A chiral hemiporphyrazine derivative
- Wu, Yanping, Gai, Lizhi, Xiao, Xuqiong, Lu, Hua, Li, Zhifang, Mack, John, Harris, Jessica, Nyokong, Tebello, Shen, Zhen
- Authors: Wu, Yanping , Gai, Lizhi , Xiao, Xuqiong , Lu, Hua , Li, Zhifang , Mack, John , Harris, Jessica , Nyokong, Tebello , Shen, Zhen
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/240404 , vital:50831 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201600754"
- Description: The synthesis of an optically active hemiporphyrazine with chiral binaphthyl substituents (1) is reported, providing the first example of the incorporation of an intrinsically chiral moiety into the macrocyclic core of a hemiporphyrazine analogue. A negative circular dichroism (CD) signal is observed in the 325–450 nm region of the CD spectrum of (S,S)-1, while mainly positive bands are observed in the 220–325 nm region. Mirror symmetry is observed across the entire wavelength range of the CD spectra of (R,R)-1 and (S,S)-1. An irreversible one-electron oxidation wave with an onset potential at 1.07 V is observed by cyclic voltammetry, along with a reversible one-electron reduction wave at −0.85 V. Density functional calculations reproduce the experimentally observed data and trends, and provide further insight into the nature of the electronic transitions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Wu, Yanping , Gai, Lizhi , Xiao, Xuqiong , Lu, Hua , Li, Zhifang , Mack, John , Harris, Jessica , Nyokong, Tebello , Shen, Zhen
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/240404 , vital:50831 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201600754"
- Description: The synthesis of an optically active hemiporphyrazine with chiral binaphthyl substituents (1) is reported, providing the first example of the incorporation of an intrinsically chiral moiety into the macrocyclic core of a hemiporphyrazine analogue. A negative circular dichroism (CD) signal is observed in the 325–450 nm region of the CD spectrum of (S,S)-1, while mainly positive bands are observed in the 220–325 nm region. Mirror symmetry is observed across the entire wavelength range of the CD spectra of (R,R)-1 and (S,S)-1. An irreversible one-electron oxidation wave with an onset potential at 1.07 V is observed by cyclic voltammetry, along with a reversible one-electron reduction wave at −0.85 V. Density functional calculations reproduce the experimentally observed data and trends, and provide further insight into the nature of the electronic transitions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
A comparative physicochemical study of unsymmetrical indium phthalocyanines in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles or quantum dots
- Osifeko, Olawale L, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Osifeko, Olawale L , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188743 , vital:44781 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2016.1152628"
- Description: Asymmetric indium phthalocyanine (3, containing an NH2 group) was conjugated (via an amide bond) to magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) functionalized with carboxylic acid or glutathione-capped CdTe/ZnSe/ZnO quantum dots to form 3-MNPs or 3-QDs. Techniques such as time-resolved fluorescence measurements, transmission electron microscopy, XPS, elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR (1H, 13C, and cozy), electronic spectroscopy, as well as mass spectroscopy were employed to characterize 3 and its nanoconjugates. The phthalocyanine conjugated to quantum dot (3-QDs) possesses the lowest Фpd higher Ф∆ and ФT as well as longer triplet lifetimes compares to 3-MNPs and free phthalocyanine.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Osifeko, Olawale L , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188743 , vital:44781 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2016.1152628"
- Description: Asymmetric indium phthalocyanine (3, containing an NH2 group) was conjugated (via an amide bond) to magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) functionalized with carboxylic acid or glutathione-capped CdTe/ZnSe/ZnO quantum dots to form 3-MNPs or 3-QDs. Techniques such as time-resolved fluorescence measurements, transmission electron microscopy, XPS, elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR (1H, 13C, and cozy), electronic spectroscopy, as well as mass spectroscopy were employed to characterize 3 and its nanoconjugates. The phthalocyanine conjugated to quantum dot (3-QDs) possesses the lowest Фpd higher Ф∆ and ФT as well as longer triplet lifetimes compares to 3-MNPs and free phthalocyanine.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
A Geopolitics of knowledge and the value of discomfort:
- Authors: Simbao, Ruth K
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146444 , vital:38526 , https://www.ru.ac.za/fineart/latestnews/alutacontinuadoingitfordaddytenyearson.html
- Description: In 2006, the short essay ‘Doing it for Daddy’ by visual artist Sharlene Khan caused controversy when it expressed the opinion that since 1994, ‘transformation’ in the visual arts field in South Africa seemed to have halted at the point of White women replacing White men in positions of power. It questioned this new position of dominance in institutions that remained colonially and racially untransformed. On the 16 and 17th of September 2016, the School of Fine Art at Rhodes University will host a one-day symposium ‘A luta Continua: Doing it for Daddy - Ten years on…’ which seeks to both commemorate that article and those who ‘speak up’, but also, fundamentally, to continue looking at the ways in which various social oppressions intersect in the fields of art history and visual arts in South Africa. Presenters include Khwezi Gule, Nontobeko Ntombela, Nomusa Makhubu, Same Mdluli, Fouad Asfour, Ruth Simbao, Sharlene Khan, students from Wits School of Arts and Rhodes Art History and Visual Culture, as well as a performance by visual artist Sikhumbuzo Makandula.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Simbao, Ruth K
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146444 , vital:38526 , https://www.ru.ac.za/fineart/latestnews/alutacontinuadoingitfordaddytenyearson.html
- Description: In 2006, the short essay ‘Doing it for Daddy’ by visual artist Sharlene Khan caused controversy when it expressed the opinion that since 1994, ‘transformation’ in the visual arts field in South Africa seemed to have halted at the point of White women replacing White men in positions of power. It questioned this new position of dominance in institutions that remained colonially and racially untransformed. On the 16 and 17th of September 2016, the School of Fine Art at Rhodes University will host a one-day symposium ‘A luta Continua: Doing it for Daddy - Ten years on…’ which seeks to both commemorate that article and those who ‘speak up’, but also, fundamentally, to continue looking at the ways in which various social oppressions intersect in the fields of art history and visual arts in South Africa. Presenters include Khwezi Gule, Nontobeko Ntombela, Nomusa Makhubu, Same Mdluli, Fouad Asfour, Ruth Simbao, Sharlene Khan, students from Wits School of Arts and Rhodes Art History and Visual Culture, as well as a performance by visual artist Sikhumbuzo Makandula.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
A multi-threading approach to secure VERIFYPIN
- Frieslaar, Ibraheem, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Frieslaar, Ibraheem , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429244 , vital:72570 , https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7802952
- Description: This research investigates the use of a multi-threaded framework as a software countermeasure mechanism to prevent attacks on the verifypin process in a pin-acceptance program. The implementation comprises of using various mathematical operations along side a pin-acceptance program in a multi-threaded environment. These threads are inserted randomly on each execution of the program to create confusion for the attacker. Moreover, the research proposes a more improved version of the pin-acceptance program by segmenting the pro-gram. The conventional approach is to check each character one at a time. This research takes the verifying process and separates each character check into its individual thread. Furthermore, the order of each verified thread is randomised. This further assists in the obfuscation of the process where the system checks for a correct character. Finally, the research demonstrates it is able to be more secure than the conventional countermeasures of random time delays and insertion of dummy code.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Frieslaar, Ibraheem , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429244 , vital:72570 , https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7802952
- Description: This research investigates the use of a multi-threaded framework as a software countermeasure mechanism to prevent attacks on the verifypin process in a pin-acceptance program. The implementation comprises of using various mathematical operations along side a pin-acceptance program in a multi-threaded environment. These threads are inserted randomly on each execution of the program to create confusion for the attacker. Moreover, the research proposes a more improved version of the pin-acceptance program by segmenting the pro-gram. The conventional approach is to check each character one at a time. This research takes the verifying process and separates each character check into its individual thread. Furthermore, the order of each verified thread is randomised. This further assists in the obfuscation of the process where the system checks for a correct character. Finally, the research demonstrates it is able to be more secure than the conventional countermeasures of random time delays and insertion of dummy code.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
A River of Blood Flows: Lerato Shadi’s ‘Noka Ya Bokamoso’
- Authors: Makandula, Sikhumbuzo
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147258 , vital:38609 , https://artthrob.co.za/2016/07/13/a-river-of-blood-flows-lerato-shadis-noka-ya-bokamoso/
- Description: The title of Lerato Shadi’s show, ‘Noka Ya Bokamoso,’ which opened at National Arts Festival in Grahamstown, translates from Setswana to ‘a river of tomorrow.’ In the Albany gallery you encounter Shadi performing Mosako Wa Nako. She sits silently crocheting a ball of red wool into a scroll which unfurls with indecipherable writing. Shadi’s isolation from the rest of the artworks on the exhibition draws you closer, emphasising the rhythmic movement of her hands.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Makandula, Sikhumbuzo
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147258 , vital:38609 , https://artthrob.co.za/2016/07/13/a-river-of-blood-flows-lerato-shadis-noka-ya-bokamoso/
- Description: The title of Lerato Shadi’s show, ‘Noka Ya Bokamoso,’ which opened at National Arts Festival in Grahamstown, translates from Setswana to ‘a river of tomorrow.’ In the Albany gallery you encounter Shadi performing Mosako Wa Nako. She sits silently crocheting a ball of red wool into a scroll which unfurls with indecipherable writing. Shadi’s isolation from the rest of the artworks on the exhibition draws you closer, emphasising the rhythmic movement of her hands.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
A sharing platform for Indicators of Compromise
- Rudman, Lauren, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Rudman, Lauren , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427831 , vital:72465 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Ir-win/publication/327622961_A_sharing_platform_for_Indicators_of_Compromise/links/5b9a1ad1a6fdcc59bf8dfe51/A-sharing-platform-for-Indicators-of-Compromise.pdf
- Description: In this paper, we will describe the functionality of a proof of concept sharing platform for sharing cyber threat information. Information is shared in the Structured Threat Information eXpression (STIX) language displayed in HTML. We focus on the sharing of network Indicators of Compromise generated by malware samples. Our work is motivated by the need to provide a platform for exchanging comprehensive network level Indicators. Accordingly we demonstrate the functionality of our proof of concept project. We will discuss how to use some functions of the platform, such as sharing STIX Indicators, navigating around and downloading defense mechanisims. It will be shown how threat information can be converted into different formats to allow them to be used in firewall and Intrusion Detection System (IDS) rules. This is an extension to the sharing platform and makes the creation of network level defense mechanisms efficient. Two API functions of the platform will be successfully tested and are useful because this can allow for the bulk sharing and of threat information.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Rudman, Lauren , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427831 , vital:72465 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Ir-win/publication/327622961_A_sharing_platform_for_Indicators_of_Compromise/links/5b9a1ad1a6fdcc59bf8dfe51/A-sharing-platform-for-Indicators-of-Compromise.pdf
- Description: In this paper, we will describe the functionality of a proof of concept sharing platform for sharing cyber threat information. Information is shared in the Structured Threat Information eXpression (STIX) language displayed in HTML. We focus on the sharing of network Indicators of Compromise generated by malware samples. Our work is motivated by the need to provide a platform for exchanging comprehensive network level Indicators. Accordingly we demonstrate the functionality of our proof of concept project. We will discuss how to use some functions of the platform, such as sharing STIX Indicators, navigating around and downloading defense mechanisims. It will be shown how threat information can be converted into different formats to allow them to be used in firewall and Intrusion Detection System (IDS) rules. This is an extension to the sharing platform and makes the creation of network level defense mechanisms efficient. Two API functions of the platform will be successfully tested and are useful because this can allow for the bulk sharing and of threat information.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Academic literacy and the decontextualised learner
- Boughey, Chrissie, McKenna, Sioux
- Authors: Boughey, Chrissie , McKenna, Sioux
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/64651 , vital:28585 , http://www.DOI:10.14426/cristal.v4i2.80
- Description: The literacy practices that are valued in the university emerge from specific disciplinary histories yet students are often expected to master these as if they were common sense and natural. This article argues that the autonomous model of literacy, which sees language use as the application of a set of neutral skills, continues to dominate in South African universities. This model denies the extent to which taking on disciplinary literacy practices can be difficult and have implications for identity. It also allows disciplinary norms to remain largely opaque and beyond critique. Furthermore, the autonomous model of literacy is often coupled with a discourse of the ‘decontextualised learner’ who is divorced from her social context, with higher education success seen to be resting largely upon attributes inherent in, or lacking from, the individual. Sadly, alternative critical social understandings have not been widely taken up despite their being well researched. Indeed, such understandings have often been misappropriated in ways that draw on critical social terminology to offer autonomous, decontextualised, remedial student interventions. We argue that these issues are implicated in students’ accusations that universities are alienating spaces.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Boughey, Chrissie , McKenna, Sioux
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/64651 , vital:28585 , http://www.DOI:10.14426/cristal.v4i2.80
- Description: The literacy practices that are valued in the university emerge from specific disciplinary histories yet students are often expected to master these as if they were common sense and natural. This article argues that the autonomous model of literacy, which sees language use as the application of a set of neutral skills, continues to dominate in South African universities. This model denies the extent to which taking on disciplinary literacy practices can be difficult and have implications for identity. It also allows disciplinary norms to remain largely opaque and beyond critique. Furthermore, the autonomous model of literacy is often coupled with a discourse of the ‘decontextualised learner’ who is divorced from her social context, with higher education success seen to be resting largely upon attributes inherent in, or lacking from, the individual. Sadly, alternative critical social understandings have not been widely taken up despite their being well researched. Indeed, such understandings have often been misappropriated in ways that draw on critical social terminology to offer autonomous, decontextualised, remedial student interventions. We argue that these issues are implicated in students’ accusations that universities are alienating spaces.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Acoustic biosensors
- Fogel, Ronen, Limson, Janice L, Seshia, Ashwin A
- Authors: Fogel, Ronen , Limson, Janice L , Seshia, Ashwin A
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431648 , vital:72793 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1042/EBC20150011"
- Description: Resonant and acoustic wave devices have been researched for several decades for application in the gravimetric sensing of a variety of biological and chemical analytes. These devices operate by coupling the measurand (e.g. analyte adsorption) as a modulation in the physical properties of the acoustic wave (e.g. resonant frequency, acoustic velocity, dissipation) that can then be correlated with the amount of adsorbed analyte. These devices can also be miniaturized with advantages in terms of cost, size and scalability, as well as potential additional features including integration with microfluidics and electronics, scaled sensitivities associated with smaller dimensions and higher operational frequencies, the ability to multiplex detection across arrays of hundreds of devices embedded in a single chip, increased throughput and the ability to interrogate a wider range of modes including within the same device. Additionally, device fabrication is often compatible with semiconductor volume batch manufacturing techniques enabling cost scalability and a high degree of precision and reproducibility in the manufacturing process. Integration with microfluidics handling also enables suitable sample pre-processing/separation/purification/amplification steps that could improve selectivity and the overall signal-to-noise ratio. Three device types are reviewed here: (i) bulk acoustic wave sensors, (ii) surface acoustic wave sensors, and (iii) micro/nano-electromechanical system (MEMS/NEMS) sensors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Fogel, Ronen , Limson, Janice L , Seshia, Ashwin A
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431648 , vital:72793 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1042/EBC20150011"
- Description: Resonant and acoustic wave devices have been researched for several decades for application in the gravimetric sensing of a variety of biological and chemical analytes. These devices operate by coupling the measurand (e.g. analyte adsorption) as a modulation in the physical properties of the acoustic wave (e.g. resonant frequency, acoustic velocity, dissipation) that can then be correlated with the amount of adsorbed analyte. These devices can also be miniaturized with advantages in terms of cost, size and scalability, as well as potential additional features including integration with microfluidics and electronics, scaled sensitivities associated with smaller dimensions and higher operational frequencies, the ability to multiplex detection across arrays of hundreds of devices embedded in a single chip, increased throughput and the ability to interrogate a wider range of modes including within the same device. Additionally, device fabrication is often compatible with semiconductor volume batch manufacturing techniques enabling cost scalability and a high degree of precision and reproducibility in the manufacturing process. Integration with microfluidics handling also enables suitable sample pre-processing/separation/purification/amplification steps that could improve selectivity and the overall signal-to-noise ratio. Three device types are reviewed here: (i) bulk acoustic wave sensors, (ii) surface acoustic wave sensors, and (iii) micro/nano-electromechanical system (MEMS/NEMS) sensors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Adaptable exploit detection through scalable netflow analysis
- Herbert, Alan, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Herbert, Alan , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429274 , vital:72572 , https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7802938
- Description: Full packet analysis on firewalls and intrusion detection, although effective, has been found in recent times to be detrimental to the overall performance of networks that receive large volumes of throughput. For this reason partial packet analysis technologies such as the NetFlow protocol have emerged to better mitigate these bottlenecks through log generation. This paper researches the use of log files generated by NetFlow version 9 and IPFIX to identify successful and unsuccessful exploit attacks commonly used by automated systems. These malicious communications include but are not limited to exploits that attack Microsoft RPC, Samba, NTP (Network Time Protocol) and IRC (Internet Relay Chat). These attacks are recreated through existing exploit implementations on Metasploit and through hand-crafted reconstructions of exploits via known documentation of vulnerabilities. These attacks are then monitored through a preconfigured virtual testbed containing gateways and network connections commonly found on the Internet. This common attack identification system is intended for insertion as a parallel module for Bolvedere in order to further the increase the Bolvedere system's attack detection capability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Herbert, Alan , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429274 , vital:72572 , https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7802938
- Description: Full packet analysis on firewalls and intrusion detection, although effective, has been found in recent times to be detrimental to the overall performance of networks that receive large volumes of throughput. For this reason partial packet analysis technologies such as the NetFlow protocol have emerged to better mitigate these bottlenecks through log generation. This paper researches the use of log files generated by NetFlow version 9 and IPFIX to identify successful and unsuccessful exploit attacks commonly used by automated systems. These malicious communications include but are not limited to exploits that attack Microsoft RPC, Samba, NTP (Network Time Protocol) and IRC (Internet Relay Chat). These attacks are recreated through existing exploit implementations on Metasploit and through hand-crafted reconstructions of exploits via known documentation of vulnerabilities. These attacks are then monitored through a preconfigured virtual testbed containing gateways and network connections commonly found on the Internet. This common attack identification system is intended for insertion as a parallel module for Bolvedere in order to further the increase the Bolvedere system's attack detection capability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Age and growth of Cape stumpnose Rhabdosargus holubi (Pisces: Sparidae) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Farthing, Matthew William, James, Nicola Caroline, Potts, Warren M
- Authors: Farthing, Matthew William , James, Nicola Caroline , Potts, Warren M
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/122891 , vital:35365 , https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2016.1156577
- Description: Rhabdosargus holubi (Steindachner, 1881) is a small (maximum size = 450 mm total length; Heemstra and Heemstra 2004) sparid that is distributed along the south-east coast of Africa from St Helena Bay, South Africa, to Maputo, Mozambique (Götz and Cowley 2013). Spawning occurs in the nearshore marine environment primarily during winter, specifically May–August in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) (Wallace 1975) and July–February in the South-Eastern Cape (Whitfield 1998). Individuals reach 50% sexual maturity at approximately 150 mm standard length (SL) in the Eastern Cape (Whitfield 1998). The early life stages are transported by the south-westward-flowing Agulhas Current, and recruit as post-flexion larvae and early juveniles into estuaries during late winter and early summer (Blaber 1974). The warm temperatures and high nutrient levels in estuaries favour fast growth (Blaber 1973a), and fish spend their first year of life in these environments, migrating back out to sea after reaching approximately 120 mm SL. Some individuals remain trapped in closed estuaries, where they may reach sizes greater than 200 mm SL (James et al. 2007a). Rhabdosargus holubi is the dominant estuarine-dependent marine teleost species recorded in permanently open and temporarily open/closed estuaries in the warm-temperate region, which spans the south, south-east and east coast of South Africa (Harrison 2005). The species is also an important component of the linefishery in many SouthAfrican estuaries (10–15.6% by number) (Pradervand and Baird 2002), particularly in Eastern Cape estuaries (Cowley et al. 2003). These figures underestimate the presence of R. holubi, as most individuals making use of estuaries are young, feeding predominately on filamentous macroalgae and diatom flora, and are generally too small to be caught with hook and line (De Wet and Marais 1990). James et al. (2007b) showed that R. holubi made up 34–92% of the annual seine-net catch in the East Kleinemonde Estuary. Rhabdosargus holubi is also important in the KZN shorebased linefishery, representing 4.6% of the total landed catch (Dunlop and Mann 2012).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Farthing, Matthew William , James, Nicola Caroline , Potts, Warren M
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/122891 , vital:35365 , https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2016.1156577
- Description: Rhabdosargus holubi (Steindachner, 1881) is a small (maximum size = 450 mm total length; Heemstra and Heemstra 2004) sparid that is distributed along the south-east coast of Africa from St Helena Bay, South Africa, to Maputo, Mozambique (Götz and Cowley 2013). Spawning occurs in the nearshore marine environment primarily during winter, specifically May–August in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) (Wallace 1975) and July–February in the South-Eastern Cape (Whitfield 1998). Individuals reach 50% sexual maturity at approximately 150 mm standard length (SL) in the Eastern Cape (Whitfield 1998). The early life stages are transported by the south-westward-flowing Agulhas Current, and recruit as post-flexion larvae and early juveniles into estuaries during late winter and early summer (Blaber 1974). The warm temperatures and high nutrient levels in estuaries favour fast growth (Blaber 1973a), and fish spend their first year of life in these environments, migrating back out to sea after reaching approximately 120 mm SL. Some individuals remain trapped in closed estuaries, where they may reach sizes greater than 200 mm SL (James et al. 2007a). Rhabdosargus holubi is the dominant estuarine-dependent marine teleost species recorded in permanently open and temporarily open/closed estuaries in the warm-temperate region, which spans the south, south-east and east coast of South Africa (Harrison 2005). The species is also an important component of the linefishery in many SouthAfrican estuaries (10–15.6% by number) (Pradervand and Baird 2002), particularly in Eastern Cape estuaries (Cowley et al. 2003). These figures underestimate the presence of R. holubi, as most individuals making use of estuaries are young, feeding predominately on filamentous macroalgae and diatom flora, and are generally too small to be caught with hook and line (De Wet and Marais 1990). James et al. (2007b) showed that R. holubi made up 34–92% of the annual seine-net catch in the East Kleinemonde Estuary. Rhabdosargus holubi is also important in the KZN shorebased linefishery, representing 4.6% of the total landed catch (Dunlop and Mann 2012).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Aggregation control of robust water-soluble zinc (II) phthalocyanine-based photosensitizers
- Ikeuchi, Takuro, Mack, John, Nyokong, Tebello, Kobayashi, Nagao, Kimura, Mutsumi
- Authors: Ikeuchi, Takuro , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello , Kobayashi, Nagao , Kimura, Mutsumi
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/239709 , vital:50757 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03552"
- Description: A water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) complex with four negatively charged electron-withdrawing sulfonic acid substituents at the nonperipheral positions (α-ZnTSPc) is found to have a high singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield and exhibits high photostability. The formation of aggregates is hindered and the highest occupied molecular orbital is significantly stabilized, making α-ZnTSPc potentially suitable for its use as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy and photoimmunotherapy. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals that mixtures of the negatively charged α-ZnTSPc complex with a similar positively charged ZnPc were found to result in the self-assembly of one-dimensional accordion-like fibers. Supramolecular fibers can be formed in aqueous solutions through intermolecular electrostatic and donor–acceptor interactions between the two water-soluble ZnPcs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Ikeuchi, Takuro , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello , Kobayashi, Nagao , Kimura, Mutsumi
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/239709 , vital:50757 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03552"
- Description: A water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) complex with four negatively charged electron-withdrawing sulfonic acid substituents at the nonperipheral positions (α-ZnTSPc) is found to have a high singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield and exhibits high photostability. The formation of aggregates is hindered and the highest occupied molecular orbital is significantly stabilized, making α-ZnTSPc potentially suitable for its use as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy and photoimmunotherapy. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals that mixtures of the negatively charged α-ZnTSPc complex with a similar positively charged ZnPc were found to result in the self-assembly of one-dimensional accordion-like fibers. Supramolecular fibers can be formed in aqueous solutions through intermolecular electrostatic and donor–acceptor interactions between the two water-soluble ZnPcs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Allelopathic effects of Lantana camara on indigenous forest species in South Africa
- Ruwanza, Sheunesu, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Ruwanza, Sheunesu , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182296 , vital:43818 , xlink:href="http://www.allelopathyjournal.org/?"
- Description: Lantana camara, is an invasive plant in South Africa and greatly influences the forest spp. In greenhouse, we evaluated the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of L. camara leaf, stem and root on 5-test species, (3-forest species viz., Acacia natalitia, Kiggalaria africana and Searsia crenata and 2-crops: Solanum lycopersicum and Lactuca sativa). Potential allelopathic compounds present in L. camara leaf, stem and root aqueous extracts were identified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The leaf, stem and root aqueous extracts of L. camara reduced the seed germination and seedling growth of all test species showing that L. camara aqueous extracts were deleterious to all test species. We identified 92 major volatile organic components in L. camara aqueous extracts. These compounds had the potential to inhibit the germination and seedling growth of test crops. The leaf, stem and root aqueous extracts of L. camara contained the allelopathic compounds that inhibited the germination and seedling growth of indigenous forest species and crop species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Ruwanza, Sheunesu , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182296 , vital:43818 , xlink:href="http://www.allelopathyjournal.org/?"
- Description: Lantana camara, is an invasive plant in South Africa and greatly influences the forest spp. In greenhouse, we evaluated the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of L. camara leaf, stem and root on 5-test species, (3-forest species viz., Acacia natalitia, Kiggalaria africana and Searsia crenata and 2-crops: Solanum lycopersicum and Lactuca sativa). Potential allelopathic compounds present in L. camara leaf, stem and root aqueous extracts were identified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The leaf, stem and root aqueous extracts of L. camara reduced the seed germination and seedling growth of all test species showing that L. camara aqueous extracts were deleterious to all test species. We identified 92 major volatile organic components in L. camara aqueous extracts. These compounds had the potential to inhibit the germination and seedling growth of test crops. The leaf, stem and root aqueous extracts of L. camara contained the allelopathic compounds that inhibited the germination and seedling growth of indigenous forest species and crop species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Alzheimer’s disease: making sense of the stress
- Authors: Whiteley, Chris G
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67072 , vital:29029 , http://www.smgebooks.com/alzheimers-disease/chapters/ALZD-16-08.pdf
- Description: publisher version , To facilitate a deep understanding of the mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s disease fundamental knowledge is required about the action and function of enzymes in the brain that not only metabolise arginine (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) but are closely associated with oxidative (superoxide dismutase; catalase; glutathione peroxidase) and/or nitrosative stress. In particular the focus extends towards enzymes that contribute to amyloid peptide aggregation and senile plaquedeposits (fibrillogenesis). Of special importance are the glycine zipper regions within these amyloid peptides, especially Aβ25-29 and Aβ29-33 (that contains two isoleucine residues) and the pentapeptide Aβ17-21 (that contains two phenylalanines), each generated by enzymatic cleavage of the intramembrane amyloid precursor protein. Use of antisense-sense technology has identified regions in each enzyme that are capable of binding with the amyloid peptides. After an initial inhibition of each enzyme there is an oligomerisation into soluble fibrils which accumulate and eventually precipitate. The use of nanoparticles do not just prevent but reverse the formation of these fibrils either by disrupting the binary adduct – enzyme-Aβ-peptide- or by reaction with, and therefore deplete, Aβ-monomers in solution and so block potential aggregation sites on the enzyme itself. Future therapy towards Alzheimer’s disease should target the C-terminal region of the amyloid precursor protein and substitute hydrophobic residues for the glycine amino acids within the glycine zipper region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Whiteley, Chris G
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67072 , vital:29029 , http://www.smgebooks.com/alzheimers-disease/chapters/ALZD-16-08.pdf
- Description: publisher version , To facilitate a deep understanding of the mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s disease fundamental knowledge is required about the action and function of enzymes in the brain that not only metabolise arginine (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) but are closely associated with oxidative (superoxide dismutase; catalase; glutathione peroxidase) and/or nitrosative stress. In particular the focus extends towards enzymes that contribute to amyloid peptide aggregation and senile plaquedeposits (fibrillogenesis). Of special importance are the glycine zipper regions within these amyloid peptides, especially Aβ25-29 and Aβ29-33 (that contains two isoleucine residues) and the pentapeptide Aβ17-21 (that contains two phenylalanines), each generated by enzymatic cleavage of the intramembrane amyloid precursor protein. Use of antisense-sense technology has identified regions in each enzyme that are capable of binding with the amyloid peptides. After an initial inhibition of each enzyme there is an oligomerisation into soluble fibrils which accumulate and eventually precipitate. The use of nanoparticles do not just prevent but reverse the formation of these fibrils either by disrupting the binary adduct – enzyme-Aβ-peptide- or by reaction with, and therefore deplete, Aβ-monomers in solution and so block potential aggregation sites on the enzyme itself. Future therapy towards Alzheimer’s disease should target the C-terminal region of the amyloid precursor protein and substitute hydrophobic residues for the glycine amino acids within the glycine zipper region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An analysis of grade 12 students' attitudes towards agriculture as a career choice in Nkonkobe municipality, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Ndema, Tenjiwe N
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Career development -- South Africa , Agriculture -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26592 , vital:65661
- Description: In South Africa there is a perception that the youth, particularly black youth, lack interest in agriculture as a career. The youth are perceived to be more drawn to white collar jobs, because they believe that these jobs are more pleasant and better paying. The literature moreover suggests that the youth perceive agriculture as dirty work which is more appropriate for uneducated or illiterate people. The main aim of the research was to analyse Grade12 students’ attitudes towards agriculture as a career choice in Nkonkobe Municipality. Students from four high schools were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, and the total sample size was 100. Based on the results, about one third of students have a favorable perception of agriculture as a career choice, which is more than what had been expected based on the literature reviewed. Both students from non-agricultural schools and agricultural schools possess a positive attitude towards agriculture. They indicated that agriculture offers a lot of financial gain, is not necessarily associated with poverty, nor is agriculture widely regarded as a last resort for those who have failed in other careers. Moreover, they believe that agriculture is as important as other sectors. However, of those learners who indicated an intention to pursue agriculture as a career, only 1 % specifically wished to become a farmer. The others rather wanted professional careers within the agricultural sector, such as veterinarians, agricultural economists, and so forth. Their interest in agriculture as a career related in large measure to a desire to live in a rural area and work with their hands; however this did not extend to actual farming. , Thesis (M Agric) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2016
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Ndema, Tenjiwe N
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Career development -- South Africa , Agriculture -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26592 , vital:65661
- Description: In South Africa there is a perception that the youth, particularly black youth, lack interest in agriculture as a career. The youth are perceived to be more drawn to white collar jobs, because they believe that these jobs are more pleasant and better paying. The literature moreover suggests that the youth perceive agriculture as dirty work which is more appropriate for uneducated or illiterate people. The main aim of the research was to analyse Grade12 students’ attitudes towards agriculture as a career choice in Nkonkobe Municipality. Students from four high schools were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, and the total sample size was 100. Based on the results, about one third of students have a favorable perception of agriculture as a career choice, which is more than what had been expected based on the literature reviewed. Both students from non-agricultural schools and agricultural schools possess a positive attitude towards agriculture. They indicated that agriculture offers a lot of financial gain, is not necessarily associated with poverty, nor is agriculture widely regarded as a last resort for those who have failed in other careers. Moreover, they believe that agriculture is as important as other sectors. However, of those learners who indicated an intention to pursue agriculture as a career, only 1 % specifically wished to become a farmer. The others rather wanted professional careers within the agricultural sector, such as veterinarians, agricultural economists, and so forth. Their interest in agriculture as a career related in large measure to a desire to live in a rural area and work with their hands; however this did not extend to actual farming. , Thesis (M Agric) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2016
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An assessment of public support given to land reform commonage farmers by local and provincial government and their perfomance: A case study of Makana Local Municipality in Eastern Cape
- Authors: Gqweta, N V P
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Land reform -- South Africa , Land use
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23991 , vital:62238
- Description: Access to land is very important for previously disadvantage people from the countries where agriculture is one of the main sources for employment in order to improve their livelihoods. Worldwide, Land Reform arose mainly because of inequalities of resources. In South Africa the Land Reform started in as early as 1658 where blacks were not afforded equal opportunities as white people and therefore off farm land and properties. When South Africa’s first democratic government came into power in 1994, one of its goals was to redress the injustice of the past and give back land to the previously disadvantaged people through various land reform programmes. One of the components of the land reform programme was the provision of commonages lands to urban municipalities for use by the urban poor. The Department of Rural Development and Land Reform acquired commonages land for the municipalities for the purpose of agricultural production. The study focused on the Municipal Commonage Programme and this has been done by assessing the public support given to land reform commonage farmers by local and provincial government and their performance in Makana Local Municipality in Eastern Cape. The study showed that land reform commonage emerging farmers are confronted by numerous challenges such as poor infrastructure, access to markets, mentorship, credit, transport by beneficiaries, lack of support from government departments and lack of co-ordination between government departments. These and other challenges ultimately hamper beneficiaries from making effective use of land. The study was done on eight commonages in Makana Municipality. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. Data collection entailed questionnaire, interviews and focus group discussions. In view of the challenges for commonage farmers, this study provides recommendation for improving the commonage land reform redistribution projects. Current management attempts are not ensuring the efficient equitable and sustainable use of these commonages. Municipal Commonage should be better integrated into agrarian reform through leases and an efficient Commonage Farmers Support Programmes. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2016
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Gqweta, N V P
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Land reform -- South Africa , Land use
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23991 , vital:62238
- Description: Access to land is very important for previously disadvantage people from the countries where agriculture is one of the main sources for employment in order to improve their livelihoods. Worldwide, Land Reform arose mainly because of inequalities of resources. In South Africa the Land Reform started in as early as 1658 where blacks were not afforded equal opportunities as white people and therefore off farm land and properties. When South Africa’s first democratic government came into power in 1994, one of its goals was to redress the injustice of the past and give back land to the previously disadvantaged people through various land reform programmes. One of the components of the land reform programme was the provision of commonages lands to urban municipalities for use by the urban poor. The Department of Rural Development and Land Reform acquired commonages land for the municipalities for the purpose of agricultural production. The study focused on the Municipal Commonage Programme and this has been done by assessing the public support given to land reform commonage farmers by local and provincial government and their performance in Makana Local Municipality in Eastern Cape. The study showed that land reform commonage emerging farmers are confronted by numerous challenges such as poor infrastructure, access to markets, mentorship, credit, transport by beneficiaries, lack of support from government departments and lack of co-ordination between government departments. These and other challenges ultimately hamper beneficiaries from making effective use of land. The study was done on eight commonages in Makana Municipality. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. Data collection entailed questionnaire, interviews and focus group discussions. In view of the challenges for commonage farmers, this study provides recommendation for improving the commonage land reform redistribution projects. Current management attempts are not ensuring the efficient equitable and sustainable use of these commonages. Municipal Commonage should be better integrated into agrarian reform through leases and an efficient Commonage Farmers Support Programmes. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2016
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An assessment of the invasion state and fisheries suitability in four dams and a natural lake in the Western Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Dredge, Brendon Neville
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Introduced organisms Fishery management -- South Africa -- Western Cape Fishes -- Conservation -- South Africa -- Western Cape Introduced fishes -- South Africa -- Western Cape
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69114 , vital:29391
- Description: Despite more than a century of introductions, fish invasions are poorly understood in South Africa. This thesis aims to: (1) provide baseline information on the fish fauna in five inland water bodies (four dams: Theewaterskloof, Clanwilliam, Quaggaskloof, and Voelvlei and a natural lake, Groenvlei) in the Western Cape; (2) determine which species were established and provide a baseline of abundance and size structure for monitoring and, (3) make preliminary recommendations for a fishery. First, criteria for determining establishment were developed by undertaking a full biological assessment of bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, a data-poor species in South Africa. This included the assessment of growth rate using validated estimates of age derived from otoliths in two dams (Clanwilliam Dam: Lt=335.9(1−eo.113(t+1.06)); Groenvlei: Lt=287.2(1-e−0.171(t+0.54)). Length at 50% maturity was similar for males (146 mmFL) and females (147 mmFL). Length frequency analysis combined with data on the age and growth and reproduction demonstrated that established populations of bluegill contained several age cohorts as well as mature and juvenile fishes. A meta-analysis was conducted to: (1) compile a list of initial stocking dates for all alien fishes in each waterbody and (2) use angler tournament data to assess for additional species and persistence over time. Data from the meta-analysis was combined with ichthyological survey data to determine establishment success. These data demonstrated that nine non-native species had established in the five water bodies. Clanwilliam Dam had the largest number (7) of non-native species established, Groenvlei (5) and Theewaterskloof, Brandvlei and Voelvlei the lowest with four species. The state of invasion of each species in the province showed that all nine species are categorised as invasive. This information on establishment was then integrated into a framework for rapidly determining what type of fishery would be most suitable for the 5 waterbodies. Potential yield was estimated using morphoedaphic models, were 260 t/yr for Theewaterskloof Dam, 93 t/yr for Voelvlei, 81 t/yr for Brandvlei, 59 t/yr for Groenvlei and 55 t/yr for Groenvlei. The CPUE for Groenvlei was the highest in gill nets with 1.32 ± 1.94 kg/h, then Voelvlei 1.05 ± 1.34 kg/h followed by Brandvlei (0.84 ± 1.48 kg/h), Clanwilliam (0.71 ± 1.55 kg/h) and lastly Theewaterskloof (0.36 ± 0.41 kg/h). Only Theewaterskloof could produce in excess of 100 t/yr but less than 400 t/yr of fish making it suitable for a small scale fishery. The CPUE values of Theewaterskloof were the lowest and a gill net fishery on this water body may not produce sufficient fish for the fishery. All water bodies had a high recreational angling usage, the opening of a small scale fishery could be detrimental to this industry. Subsistence and recreational anglers should be promoted with the possibility of a long line industry targeting Clarias gariepinus.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Dredge, Brendon Neville
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Introduced organisms Fishery management -- South Africa -- Western Cape Fishes -- Conservation -- South Africa -- Western Cape Introduced fishes -- South Africa -- Western Cape
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69114 , vital:29391
- Description: Despite more than a century of introductions, fish invasions are poorly understood in South Africa. This thesis aims to: (1) provide baseline information on the fish fauna in five inland water bodies (four dams: Theewaterskloof, Clanwilliam, Quaggaskloof, and Voelvlei and a natural lake, Groenvlei) in the Western Cape; (2) determine which species were established and provide a baseline of abundance and size structure for monitoring and, (3) make preliminary recommendations for a fishery. First, criteria for determining establishment were developed by undertaking a full biological assessment of bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, a data-poor species in South Africa. This included the assessment of growth rate using validated estimates of age derived from otoliths in two dams (Clanwilliam Dam: Lt=335.9(1−eo.113(t+1.06)); Groenvlei: Lt=287.2(1-e−0.171(t+0.54)). Length at 50% maturity was similar for males (146 mmFL) and females (147 mmFL). Length frequency analysis combined with data on the age and growth and reproduction demonstrated that established populations of bluegill contained several age cohorts as well as mature and juvenile fishes. A meta-analysis was conducted to: (1) compile a list of initial stocking dates for all alien fishes in each waterbody and (2) use angler tournament data to assess for additional species and persistence over time. Data from the meta-analysis was combined with ichthyological survey data to determine establishment success. These data demonstrated that nine non-native species had established in the five water bodies. Clanwilliam Dam had the largest number (7) of non-native species established, Groenvlei (5) and Theewaterskloof, Brandvlei and Voelvlei the lowest with four species. The state of invasion of each species in the province showed that all nine species are categorised as invasive. This information on establishment was then integrated into a framework for rapidly determining what type of fishery would be most suitable for the 5 waterbodies. Potential yield was estimated using morphoedaphic models, were 260 t/yr for Theewaterskloof Dam, 93 t/yr for Voelvlei, 81 t/yr for Brandvlei, 59 t/yr for Groenvlei and 55 t/yr for Groenvlei. The CPUE for Groenvlei was the highest in gill nets with 1.32 ± 1.94 kg/h, then Voelvlei 1.05 ± 1.34 kg/h followed by Brandvlei (0.84 ± 1.48 kg/h), Clanwilliam (0.71 ± 1.55 kg/h) and lastly Theewaterskloof (0.36 ± 0.41 kg/h). Only Theewaterskloof could produce in excess of 100 t/yr but less than 400 t/yr of fish making it suitable for a small scale fishery. The CPUE values of Theewaterskloof were the lowest and a gill net fishery on this water body may not produce sufficient fish for the fishery. All water bodies had a high recreational angling usage, the opening of a small scale fishery could be detrimental to this industry. Subsistence and recreational anglers should be promoted with the possibility of a long line industry targeting Clarias gariepinus.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An empirical investigation of the demand for money in South Africa within the inflation-targeting era
- Authors: Duah, Rachel
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: South Africa--Economic conditions http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85125465 , Inflation targeting--South Africa , Monetary policy--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19465 , vital:43127
- Description: The aim of the study is to empirically test the demand for money function in South Africa’s inflation-targeting era. This came from the fact that there have been a number of structural changes in the South African economy that have appeared to alter the relation between M3 and GDP and other macroeconomic variables. The study employed co-integration tests that showed one co-integrating equation which led to the application of the Vector-Error Correction Model (VECM) using the quarterly time series data covering the period from 2000-2015. The demand for money is investigated by estimating the real money balances as a function of Treasury Bills rate, income and total credit. Results showed that there is a negative relationship among Treasury Bills rate, income and real money balances. However, there is a positive relationship between real money balances and the total credit provided by the banking sector. The CUSUM and CUSUMQ tests are applied to examine the possibility of structural breaks in money demand functions, as well as parameter stability. The results of the study indicated that the estimated parameters for the short and long run dynamics of the real money demand function are stable. It was evident that Treasury bill rate, income and total credit can explain money balances and therefore can influence demand for money. The study recommends that the government ensures that there are economic activities such as employment creation which can then boost income levels so as to get a positive relationship between money balances and income. Through employment creation, there can be a reduction in borrowing. Treasury bill rates, being an effective monetary policy tool, can be used to direct monetary policy and also promote price stability. The study recommends that the South African Reserve Bank continue to improve the conditions in the financial sector. In this regard, the SARB and the government should strive to enact flexible policies that will boost financial credit and uplift business confidence. , Thesis (MCom)(Economics) -- University of Fort Hare, 2016
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Duah, Rachel
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: South Africa--Economic conditions http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85125465 , Inflation targeting--South Africa , Monetary policy--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19465 , vital:43127
- Description: The aim of the study is to empirically test the demand for money function in South Africa’s inflation-targeting era. This came from the fact that there have been a number of structural changes in the South African economy that have appeared to alter the relation between M3 and GDP and other macroeconomic variables. The study employed co-integration tests that showed one co-integrating equation which led to the application of the Vector-Error Correction Model (VECM) using the quarterly time series data covering the period from 2000-2015. The demand for money is investigated by estimating the real money balances as a function of Treasury Bills rate, income and total credit. Results showed that there is a negative relationship among Treasury Bills rate, income and real money balances. However, there is a positive relationship between real money balances and the total credit provided by the banking sector. The CUSUM and CUSUMQ tests are applied to examine the possibility of structural breaks in money demand functions, as well as parameter stability. The results of the study indicated that the estimated parameters for the short and long run dynamics of the real money demand function are stable. It was evident that Treasury bill rate, income and total credit can explain money balances and therefore can influence demand for money. The study recommends that the government ensures that there are economic activities such as employment creation which can then boost income levels so as to get a positive relationship between money balances and income. Through employment creation, there can be a reduction in borrowing. Treasury bill rates, being an effective monetary policy tool, can be used to direct monetary policy and also promote price stability. The study recommends that the South African Reserve Bank continue to improve the conditions in the financial sector. In this regard, the SARB and the government should strive to enact flexible policies that will boost financial credit and uplift business confidence. , Thesis (MCom)(Economics) -- University of Fort Hare, 2016
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An overview of linux container based network emulation
- Peach, Schalk, Irwin, Barry V W, van Heerden, Renier
- Authors: Peach, Schalk , Irwin, Barry V W , van Heerden, Renier
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430095 , vital:72665 , https://www.proceedings.com/30838.html
- Description: The objective of this paper is to assess the current state of Container-Based Emulator implementations on the Linux platform. Through a nar-rative overview, a selection of open source Container-Based emulators are analysed to collect information regarding the technologies used to construct them to assess the current state of this emerging technology. Container-Based Emulators allows the creation of small emulated net-works on commodity hardware through the use of kernel level virtualiza-tion techniques, also referred to as containerisation. Container-Based Emulators act as a management tool to control containers and the ap-plications that execute within them. The ability of Container Based Emu-lators to create repeatable and controllable test networks makes it ideal for use as training and experimentation tools in the information security and network management fields. Due to the ease of use and low hard-ware requirements, the tools present a low cost alternative to other forms of network experimentation platforms. Through a review of cur-rent literature and source code, the current state of Container-Based Emulators is assessed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Peach, Schalk , Irwin, Barry V W , van Heerden, Renier
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430095 , vital:72665 , https://www.proceedings.com/30838.html
- Description: The objective of this paper is to assess the current state of Container-Based Emulator implementations on the Linux platform. Through a nar-rative overview, a selection of open source Container-Based emulators are analysed to collect information regarding the technologies used to construct them to assess the current state of this emerging technology. Container-Based Emulators allows the creation of small emulated net-works on commodity hardware through the use of kernel level virtualiza-tion techniques, also referred to as containerisation. Container-Based Emulators act as a management tool to control containers and the ap-plications that execute within them. The ability of Container Based Emu-lators to create repeatable and controllable test networks makes it ideal for use as training and experimentation tools in the information security and network management fields. Due to the ease of use and low hard-ware requirements, the tools present a low cost alternative to other forms of network experimentation platforms. Through a review of cur-rent literature and source code, the current state of Container-Based Emulators is assessed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An unsung dialogue: music, society and the history of The Flames
- Authors: Park, Duncan Keith
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/193645 , vital:45376
- Description: This research aims to examine the relationship between music and social conditions within the context of apartheid. The focus area is the city of Durban, specifically 1960-1970. A case study of the multi-racial Durban-based band, The Flames (1963 – 1972) will be used to rigorously assess the extent to which social conditions and music can affect each other in both directions. This will also be the first coherent and historical narrative of the band, The Flames. As such, the thesis aims to make an original contribution to this field of music history, while it will provide the very first academic discussion of The Flames. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, History, 2016
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Park, Duncan Keith
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/193645 , vital:45376
- Description: This research aims to examine the relationship between music and social conditions within the context of apartheid. The focus area is the city of Durban, specifically 1960-1970. A case study of the multi-racial Durban-based band, The Flames (1963 – 1972) will be used to rigorously assess the extent to which social conditions and music can affect each other in both directions. This will also be the first coherent and historical narrative of the band, The Flames. As such, the thesis aims to make an original contribution to this field of music history, while it will provide the very first academic discussion of The Flames. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, History, 2016
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Analysis of non-peptidic compounds as potential malarial inhibitors against plasmodial cysteine proteases via integrated virtual screening workflow
- Musyoka, Thommas M, Kanzi, Aquillah M, Lobb, Kevin A, Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Authors: Musyoka, Thommas M , Kanzi, Aquillah M , Lobb, Kevin A , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123074 , vital:35403 , https://doi.10.1080/07391102.2015.1108231
- Description: Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a diverse group of erythrocytic protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. It remains an exigent public health problem in the tropical areas of Africa, South America and parts of Asia and continues to take its toll in morbidity and mortality with half of the world’s population under a permanent risk of infection leading to more than half a million deaths annually (WHO, 2013). Five Plasmodium species, namely P. falciparum (Pf ), P. vivax (Pv), P. ovale (Po), P. malariae (Pm) and P. knowlesi (Pk), are known to infect humans with Pf responsible for more than 90% of the malarial fatalities reported in sub-Saharan Africa. The predominance of Pf is attributed to its adaptability (Ashley, McGready, Proux, & Nosten, 2006; Prugnolle et al., 2011). Although the high occurrence of the Duffy negative trait among African populations lowers the threat posed by Pv, it is the most frequent and widely causative agent of benign tertian malaria in other parts of the world (Mendis, Sina, Marchesini, & Carter, 2001). In addition to the listed human malarial parasite forms, several other Plasmodium species, which infect non-human laboratory models, have been identified and are of significant importance in understanding the parasite biology, the host–parasite interactions and in the drug development process (Langhorne et al., 2011).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Musyoka, Thommas M , Kanzi, Aquillah M , Lobb, Kevin A , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123074 , vital:35403 , https://doi.10.1080/07391102.2015.1108231
- Description: Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a diverse group of erythrocytic protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. It remains an exigent public health problem in the tropical areas of Africa, South America and parts of Asia and continues to take its toll in morbidity and mortality with half of the world’s population under a permanent risk of infection leading to more than half a million deaths annually (WHO, 2013). Five Plasmodium species, namely P. falciparum (Pf ), P. vivax (Pv), P. ovale (Po), P. malariae (Pm) and P. knowlesi (Pk), are known to infect humans with Pf responsible for more than 90% of the malarial fatalities reported in sub-Saharan Africa. The predominance of Pf is attributed to its adaptability (Ashley, McGready, Proux, & Nosten, 2006; Prugnolle et al., 2011). Although the high occurrence of the Duffy negative trait among African populations lowers the threat posed by Pv, it is the most frequent and widely causative agent of benign tertian malaria in other parts of the world (Mendis, Sina, Marchesini, & Carter, 2001). In addition to the listed human malarial parasite forms, several other Plasmodium species, which infect non-human laboratory models, have been identified and are of significant importance in understanding the parasite biology, the host–parasite interactions and in the drug development process (Langhorne et al., 2011).
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- Date Issued: 2016