- Title
- A technical survey of the South African harvesting machine population
- Creator
- Mathelele, Ouma Florah
- Subject
- Harvesting -- South Africa
- Subject
- Energy harvesting -- South Africa
- Date Issued
- 2019
- Date
- 2019
- Type
- Thesis
- Type
- Masters
- Type
- MSc
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/10948/40999
- Identifier
- vital:36281
- Description
- South Africa adopted the practice of conducting technical surveys from Austria three decades ago. The Austrian technical survey was used to model the South African technical survey. The survey was conducted with the aim of providing the forestry industry with a detailed analysis of the state of timber harvesting operations. The first technical survey in South Africa was conducted in 1987, and the second one in 1998. The most recent study was carried out in 2007. Since 2007, there has been no other technical survey of a similar nature conducted on harvesting and transport operations. There is no recent information quantifying the volumes harvested, identifying harvesting systems and methods used, and determining volumes harvested using these systems and methods. Furthermore, no updated information exists on the type and quantities of timber trucks transporting the volume. A fourth technical survey that quantifies and analyses these aspects in harvesting operations, therefore, was due. The fourth technical survey aimed at quantifying the number of harvesting machines and timber trucks. The survey further investigated the drivers behind the mechanisation and system preference. The four technical surveys were compared to identify trends in harvesting machines and methods. The data were collected from grower companies, harvesting and transport contractors and small-scale timber growers. Questionnaires were sent to all potential respondents from the three target groups, and interviews were later conducted with selected respondents. The harvesting machines were quantified per function i.e. felling, extraction, processing and loading. The results showed that some machines were more common compared to other machines performing the same function. Mechanised felling machines sampled had more units in the fourth survey than the previous surveys had. Of the 10.6 million m3 volume surveyed in 2017, chainsaws had 1 048 units, and their number had decreased from the 5 000 sampled in the first technical survey in 1987 that sampled about 12.8 million m3. Harvesters and feller bunchers also increased from zero in the first technical survey to 94 and 13, respectively in the fourth survey. The drivers towards the increased use of mechanised equipment were identified as safety and health, ergonomics, productivity, labour issues, operational costs, terrain, and company policies. Despite the introduction of mechanisation, however, the use of manual labour was evident in hardwood processing and loading operations. Manual debarking was more common than mechanised debarking in the fourth technical survey. When comparing all four technical surveys, the cut to length (CTL) harvesting method was dominant in hardwood; harvesting 79% of the volume sampled in the 2017 survey. The full tree method was barely applied in the first three technical surveys and in the 2007 survey, it was absent. It was only in the fourth technical survey that the method was applied, felling 27% and 9% of the sampled volumes in softwood and hardwood, respectively. The technical survey provides information to the different stakeholders in the forest industry. Such include harvesting managers and contractors, grower companies, machine distributors and researchers. The information will bring awareness to harvesting managers and contractors about the different machine options available to assist in decision making when selecting systems. Machine distributors will know the number of machines, where machines are operating and their target market. A gap in knowledge will be bridged between the different provinces regarding the different types of harvesting machines out there.
- Format
- xii, 150 leaves
- Format
- Publisher
- Nelson Mandela University
- Publisher
- Faculty of Science
- Language
- English
- Rights
- Nelson Mandela University
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Collections
NMU School of Natural Resource Management
| Thumbnail | File | Description | Size | Format | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| View Details Download | SOURCE1 | Ouma Florah Mathelele.pdf | 1 MB | Adobe Acrobat PDF | View Details Download |