The Educational Journal
- Date: 2003-12
- Subjects: Education – South Africa , South Africa – Economic conditions , South Africa – Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38670 , vital:34867 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa. From the 2000s, the journal was published by the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW), a trade union formed in August 1998 from the amalgamation of militant and moderate trade unions and also operated in the education sphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2003-12
- Date: 2003-12
- Subjects: Education – South Africa , South Africa – Economic conditions , South Africa – Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38670 , vital:34867 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa. From the 2000s, the journal was published by the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW), a trade union formed in August 1998 from the amalgamation of militant and moderate trade unions and also operated in the education sphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2003-12
The Educational Journal
- Date: 2003-10
- Subjects: Education – South Africa , South Africa – Economic conditions , South Africa – Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38724 , vital:34884 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa. From the 2000s, the journal was published by the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW), a trade union formed in August 1998 from the amalgamation of militant and moderate trade unions and also operated in the education sphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2003-10
- Date: 2003-10
- Subjects: Education – South Africa , South Africa – Economic conditions , South Africa – Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38724 , vital:34884 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa. From the 2000s, the journal was published by the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW), a trade union formed in August 1998 from the amalgamation of militant and moderate trade unions and also operated in the education sphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2003-10
The Educational Journal
- Date: 2003-08
- Subjects: Education – South Africa , South Africa – Economic conditions , South Africa – Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38429 , vital:34763 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa. From the 2000s, the journal was published by the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW), a trade union formed in August 1998 from the amalgamation of militant and moderate trade unions and also operated in the education sphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2003-08
- Date: 2003-08
- Subjects: Education – South Africa , South Africa – Economic conditions , South Africa – Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38429 , vital:34763 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa. From the 2000s, the journal was published by the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW), a trade union formed in August 1998 from the amalgamation of militant and moderate trade unions and also operated in the education sphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2003-08
New Unity Movement Bulletin
- Date: 2003-07
- Subjects: Government, Resistance to -- South Africa , South Africa -- History -- 20th century , South Africa -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33748 , vital:33013 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Bulletin was the official newsletter of the New Unity Movement. It was published about twice a year and contained articles reflecting the organisation's views on resistance to the Apartheid government.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2003-07
- Date: 2003-07
- Subjects: Government, Resistance to -- South Africa , South Africa -- History -- 20th century , South Africa -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33748 , vital:33013 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Bulletin was the official newsletter of the New Unity Movement. It was published about twice a year and contained articles reflecting the organisation's views on resistance to the Apartheid government.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2003-07
The Educational Journal
- Date: 2003-06
- Subjects: Education – South Africa , South Africa – Economic conditions , South Africa – Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38609 , vital:34839 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa. From the 2000s, the journal was published by the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW), a trade union formed in August 1998 from the amalgamation of militant and moderate trade unions and also operated in the education sphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2003-06
- Date: 2003-06
- Subjects: Education – South Africa , South Africa – Economic conditions , South Africa – Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38609 , vital:34839 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa. From the 2000s, the journal was published by the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW), a trade union formed in August 1998 from the amalgamation of militant and moderate trade unions and also operated in the education sphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2003-06
The Educational Journal
- Date: 2003-05
- Subjects: Education – South Africa , South Africa – Economic conditions , South Africa – Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38339 , vital:34589 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa. From the 2000s, the journal was published by the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW), a trade union formed in August 1998 from the amalgamation of militant and moderate trade unions and also operated in the education sphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2003-05
- Date: 2003-05
- Subjects: Education – South Africa , South Africa – Economic conditions , South Africa – Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38339 , vital:34589 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa. From the 2000s, the journal was published by the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW), a trade union formed in August 1998 from the amalgamation of militant and moderate trade unions and also operated in the education sphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2003-05
6-Hydroxymelatonin protects against cyanide induced oxidative stress in rat brain homogenates
- Maharaj, Deepa S, Walker, Roderick B, Glass, Beverley D, Daya, Santylal
- Authors: Maharaj, Deepa S , Walker, Roderick B , Glass, Beverley D , Daya, Santylal
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: vital:6405 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006478
- Description: Both 6-hydroxymelatonin and N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine are photodegradants and enzymatic metabolites of melatonin and are known to retain equipotent activity against potassium cyanide-induced superoxide generation compared to melatonin. It is not clear whether one or both of these metabolites is responsible for this effect. The present study therefore investigates the possible manner in which 6-hydroxymelatonin protects against oxidative stress induced by cyanide in rat brain homogenates. We examined the ability of 6-hydroxymelatonin to scavenge KCN-induced superoxide anion generation as well as lipid peroxidation. In addition, we also examined the effect of this indole on lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) as well as mitochondrial electron transport using dichlorophenol–indophenol as an electron acceptor. The results of this study show that 6-hydroxymelatonin significantly reduces KCN-induced superoxide anion generation, which is accompanied by a commensurate reduction in lipid peroxidation. Partial reversal of the KCN-induced reduction in mitochondrial electron transport is accompanied by a similar reversal of mitochondrial LDH activity blunted by KCN. It can thus be proposed that 6-hydroxymelatonin is potentially neuroprotective against KCN-induced neurotoxicity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Maharaj, Deepa S , Walker, Roderick B , Glass, Beverley D , Daya, Santylal
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: vital:6405 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006478
- Description: Both 6-hydroxymelatonin and N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine are photodegradants and enzymatic metabolites of melatonin and are known to retain equipotent activity against potassium cyanide-induced superoxide generation compared to melatonin. It is not clear whether one or both of these metabolites is responsible for this effect. The present study therefore investigates the possible manner in which 6-hydroxymelatonin protects against oxidative stress induced by cyanide in rat brain homogenates. We examined the ability of 6-hydroxymelatonin to scavenge KCN-induced superoxide anion generation as well as lipid peroxidation. In addition, we also examined the effect of this indole on lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) as well as mitochondrial electron transport using dichlorophenol–indophenol as an electron acceptor. The results of this study show that 6-hydroxymelatonin significantly reduces KCN-induced superoxide anion generation, which is accompanied by a commensurate reduction in lipid peroxidation. Partial reversal of the KCN-induced reduction in mitochondrial electron transport is accompanied by a similar reversal of mitochondrial LDH activity blunted by KCN. It can thus be proposed that 6-hydroxymelatonin is potentially neuroprotective against KCN-induced neurotoxicity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
A proposed prioritization system for the management of invasive alien plants in South Africa
- Robertson, Mark P, Villet, Martin H, Fairbanks, Dean H K, Henderson, L, Higgins, Simon I, Hoffmann, John H, Le Maitre, David C, Palmer, Anthony R, Riggs, I, Shackleton, Charlie M, Zimmermann, Helmuth G
- Authors: Robertson, Mark P , Villet, Martin H , Fairbanks, Dean H K , Henderson, L , Higgins, Simon I , Hoffmann, John H , Le Maitre, David C , Palmer, Anthony R , Riggs, I , Shackleton, Charlie M , Zimmermann, Helmuth G
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6911 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011872
- Description: Every country has weed species whose presence conflicts in some way with human management objectives and needs. Resources for research and control are limited, so priority should be given to species that are the biggest problem. The prioritization system described in this article was designed to assess objectively research and control priorities of invasive alien plants at a national scale in South Africa. The evaluation consists of seventeen criteria, grouped into five modules, that assess invasiveness, spatial characteristics, potential impact, potential for control, and conflicts of interest for each plant species under consideration. Total prioritization scores, calculated from criterion and module scores, were used to assess a species' priority. Prioritization scores were calculated by combining independent assessments provided by several experts, thus increasing the reliability of the rankings. The total confidence score, a separate index, indicates the reliability and availability of data used to make an assessment. Candidate species for evaluation were identified and assessed by several experts using the prioritization system. The final ranking was made by combining two separate indices, the total prioritization score and the total confidence score. This approach integrates the plant's perceived priority with an index of data reliability. Of the 61 species assessed, those with the highest ranks (Lantana camara, Chromolaena odorata and Opuntia ficus-indica) had high prioritization and high confidence scores, and are thus of most concern. Those species with the lowest ranks, for example, Harrisia martinii, Opuntia spinulifera and Opuntia exaltata, had low prioritization scores and high confidence scores, and thus are of least concern. Our approach to ranking weeds offers several advantages over existing systems because it is designed for multiple assessors based on the Delphi decision-making technique, the criteria contribute equally to the total score, and the system can accommodate incomplete data on a species. Although the choice of criteria may be criticized and the system has certain limitations, it appears to have delivered credible results.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Robertson, Mark P , Villet, Martin H , Fairbanks, Dean H K , Henderson, L , Higgins, Simon I , Hoffmann, John H , Le Maitre, David C , Palmer, Anthony R , Riggs, I , Shackleton, Charlie M , Zimmermann, Helmuth G
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6911 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011872
- Description: Every country has weed species whose presence conflicts in some way with human management objectives and needs. Resources for research and control are limited, so priority should be given to species that are the biggest problem. The prioritization system described in this article was designed to assess objectively research and control priorities of invasive alien plants at a national scale in South Africa. The evaluation consists of seventeen criteria, grouped into five modules, that assess invasiveness, spatial characteristics, potential impact, potential for control, and conflicts of interest for each plant species under consideration. Total prioritization scores, calculated from criterion and module scores, were used to assess a species' priority. Prioritization scores were calculated by combining independent assessments provided by several experts, thus increasing the reliability of the rankings. The total confidence score, a separate index, indicates the reliability and availability of data used to make an assessment. Candidate species for evaluation were identified and assessed by several experts using the prioritization system. The final ranking was made by combining two separate indices, the total prioritization score and the total confidence score. This approach integrates the plant's perceived priority with an index of data reliability. Of the 61 species assessed, those with the highest ranks (Lantana camara, Chromolaena odorata and Opuntia ficus-indica) had high prioritization and high confidence scores, and are thus of most concern. Those species with the lowest ranks, for example, Harrisia martinii, Opuntia spinulifera and Opuntia exaltata, had low prioritization scores and high confidence scores, and thus are of least concern. Our approach to ranking weeds offers several advantages over existing systems because it is designed for multiple assessors based on the Delphi decision-making technique, the criteria contribute equally to the total score, and the system can accommodate incomplete data on a species. Although the choice of criteria may be criticized and the system has certain limitations, it appears to have delivered credible results.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Analysis of the calling songs of Platypleura hirtipennis (Germar, 1834) and P. plumosa (Germar, 1834) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
- Sanborn, Allen F, Phillips, P K, Villet, Martin H
- Authors: Sanborn, Allen F , Phillips, P K , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6896 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011656
- Description: [From the introduction]: Most male cicadas produce a calling song in order to attract conspecific females. These songs have been shown to differ in closely related species (e.g. Alexander & Moore 1962; Villet 1988, 1989; Boulard 1995; Marshall & Cooley 2000; Sanborn & Phillips 2001) and in species which share habitats (e.g. Sueur 2002). The former is an inevitable part of the divergence of recognition signals that characterizes the speciation process in animals using acoustic signals (Villet 1995), while the latter would be expected from a signal that acts as a reproductive isolating mechanism (Claridge 1985; Marshall & Cooley 2000). Calling songs are therefore of value in resolving taxonomic problems in the cicadas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Sanborn, Allen F , Phillips, P K , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6896 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011656
- Description: [From the introduction]: Most male cicadas produce a calling song in order to attract conspecific females. These songs have been shown to differ in closely related species (e.g. Alexander & Moore 1962; Villet 1988, 1989; Boulard 1995; Marshall & Cooley 2000; Sanborn & Phillips 2001) and in species which share habitats (e.g. Sueur 2002). The former is an inevitable part of the divergence of recognition signals that characterizes the speciation process in animals using acoustic signals (Villet 1995), while the latter would be expected from a signal that acts as a reproductive isolating mechanism (Claridge 1985; Marshall & Cooley 2000). Calling songs are therefore of value in resolving taxonomic problems in the cicadas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Cognitive therapy for social phobia : the human face of cognitive science
- Edwards, David J A, Henwood, Jennifer, Kannan, Swetha
- Authors: Edwards, David J A , Henwood, Jennifer , Kannan, Swetha
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6280 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008281
- Description: [abstract from Index to SA Periodicals]Points to the male/masculine ideology pervading science. Gives a history of cognitive science. Shows that current clinical models on which cognitive therapy treatments are based are complex and detailed, but also situated and human. Warns about the contemporary enthusiasm for cognitive science. Presents a case study which illustrates how the cognitive model of social phobia works inpractice when applied to one person's life situation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Edwards, David J A , Henwood, Jennifer , Kannan, Swetha
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6280 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008281
- Description: [abstract from Index to SA Periodicals]Points to the male/masculine ideology pervading science. Gives a history of cognitive science. Shows that current clinical models on which cognitive therapy treatments are based are complex and detailed, but also situated and human. Warns about the contemporary enthusiasm for cognitive science. Presents a case study which illustrates how the cognitive model of social phobia works inpractice when applied to one person's life situation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Comparing models for predicting species' potential distributions : a case study using correlative and mechanistic predictive modelling techniques
- Robertson, Mark P, Peter, Craig I, Villet, Martin H, Ripley, Bradley S
- Authors: Robertson, Mark P , Peter, Craig I , Villet, Martin H , Ripley, Bradley S
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6539 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005980 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00028-0
- Description: Models used to predict species’ potential distributions have been described as either correlative or mechanistic. We attempted to determine whether correlative models could perform as well as mechanistic models for predicting species potential distributions, using a case study. We compared potential distribution predictions made for a coastal dune plant (Scaevola plumieri) along the coast of South Africa, using a mechanistic model based on summer water balance (SWB), and two correlative models (a profile and a group discrimination technique). The profile technique was based on principal components analysis (PCA) and the group-discrimination technique was based on multiple logistic regression (LR). Kappa (κ) statistics were used to objectively assess model performance and model agreement. Model performance was calculated by measuring the levels of agreement (using κ) between a set of testing localities (distribution records not used for model building) and each of the model predictions. Using published interpretive guidelines for the kappa statistic, model performance was “excellent” for the SWB model (κ=0.852), perfect for the LR model (κ=1.000), and “very good” for the PCA model (κ=0.721). Model agreement was calculated by measuring the level of agreement between the mechanistic model and the two correlative models. There was “good” model agreement between the SWB and PCA models (κ=0.679) and “very good” agreement between the SWB and LR models (κ=0.786). The results suggest that correlative models can perform as well as or better than simple mechanistic models. The predictions generated from these three modelling designs are likely to generate different insights into the potential distribution and biology of the target organism and may be appropriate in different situations. The choice of model is likely to be influenced by the aims of the study, the biology of the target organism, the level of knowledge the target organism’s biology, and data quality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Robertson, Mark P , Peter, Craig I , Villet, Martin H , Ripley, Bradley S
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6539 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005980 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00028-0
- Description: Models used to predict species’ potential distributions have been described as either correlative or mechanistic. We attempted to determine whether correlative models could perform as well as mechanistic models for predicting species potential distributions, using a case study. We compared potential distribution predictions made for a coastal dune plant (Scaevola plumieri) along the coast of South Africa, using a mechanistic model based on summer water balance (SWB), and two correlative models (a profile and a group discrimination technique). The profile technique was based on principal components analysis (PCA) and the group-discrimination technique was based on multiple logistic regression (LR). Kappa (κ) statistics were used to objectively assess model performance and model agreement. Model performance was calculated by measuring the levels of agreement (using κ) between a set of testing localities (distribution records not used for model building) and each of the model predictions. Using published interpretive guidelines for the kappa statistic, model performance was “excellent” for the SWB model (κ=0.852), perfect for the LR model (κ=1.000), and “very good” for the PCA model (κ=0.721). Model agreement was calculated by measuring the level of agreement between the mechanistic model and the two correlative models. There was “good” model agreement between the SWB and PCA models (κ=0.679) and “very good” agreement between the SWB and LR models (κ=0.786). The results suggest that correlative models can perform as well as or better than simple mechanistic models. The predictions generated from these three modelling designs are likely to generate different insights into the potential distribution and biology of the target organism and may be appropriate in different situations. The choice of model is likely to be influenced by the aims of the study, the biology of the target organism, the level of knowledge the target organism’s biology, and data quality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Disgraceland: history and the humanities in frontier country
- Authors: Cornwell, Gareth D N
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6117 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004618
- Description: This paper explores the significance of Coetzee's choice of Salem in the Eastern Cape as the (part) setting for his novel Disgrace. A determinedly local and historical reading of the text suggests that Lucy's conduct represents an "ideal" solution to the historical issues of wrong and reparation raised in the novel. This finding is scrutinized through a reading of "The Humanities in Africa" from Elizabeth Costello, and it is concluded that whatever hope for rehabilitation or redemption the novel holds out for white South Africans necessarily exists beyond the discourse of the humanities, indeed, outside of history itself.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Cornwell, Gareth D N
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6117 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004618
- Description: This paper explores the significance of Coetzee's choice of Salem in the Eastern Cape as the (part) setting for his novel Disgrace. A determinedly local and historical reading of the text suggests that Lucy's conduct represents an "ideal" solution to the historical issues of wrong and reparation raised in the novel. This finding is scrutinized through a reading of "The Humanities in Africa" from Elizabeth Costello, and it is concluded that whatever hope for rehabilitation or redemption the novel holds out for white South Africans necessarily exists beyond the discourse of the humanities, indeed, outside of history itself.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Disturbances of attitudes and behaviours related to eating in black and white females at high school and university in South Africa
- Edwards, David J A, d'Agrela, A, Geach, M, Welman, Mark
- Authors: Edwards, David J A , d'Agrela, A , Geach, M , Welman, Mark
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6246 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007864
- Description: This paper reports two studies, which contribute to the increasing evidence that the attitudes and behaviours associated with eating disorders, are encountered among both black and white females in South Africa. In Study One, the Eating Disorders Inventory EDI was administered to black (n=39) and white (n=41) female students in Natal. There were no significant differences between black and white on the sub-scales which measure disturbed eating behaviour directly (Drive for Thinness, Bulimia, Body Dissatisfaction). However black respondents scrored higher on Perfectionism, Interpersonal Distrust and Maturity Fears, variables believed to predispose individuals to eating disorders. In Study Two, the Bulimia Test (BULIT) was administered to black and white females at three educational levels. There was no significant effect of Ethnicity, but there was a significant effect of Age: Standard 6 respondents had significantly higher scores than University students. In both studies, Body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher among blacks than whites. In Study One there was no significant correlation between BMI and Drive for Thinness in either blacks or whites. However in Study Two, the correlation between BMI and BULIT full scale was significant in the case of both blacks (r = 0,39; p <,01) and whites (r = 0,38; p<,05). These findings are consistent with those of other recent studies, which find disturbances in eating-related attitudes and behaviour in all ethnic groups in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Edwards, David J A , d'Agrela, A , Geach, M , Welman, Mark
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6246 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007864
- Description: This paper reports two studies, which contribute to the increasing evidence that the attitudes and behaviours associated with eating disorders, are encountered among both black and white females in South Africa. In Study One, the Eating Disorders Inventory EDI was administered to black (n=39) and white (n=41) female students in Natal. There were no significant differences between black and white on the sub-scales which measure disturbed eating behaviour directly (Drive for Thinness, Bulimia, Body Dissatisfaction). However black respondents scrored higher on Perfectionism, Interpersonal Distrust and Maturity Fears, variables believed to predispose individuals to eating disorders. In Study Two, the Bulimia Test (BULIT) was administered to black and white females at three educational levels. There was no significant effect of Ethnicity, but there was a significant effect of Age: Standard 6 respondents had significantly higher scores than University students. In both studies, Body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher among blacks than whites. In Study One there was no significant correlation between BMI and Drive for Thinness in either blacks or whites. However in Study Two, the correlation between BMI and BULIT full scale was significant in the case of both blacks (r = 0,39; p <,01) and whites (r = 0,38; p<,05). These findings are consistent with those of other recent studies, which find disturbances in eating-related attitudes and behaviour in all ethnic groups in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Education, ethics and values : A response to Peter Blaze Corcoran’s keynote address, EEASA 2003
- Authors: Van Harmelen, U
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6099 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008663
- Description: This paper is written in response to the Keynote Adress on the Earth Charter presented by Peter Blaze Corcoran at the EEASA 2003 Conference in Namibia. It draws attention to the significance of ethical debates in education and emphasises the need for careful attention to the way in which educators approach values education. In particular the paper considers the Earth Charter critically, and notes that while there is much value in the principles of the Earth Charter for guiding educational practice, educators should also consider some of the dilemmas of simply appropriating univeral ethical frameworks to guide practice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Van Harmelen, U
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6099 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008663
- Description: This paper is written in response to the Keynote Adress on the Earth Charter presented by Peter Blaze Corcoran at the EEASA 2003 Conference in Namibia. It draws attention to the significance of ethical debates in education and emphasises the need for careful attention to the way in which educators approach values education. In particular the paper considers the Earth Charter critically, and notes that while there is much value in the principles of the Earth Charter for guiding educational practice, educators should also consider some of the dilemmas of simply appropriating univeral ethical frameworks to guide practice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Endothermy and chorusing behaviour in the African platypleurine cicada Pycna semiclara (Germar, 1834) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
- Villet, Martin H, Sanborn, Allen F, Phillips, P K
- Authors: Villet, Martin H , Sanborn, Allen F , Phillips, P K
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6892 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011652 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-119
- Description: Cicadas use acoustic signals to find mates and therefore offer a phylogenetically independent opportunity to test the generality of ideas about acoustic communication that were developed from studies of other animals. Pycna semiclara (Germar, 1834) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) is a forest-dwelling platypleurine cicada that uses its calling song to form choruses and attract mates. Additionally, P. semiclara produces an encounter call that is involved in courtship and also in spacing males within choruses. Males generally call from exposed trunks and branches within the understory but clear of the undergrowth and fight with other males that call within about 50 cm of them. Choruses sing sporadically throughout the day but focus most of their calling activity into half-hour bouts at dawn and dusk. Body size and ambient temperature had no significant effect on spectral or temporal characteristics of the calling song. Body temperature measurements indicate that P. semiclara thermoregulates endothermically, with a body temperature of more than 22 °C above ambient temperature being measured during calling activity at dusk. Such endothermy provides an advantage to the cicadas by allowing them to call during crepuscular hours when atmospheric conditions are most optimal for acoustic communication and predation risks are minimal. Coincidentally, endogenously regulating body temperature allows the temporal characteristics of the call to be unaffected by ambient temperature changes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Villet, Martin H , Sanborn, Allen F , Phillips, P K
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6892 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011652 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-119
- Description: Cicadas use acoustic signals to find mates and therefore offer a phylogenetically independent opportunity to test the generality of ideas about acoustic communication that were developed from studies of other animals. Pycna semiclara (Germar, 1834) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) is a forest-dwelling platypleurine cicada that uses its calling song to form choruses and attract mates. Additionally, P. semiclara produces an encounter call that is involved in courtship and also in spacing males within choruses. Males generally call from exposed trunks and branches within the understory but clear of the undergrowth and fight with other males that call within about 50 cm of them. Choruses sing sporadically throughout the day but focus most of their calling activity into half-hour bouts at dawn and dusk. Body size and ambient temperature had no significant effect on spectral or temporal characteristics of the calling song. Body temperature measurements indicate that P. semiclara thermoregulates endothermically, with a body temperature of more than 22 °C above ambient temperature being measured during calling activity at dusk. Such endothermy provides an advantage to the cicadas by allowing them to call during crepuscular hours when atmospheric conditions are most optimal for acoustic communication and predation risks are minimal. Coincidentally, endogenously regulating body temperature allows the temporal characteristics of the call to be unaffected by ambient temperature changes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Environmental limits to the distribution of Scaevola plumieri along the South African coast
- Peter, Craig I, Ripley, Bradley S, Robertson, Mark P
- Authors: Peter, Craig I , Ripley, Bradley S , Robertson, Mark P
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6533 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005974
- Description: Scaevola plumieri is an important pioneer on many tropical and subtropical sand dunes, forming a large perennial subterranean plant with only the tips of the branches emerging above accreting sand. In South Africa it is the dominant pioneer on sandy beaches along the east coast, less abundant on the south coast and absent from the southwest and west coasts. Transpiration rates (E) of S. plumieri are predictably related to atmospheric vapour pressure deficit under a wide range of conditions and can therefore be predicted from measurement of ambient temperature and relative humidity. Scaling measurements of E at the leaf level to the canopy level has been demonstrated previously. Using a geographic information system, digital maps of regional climatic variables were used to calculate digital maps of potential transpiration from mean monthly temperature and relative humidity values, effectively scaling canopy level transpiration rates to a regional level. Monthly potential transpiration was subtracted from the monthly median rainfall to produce a map of mean monthly water balance. Seasonal growth was correlated with seasonal water balance. Localities along the coast with water deficits in summer corresponded with the recorded absence of S. plumieri, which grows and reproduces most actively in the summer months. This suggests that reduced water availability during the summer growth period limits the distribution of S. plumieri along the southwest coast, where water deficits develop in summer. Temperature is also important in limiting the distribution of S. plumieri on the southwest coast of South Africa through its effects on the growth and phenology of the plant.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Peter, Craig I , Ripley, Bradley S , Robertson, Mark P
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6533 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005974
- Description: Scaevola plumieri is an important pioneer on many tropical and subtropical sand dunes, forming a large perennial subterranean plant with only the tips of the branches emerging above accreting sand. In South Africa it is the dominant pioneer on sandy beaches along the east coast, less abundant on the south coast and absent from the southwest and west coasts. Transpiration rates (E) of S. plumieri are predictably related to atmospheric vapour pressure deficit under a wide range of conditions and can therefore be predicted from measurement of ambient temperature and relative humidity. Scaling measurements of E at the leaf level to the canopy level has been demonstrated previously. Using a geographic information system, digital maps of regional climatic variables were used to calculate digital maps of potential transpiration from mean monthly temperature and relative humidity values, effectively scaling canopy level transpiration rates to a regional level. Monthly potential transpiration was subtracted from the monthly median rainfall to produce a map of mean monthly water balance. Seasonal growth was correlated with seasonal water balance. Localities along the coast with water deficits in summer corresponded with the recorded absence of S. plumieri, which grows and reproduces most actively in the summer months. This suggests that reduced water availability during the summer growth period limits the distribution of S. plumieri along the southwest coast, where water deficits develop in summer. Temperature is also important in limiting the distribution of S. plumieri on the southwest coast of South Africa through its effects on the growth and phenology of the plant.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Environmental limits to the distribution of Scaevola plumieri along the South African coast
- Peter, Craig I, Ripley, Bradley S, Robertson, Mark P
- Authors: Peter, Craig I , Ripley, Bradley S , Robertson, Mark P
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6872 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011617
- Description: Scaevola plumieri is an important pioneer on many tropical and subtropical sand dunes, forming a large perennial subterranean plant with only the tips of the branches emerging above accreting sand. In South Africa it is the dominant pioneer on sandy beaches along the east coast, less abundant on the south coast and absent from the southwest and west coasts. Transpiration rates (E) of S. plumieri are predictably related to atmospheric vapour pressure deficit under a wide range of conditions and can therefore be predicted from measurement of ambient temperature and relative humidity. Scaling measurements of E at the leaf level to the canopy level has been demonstrated previously. Using a geographic information system, digital maps of regional climatic variables were used to calculate digital maps of potential transpiration from mean monthly temperature and relative humidity values, effectively scaling canopy level transpiration rates to a regional level. Monthly potential transpiration was subtracted from the monthly median rainfall to produce a map of mean monthly water balance. Seasonal growth was correlated with seasonal water balance. Localities along the coast with water deficits in summer corresponded with the recorded absence of S. plumieri, which grows and reproduces most actively in the summer months. This suggests that reduced water availability during the summer growth period limits the distribution of S. plumieri along the southwest coast, where water deficits develop in summer. Temperature is also important in limiting the distribution of S. plumieri on the southwest coast of South Africa through its effects on the growth and phenology of the plant.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Peter, Craig I , Ripley, Bradley S , Robertson, Mark P
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6872 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011617
- Description: Scaevola plumieri is an important pioneer on many tropical and subtropical sand dunes, forming a large perennial subterranean plant with only the tips of the branches emerging above accreting sand. In South Africa it is the dominant pioneer on sandy beaches along the east coast, less abundant on the south coast and absent from the southwest and west coasts. Transpiration rates (E) of S. plumieri are predictably related to atmospheric vapour pressure deficit under a wide range of conditions and can therefore be predicted from measurement of ambient temperature and relative humidity. Scaling measurements of E at the leaf level to the canopy level has been demonstrated previously. Using a geographic information system, digital maps of regional climatic variables were used to calculate digital maps of potential transpiration from mean monthly temperature and relative humidity values, effectively scaling canopy level transpiration rates to a regional level. Monthly potential transpiration was subtracted from the monthly median rainfall to produce a map of mean monthly water balance. Seasonal growth was correlated with seasonal water balance. Localities along the coast with water deficits in summer corresponded with the recorded absence of S. plumieri, which grows and reproduces most actively in the summer months. This suggests that reduced water availability during the summer growth period limits the distribution of S. plumieri along the southwest coast, where water deficits develop in summer. Temperature is also important in limiting the distribution of S. plumieri on the southwest coast of South Africa through its effects on the growth and phenology of the plant.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Ethics beyond the code of conduct - understanding the ethical dilemmas of entrepreneurs
- Robinson, D A, Van der Mescht, Hennie, Lancaster, Jonathan C S
- Authors: Robinson, D A , Van der Mescht, Hennie , Lancaster, Jonathan C S
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6102 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008672
- Description: Entrepreneurs choose a particular way of life with the dual aim of maximising profit and gaining a sense of self-satisfaction. In these endeavours, entrepreneurs typically live with the threat of competition and the risk of business failure, while attempting to do their best within the limitations of their resources. This qualitative study first examines existing theories of ethics and ways of applying business ethics and thereafter investigates entrepreneurs' actual experiences by means of in-depth interviews and the use of phenomenology. It finds that entrepreneurs are not guided by any specific code of conduct, and must decide for themselves what is right. It describes the entrepreneurial business ethic, some of the types of dilemmas that they experience and the methods that they have developed to deal with the dilemmas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Robinson, D A , Van der Mescht, Hennie , Lancaster, Jonathan C S
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6102 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008672
- Description: Entrepreneurs choose a particular way of life with the dual aim of maximising profit and gaining a sense of self-satisfaction. In these endeavours, entrepreneurs typically live with the threat of competition and the risk of business failure, while attempting to do their best within the limitations of their resources. This qualitative study first examines existing theories of ethics and ways of applying business ethics and thereafter investigates entrepreneurs' actual experiences by means of in-depth interviews and the use of phenomenology. It finds that entrepreneurs are not guided by any specific code of conduct, and must decide for themselves what is right. It describes the entrepreneurial business ethic, some of the types of dilemmas that they experience and the methods that they have developed to deal with the dilemmas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Ethics beyond the code of conduct - understanding the ethical dilemmas of entrepreneurs
- Robinson, D A, Van der Mescht, Hennie, Lancaster, Jonathan C S
- Authors: Robinson, D A , Van der Mescht, Hennie , Lancaster, Jonathan C S
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6072 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001646 , ISSN 1022-2529
- Description: Entrepreneurs choose a particular way of life with the dual aim of maximising profit and gaining a sense of self-satisfaction. In these endeavours, entrepreneurs typically live with the threat of competition and the risk of business failure, while attempting to do their best within the limitations of their resources. This qualitative study first examines existing theories of ethics and ways of applying business ethics and thereafter investigates entrepreneurs' actual experiences by means of in-depth interviews and the use of phenomenology. It finds that entrepreneurs are not guided by any specific code of conduct, and must decide for themselves what is right. It describes the entrepreneurial business ethic, some of the types of dilemmas that they experience and the methods that they have developed to deal with the dilemmas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Robinson, D A , Van der Mescht, Hennie , Lancaster, Jonathan C S
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6072 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001646 , ISSN 1022-2529
- Description: Entrepreneurs choose a particular way of life with the dual aim of maximising profit and gaining a sense of self-satisfaction. In these endeavours, entrepreneurs typically live with the threat of competition and the risk of business failure, while attempting to do their best within the limitations of their resources. This qualitative study first examines existing theories of ethics and ways of applying business ethics and thereafter investigates entrepreneurs' actual experiences by means of in-depth interviews and the use of phenomenology. It finds that entrepreneurs are not guided by any specific code of conduct, and must decide for themselves what is right. It describes the entrepreneurial business ethic, some of the types of dilemmas that they experience and the methods that they have developed to deal with the dilemmas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Foam drug delivery in dermatology: beyond the scalp
- Purdon, Carryn H, Haigh, John M, Surber, Christian, Smith, Eric W
- Authors: Purdon, Carryn H , Haigh, John M , Surber, Christian , Smith, Eric W
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Adis International Limited , Drug delivery systems , Skin disorders
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6418 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006541
- Description: Consumers of topical formulations apply a wide spectrum of preparations, both cosmetic and dermatological, to their healthy or diseased skin. These formulations range in physicochemical nature from solid through semisolid to liquid. Pharmaceutical foams are pressurized dosage forms containing one or more active ingredients that, upon valve actuation, emit a fine dispersion of liquid and/or solid materials in a gaseous medium. Foam formulations are generally easier to apply, are less dense, and spread more easily than other topical dosage forms. Foams may be formulated in various ways to provide emollient or drying functions to the skin, depending on the formulation constituents. Therefore, this delivery technology should be a useful addition to the spectrum of formulations available for topical use; however, as yet, only a few are commercially available. Probably the most convincing argument for the use of foams is ease of use by the patient, and consumer acceptance. Most foam dosage forms used in dermatology to date have incorporated corticosteroids, although some products have also been used to deliver antiseptics, antifungal agents, anti-inflammatory agents, local anesthetic agents, skin emollients, and protectants. Although there is no clinical evidence that foam formulations are currently superior to other conventional delivery vehicles, these formulations have a clear application advantage and with continued developments in the science of supersaturation technology, it seems certain that foam delivery systems will retain their place in the dermatological and cosmetic armamentarium.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Purdon, Carryn H , Haigh, John M , Surber, Christian , Smith, Eric W
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Adis International Limited , Drug delivery systems , Skin disorders
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6418 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006541
- Description: Consumers of topical formulations apply a wide spectrum of preparations, both cosmetic and dermatological, to their healthy or diseased skin. These formulations range in physicochemical nature from solid through semisolid to liquid. Pharmaceutical foams are pressurized dosage forms containing one or more active ingredients that, upon valve actuation, emit a fine dispersion of liquid and/or solid materials in a gaseous medium. Foam formulations are generally easier to apply, are less dense, and spread more easily than other topical dosage forms. Foams may be formulated in various ways to provide emollient or drying functions to the skin, depending on the formulation constituents. Therefore, this delivery technology should be a useful addition to the spectrum of formulations available for topical use; however, as yet, only a few are commercially available. Probably the most convincing argument for the use of foams is ease of use by the patient, and consumer acceptance. Most foam dosage forms used in dermatology to date have incorporated corticosteroids, although some products have also been used to deliver antiseptics, antifungal agents, anti-inflammatory agents, local anesthetic agents, skin emollients, and protectants. Although there is no clinical evidence that foam formulations are currently superior to other conventional delivery vehicles, these formulations have a clear application advantage and with continued developments in the science of supersaturation technology, it seems certain that foam delivery systems will retain their place in the dermatological and cosmetic armamentarium.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003