An Analysis and Implementation of Methods for High Speed Lexical Classification of Malicious URLs
- Egan, Shaun P, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Egan, Shaun P , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429757 , vital:72637 , https://digifors.cs.up.ac.za/issa/2012/Proceedings/Research/58_ResearchInProgress.pdf
- Description: Several authors have put forward methods of using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to classify URLs as malicious or benign by using lexical features of those URLs. These methods have been compared to other methods of classification, such as blacklisting and spam filtering, and have been found to be as accurate. Early attempts proved to be as highly accurate. Fully featured classifications use lexical features as well as lookups to classify URLs and include (but are not limited to) blacklists, spam filters and reputation services. These classifiers are based on the Online Perceptron Model, using a single neuron as a linear combiner and used lexical features that rely on the presence (or lack thereof) of words belonging to a bag-of-words. Several obfuscation resistant features are also used to increase the positive classification rate of these perceptrons. Examples of these include URL length, number of directory traversals and length of arguments passed to the file within the URL. In this paper we describe how we implement the online perceptron model and methods that we used to try to increase the accuracy of this model through the use of hidden layers and training cost validation. We discuss our results in relation to those of other papers, as well as other analysis performed on the training data and the neural networks themselves to best understand why they are so effective. Also described will be the proposed model for developing these Neural Networks, how to implement them in the real world through the use of browser extensions, proxy plugins and spam filters for mail servers, and our current implementation. Finally, work that is still in progress will be described. This work includes other methods of increasing accuracy through the use of modern training techniques and testing in a real world environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Egan, Shaun P , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429757 , vital:72637 , https://digifors.cs.up.ac.za/issa/2012/Proceedings/Research/58_ResearchInProgress.pdf
- Description: Several authors have put forward methods of using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to classify URLs as malicious or benign by using lexical features of those URLs. These methods have been compared to other methods of classification, such as blacklisting and spam filtering, and have been found to be as accurate. Early attempts proved to be as highly accurate. Fully featured classifications use lexical features as well as lookups to classify URLs and include (but are not limited to) blacklists, spam filters and reputation services. These classifiers are based on the Online Perceptron Model, using a single neuron as a linear combiner and used lexical features that rely on the presence (or lack thereof) of words belonging to a bag-of-words. Several obfuscation resistant features are also used to increase the positive classification rate of these perceptrons. Examples of these include URL length, number of directory traversals and length of arguments passed to the file within the URL. In this paper we describe how we implement the online perceptron model and methods that we used to try to increase the accuracy of this model through the use of hidden layers and training cost validation. We discuss our results in relation to those of other papers, as well as other analysis performed on the training data and the neural networks themselves to best understand why they are so effective. Also described will be the proposed model for developing these Neural Networks, how to implement them in the real world through the use of browser extensions, proxy plugins and spam filters for mail servers, and our current implementation. Finally, work that is still in progress will be described. This work includes other methods of increasing accuracy through the use of modern training techniques and testing in a real world environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
An APPRAISAL analysis of the discourse of student assistants' reports at an Eastern Cape girls' boarding school
- Mpofu, Lindiwe, Adendorff, Ralph
- Authors: Mpofu, Lindiwe , Adendorff, Ralph
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123052 , vital:35401 , https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2011.651943
- Description: This article reports on a pilot investigation into the language of assessment in a bi-weekly report system of an urban South African all-girls boarding school. The data are drawn principally from four student assistants working in one of the school’s hostels and are analysed using the theoretical framework of APPRAISAL. The focus is on the APPRAISAL resources that the stooges use in writing their reports, specifically their choices from the ATTITUDE and GRADUATION subsystems. Analysis indicates that Judgement and Affect instantiations, augmented by the use of Force rather than Focus, are dominant. There is also individual variation within the overarching prosody, indicating a difference between the ‘newer’ and the ‘older’ student assistants’ reports. We argue that such choices reflect and reaffirm the school’s core values and vision, the reports functioning as monitors of behaviour and as a means of aligning the learners with the school’s standards. The matron’s feedback is suggested to be an added measure of ensuring alignment with the school’s values.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Mpofu, Lindiwe , Adendorff, Ralph
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123052 , vital:35401 , https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2011.651943
- Description: This article reports on a pilot investigation into the language of assessment in a bi-weekly report system of an urban South African all-girls boarding school. The data are drawn principally from four student assistants working in one of the school’s hostels and are analysed using the theoretical framework of APPRAISAL. The focus is on the APPRAISAL resources that the stooges use in writing their reports, specifically their choices from the ATTITUDE and GRADUATION subsystems. Analysis indicates that Judgement and Affect instantiations, augmented by the use of Force rather than Focus, are dominant. There is also individual variation within the overarching prosody, indicating a difference between the ‘newer’ and the ‘older’ student assistants’ reports. We argue that such choices reflect and reaffirm the school’s core values and vision, the reports functioning as monitors of behaviour and as a means of aligning the learners with the school’s standards. The matron’s feedback is suggested to be an added measure of ensuring alignment with the school’s values.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
An assessment of the implementation of intervention programmes which ensure the right to education for orphans in King Williams Town District
- Authors: Ntshuntshe, Zoleka
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Student assistance programs
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24661 , vital:63399
- Description: The purpose of the study was to assess the implementation of intervention programmes that ensure the right to education for orphans in schools in the King William’s Town District. Data from the study revealed that there were a number of challenges faced by orphans with regards to accessing social grants and this affected their school performance negatively. Some of the challenges were (1) even though orphans were receiving the social grant, it was inadequate to provide for their home and school needs; (2) there was lack of information by applicants to access documents they needed to apply for social grants. This was an impediment to access to funds from social grants. (3) The long distances travelled by people to reach social services posed obstacles to those wishing to apply for grants. (4) Applicants lacked proper documentation such as birth certificates and parents’ death certificates which could impede application processes for social grants and (5) Lack of monitoring of social grants resulted in the misuse of funds by some caregivers. In the schools it was also established that there was irregular distribution of food parcels which resulted from some people who gave food to their families and friends, leaving the needy ones out. The No fee policy however was a success as most learners were able to remain in school. With regard to school attendance, some of the challenges were: (1) that some learners were struggling to buy school books as this was not covered by the policy. (2) There was slow implementation of scholar nutrition programme with some schools in quintile 1-3 still not being able to benefit from the programme. (3) Scholar transport was not available to most of the learners and (4) learners were without counseling services, since teachers were not trained in psychosocial support. Nonetheless, social workers were adequately trained to provide psychosocial support to learners. In addition, non governmental organizations contributed a vital service by providing orphans with uniforms and food. However their work was limited by resources and funding. The study was situated in the interpretive paradigm which seeks to construct detailed descriptions of reality. The qualitative methods were suitable for data collection purposes because they allowed the use of interviews which collected detailed, authentic information of what goes on in the schools. It was therefore the best method for the research study which seeks to assess implementation of intervention programmes for orphans as they related the challenges they encounter in the implementation of intervention programmes in their schools. Purposive sampling was used to select 8 orphans, 8 caregivers, 4 principals, 4 teachers and 4 social workers from the 4 schools in the district. The study recommends that the Child Support Grant be reviewed upwards and that monitoring be strengthened so that grants are not misused. It is further recommended that the department of social services synchronize its information dissemination strategies with other stakeholder departments, such as the department of education so as to benefit orphans. It is also recommended that the No fee policy be strengthened by such additions as providing books for orphans and other vulnerable children in schools. Finally the study recommends scholar transport to be implemented as learners still have to walk long distances to school. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Ntshuntshe, Zoleka
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Student assistance programs
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24661 , vital:63399
- Description: The purpose of the study was to assess the implementation of intervention programmes that ensure the right to education for orphans in schools in the King William’s Town District. Data from the study revealed that there were a number of challenges faced by orphans with regards to accessing social grants and this affected their school performance negatively. Some of the challenges were (1) even though orphans were receiving the social grant, it was inadequate to provide for their home and school needs; (2) there was lack of information by applicants to access documents they needed to apply for social grants. This was an impediment to access to funds from social grants. (3) The long distances travelled by people to reach social services posed obstacles to those wishing to apply for grants. (4) Applicants lacked proper documentation such as birth certificates and parents’ death certificates which could impede application processes for social grants and (5) Lack of monitoring of social grants resulted in the misuse of funds by some caregivers. In the schools it was also established that there was irregular distribution of food parcels which resulted from some people who gave food to their families and friends, leaving the needy ones out. The No fee policy however was a success as most learners were able to remain in school. With regard to school attendance, some of the challenges were: (1) that some learners were struggling to buy school books as this was not covered by the policy. (2) There was slow implementation of scholar nutrition programme with some schools in quintile 1-3 still not being able to benefit from the programme. (3) Scholar transport was not available to most of the learners and (4) learners were without counseling services, since teachers were not trained in psychosocial support. Nonetheless, social workers were adequately trained to provide psychosocial support to learners. In addition, non governmental organizations contributed a vital service by providing orphans with uniforms and food. However their work was limited by resources and funding. The study was situated in the interpretive paradigm which seeks to construct detailed descriptions of reality. The qualitative methods were suitable for data collection purposes because they allowed the use of interviews which collected detailed, authentic information of what goes on in the schools. It was therefore the best method for the research study which seeks to assess implementation of intervention programmes for orphans as they related the challenges they encounter in the implementation of intervention programmes in their schools. Purposive sampling was used to select 8 orphans, 8 caregivers, 4 principals, 4 teachers and 4 social workers from the 4 schools in the district. The study recommends that the Child Support Grant be reviewed upwards and that monitoring be strengthened so that grants are not misused. It is further recommended that the department of social services synchronize its information dissemination strategies with other stakeholder departments, such as the department of education so as to benefit orphans. It is also recommended that the No fee policy be strengthened by such additions as providing books for orphans and other vulnerable children in schools. Finally the study recommends scholar transport to be implemented as learners still have to walk long distances to school. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
An Exploratory Framework for Extrusion Detection
- Stalmans, Etienne, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Stalmans, Etienne , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428027 , vital:72481 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Ir-win/publication/327622736_An_Exploratory_Framework_for_Extrusion_Detection/links/5b9a12ba299bf14ad4d6a3d7/An-Exploratory-Framework-for-Extrusion-Detection.pdf
- Description: Modern network architecture allows multiple connectivity options, increasing the number of possible attack vectors. With the number of internet enabled devices constantly increasing, along with employees using these devices to access internal corporate networks, the attack surface has become too large to monitor from a single end-point. Traditional security measures have focused on securing a small number of network endpoints, by monitoring inbound con-nections and are thus blind to attack vectors such as mobile internet connections and remova-ble devices. Once an attacker has gained access to a network they are able to operate unde-tected on the internal network and exfiltrate data without hindrance. This paper proposes a framework for extrusion detection, where internal network traffic and outbound connections are monitored to detect malicious activity. The proposed framework has a tiered architecture con-sisting of prevention, detection, reaction and reporting. Each tier of the framework feeds into the subsequent tier with reporting providing a feedback mechanism to improve each tier based on the outcome of previous incidents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Stalmans, Etienne , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428027 , vital:72481 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Ir-win/publication/327622736_An_Exploratory_Framework_for_Extrusion_Detection/links/5b9a12ba299bf14ad4d6a3d7/An-Exploratory-Framework-for-Extrusion-Detection.pdf
- Description: Modern network architecture allows multiple connectivity options, increasing the number of possible attack vectors. With the number of internet enabled devices constantly increasing, along with employees using these devices to access internal corporate networks, the attack surface has become too large to monitor from a single end-point. Traditional security measures have focused on securing a small number of network endpoints, by monitoring inbound con-nections and are thus blind to attack vectors such as mobile internet connections and remova-ble devices. Once an attacker has gained access to a network they are able to operate unde-tected on the internal network and exfiltrate data without hindrance. This paper proposes a framework for extrusion detection, where internal network traffic and outbound connections are monitored to detect malicious activity. The proposed framework has a tiered architecture con-sisting of prevention, detection, reaction and reporting. Each tier of the framework feeds into the subsequent tier with reporting providing a feedback mechanism to improve each tier based on the outcome of previous incidents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
An Investigation into the Management of Efficient Reading of Learners in Nelson Mandela Schools
- Nomajoko, Nothenjana Albertina
- Authors: Nomajoko, Nothenjana Albertina
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/2952 , vital:43096
- Description: Reading has become centre of debate amongst teachers, principals, parents, departmental officials and the entire community of South Africa who are interested in education. Public concern over the teaching of reading has mounted in response to inflammatory statements and articles in popular media across the world. According to a statement in South African teachers’ newsletter about 35% of the children in public schools of this country were reported to have reading difficulties. Even the South African Minister for Basic Education, Angie Motshega, in her public statement on grade 12 results in 2010, mentioned reading as the major problem leading to high failure rate. Being a language teacher the researcher in this study believes every learner can read and write on completion of Foundation Phase Level in our schools and that every teacher can help learners with reading and writing difficulties. This study aims to identify the strategies that help teachers to be able to teach reading effectively and efficiently. This study will be of great value to the society at large. Teachers will benefit from this study as various teaching strategies to teach reading will be exposed. The main focus of this study was to explore the factors contributing towards efficient, effective and successful reading of learners in a well-resourced classroom and well equipped teacher. Foundation Phase is where learners acquire the most important skills for lifelong learning. The reading program is a necessity for every public school. A qualitative investigation was undertaken with the purpose to expose the strategies that help teachers in Nelson Mandela Schools (NMS). The study was undertaken in two schools that are in the reading program under the Nelson Mandela Institute (NMI) . The schools were conveniently sampled as the researcher is in one of the schools, so as to obtain easy access. The principals of the two schools and the Foundation Phase teachers were identified as the participants since the program is focusing mainly in the phase. Qualitative data were collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The outcomes pointed out that parental involvement in their children’s learning is seen as a major contributing factor in learners reading and writing efficiency. The well resourced classrooms and well equipped teachers are also contributing. , Thesis (MMED) -- Faculty of Educational Sciences, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Nomajoko, Nothenjana Albertina
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/2952 , vital:43096
- Description: Reading has become centre of debate amongst teachers, principals, parents, departmental officials and the entire community of South Africa who are interested in education. Public concern over the teaching of reading has mounted in response to inflammatory statements and articles in popular media across the world. According to a statement in South African teachers’ newsletter about 35% of the children in public schools of this country were reported to have reading difficulties. Even the South African Minister for Basic Education, Angie Motshega, in her public statement on grade 12 results in 2010, mentioned reading as the major problem leading to high failure rate. Being a language teacher the researcher in this study believes every learner can read and write on completion of Foundation Phase Level in our schools and that every teacher can help learners with reading and writing difficulties. This study aims to identify the strategies that help teachers to be able to teach reading effectively and efficiently. This study will be of great value to the society at large. Teachers will benefit from this study as various teaching strategies to teach reading will be exposed. The main focus of this study was to explore the factors contributing towards efficient, effective and successful reading of learners in a well-resourced classroom and well equipped teacher. Foundation Phase is where learners acquire the most important skills for lifelong learning. The reading program is a necessity for every public school. A qualitative investigation was undertaken with the purpose to expose the strategies that help teachers in Nelson Mandela Schools (NMS). The study was undertaken in two schools that are in the reading program under the Nelson Mandela Institute (NMI) . The schools were conveniently sampled as the researcher is in one of the schools, so as to obtain easy access. The principals of the two schools and the Foundation Phase teachers were identified as the participants since the program is focusing mainly in the phase. Qualitative data were collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The outcomes pointed out that parental involvement in their children’s learning is seen as a major contributing factor in learners reading and writing efficiency. The well resourced classrooms and well equipped teachers are also contributing. , Thesis (MMED) -- Faculty of Educational Sciences, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
An RTSP proxy for implementing the IPTV media function using a streaming server
- Shibeshi, Zelalem S, Terzoli, Alfredo, Bradshaw, Karen L
- Authors: Shibeshi, Zelalem S , Terzoli, Alfredo , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429136 , vital:72562 , https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/view/383
- Description: Multimedia content delivery in IMS, including IPTV, is handled by a separate unit, the Media Function (MF), made up of media control and media delivery units, which in the case of IPTV are the Media Control Function (MCF) and Media Delivery Function (MDF), respectively. According to the different specifications of an IMS based IPTV architecture, the User Equipment (UE) is expected to use the RTSP protocol as a media control protocol to interact with the MCF, and obtains delivery of media from the MDF using the RTP protocol. This also means that the streaming session needs to be initiated from the media controller on behalf of the user but the delivery of media is sent to the UE from the media deliverer (media server). Due both to the lack of free and open source Media Servers and the availability of free and open source Streaming Servers, the ideal choice for the delivery of multimedia services, including IPTV, by the research community is Streaming Servers. Nevertheless, because of denial of service attacks and other issues, most streaming servers do not allow a different location for the session setup request and the delivery of media in the streaming session. In other words, most streaming servers are not designed to be controlled by some other entity other than the RTSP client that consumes the media. This makes it difficult to have a separate media control unit for IPTV service in IMS if one wanted to use a streaming server as an MDF unit. So, while waiting for streaming servers to work in this manner, it is better to find a work around in order to use streaming servers to develop and test IPTV services in IMS environments. For this purpose we propose another component (an RTSP proxy and relay unit) as part of the IPTV MF and to mediate between the MCF and MDF. This unit correctly relays media control commands from the MCF to the MDF and RTP packets from the MDF to the UE. It also helps in the implementation of other streaming functionalities that are required for IPTV service delivery, but which are not implemented in the current open source streaming servers. Additional services can also be easily implemented with the help of this unit. This will facilitate the development of an IPTV service using readily available open source streaming servers and help researchers to evaluate their proposals on new services they would like to develop. In this paper we show how this RTSP proxy unit can be integrated into the Media Function of the IPTV architecture to ease the media delivery process of an IMS based IPTV service.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Shibeshi, Zelalem S , Terzoli, Alfredo , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429136 , vital:72562 , https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/view/383
- Description: Multimedia content delivery in IMS, including IPTV, is handled by a separate unit, the Media Function (MF), made up of media control and media delivery units, which in the case of IPTV are the Media Control Function (MCF) and Media Delivery Function (MDF), respectively. According to the different specifications of an IMS based IPTV architecture, the User Equipment (UE) is expected to use the RTSP protocol as a media control protocol to interact with the MCF, and obtains delivery of media from the MDF using the RTP protocol. This also means that the streaming session needs to be initiated from the media controller on behalf of the user but the delivery of media is sent to the UE from the media deliverer (media server). Due both to the lack of free and open source Media Servers and the availability of free and open source Streaming Servers, the ideal choice for the delivery of multimedia services, including IPTV, by the research community is Streaming Servers. Nevertheless, because of denial of service attacks and other issues, most streaming servers do not allow a different location for the session setup request and the delivery of media in the streaming session. In other words, most streaming servers are not designed to be controlled by some other entity other than the RTSP client that consumes the media. This makes it difficult to have a separate media control unit for IPTV service in IMS if one wanted to use a streaming server as an MDF unit. So, while waiting for streaming servers to work in this manner, it is better to find a work around in order to use streaming servers to develop and test IPTV services in IMS environments. For this purpose we propose another component (an RTSP proxy and relay unit) as part of the IPTV MF and to mediate between the MCF and MDF. This unit correctly relays media control commands from the MCF to the MDF and RTP packets from the MDF to the UE. It also helps in the implementation of other streaming functionalities that are required for IPTV service delivery, but which are not implemented in the current open source streaming servers. Additional services can also be easily implemented with the help of this unit. This will facilitate the development of an IPTV service using readily available open source streaming servers and help researchers to evaluate their proposals on new services they would like to develop. In this paper we show how this RTSP proxy unit can be integrated into the Media Function of the IPTV architecture to ease the media delivery process of an IMS based IPTV service.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Anatomy of a pottery bonfiring in the Port St Johns region, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Steele, John
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1034 , vital:30232
- Description: This paper seeks to document and contextualise the unique bonfiring methods of octogenarian potter Alice Gqa Nongebeza, who works from her homestead at Nkonxeni village in the Tombo area near Port St Johns. Her firing technique is compared with those of fellow local potters Debora Nomathamsanqa Ntloya and Nontwazana Dunjana. These three Mpondo potters, and their understudies, create ceramic utilityware and other items for a mainly local market that sometimes also appeals to collectors and tourists. Although they are aware of each other, they use their own clay sources and clayworking methods, and have evolved very different firing techniques. This paper, with reference also to potters in KwaZulu-Natal, shows that Nongebeza, in particular, has developed a rare approach to firing, and calls for the inclusion of her type of firing technique in African firing lexicons. It also calls for greater attention to sequential firing detail as practised by individual potters, in forthcoming reports that add to knowledge about zeroelectricity- usage ceramics production in southern Africa, and elsewhere.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Steele, John
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1034 , vital:30232
- Description: This paper seeks to document and contextualise the unique bonfiring methods of octogenarian potter Alice Gqa Nongebeza, who works from her homestead at Nkonxeni village in the Tombo area near Port St Johns. Her firing technique is compared with those of fellow local potters Debora Nomathamsanqa Ntloya and Nontwazana Dunjana. These three Mpondo potters, and their understudies, create ceramic utilityware and other items for a mainly local market that sometimes also appeals to collectors and tourists. Although they are aware of each other, they use their own clay sources and clayworking methods, and have evolved very different firing techniques. This paper, with reference also to potters in KwaZulu-Natal, shows that Nongebeza, in particular, has developed a rare approach to firing, and calls for the inclusion of her type of firing technique in African firing lexicons. It also calls for greater attention to sequential firing detail as practised by individual potters, in forthcoming reports that add to knowledge about zeroelectricity- usage ceramics production in southern Africa, and elsewhere.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Are arts events a good way of augmenting the economic impact of sport?: The case of the 2010 FIFA world cup and the national arts festival in South Africa
- Authors: Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71430 , vital:29848 , https://econrsa.org/system/files/publications/working_papers/wp294.pdf
- Description: Despite the debate about whether arts consumers are also sports consumers, many countries have used cultural events to leverage further tourism spending from sports events, the most famous example being the cultural Olympics. This paper reports the findings of research conducted at the 2010 South African National Arts Festival, which was specifically timed to coincide with SoccerWorld Cup matches being played in a nearby city. Of the 600 interviews conducted with Festival-goers, only 23% reported also attending World Cup soccer matches. Regression analysis revealed that, while there is some overlap between arts and sports attendees, their demographics and consumption habits are significantly different. However, consumption outside of major events showed somewhat more overlap. This suggests that staging cultural events at the same time as major sporting events is not an ideal strategy, since they tend to compete with, rather than complement, each other.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71430 , vital:29848 , https://econrsa.org/system/files/publications/working_papers/wp294.pdf
- Description: Despite the debate about whether arts consumers are also sports consumers, many countries have used cultural events to leverage further tourism spending from sports events, the most famous example being the cultural Olympics. This paper reports the findings of research conducted at the 2010 South African National Arts Festival, which was specifically timed to coincide with SoccerWorld Cup matches being played in a nearby city. Of the 600 interviews conducted with Festival-goers, only 23% reported also attending World Cup soccer matches. Regression analysis revealed that, while there is some overlap between arts and sports attendees, their demographics and consumption habits are significantly different. However, consumption outside of major events showed somewhat more overlap. This suggests that staging cultural events at the same time as major sporting events is not an ideal strategy, since they tend to compete with, rather than complement, each other.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Bridging and enriching top-down and participatory learning: The case of smallholder, organic conservation agriculture farmers in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Mukute, Mutizwa
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432967 , vital:72919 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122261"
- Description: This article discusses the combined use of top-down and participatory learning approaches during the course of a 42-month organic conservation agriculture project that is being implemented in eight districts of Mashonaland East Province in Zimbabwe. The initial 18-month project was extended by a further 24 months in order to build on what had been achieved by deepening organic conservation agriculture practices, by increasing the understanding of, and access to, markets, and by expanding farmer agency. The top-down approach involves farmer representatives, known as ‘access farmers’ in the project, undergoing training at training centres and then returning to their respective farmer associations to train other farmers in what they have learnt. Participatory learning includes farmer-to-farmer learning within and among associations, and trainers learning from, and acting on, farmer experiences. Expansive learning, which combines, and goes beyond, both approaches and allows for joint learning, innovation and agency, has been used to support the associations to learn about, practise and benefit from organic conservation agriculture. This was stimulated by change laboratory workshops being conducted with each of the 32 farmer associations formed during the first 18 months of the project. The main argument in the present article is that combining these seemingly opposite approaches to learning is feasible and is essential for accelerating practice-oriented changes in agriculture. The concept that appears to enable this linkage is dialectics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Mukute, Mutizwa
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432967 , vital:72919 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122261"
- Description: This article discusses the combined use of top-down and participatory learning approaches during the course of a 42-month organic conservation agriculture project that is being implemented in eight districts of Mashonaland East Province in Zimbabwe. The initial 18-month project was extended by a further 24 months in order to build on what had been achieved by deepening organic conservation agriculture practices, by increasing the understanding of, and access to, markets, and by expanding farmer agency. The top-down approach involves farmer representatives, known as ‘access farmers’ in the project, undergoing training at training centres and then returning to their respective farmer associations to train other farmers in what they have learnt. Participatory learning includes farmer-to-farmer learning within and among associations, and trainers learning from, and acting on, farmer experiences. Expansive learning, which combines, and goes beyond, both approaches and allows for joint learning, innovation and agency, has been used to support the associations to learn about, practise and benefit from organic conservation agriculture. This was stimulated by change laboratory workshops being conducted with each of the 32 farmer associations formed during the first 18 months of the project. The main argument in the present article is that combining these seemingly opposite approaches to learning is feasible and is essential for accelerating practice-oriented changes in agriculture. The concept that appears to enable this linkage is dialectics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Building a Graphical Fuzzing Framework
- Zeisberger, Sascha, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Zeisberger, Sascha , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429772 , vital:72638 , https://digifors.cs.up.ac.za/issa/2012/Proceedings/Research/59_ResearchInProgress.pdf
- Description: Fuzz testing is a robustness testing technique that sends malformed data to an application’s input. This is to test an application’s behaviour when presented with input beyond its specification. The main difference between traditional testing techniques and fuzz testing is that in most traditional techniques an application is tested according to a specification and rated on how well the application conforms to that specification. Fuzz testing tests beyond the scope of a specification by intelligently generating values that may be interpreted by an application in an unintended manner. The use of fuzz testing has been more prevalent in academic and security communities despite showing success in production environments. To measure the effectiveness of fuzz testing, an experiment was conducted where several publicly available applications were fuzzed. In some instances, fuzz testing was able to force an application into an invalid state and it was concluded that fuzz testing is a relevant testing technique that could assist in developing more robust applications. This success prompted a further investigation into fuzz testing in order to compile a list of requirements that makes an effective fuzzer. The aforementioned investigation assisted in the design of a fuzz testing framework, the goal of which is to make the process more accessible to users outside of an academic and security environment. Design methodologies and justifications of said framework are discussed, focusing on the graphical user interface components as this aspect of the framework is used to increase the usability of the framework.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Zeisberger, Sascha , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429772 , vital:72638 , https://digifors.cs.up.ac.za/issa/2012/Proceedings/Research/59_ResearchInProgress.pdf
- Description: Fuzz testing is a robustness testing technique that sends malformed data to an application’s input. This is to test an application’s behaviour when presented with input beyond its specification. The main difference between traditional testing techniques and fuzz testing is that in most traditional techniques an application is tested according to a specification and rated on how well the application conforms to that specification. Fuzz testing tests beyond the scope of a specification by intelligently generating values that may be interpreted by an application in an unintended manner. The use of fuzz testing has been more prevalent in academic and security communities despite showing success in production environments. To measure the effectiveness of fuzz testing, an experiment was conducted where several publicly available applications were fuzzed. In some instances, fuzz testing was able to force an application into an invalid state and it was concluded that fuzz testing is a relevant testing technique that could assist in developing more robust applications. This success prompted a further investigation into fuzz testing in order to compile a list of requirements that makes an effective fuzzer. The aforementioned investigation assisted in the design of a fuzz testing framework, the goal of which is to make the process more accessible to users outside of an academic and security environment. Design methodologies and justifications of said framework are discussed, focusing on the graphical user interface components as this aspect of the framework is used to increase the usability of the framework.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Can contracts be both plain and precise?
- Siebörger, Ian, Adendorff, Ralph D
- Authors: Siebörger, Ian , Adendorff, Ralph D
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123299 , vital:35425 , https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2011.651944
- Description: One argument against the use of plain language in legal documents is that it is impossible to convey legal meanings in plain language with the same precision as in specialist legal discourse (Hunt, 2003). We tested this claim by redrafting an extract from a lease agreement into plain English in three stages, producing three versions of the extract in progressively plainer English. We submitted these with the original lease agreement to a senior advocate to elicit his opinion on whether the plain-language versions of the extract are equivalent to the original in legal force. Various differences between the versions are analysed using lexical semantics and Systemic Functional Grammar (as described in Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004). This analysis reveals that the redrafted versions could easily be altered to eliminate the difference between them and the original extract, and that ‘plain language’ as conceived by redrafters of official documents may be easy for non-experts to read, but more difficult for experts. This demonstrates that a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach to readability is often not tenable, and that plain-language activists can learn much from research (such as Street, 1993) which asserts the existence of a plurality of literacies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Siebörger, Ian , Adendorff, Ralph D
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123299 , vital:35425 , https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2011.651944
- Description: One argument against the use of plain language in legal documents is that it is impossible to convey legal meanings in plain language with the same precision as in specialist legal discourse (Hunt, 2003). We tested this claim by redrafting an extract from a lease agreement into plain English in three stages, producing three versions of the extract in progressively plainer English. We submitted these with the original lease agreement to a senior advocate to elicit his opinion on whether the plain-language versions of the extract are equivalent to the original in legal force. Various differences between the versions are analysed using lexical semantics and Systemic Functional Grammar (as described in Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004). This analysis reveals that the redrafted versions could easily be altered to eliminate the difference between them and the original extract, and that ‘plain language’ as conceived by redrafters of official documents may be easy for non-experts to read, but more difficult for experts. This demonstrates that a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach to readability is often not tenable, and that plain-language activists can learn much from research (such as Street, 1993) which asserts the existence of a plurality of literacies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Capturefoundry: a gpu accelerated packet capture analysis tool
- Nottingham, Alastair, Richter, John, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Nottingham, Alastair , Richter, John , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430112 , vital:72666 , https://doi.org/10.1145/2389836.2389877
- Description: Packet captures are used to support a variety of tasks, including network administration, fault diagnosis and security and network related research. Despite their usefulness, processing packet capture files is a slow and tedious process that impedes the analysis of large, long-term captures. This paper discusses the primary components and observed performance of CaptureFoundry, a stand-alone capture analysis support tool designed to quickly map, filter and extract packets from large capture files using a combination of indexing techniques and GPU accelerated packet classification. All results are persistent, and may be used to rapidly extract small pre-filtered captures on demand that may be analysed quickly in existing capture analysis applications. Performance results show that CaptureFoundry is capable of generating multiple indexes and classification results for large captures at hundreds of megabytes per second, with minimal CPU and memory overhead and only minor additional storage space requirements.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Nottingham, Alastair , Richter, John , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430112 , vital:72666 , https://doi.org/10.1145/2389836.2389877
- Description: Packet captures are used to support a variety of tasks, including network administration, fault diagnosis and security and network related research. Despite their usefulness, processing packet capture files is a slow and tedious process that impedes the analysis of large, long-term captures. This paper discusses the primary components and observed performance of CaptureFoundry, a stand-alone capture analysis support tool designed to quickly map, filter and extract packets from large capture files using a combination of indexing techniques and GPU accelerated packet classification. All results are persistent, and may be used to rapidly extract small pre-filtered captures on demand that may be analysed quickly in existing capture analysis applications. Performance results show that CaptureFoundry is capable of generating multiple indexes and classification results for large captures at hundreds of megabytes per second, with minimal CPU and memory overhead and only minor additional storage space requirements.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome in health transition and evidence-based medicine: a perspective from Africa
- Authors: Longo-Mbenza, B
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular systems -- Diseases -- Treatment
- Language: English
- Type: text , Lectures
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1078 , vital:30578
- Description: The Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) pandemic worldwide presents a true challenge today with a high health burden that is only expected to rise. I address the causes and prevention of CVD, as well as CVD rehabilitation and physiology. As a member of the American Heart Association and European Society of cardiology, I practice under the level of evidence and the strength of recommendation of particular treatment options, as outlined in the tables below.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Longo-Mbenza, B
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular systems -- Diseases -- Treatment
- Language: English
- Type: text , Lectures
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1078 , vital:30578
- Description: The Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) pandemic worldwide presents a true challenge today with a high health burden that is only expected to rise. I address the causes and prevention of CVD, as well as CVD rehabilitation and physiology. As a member of the American Heart Association and European Society of cardiology, I practice under the level of evidence and the strength of recommendation of particular treatment options, as outlined in the tables below.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
CdTe quantum dots functionalized with 4-amino-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxide as luminescent nanoprobe for the sensitive recognition of bromide ion
- Adegoke, Oluwasesan, Hosten, Eric, McCleland, Cedric, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Hosten, Eric , McCleland, Cedric , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/244393 , vital:51253 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.040"
- Description: A novel bromide ion-selective modified nanoprobe sensor based on 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxide (4AT)-functionalized CdTe quantum dots (QDs-4AT) has been developed. Fluorescence quenching of the QDs by 4AT was observed. The functionalized QDs-4AT nanoprobe allowed a highly sensitive determination of bromide ion via analyte-induced change in the photoluminescence (fluorescence recovery) of the modified QDs. A detection limit of 0.6 nM of bromide ion was obtained, while the interfering effect of other inorganic cations and anions was investigated to examine the selectivity of the nanoprobe. The linear range was between 0.01 and 0.13 μM. Combined fluorescence lifetime and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements confirmed electron transfer processes between bromide ion and QDs-4AT.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Hosten, Eric , McCleland, Cedric , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/244393 , vital:51253 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.040"
- Description: A novel bromide ion-selective modified nanoprobe sensor based on 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxide (4AT)-functionalized CdTe quantum dots (QDs-4AT) has been developed. Fluorescence quenching of the QDs by 4AT was observed. The functionalized QDs-4AT nanoprobe allowed a highly sensitive determination of bromide ion via analyte-induced change in the photoluminescence (fluorescence recovery) of the modified QDs. A detection limit of 0.6 nM of bromide ion was obtained, while the interfering effect of other inorganic cations and anions was investigated to examine the selectivity of the nanoprobe. The linear range was between 0.01 and 0.13 μM. Combined fluorescence lifetime and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements confirmed electron transfer processes between bromide ion and QDs-4AT.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Challenges experienced in the first year of implementation of a teaching and learning virtual partnership at the University of Namibia
- Mufeti, K, Foster, Greg, Terzoli, Alfredo
- Authors: Mufeti, K , Foster, Greg , Terzoli, Alfredo
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431234 , vital:72756 , https://rcetj.org/index.php/rcetj/article/view/178
- Description: Advances in information and communication technologies are enabling higher educa-tion institutions to build virtual partnerships with other institutions. Virtual partner-ships are defined here as collaborations between geographically dispersed institutions, where interaction between these institutions is enabled mainly by electronic modes of communication. This article reports on the participants’ experiences of the implemen-tation of one such partnership from the perspective of a partner in a developing con-text. It uses the SANTED Virtual Classroom Project (VCP), a virtual partnership initia-tive between the Departments of Computer Science at the University of Namibia (UNAM) and Rhodes University (RU), as a case study. In the VCP, the department at RU was tasked with building teaching and human resource capacity in the department at UNAM. The article focuses on the challenges experienced at UNAM during the first year of implementation of the VCP and lessons learned.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Mufeti, K , Foster, Greg , Terzoli, Alfredo
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431234 , vital:72756 , https://rcetj.org/index.php/rcetj/article/view/178
- Description: Advances in information and communication technologies are enabling higher educa-tion institutions to build virtual partnerships with other institutions. Virtual partner-ships are defined here as collaborations between geographically dispersed institutions, where interaction between these institutions is enabled mainly by electronic modes of communication. This article reports on the participants’ experiences of the implemen-tation of one such partnership from the perspective of a partner in a developing con-text. It uses the SANTED Virtual Classroom Project (VCP), a virtual partnership initia-tive between the Departments of Computer Science at the University of Namibia (UNAM) and Rhodes University (RU), as a case study. In the VCP, the department at RU was tasked with building teaching and human resource capacity in the department at UNAM. The article focuses on the challenges experienced at UNAM during the first year of implementation of the VCP and lessons learned.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Characterization of 2,(3)-tetra-(4-oxo-benzamide) phthalocyaninato cobalt (II)—single walled carbon nanotube conjugate platforms and their use in electrocatalysis of amitrole
- Mugadza, Tawanda, Arslanoğlu, Yasin, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Mugadza, Tawanda , Arslanoğlu, Yasin , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/244382 , vital:51252 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.02.041"
- Description: In this paper we report on the use of carboxylic acid functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in the synthesis of 2,(3)-tetra-(4-oxo-benzamide)phthalocyaninato cobalt (II)–single walled carbon nanotube conjugates (CoTOBPc–SWCNT), their characterization and application in the electrocatalytic oxidation of amitrole. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used for the detection of amitrole on the modified glassy carbon electrode. The catalytic rate constant was 1.6 × 103 M−1 s−1 and the apparent electron rate transfer constant was 1.5 × 10−5 cm s−1. The linear dynamic range was 1.0 × 10−6–3.0 × 10−5 M, with a sensitivity of ∼1.13 A mol−1 L cm−2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Mugadza, Tawanda , Arslanoğlu, Yasin , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/244382 , vital:51252 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.02.041"
- Description: In this paper we report on the use of carboxylic acid functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in the synthesis of 2,(3)-tetra-(4-oxo-benzamide)phthalocyaninato cobalt (II)–single walled carbon nanotube conjugates (CoTOBPc–SWCNT), their characterization and application in the electrocatalytic oxidation of amitrole. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used for the detection of amitrole on the modified glassy carbon electrode. The catalytic rate constant was 1.6 × 103 M−1 s−1 and the apparent electron rate transfer constant was 1.5 × 10−5 cm s−1. The linear dynamic range was 1.0 × 10−6–3.0 × 10−5 M, with a sensitivity of ∼1.13 A mol−1 L cm−2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Chieftainship succession and gender equality in Lesotho: negotiating the right to equality in a jungle of pluralism
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127067 , vital:35951 , https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/tjwl22amp;div=11amp;g_sent=1amp;casa_token=amp;collection=journals
- Description: Women constitute about 51% of Lesotho's population 1 and enjoy a higher literacy rate than men. 2 They are also the backbone of a society that for several hundreds of years provided male labor to South Africa's farms and gold mines.3 However, Basotho women are generally excluded from mainstream politics and are discriminated against in almost all spheres of socioeconomic life. This exclusion, marginalization, and discrimination have been largely blamed on patriarchy and entrenched traditional norms, both of which are sustained by a plural legal system that has seemingly remained insular to developments around the globe. 4
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127067 , vital:35951 , https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/tjwl22amp;div=11amp;g_sent=1amp;casa_token=amp;collection=journals
- Description: Women constitute about 51% of Lesotho's population 1 and enjoy a higher literacy rate than men. 2 They are also the backbone of a society that for several hundreds of years provided male labor to South Africa's farms and gold mines.3 However, Basotho women are generally excluded from mainstream politics and are discriminated against in almost all spheres of socioeconomic life. This exclusion, marginalization, and discrimination have been largely blamed on patriarchy and entrenched traditional norms, both of which are sustained by a plural legal system that has seemingly remained insular to developments around the globe. 4
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
China-Africa relations: research approaches
- Authors: Simbao, Ruth K
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147503 , vital:38644 , https://doi.org/10.1162/afar.2012.45.2.1
- Description: About to board a plane in Johannesburg, I handed my temporary boarding pass to the flight attendant who exclaimed,“Simbao, you have a fong kong boarding pass!” Fong kong is a slang term used in South Africa meaning fake, cheap, or low quality and is often associated with Chinese imports. In this case, the term was used to refer to a temporary pass issued earlier on my journey that needed to be replaced with a new boarding pass in Johannesburg.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Simbao, Ruth K
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147503 , vital:38644 , https://doi.org/10.1162/afar.2012.45.2.1
- Description: About to board a plane in Johannesburg, I handed my temporary boarding pass to the flight attendant who exclaimed,“Simbao, you have a fong kong boarding pass!” Fong kong is a slang term used in South Africa meaning fake, cheap, or low quality and is often associated with Chinese imports. In this case, the term was used to refer to a temporary pass issued earlier on my journey that needed to be replaced with a new boarding pass in Johannesburg.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Civil society and state-centred struggles
- Authors: Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71231 , vital:29821 , https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2012.641723
- Description: This article is about civil society and state-centred struggles in contemporary Zimbabwe. I first identify and outline three current understandings of civil society. Two understandings (one Liberal, one Radical) are state-centric and exist firmly within the logic of state discourses and state politics. A third understanding, also Radical, is society-centric and speaks about politics existing at a distance from the state and possibly beyond the boundaries of civil society. This civil society-state discussion frames the second section of the article, which looks specifically at Zimbabwe. It details civil society as contested terrain (from the late 1990s onwards) within the context of a scholarly debate about agrarian transformation and political change. This debate, which reproduces (in theoretical garb) the key political society (or party) fault-lines within Zimbabwean society, has taken place primarily within the restricted confines of state-centred discourses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71231 , vital:29821 , https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2012.641723
- Description: This article is about civil society and state-centred struggles in contemporary Zimbabwe. I first identify and outline three current understandings of civil society. Two understandings (one Liberal, one Radical) are state-centric and exist firmly within the logic of state discourses and state politics. A third understanding, also Radical, is society-centric and speaks about politics existing at a distance from the state and possibly beyond the boundaries of civil society. This civil society-state discussion frames the second section of the article, which looks specifically at Zimbabwe. It details civil society as contested terrain (from the late 1990s onwards) within the context of a scholarly debate about agrarian transformation and political change. This debate, which reproduces (in theoretical garb) the key political society (or party) fault-lines within Zimbabwean society, has taken place primarily within the restricted confines of state-centred discourses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Comparison of carbon screen-printed and disk electrodes in the detection of antioxidants using CoPc derivatives
- Matemadombo, Fungisai, Apetrei, Constantin, Nyokong, Tebello, Rodríguez-Méndez, María Luz, de Saja, José Antonio
- Authors: Matemadombo, Fungisai , Apetrei, Constantin , Nyokong, Tebello , Rodríguez-Méndez, María Luz , de Saja, José Antonio
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/244371 , vital:51251 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.02.088"
- Description: Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) and cobalt phthalocyanine carboxylic derivatives (CoTCPc and CoOCPc) have been used as electrocatalysts for the detection of the antioxidants vanillic acid, caffeic acid, pyrogallol, and ascorbic acid on screen-printed carbon and disk electrode surfaces. The cobalt phthalocyanines were used to detect vanillic acid (with limit of detection ranging from 1.15 μM to 2.42 μM at potentials of 0.55–0.88 V vs. Ag|AgCl), caffeic acid (with limit of detection ranging from 1.17 μM to 2.20 μM at potentials of 0.30–0.81 V vs. Ag|AgCl), pyrogallol (with limit of detection ranging from 1.16 μM to 3.63 μM at potentials of 0.52–0.63 V vs. Ag|AgCl), and ascorbic acid (with limit of detection ranging from 1.16 μM to 1.58 μM at potentials of 0.34–0.46 V vs. Ag|AgCl). The kinetic studies also demonstrate diffusion-controlled processes at the electrode surface. The SPCE electrodes have better detection properties towards vanillic acid, caffeic acid, pyrogallol while the disk electrodes had better ascorbic acid detection properties as proven by kinetic studies. Both types CoPc-influenced electrodes show 100% discrimination of the antioxidants.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Matemadombo, Fungisai , Apetrei, Constantin , Nyokong, Tebello , Rodríguez-Méndez, María Luz , de Saja, José Antonio
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/244371 , vital:51251 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.02.088"
- Description: Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) and cobalt phthalocyanine carboxylic derivatives (CoTCPc and CoOCPc) have been used as electrocatalysts for the detection of the antioxidants vanillic acid, caffeic acid, pyrogallol, and ascorbic acid on screen-printed carbon and disk electrode surfaces. The cobalt phthalocyanines were used to detect vanillic acid (with limit of detection ranging from 1.15 μM to 2.42 μM at potentials of 0.55–0.88 V vs. Ag|AgCl), caffeic acid (with limit of detection ranging from 1.17 μM to 2.20 μM at potentials of 0.30–0.81 V vs. Ag|AgCl), pyrogallol (with limit of detection ranging from 1.16 μM to 3.63 μM at potentials of 0.52–0.63 V vs. Ag|AgCl), and ascorbic acid (with limit of detection ranging from 1.16 μM to 1.58 μM at potentials of 0.34–0.46 V vs. Ag|AgCl). The kinetic studies also demonstrate diffusion-controlled processes at the electrode surface. The SPCE electrodes have better detection properties towards vanillic acid, caffeic acid, pyrogallol while the disk electrodes had better ascorbic acid detection properties as proven by kinetic studies. Both types CoPc-influenced electrodes show 100% discrimination of the antioxidants.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012