A psychobiographical study of Maya Angelo
- Authors: De Waal, Leandra
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Angelou, Maya
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46341 , vital:39569
- Description: Psychobiographies aim to gain a deeper understanding into the lives of notable or notorious individuals through the lens of a psychological theory. Thisstudy aimedto gain insight into the personality development of Maya Angelou through the useof Erikson’s Theory of PsychosocialDevelopment. The study exploresand describesher life experiences in terms of this theory, and understandsher life within her socio-historical context. Angelou is a renowned literary figure. Herjourney to becoming a writer was an arduous one, marked by great hardships from an early age. Despite early parental abandonment, childhood rape, exposure to racism, and difficulties in romantic relationships, she developed into a healthy adult who achieved much literary success and inspired individuals worldwide.Nonprobability purposive sampling was used to selectAngelou as the subjectand was madeon the basis of the researcher’s interest in Angelou’s life history.Datawas collected by triangulating multiple sources of informationand analysed using the approach developed by Miles and Huberman, which involves threesteps: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification.The main findings suggest that Angelou progressed through Erikson’s eight stages successfully, despite some delays in negotiations of crises.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: De Waal, Leandra
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Angelou, Maya
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46341 , vital:39569
- Description: Psychobiographies aim to gain a deeper understanding into the lives of notable or notorious individuals through the lens of a psychological theory. Thisstudy aimedto gain insight into the personality development of Maya Angelou through the useof Erikson’s Theory of PsychosocialDevelopment. The study exploresand describesher life experiences in terms of this theory, and understandsher life within her socio-historical context. Angelou is a renowned literary figure. Herjourney to becoming a writer was an arduous one, marked by great hardships from an early age. Despite early parental abandonment, childhood rape, exposure to racism, and difficulties in romantic relationships, she developed into a healthy adult who achieved much literary success and inspired individuals worldwide.Nonprobability purposive sampling was used to selectAngelou as the subjectand was madeon the basis of the researcher’s interest in Angelou’s life history.Datawas collected by triangulating multiple sources of informationand analysed using the approach developed by Miles and Huberman, which involves threesteps: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification.The main findings suggest that Angelou progressed through Erikson’s eight stages successfully, despite some delays in negotiations of crises.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Awareness, knowledge and practices with regards to alcohol use of pregnant women in the Missionvale area
- Authors: Du Preez, Mingon
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Pregnant women -- Alcohol use
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46404 , vital:39572
- Description: South African statistics, when compared to global statistics, has an above-average occurrence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder(FASD). Alcohol use during pregnancy is on the rise globally and has far-reaching consequences. FASD is an umbrella term that describes the range of effects that can occur in an individual whose mother consumed alcohol during pregnancy.FASDnot only has an abiological, social and emotional negative impact on the individual, but also creates an added burden on the family caring for such an individual. When this condition occurs in a third world country, like South Africa, there is an economic impact as this country has limited physical and human resources to deal with the multitude of repercussions associated with this condition. This study was conducted in the Missionvale Community, an impoverished area of Port Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape. Participants were selected from this community, as clients attending the psychology clinic in the area frequently present with diagnosed FASD and co-concurring conditions, such as scholastic underachievement and behavioural conditions. These factors perpetuate an individuals inability to rise above their current circumstances as they are frequently unable to complete their schooling and are consequently unable to find unemployment. Prevention of FASD is a social, public and personal health issue that requires a multifaceted approach to intervention. The present study aimed to determine participants’ awareness, knowledge levels and practices with regard to alcohol use during pregnancy. Previous studies conducted in the Eastern Cape have primarily focused on the outcomes of prenatal alcohol exposure rather than the contributing factors, thus making this study the first of its kind to be conducted in the Eastern Cape. The study was quantitative in nature and participants were obtained through purposive sampling. A questionnaire, comprising of four different sections was used to obtain the necessary information. The sections in the questionnaire tapped information about the following concepts: Demographics, awareness, knowledge, and practices of alcohol use by pregnant women. The statistical results and additional comments by the participants assisted the researcher to gain a better understanding of the awareness levels, knowledge, and practices with regard to alcohol use of pregnant women residing in the Missionvale area. The results from the study indicate that participants have a general awareness that alcohol use during pregnancy could be harmful to an unborn baby but lack in-depth specific knowledge of the adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Du Preez, Mingon
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Pregnant women -- Alcohol use
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46404 , vital:39572
- Description: South African statistics, when compared to global statistics, has an above-average occurrence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder(FASD). Alcohol use during pregnancy is on the rise globally and has far-reaching consequences. FASD is an umbrella term that describes the range of effects that can occur in an individual whose mother consumed alcohol during pregnancy.FASDnot only has an abiological, social and emotional negative impact on the individual, but also creates an added burden on the family caring for such an individual. When this condition occurs in a third world country, like South Africa, there is an economic impact as this country has limited physical and human resources to deal with the multitude of repercussions associated with this condition. This study was conducted in the Missionvale Community, an impoverished area of Port Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape. Participants were selected from this community, as clients attending the psychology clinic in the area frequently present with diagnosed FASD and co-concurring conditions, such as scholastic underachievement and behavioural conditions. These factors perpetuate an individuals inability to rise above their current circumstances as they are frequently unable to complete their schooling and are consequently unable to find unemployment. Prevention of FASD is a social, public and personal health issue that requires a multifaceted approach to intervention. The present study aimed to determine participants’ awareness, knowledge levels and practices with regard to alcohol use during pregnancy. Previous studies conducted in the Eastern Cape have primarily focused on the outcomes of prenatal alcohol exposure rather than the contributing factors, thus making this study the first of its kind to be conducted in the Eastern Cape. The study was quantitative in nature and participants were obtained through purposive sampling. A questionnaire, comprising of four different sections was used to obtain the necessary information. The sections in the questionnaire tapped information about the following concepts: Demographics, awareness, knowledge, and practices of alcohol use by pregnant women. The statistical results and additional comments by the participants assisted the researcher to gain a better understanding of the awareness levels, knowledge, and practices with regard to alcohol use of pregnant women residing in the Missionvale area. The results from the study indicate that participants have a general awareness that alcohol use during pregnancy could be harmful to an unborn baby but lack in-depth specific knowledge of the adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Coping mechanisms of unemployed registered counsellors in the South African context
- Authors: Mogatosi, Ntsako Emmah
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Counselors--Job stress -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46375 , vital:39585
- Description: ivABSTRACTThe Registered Counsellorcategory has been a developing profession since its inception in 2003. There havebeen few studies done on the coping mechanisms of unemployed Registered Counsellors in the South African context. This field of study is particularly important as Registered Counsellors are the primarymentalhealth care professionals;therefore,their role in psychology is of utmost importance. This study focused on exploring the coping mechanisms of unemployed Registered Counsellors. A qualitative research approach was followed in order to gaina comprehensive understanding regardingthe perceived coping strategies. A combination of purposive,non-probability and snowball sampling techniques was employedto select participants and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them to explore and describe their coping mechanisms. Lazarus and Folkman’stheorywas utilised to provide a theoretical understanding of the coping mechanisms. Unemployment is perceived to cause stress and may lead to maladaptive coping strategies. It was perceived to have an impact on the professional’s goalsand increased financial strain in their lives. However, communication, social and family support, positive attitudes, availability to opportunities and advocacy for the profession were identified as effective coping mechanisms. The majority of the participants perceived good communication about the situation and supportive relationships to be the most effective strategies to be utilised in their lives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mogatosi, Ntsako Emmah
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Counselors--Job stress -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46375 , vital:39585
- Description: ivABSTRACTThe Registered Counsellorcategory has been a developing profession since its inception in 2003. There havebeen few studies done on the coping mechanisms of unemployed Registered Counsellors in the South African context. This field of study is particularly important as Registered Counsellors are the primarymentalhealth care professionals;therefore,their role in psychology is of utmost importance. This study focused on exploring the coping mechanisms of unemployed Registered Counsellors. A qualitative research approach was followed in order to gaina comprehensive understanding regardingthe perceived coping strategies. A combination of purposive,non-probability and snowball sampling techniques was employedto select participants and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them to explore and describe their coping mechanisms. Lazarus and Folkman’stheorywas utilised to provide a theoretical understanding of the coping mechanisms. Unemployment is perceived to cause stress and may lead to maladaptive coping strategies. It was perceived to have an impact on the professional’s goalsand increased financial strain in their lives. However, communication, social and family support, positive attitudes, availability to opportunities and advocacy for the profession were identified as effective coping mechanisms. The majority of the participants perceived good communication about the situation and supportive relationships to be the most effective strategies to be utilised in their lives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Cultural position and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder
- Authors: Dorfling, Inge-Louise
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46371 , vital:39564
- Description: Trauma exposure and PTSD are widespread health concerns in South Africa. This country is also extremely culturally diverse. The effects of cultural position on PTSD development are unknown. The objective was to explore these possibilities in detail. Individuals eighteen years or older with a stable pre-existing PTSD diagnosis participated in semi-structured voice recorded interviews. Both participants displayed clear conscious changes in cultural position following trauma exposure, some of which are believed to be due to a failure of support and acknowledgement from their collective. This would have contributed to PTSD development. Main themes identified were reactions of others and a paradigm shift. Further, more detailed research is required in this field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Dorfling, Inge-Louise
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46371 , vital:39564
- Description: Trauma exposure and PTSD are widespread health concerns in South Africa. This country is also extremely culturally diverse. The effects of cultural position on PTSD development are unknown. The objective was to explore these possibilities in detail. Individuals eighteen years or older with a stable pre-existing PTSD diagnosis participated in semi-structured voice recorded interviews. Both participants displayed clear conscious changes in cultural position following trauma exposure, some of which are believed to be due to a failure of support and acknowledgement from their collective. This would have contributed to PTSD development. Main themes identified were reactions of others and a paradigm shift. Further, more detailed research is required in this field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Differences in swimming stroke mechanics and kinematics derived from tri-axial accelerometers during a 200-IM event in South African national swimmers
- Authors: Musson, Courtney Ruth
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Swimming
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46337 , vital:39588
- Description: Context: Swimming is a highly competitive sport, with elite swimmers and coaches constantly looking for ways to improve and challenge themselves to meet new performance goals. The implementation of technology in swimming has proven to be a vital tool in athlete monitoring and in providing coaches with additional information on the swimmer’s performance. Example of this technology is the use of inertial sensory devices such as tri-axial accelerometers. The accelerometers can be used to provide kinematic information with regards to the swimmer’s stroke rate, stroke length and stroke mechanics. In a typical training session, coaches would have to manually time and count their swimmer’s strokes to be able to gain the kinematic information they require. Hence, the use ofinertial sensory technology, such as accelerometers, would provide the necessary information coaches require, allowing them to concentrate on other performance aspects such as theirswimmer’s technique.Aim and objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the kinematic parameters and swimming stroke mechanics that could be derived from tri-axial accelerometers, during a 200-m individual medley (IM) event in South African national level swimmers. Three objectives were set to meet the aim of the study. The first was to identify and differentiate each of the stroking styles using tri-axial accelerometers. The second was to identify and differentiate the kinematic parametersand stroke mechanicsfor all four strokes using tri-axial accelerometers. The third objective was to implement machine learning to automate the identification and interpretation of the accelerometer data. Method:A quantitative, non-experimental descriptive one group post-test only design was used, in which 15 national level swimmers, of which seven male and eight female (mean ±SD: age: 20.9 ± 2.90 years; height: 173.28 ± 10.61 cm; weight: 67.81 ± 8.09 kg; arm span: 178.21 ± 12.15 cm) were tested. Three anthropometric measures were taken (height, weight and arm span) prior to testing, with two tri-axial accelerometers and Polar V800watch and heart rate belt attached to the swimmers left wrist, upper-back and chest, respectively. All swimmerswere required to perform three main swimming sets: 50-m IM, 100-m variation and 200-mIM. Variousdescriptivestatisticsincluding mean, standard deviation and confidence intervals (95%)were used to describe the data. with further inferential statistics including paired t-test, intra-class correlation and Bland Altman analysis wereused to describe the relationship ivbetween the accelerometer and the manually estimated parameters. Additionally, arepeated measures one-way ANOVA (with post-hoc Tukey HSD test) werealso used in an inter-comparison of the stroke parameters between each of the stroking styles. A confusion matrix wasused to measure the classification accuracy of the machine learning model implemented on the accelerometer data.Results:The accelerometers proved successful in identifyingand discerningthe stroke mechanics for each of the four stroking styles, with the use of video footage to validatethe findings. In the stroke kinematic differentiation, theBland Altman analysisresultsshowed an agreement between themanual method and accelerometer-derived estimates, although a discrepancy was evident for several of the kinematic parameters, with a significant difference found with the estimated lap time, average swimming velocity and stroke rate (paired t-test: p <0.001 for all swim sets). The inter-comparison between the stroke parameters per stroking style showed a significant difference with average swimming velocity (repeated one-way ANOVA: F = 1789.37, p <0.001), averages stroke rate (repeated one-way ANOVA: F = 671.70, p <0.001) and average stroke length (repeated one-way ANOVA: F = 346.46, p<0.001) for the population group tested. Furtheranalysis with post-hoc Tukey HSD test showed no significant difference wereevident for the average swimming velocity(Tukey: p > 0.05for all strokes)andbetween freestyle and backstroke for the average stroke rate and stroke length (Tukey:p = 0.0968 andp = 0.997, respectively).Lastly, the machine learning model found a classification accuracy of 96.6% in identifyingand labelling the stroking styles fromthe accelerometer data.Conclusion: It was shown that the tri-axial accelerometers were successful in the identification and differentiation of all the stroking styles, stroke mechanics and kinematics, although a discrepancy was found with the average swimming velocity, stroke rate and lap time estimations. The machine learning model implemented proved the benefits of using artificial intelligence to ease the data process and interpretation by automatically labelling the accelerometer data. Therefore, the use of tri-axial accelerometers as a coaching aid has major potential in the swimming community. However, further research is required to eliminate the time-consuming data processingand to increasetheaccuracy of the accelerometer in the measurement of all the stroke kinematics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Musson, Courtney Ruth
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Swimming
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46337 , vital:39588
- Description: Context: Swimming is a highly competitive sport, with elite swimmers and coaches constantly looking for ways to improve and challenge themselves to meet new performance goals. The implementation of technology in swimming has proven to be a vital tool in athlete monitoring and in providing coaches with additional information on the swimmer’s performance. Example of this technology is the use of inertial sensory devices such as tri-axial accelerometers. The accelerometers can be used to provide kinematic information with regards to the swimmer’s stroke rate, stroke length and stroke mechanics. In a typical training session, coaches would have to manually time and count their swimmer’s strokes to be able to gain the kinematic information they require. Hence, the use ofinertial sensory technology, such as accelerometers, would provide the necessary information coaches require, allowing them to concentrate on other performance aspects such as theirswimmer’s technique.Aim and objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the kinematic parameters and swimming stroke mechanics that could be derived from tri-axial accelerometers, during a 200-m individual medley (IM) event in South African national level swimmers. Three objectives were set to meet the aim of the study. The first was to identify and differentiate each of the stroking styles using tri-axial accelerometers. The second was to identify and differentiate the kinematic parametersand stroke mechanicsfor all four strokes using tri-axial accelerometers. The third objective was to implement machine learning to automate the identification and interpretation of the accelerometer data. Method:A quantitative, non-experimental descriptive one group post-test only design was used, in which 15 national level swimmers, of which seven male and eight female (mean ±SD: age: 20.9 ± 2.90 years; height: 173.28 ± 10.61 cm; weight: 67.81 ± 8.09 kg; arm span: 178.21 ± 12.15 cm) were tested. Three anthropometric measures were taken (height, weight and arm span) prior to testing, with two tri-axial accelerometers and Polar V800watch and heart rate belt attached to the swimmers left wrist, upper-back and chest, respectively. All swimmerswere required to perform three main swimming sets: 50-m IM, 100-m variation and 200-mIM. Variousdescriptivestatisticsincluding mean, standard deviation and confidence intervals (95%)were used to describe the data. with further inferential statistics including paired t-test, intra-class correlation and Bland Altman analysis wereused to describe the relationship ivbetween the accelerometer and the manually estimated parameters. Additionally, arepeated measures one-way ANOVA (with post-hoc Tukey HSD test) werealso used in an inter-comparison of the stroke parameters between each of the stroking styles. A confusion matrix wasused to measure the classification accuracy of the machine learning model implemented on the accelerometer data.Results:The accelerometers proved successful in identifyingand discerningthe stroke mechanics for each of the four stroking styles, with the use of video footage to validatethe findings. In the stroke kinematic differentiation, theBland Altman analysisresultsshowed an agreement between themanual method and accelerometer-derived estimates, although a discrepancy was evident for several of the kinematic parameters, with a significant difference found with the estimated lap time, average swimming velocity and stroke rate (paired t-test: p <0.001 for all swim sets). The inter-comparison between the stroke parameters per stroking style showed a significant difference with average swimming velocity (repeated one-way ANOVA: F = 1789.37, p <0.001), averages stroke rate (repeated one-way ANOVA: F = 671.70, p <0.001) and average stroke length (repeated one-way ANOVA: F = 346.46, p<0.001) for the population group tested. Furtheranalysis with post-hoc Tukey HSD test showed no significant difference wereevident for the average swimming velocity(Tukey: p > 0.05for all strokes)andbetween freestyle and backstroke for the average stroke rate and stroke length (Tukey:p = 0.0968 andp = 0.997, respectively).Lastly, the machine learning model found a classification accuracy of 96.6% in identifyingand labelling the stroking styles fromthe accelerometer data.Conclusion: It was shown that the tri-axial accelerometers were successful in the identification and differentiation of all the stroking styles, stroke mechanics and kinematics, although a discrepancy was found with the average swimming velocity, stroke rate and lap time estimations. The machine learning model implemented proved the benefits of using artificial intelligence to ease the data process and interpretation by automatically labelling the accelerometer data. Therefore, the use of tri-axial accelerometers as a coaching aid has major potential in the swimming community. However, further research is required to eliminate the time-consuming data processingand to increasetheaccuracy of the accelerometer in the measurement of all the stroke kinematics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Effects of high-intensity speed training on the speed reserve of university middle-distance and field sport athletes
- Authors: Thomas, Emma Jayne
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Athletes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46346 , vital:39599
- Description: Context: Despite the multiple differences between athletic events and sports, they all share the sporadic bouts of moderate to extreme intensities and all require some contribution from an integrated bioenergetic system to allow for optimal performance. Although D’ is often considered as an ‘anaerobic work capacity’, such a definition is over-simplistic and its precise composition is nebulous, especially given the mixed findings of the experimental evidence. Clearly, further research is needed to provide a more complete understanding of the D’ parameter, as well as the speed reserve(range of speeds exceeding critical speed) especially within high-intensity exercise. Purpose (Aim): The aim of this study is to determine whether a short term high-intensity speed training intervention within the severe intensity domain effects speed reserve in athletic and non-athletic individuals considered moderately trained.Methods: A quantitative research design was used. Participantscompletedbaseline testing (pre-test), after which they were assigned into two groups. Both groups received a HIIT training program, with group 1 (G140%) receiving a program based on intensity prescription (work bouts performed at 140% of CS)and group 2 (G90-s) receiving a program based on time intervals (work bouts performed for 90-s). HIIT sessions were performed twice-weekly for a total of 6-weeks. A post-test assessment was then conducted by both groups to determine whether any changes have accrued in any of the physiological variables in question. Participants of the study met a specific criterion(18 –30 years of age, residing in Nelson Mandela Bay, and met the minimum fitness requirements). Results: No significant between-group differences were evident prior to and following cessation of the HIIT intervention. Findings that can be highlighted holistically include improvements in CS(G140%: M = 0.62 m.s-1; G90-s: M = 0.46 m.s-1)and 𝑉̇𝑂2𝑚𝑎𝑥 (G140%: +3.81 ml.kg-1.min-1; G90-s: +5.19 ml.kg-1.min-1)and a decrease in fatigue index (G140%: M = -6.75%; G90-s: M = -4.38%) and D’(G140%: M = -56.34 m; G90-s: M = -18.36 m).Normative data were generated for athletic and non-athletic participants using the standard nine (Stanine) categorization to facilitate interpretation and recommendations of key parameters for coaches and clinicians. Moreover, a deterministic model was also generated which revealed novel interactions and the strength of the relationship between variables-potentially opening new and innovative areas of future research. Conclusions: The interval durations and speeds utilised in the present study were insufficient to stimulate an increase in D’. To elicit an increase of D’, one would have to decrease the duration of the intervals performed(i.e. < 90-sec), while increasing speed at which the intervals performed at some speed greater than 140% of CS, but below MSS. Further research is needed to understand the physiological underpinning of the D’ parameter both in isolation and in conjunction with CS. It is clear that D’ is influenced by parameters such as MSS, 𝜏d and FI%; therefore, these sub-parameters should be explored further as potentiators for moderating the D’ parameter.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Thomas, Emma Jayne
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Athletes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46346 , vital:39599
- Description: Context: Despite the multiple differences between athletic events and sports, they all share the sporadic bouts of moderate to extreme intensities and all require some contribution from an integrated bioenergetic system to allow for optimal performance. Although D’ is often considered as an ‘anaerobic work capacity’, such a definition is over-simplistic and its precise composition is nebulous, especially given the mixed findings of the experimental evidence. Clearly, further research is needed to provide a more complete understanding of the D’ parameter, as well as the speed reserve(range of speeds exceeding critical speed) especially within high-intensity exercise. Purpose (Aim): The aim of this study is to determine whether a short term high-intensity speed training intervention within the severe intensity domain effects speed reserve in athletic and non-athletic individuals considered moderately trained.Methods: A quantitative research design was used. Participantscompletedbaseline testing (pre-test), after which they were assigned into two groups. Both groups received a HIIT training program, with group 1 (G140%) receiving a program based on intensity prescription (work bouts performed at 140% of CS)and group 2 (G90-s) receiving a program based on time intervals (work bouts performed for 90-s). HIIT sessions were performed twice-weekly for a total of 6-weeks. A post-test assessment was then conducted by both groups to determine whether any changes have accrued in any of the physiological variables in question. Participants of the study met a specific criterion(18 –30 years of age, residing in Nelson Mandela Bay, and met the minimum fitness requirements). Results: No significant between-group differences were evident prior to and following cessation of the HIIT intervention. Findings that can be highlighted holistically include improvements in CS(G140%: M = 0.62 m.s-1; G90-s: M = 0.46 m.s-1)and 𝑉̇𝑂2𝑚𝑎𝑥 (G140%: +3.81 ml.kg-1.min-1; G90-s: +5.19 ml.kg-1.min-1)and a decrease in fatigue index (G140%: M = -6.75%; G90-s: M = -4.38%) and D’(G140%: M = -56.34 m; G90-s: M = -18.36 m).Normative data were generated for athletic and non-athletic participants using the standard nine (Stanine) categorization to facilitate interpretation and recommendations of key parameters for coaches and clinicians. Moreover, a deterministic model was also generated which revealed novel interactions and the strength of the relationship between variables-potentially opening new and innovative areas of future research. Conclusions: The interval durations and speeds utilised in the present study were insufficient to stimulate an increase in D’. To elicit an increase of D’, one would have to decrease the duration of the intervals performed(i.e. < 90-sec), while increasing speed at which the intervals performed at some speed greater than 140% of CS, but below MSS. Further research is needed to understand the physiological underpinning of the D’ parameter both in isolation and in conjunction with CS. It is clear that D’ is influenced by parameters such as MSS, 𝜏d and FI%; therefore, these sub-parameters should be explored further as potentiators for moderating the D’ parameter.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
High-intensity Interval Training utilising a standardised versus customised training programme among endurance trained male cyclists
- Authors: Salzwedel, Jarred Wayne
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Cycling South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46423 , vital:39596
- Description: The primary aim of this study was to compare the effect of a standardised versus customised high-intensity interval training programmeon performance indicators of endurance trained male cyclists utilising a standardised method of prescribing intervals in comparison to a customised method of prescribing intervals based on training feedback. The study was exploratory and quasi-experimental in nature and utilized a quantitative approach. A quasi-experimental, pretest-postestcontrol group study design was used. A total number of 22 participants that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study by means of purposive sampling. The participants were subdivided into an experimental group (n=11) and a control group (n=11)by means of random stratification in order to ensure performance equality between the two groups. The experimental group completed a High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) block of 28 days (four weeks) with three weeks of interval-based sessions and one recovery week ending off the block. The programmeutilised the same “anaerobic” type intervals (10 x 30 seconds at 170% PPO with 4 minutes 30 seconds recovery) as the control group, performed twice per week for three consecutive weeks. The Lamberts and Lambert submaximal cycling test (LSCT) was used to determine whether a participant in the experimental group could start his HIIT session on a particular day.Participants were notallowed to start their HIIT session if twoor more of the set criteria weremet.If the participants did not qualify to participate in a HIIT session they were required to perform a low intensity training session in the same venue. Differences between the pre-and post-test showed statistically non-significant improvements (p>0.05) from pre-to post-test for both the experimental and control groups in respect of the physiological variables measured (gas exchange threshold, respiratory compensation point, maximal oxygen consumption). The experimental group did however show more positive, but statistically non-significantimprovements in peak power output. The findings of this study therefore showed that no significant within group nor between group improvements were achieved utilizing a standised versus customised HIIT training programme over the four-week study period. The findings do however suggest that the LSCT may have merit in prescribing HIIT sessions in trained athletesas suggested by the improvements of the experimental group’s peak power output.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Salzwedel, Jarred Wayne
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Cycling South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46423 , vital:39596
- Description: The primary aim of this study was to compare the effect of a standardised versus customised high-intensity interval training programmeon performance indicators of endurance trained male cyclists utilising a standardised method of prescribing intervals in comparison to a customised method of prescribing intervals based on training feedback. The study was exploratory and quasi-experimental in nature and utilized a quantitative approach. A quasi-experimental, pretest-postestcontrol group study design was used. A total number of 22 participants that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study by means of purposive sampling. The participants were subdivided into an experimental group (n=11) and a control group (n=11)by means of random stratification in order to ensure performance equality between the two groups. The experimental group completed a High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) block of 28 days (four weeks) with three weeks of interval-based sessions and one recovery week ending off the block. The programmeutilised the same “anaerobic” type intervals (10 x 30 seconds at 170% PPO with 4 minutes 30 seconds recovery) as the control group, performed twice per week for three consecutive weeks. The Lamberts and Lambert submaximal cycling test (LSCT) was used to determine whether a participant in the experimental group could start his HIIT session on a particular day.Participants were notallowed to start their HIIT session if twoor more of the set criteria weremet.If the participants did not qualify to participate in a HIIT session they were required to perform a low intensity training session in the same venue. Differences between the pre-and post-test showed statistically non-significant improvements (p>0.05) from pre-to post-test for both the experimental and control groups in respect of the physiological variables measured (gas exchange threshold, respiratory compensation point, maximal oxygen consumption). The experimental group did however show more positive, but statistically non-significantimprovements in peak power output. The findings of this study therefore showed that no significant within group nor between group improvements were achieved utilizing a standised versus customised HIIT training programme over the four-week study period. The findings do however suggest that the LSCT may have merit in prescribing HIIT sessions in trained athletesas suggested by the improvements of the experimental group’s peak power output.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Index of coordination for swimming and running in triathletes: a comparative study
- Authors: Van Den Bergh, Katelyne Mei
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Triathletes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46406 , vital:39598
- Description: The primary aim of this study was to compare the Index of Coordination (IdC) for both sprint and endurance swimming and running of less-skilled level triathletes. The researchutilised a quantitative approach, specifically exploratory, with a one group post-test-only research design. Twenty participants from the triathlon community, ages 18 years and older, were selected via purposive and convenient sampling. The participants were expected to complete a total of four physical tests, namely 50 m sprint swim, 1500 m endurance swim, 50 m sprint run,and 5000 m endurance run, on four separate days, over a period of two weeks. The data was collected by video recording each participant performing each of the four different tests andcoded frame-by-frame onDartfish Video Solution (10.0).The IdCwas derived by identifying the time-in markers and time-out markers for both left and right arms when swimming; and by identifying the time-on markers and time-off markers for both left and right legs when running. The results revealed significant differencesbetweenthe IdCvalues ofsprint swimming and endurance swimming(p<0.001); sprint running andendurance running(p<0.001); sprint swimming andsprint running(p<0.001); andendurance swimmingandendurance running(p<0.001).The top performersin each testwere significantly faster than bottom performers(sprint swimming: p<0.001; sprint running:p<0.001; endurance swimming: p<0.001; endurance running: p<0.001) but no significant group differences on associated IdC were found(sprint swimming: p=0.535; sprint running: p=0.857; endurance swimming: p=0.132; endurance running: p=0.775).Bothendurance tests were divided into three equal portions and it was found that 23% ofthe fastest trial endurance swim time can be explained by the IdC obtained in portion three(p=0.032); and that 62% of the fastest trial endurance run time can be explained by the IdC obtained in portion one(p<0.001). The overall findings of the study suggest that an IdC mode is considered efficient relative to the environmental contextand thatIdCis relative to skill level or alternatively independent of performance times. The IdC, therefore, remains inconclusive as an alternative method but warrants further investigation particularly in longer distance endurance events.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Van Den Bergh, Katelyne Mei
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Triathletes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46406 , vital:39598
- Description: The primary aim of this study was to compare the Index of Coordination (IdC) for both sprint and endurance swimming and running of less-skilled level triathletes. The researchutilised a quantitative approach, specifically exploratory, with a one group post-test-only research design. Twenty participants from the triathlon community, ages 18 years and older, were selected via purposive and convenient sampling. The participants were expected to complete a total of four physical tests, namely 50 m sprint swim, 1500 m endurance swim, 50 m sprint run,and 5000 m endurance run, on four separate days, over a period of two weeks. The data was collected by video recording each participant performing each of the four different tests andcoded frame-by-frame onDartfish Video Solution (10.0).The IdCwas derived by identifying the time-in markers and time-out markers for both left and right arms when swimming; and by identifying the time-on markers and time-off markers for both left and right legs when running. The results revealed significant differencesbetweenthe IdCvalues ofsprint swimming and endurance swimming(p<0.001); sprint running andendurance running(p<0.001); sprint swimming andsprint running(p<0.001); andendurance swimmingandendurance running(p<0.001).The top performersin each testwere significantly faster than bottom performers(sprint swimming: p<0.001; sprint running:p<0.001; endurance swimming: p<0.001; endurance running: p<0.001) but no significant group differences on associated IdC were found(sprint swimming: p=0.535; sprint running: p=0.857; endurance swimming: p=0.132; endurance running: p=0.775).Bothendurance tests were divided into three equal portions and it was found that 23% ofthe fastest trial endurance swim time can be explained by the IdC obtained in portion three(p=0.032); and that 62% of the fastest trial endurance run time can be explained by the IdC obtained in portion one(p<0.001). The overall findings of the study suggest that an IdC mode is considered efficient relative to the environmental contextand thatIdCis relative to skill level or alternatively independent of performance times. The IdC, therefore, remains inconclusive as an alternative method but warrants further investigation particularly in longer distance endurance events.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Interaction between different sources of situational probability information to anticipate the bowler’s intention in cricket
- Authors: Lilford, David-John
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Cricket -- Bowling
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46383 , vital:39578
- Description: In elite fastball sports, such as cricket, performance occurs at the limit of human capability as the time constraints of perceiving and acting are severe. Cricket batsmen are therefore required to use the two sources of advanced information (kinematic cues and situational probability) to anticipate an upcoming delivery to negate the effects of the time constraints. The source of information that will be focused on in this study will be situational probability, with the aim being to determine the interaction between bowling sequence and field placement as sources of situational probability used by skilled cricket batsmen to predict a bowler’s intention. Four different conditions were created according to the situational probability information presented to the batsmen, namely no sources, sequence alone, field placement alone, and both sources. Fifteen skilled cricket batsmen were required to face deliveries projected by a bowling machine and make predictions as to where the next delivery outcome was going to pitch based on perceived situational probability information and attempt to make successful bat-ball contact. In order to compare the use and importance of the four conditions of situational probability information,prediction accuracy, response accuracy and the initial movement time of the batsmen were recorded and analysed. Results of the study revealed no significant difference between conditions of situational probability presented to batsmen for prediction accuracy, response accuracy, and initial movement time. However, significant differences were found between categories of congruence for prediction accuracy results. The prediction accuracy results reveal that batsmen equally value each source of situational probability information and that when sources were presented in conjunction with each other, no enhancement in anticipatory performance or interception of the cricket ball occurred.The results of the current study suggest that it is not necessarily the number of sources present, but rather the relevance of the source that is most important for a batsman to predict the outcome of a delivery. The prediction accuracy of batsmen is dependent on the nature of the information presented rather than the amount of information presented. Performers draw upon more pertinent information variables according to the relevance to the task at hand.The response accuracy results reveal that the batsmen have the required action capabilities to make successful bat-ball contact regardless of whether or not they correctly anticipate the upcoming delivery’s landing position.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Lilford, David-John
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Cricket -- Bowling
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46383 , vital:39578
- Description: In elite fastball sports, such as cricket, performance occurs at the limit of human capability as the time constraints of perceiving and acting are severe. Cricket batsmen are therefore required to use the two sources of advanced information (kinematic cues and situational probability) to anticipate an upcoming delivery to negate the effects of the time constraints. The source of information that will be focused on in this study will be situational probability, with the aim being to determine the interaction between bowling sequence and field placement as sources of situational probability used by skilled cricket batsmen to predict a bowler’s intention. Four different conditions were created according to the situational probability information presented to the batsmen, namely no sources, sequence alone, field placement alone, and both sources. Fifteen skilled cricket batsmen were required to face deliveries projected by a bowling machine and make predictions as to where the next delivery outcome was going to pitch based on perceived situational probability information and attempt to make successful bat-ball contact. In order to compare the use and importance of the four conditions of situational probability information,prediction accuracy, response accuracy and the initial movement time of the batsmen were recorded and analysed. Results of the study revealed no significant difference between conditions of situational probability presented to batsmen for prediction accuracy, response accuracy, and initial movement time. However, significant differences were found between categories of congruence for prediction accuracy results. The prediction accuracy results reveal that batsmen equally value each source of situational probability information and that when sources were presented in conjunction with each other, no enhancement in anticipatory performance or interception of the cricket ball occurred.The results of the current study suggest that it is not necessarily the number of sources present, but rather the relevance of the source that is most important for a batsman to predict the outcome of a delivery. The prediction accuracy of batsmen is dependent on the nature of the information presented rather than the amount of information presented. Performers draw upon more pertinent information variables according to the relevance to the task at hand.The response accuracy results reveal that the batsmen have the required action capabilities to make successful bat-ball contact regardless of whether or not they correctly anticipate the upcoming delivery’s landing position.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Interaction between situational probability information for cricket batsmen when anticipating a bowler’s intentions
- Authors: Du Preez, Joshua
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Cricket--Batting
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46355 , vital:39570
- Description: The ability to anticipate the bowler’s intention is vital in skilled cricket batting. Two perceptual-cognitive skills used for anticipation include use of kinematic information and the use of situational probability information. This study aims to investigate the interaction between two sources of situational probability (action preferences of bowlers and opposition field placement) used by skilled cricket batsmen to anticipate the bowler’s intention in an in-situ setting. Fifteen skilled cricket batsmen were required to predict the delivery outcome (landing position) of 72 deliveries bowled by a bowling machine before attempting to strike each delivery. These deliveries were divided into four conditions of situational probability: no sources (control trials); field placement alone; action preference alone; and both field placement and action preferences. Data were collected according to batsmen’s prediction accuracy, response accuracy, and initial movement time. In the presence of situational probability information, batsmen were able to predict delivery outcome significantly better than chance level (25%) and control trials. Results revealed significant differences between sources of situational probability in terms of batsmen’s prediction accuracy but not response accuracy or initial movement time. In cricket batting, it appears that some sources of situational probability information are more valuable than others.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Du Preez, Joshua
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Cricket--Batting
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46355 , vital:39570
- Description: The ability to anticipate the bowler’s intention is vital in skilled cricket batting. Two perceptual-cognitive skills used for anticipation include use of kinematic information and the use of situational probability information. This study aims to investigate the interaction between two sources of situational probability (action preferences of bowlers and opposition field placement) used by skilled cricket batsmen to anticipate the bowler’s intention in an in-situ setting. Fifteen skilled cricket batsmen were required to predict the delivery outcome (landing position) of 72 deliveries bowled by a bowling machine before attempting to strike each delivery. These deliveries were divided into four conditions of situational probability: no sources (control trials); field placement alone; action preference alone; and both field placement and action preferences. Data were collected according to batsmen’s prediction accuracy, response accuracy, and initial movement time. In the presence of situational probability information, batsmen were able to predict delivery outcome significantly better than chance level (25%) and control trials. Results revealed significant differences between sources of situational probability in terms of batsmen’s prediction accuracy but not response accuracy or initial movement time. In cricket batting, it appears that some sources of situational probability information are more valuable than others.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Internet use and romantic relationship satisfaction
- Authors: Grundlingh, Nicole
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Internet addiction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46452 , vital:39574
- Description: In the twenty-first century the internet has become a pervasive part of individuals’ lives and their relationships, changing the way individuals connect, develop and maintain their romantic relationships. The way in which couples use the internet can have a significant impact on their relationship satisfaction, which is often a predictor of the length and success of their relationship. Although the internet is valued for many features, the nature of the internet creates the risk for some individuals to become addicted to the medium which is associated with psychological and relational difficulties. The present study aimed to explore the impact of problematic internet use on individuals’ satisfaction with their offline intimate relationships. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, research design was utilised, where participants from Nelson Mandela University completed an online survey (N=388). A non-probability, purposive sampling method was employed with an inclusion criteria which required participants to have daily internet access and to be in a committed romantic relationship. The study analysed four primary variables, namely, online preoccupation, adverse effects of online behaviour, social interactions and general relationship satisfaction. The results of the study were discussed through the lens of the Couple and Family Technology (CFT) framework to explain the processes that underlie the relationship between these variables and indicated that problematic internet use and relationship satisfaction is negatively related. The present study contributes to the body of literature and offers indications for future, in-depth research studies within the field of cyberpsychology.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Grundlingh, Nicole
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Internet addiction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46452 , vital:39574
- Description: In the twenty-first century the internet has become a pervasive part of individuals’ lives and their relationships, changing the way individuals connect, develop and maintain their romantic relationships. The way in which couples use the internet can have a significant impact on their relationship satisfaction, which is often a predictor of the length and success of their relationship. Although the internet is valued for many features, the nature of the internet creates the risk for some individuals to become addicted to the medium which is associated with psychological and relational difficulties. The present study aimed to explore the impact of problematic internet use on individuals’ satisfaction with their offline intimate relationships. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, research design was utilised, where participants from Nelson Mandela University completed an online survey (N=388). A non-probability, purposive sampling method was employed with an inclusion criteria which required participants to have daily internet access and to be in a committed romantic relationship. The study analysed four primary variables, namely, online preoccupation, adverse effects of online behaviour, social interactions and general relationship satisfaction. The results of the study were discussed through the lens of the Couple and Family Technology (CFT) framework to explain the processes that underlie the relationship between these variables and indicated that problematic internet use and relationship satisfaction is negatively related. The present study contributes to the body of literature and offers indications for future, in-depth research studies within the field of cyberpsychology.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Lower extremity strength training effects on balance and postural control in female elderly
- Authors: Rosenblatt, Desmarie
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Muscle strength
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46359 , vital:39595
- Description: Background: The global, exponential growth in the elderly population and increased longevity has been well documented. South Africa has the highest proportion of older population in sub-Saharan Africa. Empirical research is lacking on the efficacy of exercise interventions for the elderly to prevent fall risk and increase independent living associated with quality of life. Maintenance of muscular strength of the lower body is important to compensate for various physiological deficits due to the ageing process. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of an eight-week lower extremity strength training intervention on balance and postural control in female elderly, aged 65 years and older, living in a high socio-economic, urban, residential area in Nelson Mandela Bay in the Eastern Cape region of South Africa. Design and Methods: A true-experimental, pre-test, post-test study design, was used with a comparative experimental and control group. A total number of 21 participants met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The experimental group participated in an eight-week strength training intervention, attending exercise sessions, twice a week. Peak isometric strength of the knee flexors/extensors, adductors/abductors of the hip, and plantar / dorsi-flexors of the ankle were assessed post-intervention, using the FET2 handheld dynamometer. Balance was assessed by means the displacement of centre of pressure during the limits of stability and the ellipse area for postural sway assessment on a Kistler force plate, post-intervention. Medial/lateral displacement of centre of pressure and the mean velocity while descending a self-designed, two-step stair case, were determined after the intervention by measures obtained from a Kistler force plate. Descriptive statistics were calculated for measures of central tendency including means standard deviations. T-scores were used to standardise results obtained. Non-parametric, inferential statistics were used to determine the statistical significance of the results. The Wilcoxon matched pairs test and the Mann-Whitney U tests determined the significance of within group comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Spearman rank order correlations were used to measure the strength of associations Results: Lower extremity isometric strength in musculature around the hip, knee and ankle joints, as well as postural sway in a stationary position with eyes opened, have improved significantly after an eight-week resistance training Programme. Improvements in balance has been indicated by limits of stability in the postural sway stance with eyes closed, and dynamic balance during stair descending, were both not significant. Conclusion: The importance of physical interventions to enable the elderly in living a healthy and independent lifestyle should be promoted in all settings. Muscle strength gains and postural sway improvements could have been attributed to neural adaptation and calls for further investigation into the efficacy of strength training over longer durations. The relevance of incorporating stair negotiation as a functional activity of daily living should potentially be included in exercise Programmeprescription by biokineticists, as insufficient control of dynamic balance has been reported to increase fall risk.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Rosenblatt, Desmarie
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Muscle strength
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46359 , vital:39595
- Description: Background: The global, exponential growth in the elderly population and increased longevity has been well documented. South Africa has the highest proportion of older population in sub-Saharan Africa. Empirical research is lacking on the efficacy of exercise interventions for the elderly to prevent fall risk and increase independent living associated with quality of life. Maintenance of muscular strength of the lower body is important to compensate for various physiological deficits due to the ageing process. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of an eight-week lower extremity strength training intervention on balance and postural control in female elderly, aged 65 years and older, living in a high socio-economic, urban, residential area in Nelson Mandela Bay in the Eastern Cape region of South Africa. Design and Methods: A true-experimental, pre-test, post-test study design, was used with a comparative experimental and control group. A total number of 21 participants met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The experimental group participated in an eight-week strength training intervention, attending exercise sessions, twice a week. Peak isometric strength of the knee flexors/extensors, adductors/abductors of the hip, and plantar / dorsi-flexors of the ankle were assessed post-intervention, using the FET2 handheld dynamometer. Balance was assessed by means the displacement of centre of pressure during the limits of stability and the ellipse area for postural sway assessment on a Kistler force plate, post-intervention. Medial/lateral displacement of centre of pressure and the mean velocity while descending a self-designed, two-step stair case, were determined after the intervention by measures obtained from a Kistler force plate. Descriptive statistics were calculated for measures of central tendency including means standard deviations. T-scores were used to standardise results obtained. Non-parametric, inferential statistics were used to determine the statistical significance of the results. The Wilcoxon matched pairs test and the Mann-Whitney U tests determined the significance of within group comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Spearman rank order correlations were used to measure the strength of associations Results: Lower extremity isometric strength in musculature around the hip, knee and ankle joints, as well as postural sway in a stationary position with eyes opened, have improved significantly after an eight-week resistance training Programme. Improvements in balance has been indicated by limits of stability in the postural sway stance with eyes closed, and dynamic balance during stair descending, were both not significant. Conclusion: The importance of physical interventions to enable the elderly in living a healthy and independent lifestyle should be promoted in all settings. Muscle strength gains and postural sway improvements could have been attributed to neural adaptation and calls for further investigation into the efficacy of strength training over longer durations. The relevance of incorporating stair negotiation as a functional activity of daily living should potentially be included in exercise Programmeprescription by biokineticists, as insufficient control of dynamic balance has been reported to increase fall risk.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Managing staff wellness of educators in Nelson Mandela Bay related to their knowledge, perceptions and practices of a healthy lifestyle
- Authors: Coetzee, Jeslyn
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Educators -- -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46335 , vital:39568
- Description: Non-communicable diseases have become a major cause of mortality, resulting in 55% of deaths in South Africa in 2015. Educators seem to be a high-risk population with high rates of obesity and hypertension. This study, a quantitative descriptive study, was completed with primary school educators in Nelson Mandela Bayas the study population, with the aim of better understanding their knowledge, perceptions and practices with regard to a healthy lifestyle in order to manage and improve their staff wellness, and investigates these areas separately as objectives. A focus was placed on salt and sugar intake in light of recent legislation and taxation on these items in South Africa. The study has three components, namely; anthropometry, a dietary intake assessment via 24-hour dietary recalls and a behavioural questionnaire. Ethics was considered by ensuring the anonymity of participants, using participant numbers and ensuring the written consent of all participants before the commencement of the study. Data collection took place over a period of three days. Educators showed high levels of obesity, with 45,7%(n=21)being categorised as obese class three. Twenty-five percent of the participants reported to have been diagnosed with hypertension. Participants fared well with questions that referred to more general knowledge of nutrition and aspects of staff wellness that was looked at showed that 47,7 % described their job performance as ‘good’, while also noting that 20,5þlt that everything was an effort most of the time. Recommendations include the benefit of an Employee Wellness Programme in order to educate and encourage teachers around different aspects of their health and wellness. Intrinsic motivation is necessary and drastic changes need to be made in order to improve the dire situation in this population of the country.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Coetzee, Jeslyn
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Educators -- -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46335 , vital:39568
- Description: Non-communicable diseases have become a major cause of mortality, resulting in 55% of deaths in South Africa in 2015. Educators seem to be a high-risk population with high rates of obesity and hypertension. This study, a quantitative descriptive study, was completed with primary school educators in Nelson Mandela Bayas the study population, with the aim of better understanding their knowledge, perceptions and practices with regard to a healthy lifestyle in order to manage and improve their staff wellness, and investigates these areas separately as objectives. A focus was placed on salt and sugar intake in light of recent legislation and taxation on these items in South Africa. The study has three components, namely; anthropometry, a dietary intake assessment via 24-hour dietary recalls and a behavioural questionnaire. Ethics was considered by ensuring the anonymity of participants, using participant numbers and ensuring the written consent of all participants before the commencement of the study. Data collection took place over a period of three days. Educators showed high levels of obesity, with 45,7%(n=21)being categorised as obese class three. Twenty-five percent of the participants reported to have been diagnosed with hypertension. Participants fared well with questions that referred to more general knowledge of nutrition and aspects of staff wellness that was looked at showed that 47,7 % described their job performance as ‘good’, while also noting that 20,5þlt that everything was an effort most of the time. Recommendations include the benefit of an Employee Wellness Programme in order to educate and encourage teachers around different aspects of their health and wellness. Intrinsic motivation is necessary and drastic changes need to be made in order to improve the dire situation in this population of the country.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Perceptions of health care professionals at the Nelson Mandela University of the Auntie Stella sexual and reproductive health education toolkit
- Authors: Ndlangalavu, Siyasanga
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Sexual health
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46419 , vital:39589
- Description: Sexual and reproductive health education in South Africa appears to be failing young people as evidenced by the numbers of unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases resulting from poor sexual health decision making. High-risk behaviours amongst youth are likely to be a product of the interplay of multiple risk factors on individual and interpersonal levels. The Auntie Stella: Teenagers Talk about Sex, Life and Relationships, is a sexual and reproductive health education toolkit with developmentally timed interventions for sexual and reproductive health education for adolescents. This tool kit has been successfully utilized in such countries as Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia. The study aimed to establish if the University health care professionals, including HIV counsellors and nurses, perceive Auntie Stellato be a useful sexual health and reproduction education programme to generate knowledge and prompt and promote safer sexual behaviour. An exploratory descriptive qualitative research design was be utilized, and purposive sampling was employed. Data was collected via focus groups where the toolkit was administered and discussed. Six focus groups were conducted with 12 participants from the Nelson Mandela University’s Campus Health Clinics. The data obtained was analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-step method of thematic analysis. The findings of this study revealed that the Nelson Mandela University health care professionals perceived the Auntie Stellatoolkit as being useful and applicable to the university context in terms of relatability. They expressed thatthe programme is ideally youth-friendly and appropriate for university students. The findings of this small study may have important implications for future research of implementation of sexual and reproductive health education programmes in Higher Education Institutions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Ndlangalavu, Siyasanga
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Sexual health
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46419 , vital:39589
- Description: Sexual and reproductive health education in South Africa appears to be failing young people as evidenced by the numbers of unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases resulting from poor sexual health decision making. High-risk behaviours amongst youth are likely to be a product of the interplay of multiple risk factors on individual and interpersonal levels. The Auntie Stella: Teenagers Talk about Sex, Life and Relationships, is a sexual and reproductive health education toolkit with developmentally timed interventions for sexual and reproductive health education for adolescents. This tool kit has been successfully utilized in such countries as Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia. The study aimed to establish if the University health care professionals, including HIV counsellors and nurses, perceive Auntie Stellato be a useful sexual health and reproduction education programme to generate knowledge and prompt and promote safer sexual behaviour. An exploratory descriptive qualitative research design was be utilized, and purposive sampling was employed. Data was collected via focus groups where the toolkit was administered and discussed. Six focus groups were conducted with 12 participants from the Nelson Mandela University’s Campus Health Clinics. The data obtained was analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-step method of thematic analysis. The findings of this study revealed that the Nelson Mandela University health care professionals perceived the Auntie Stellatoolkit as being useful and applicable to the university context in terms of relatability. They expressed thatthe programme is ideally youth-friendly and appropriate for university students. The findings of this small study may have important implications for future research of implementation of sexual and reproductive health education programmes in Higher Education Institutions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Psychologists’ perceptions of cultural competence in working with clients from diverse cultures in psychotherapy within the Nelson Mandela Bay area
- Authors: Sdinane, Thembeka Gloria
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Cultural competence
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46453 , vital:39597
- Description: There has beenanincreasedacknowledgement of the need for current psychological interventions to meet the needs of the diverse cultural contexts reflective of the SouthAfrican clients. As such, researchers began exploring, enhancing,and evaluating modelsof psychotherapy, applicable to the cultures of the diverse clients. To address disparities caused by Eurocentricepistemologies that fail to recognise the impact of culture on clients, the concept of cultural competence was introduced.While there is international literature available on cultural competence in psychotherapy, there is still a significant gap in South African literature.Consequently, this study explored psychologists’ perceptions of cultural competence when working with diverse clients in psychotherapy. A general exploratory qualitative approach informed this study. The qualitative data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Using a purposive sampling strategy, registered clinical and counselling psychologists who are in private practice were selected. A total of 6 participants were interviewed.The interviews were transcribed verbatim, and the thematic analysis method was used to analyse data with aid from the Atlas.ti coding Software. Findings of this study are presented using the four identified themes i) Complexities of working with diverse cultures, ii) knowledge limitation hinders complete cultural competence, iii) Actions towards cultural competence and iv) The geographical context. The findings of this study suggest that the idea of complete cultural competence in psychological therapyis not plausible, given the nuances embedded within South African society. As such, the researcher suggests a move from cultural competence to cultural effectiveness as an alternative that could potentially create aplatform that bridges the gap between psychological science and the nuances posed by cultures.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Sdinane, Thembeka Gloria
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Cultural competence
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46453 , vital:39597
- Description: There has beenanincreasedacknowledgement of the need for current psychological interventions to meet the needs of the diverse cultural contexts reflective of the SouthAfrican clients. As such, researchers began exploring, enhancing,and evaluating modelsof psychotherapy, applicable to the cultures of the diverse clients. To address disparities caused by Eurocentricepistemologies that fail to recognise the impact of culture on clients, the concept of cultural competence was introduced.While there is international literature available on cultural competence in psychotherapy, there is still a significant gap in South African literature.Consequently, this study explored psychologists’ perceptions of cultural competence when working with diverse clients in psychotherapy. A general exploratory qualitative approach informed this study. The qualitative data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Using a purposive sampling strategy, registered clinical and counselling psychologists who are in private practice were selected. A total of 6 participants were interviewed.The interviews were transcribed verbatim, and the thematic analysis method was used to analyse data with aid from the Atlas.ti coding Software. Findings of this study are presented using the four identified themes i) Complexities of working with diverse cultures, ii) knowledge limitation hinders complete cultural competence, iii) Actions towards cultural competence and iv) The geographical context. The findings of this study suggest that the idea of complete cultural competence in psychological therapyis not plausible, given the nuances embedded within South African society. As such, the researcher suggests a move from cultural competence to cultural effectiveness as an alternative that could potentially create aplatform that bridges the gap between psychological science and the nuances posed by cultures.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The perceptions and experiences of tenants living in a social housing initiative in Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Konstabel, Desiree
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Social settlements
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46410 , vital:39579
- Description: Social housing aims to redress the housing crisis that South Africa is currently facing given the backlog that was left in the provision of free basic housing. Research conducted on the low to the middle-income group from which South African social housing tenants originate, suggests that this income bracket experiences social, physical and mental health challenges. They are three times more likely to suffer from depression than their counterparts in developed countries. Little to no literature has been published focusing on tenants who represent low to middle-income groups living in social housing in South Africa. Furthermore, the researcher did not come across literature highlighting the perceptions and experiences of tenants, who represent these low to middle-income groups, and who live in social housing in South Africa. In the context of South African social housing, there is a gap in the literature about the perceptions and experiences of tenants living in a social housing initiative.Guided by the Social Constructionism and Sense of Community theoretical frameworks, the goal of this qualitative research study waste gain a better understanding about the perceptions and experiences of tenants living in a social housing initiative in South Africa. An exploratory and descriptive research design was employed, focusing on the tenants of one social housing initiative. A non-probability purposive sampling procedure was followed. Convenience sampling was applied and followed up by volunteer sampling techniques. The sample size consisted of 9 social housing tenants. Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted by an independent interviewer and used to collect data and analyse themes. Trustworthiness and ethical considerations were adhered to on all levels.This research contributes to a greater understanding of the perceptions and experiences of tenants living in a social housing initiative. The study revealed that most tenants experienced an increased sense of safety in the social housing initiative as compared to the surrounding community. The study further revealed that lower-income tenants have concerns about the long-term affordability of rentals in social housing. Among others, the study recommends that social workers advocate for inclusive social and economic policies to promote greater inclusion of vulnerable groups from low-income backgrounds.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Konstabel, Desiree
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Social settlements
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46410 , vital:39579
- Description: Social housing aims to redress the housing crisis that South Africa is currently facing given the backlog that was left in the provision of free basic housing. Research conducted on the low to the middle-income group from which South African social housing tenants originate, suggests that this income bracket experiences social, physical and mental health challenges. They are three times more likely to suffer from depression than their counterparts in developed countries. Little to no literature has been published focusing on tenants who represent low to middle-income groups living in social housing in South Africa. Furthermore, the researcher did not come across literature highlighting the perceptions and experiences of tenants, who represent these low to middle-income groups, and who live in social housing in South Africa. In the context of South African social housing, there is a gap in the literature about the perceptions and experiences of tenants living in a social housing initiative.Guided by the Social Constructionism and Sense of Community theoretical frameworks, the goal of this qualitative research study waste gain a better understanding about the perceptions and experiences of tenants living in a social housing initiative in South Africa. An exploratory and descriptive research design was employed, focusing on the tenants of one social housing initiative. A non-probability purposive sampling procedure was followed. Convenience sampling was applied and followed up by volunteer sampling techniques. The sample size consisted of 9 social housing tenants. Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted by an independent interviewer and used to collect data and analyse themes. Trustworthiness and ethical considerations were adhered to on all levels.This research contributes to a greater understanding of the perceptions and experiences of tenants living in a social housing initiative. The study revealed that most tenants experienced an increased sense of safety in the social housing initiative as compared to the surrounding community. The study further revealed that lower-income tenants have concerns about the long-term affordability of rentals in social housing. Among others, the study recommends that social workers advocate for inclusive social and economic policies to promote greater inclusion of vulnerable groups from low-income backgrounds.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A psychobiographical study of Joseph Stalin
- Authors: Matsolo, Vuyiswa
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Stalin, Joseph -- 1878-1953 , Developmental psychology Self-actualization (Psychology) Psychology -- Biographical methods
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41570 , vital:36530
- Description: Joseph Stalin was the dictator of the Soviet Union from 1929 to 1953. Stalin ruled by terror and millions of people died during his term as leader. Stalin was known as an evil man, however, he was also hailed as a hero who was able to transform Russia into a major super power. Stalin died in 1953 at the age of 74, after suffering a massive stroke. The aim of the current study was to explore and describe the personality development of Stalin, by applying Alfred Adler’s theory of Individual Psychology and Theodore Millon’s Biopsychosocial Model of Personality to the context of his life experiences. The research design is a psychobiography, which is a single case study, and non-probability purposive sampling was used to select Stalin. The data consisted of primary and secondary data sources that described Stalin’s life experiences, and Yin’s (1994) guidelines for data collection were followed for data collection, which include using multiple sources of evidence, creating a case study database, and keeping and maintaining a reliable chain of evidence. The data was analysed in accordance to Miles and Huberman’s (1994a) model of data analysis. The findings of the study indicated that Stalin’s striving for significance was largely influenced by the social environment and cultural context in which he lived. These factors influenced his need for perfection and superiority, which became prevalent in his behaviour within his childhood years and throughout his quest for power in the Soviet Union. Stalin presented with Adler’s active-destructive lifestyle, which aligns with Millon’s antisocial personality pattern which focuses more on meeting the needs of the self at the expense of others.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Matsolo, Vuyiswa
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Stalin, Joseph -- 1878-1953 , Developmental psychology Self-actualization (Psychology) Psychology -- Biographical methods
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41570 , vital:36530
- Description: Joseph Stalin was the dictator of the Soviet Union from 1929 to 1953. Stalin ruled by terror and millions of people died during his term as leader. Stalin was known as an evil man, however, he was also hailed as a hero who was able to transform Russia into a major super power. Stalin died in 1953 at the age of 74, after suffering a massive stroke. The aim of the current study was to explore and describe the personality development of Stalin, by applying Alfred Adler’s theory of Individual Psychology and Theodore Millon’s Biopsychosocial Model of Personality to the context of his life experiences. The research design is a psychobiography, which is a single case study, and non-probability purposive sampling was used to select Stalin. The data consisted of primary and secondary data sources that described Stalin’s life experiences, and Yin’s (1994) guidelines for data collection were followed for data collection, which include using multiple sources of evidence, creating a case study database, and keeping and maintaining a reliable chain of evidence. The data was analysed in accordance to Miles and Huberman’s (1994a) model of data analysis. The findings of the study indicated that Stalin’s striving for significance was largely influenced by the social environment and cultural context in which he lived. These factors influenced his need for perfection and superiority, which became prevalent in his behaviour within his childhood years and throughout his quest for power in the Soviet Union. Stalin presented with Adler’s active-destructive lifestyle, which aligns with Millon’s antisocial personality pattern which focuses more on meeting the needs of the self at the expense of others.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
A psychobiographical study of Theodore Robert Bundy: an object relations approach
- Authors: Landsberg, Melissa
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Developmental psychology , Object relations (Psychoanalysis) Psychology -- Biographical methods Psychology -- United States -- Biographical methods Serial murderers -- United States -- Biography Criminals -- United States -- Biography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/40456 , vital:36167
- Description: The following research study aimed to explore and describe the life and personality development of Theodore Robert Bundy (1946-1989), a serial murderer who confessed to committing more than 30 homicides across different states of America between 1974 and 1978. By examining his distinctive set of cognitions and behaviours through a psychobiographical lens, Bundy’s use of primitive defense mechanisms and level of personality pathology could moreover be identified. In doing so, insights into the psychological motivations behind his aberrant actions could be acquired. This was attained through the application of Kernberg’s (1966) Object Relations Theory to Bundy’s lived experiences. Bundy was chosen as the research subject, based on his infamous reputation and interest value through employing a purposive sampling technique, and subsequently took the form of a qualitative, single case study. Data was collected through the triangulation of multiple primary and secondary sources available in the public domain. This data collection was furthermore processed and analysed through the use of Alexander’s (1988) textual indicators of psychological saliency, and the employment of Miles and Huberman’s (1994) three-step approach to qualitative data analysis (that is, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification). The research findings confirmed Bundy’s pathological use of primitive defense mechanisms linked to Kernberg’s description of lower-level pathologies. It additionally emphasised the significance and utility of psychobiographical studies, and highlighted the value of Kernberg’s theory in understanding personality development. Recommendations were then made for future research endeavors to guide individuals that are interested in conducting similar studies that fall within the same genre of study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Landsberg, Melissa
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Developmental psychology , Object relations (Psychoanalysis) Psychology -- Biographical methods Psychology -- United States -- Biographical methods Serial murderers -- United States -- Biography Criminals -- United States -- Biography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/40456 , vital:36167
- Description: The following research study aimed to explore and describe the life and personality development of Theodore Robert Bundy (1946-1989), a serial murderer who confessed to committing more than 30 homicides across different states of America between 1974 and 1978. By examining his distinctive set of cognitions and behaviours through a psychobiographical lens, Bundy’s use of primitive defense mechanisms and level of personality pathology could moreover be identified. In doing so, insights into the psychological motivations behind his aberrant actions could be acquired. This was attained through the application of Kernberg’s (1966) Object Relations Theory to Bundy’s lived experiences. Bundy was chosen as the research subject, based on his infamous reputation and interest value through employing a purposive sampling technique, and subsequently took the form of a qualitative, single case study. Data was collected through the triangulation of multiple primary and secondary sources available in the public domain. This data collection was furthermore processed and analysed through the use of Alexander’s (1988) textual indicators of psychological saliency, and the employment of Miles and Huberman’s (1994) three-step approach to qualitative data analysis (that is, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification). The research findings confirmed Bundy’s pathological use of primitive defense mechanisms linked to Kernberg’s description of lower-level pathologies. It additionally emphasised the significance and utility of psychobiographical studies, and highlighted the value of Kernberg’s theory in understanding personality development. Recommendations were then made for future research endeavors to guide individuals that are interested in conducting similar studies that fall within the same genre of study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
A Psychobiography of Martin Luther King, jr.
- Authors: Perils, Carlyn Meredith
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: King, Martin Luther, -- Jr., -- 1929-1968 , Psychology -- Biographical methods Politicians -- Psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43160 , vital:36753
- Description: This psychobiography focuses on the leadership style of Martin Luther King, Jr., a leader in the United States civil rights movement. King fought against racism, imperialism, poverty and political disenfranchisement, preached a philosophy of non-violence, and aimed to bring about reconciliation among classes, races, and nations. Transformational leaders stimulate and inspire followers to both achieve remarkable outcomes and, in the process, develop their own leadership capacity. This study makes use of a qualitative research method and is a longitudinal psychobiographical case study. The study aimed to explore, describe, and interpret the leadership style demonstrated by King according to the four leadership dimensions in transformational leadership theory. This psychobiographical study is exploratory-descriptive in nature. King was chosen as a research subject via purposive non- random sampling based on the interest value and significance of his life. Data on King’s leadership style was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Data was analysed according to Alexander’s (1988) method and Miles and Huberman’s (1994) approach. To ensure a trustworthy study, the four criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability were considered. The research did not cause any “distress or harm” to the subject. The subject is long deceased, and a large amount of psychobiographical research was based on “archival” information which was publicly available. Thus reporting such information posed minimal risk of criminal or civil liability being brought against the subject. King was found to demonstrate leadership style associated with idealized influence and inspirational motivation to a much higher extent than individualized consideration or intellectual stimulation. This finding contributes to a more specific understanding of the style of leadership King displayed. The insights gained from this study can be used to guide improvements in leadership practice, in terms of the development of leaders in industry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Perils, Carlyn Meredith
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: King, Martin Luther, -- Jr., -- 1929-1968 , Psychology -- Biographical methods Politicians -- Psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43160 , vital:36753
- Description: This psychobiography focuses on the leadership style of Martin Luther King, Jr., a leader in the United States civil rights movement. King fought against racism, imperialism, poverty and political disenfranchisement, preached a philosophy of non-violence, and aimed to bring about reconciliation among classes, races, and nations. Transformational leaders stimulate and inspire followers to both achieve remarkable outcomes and, in the process, develop their own leadership capacity. This study makes use of a qualitative research method and is a longitudinal psychobiographical case study. The study aimed to explore, describe, and interpret the leadership style demonstrated by King according to the four leadership dimensions in transformational leadership theory. This psychobiographical study is exploratory-descriptive in nature. King was chosen as a research subject via purposive non- random sampling based on the interest value and significance of his life. Data on King’s leadership style was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Data was analysed according to Alexander’s (1988) method and Miles and Huberman’s (1994) approach. To ensure a trustworthy study, the four criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability were considered. The research did not cause any “distress or harm” to the subject. The subject is long deceased, and a large amount of psychobiographical research was based on “archival” information which was publicly available. Thus reporting such information posed minimal risk of criminal or civil liability being brought against the subject. King was found to demonstrate leadership style associated with idealized influence and inspirational motivation to a much higher extent than individualized consideration or intellectual stimulation. This finding contributes to a more specific understanding of the style of leadership King displayed. The insights gained from this study can be used to guide improvements in leadership practice, in terms of the development of leaders in industry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
A systematic review of operationalizations of culture in post traumatic stress
- Ramasodi, Precious, Cronje, Johan
- Authors: Ramasodi, Precious , Cronje, Johan
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43037 , vital:36729
- Description: Research which looks at the influence of culture on posttraumatic experience has explored the culture construct through many differing lenses. This is because of the complex nature of culture. Since investigators may delineate culture in any number of ways there are a host of ways in which culture can be operationalised. The presence of differing operationalisations of culture in the literature is not necessarily a hindrance to the furtherance of knowledge. However, researchers may find it beneficial to employ similar operational terms in order for studies to be compared and amalgamated. The present study reviewed literature studies published between 1980 and 2018 that explored Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD) in different cultural cohorts. Thirty qualitative and quantitative research reports were assessed and six different operational terms were found. These were namely: geographic location, nationality, race, language, religion and ethnicity. Many articles in the pooled articles employed more than one operational to delineate the target population. The key themes which emerged from the pooled articles were the impact of differences between researcher and study participants, the differences in symptom expression and the stigma of the posttraumatic disorder.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Ramasodi, Precious , Cronje, Johan
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43037 , vital:36729
- Description: Research which looks at the influence of culture on posttraumatic experience has explored the culture construct through many differing lenses. This is because of the complex nature of culture. Since investigators may delineate culture in any number of ways there are a host of ways in which culture can be operationalised. The presence of differing operationalisations of culture in the literature is not necessarily a hindrance to the furtherance of knowledge. However, researchers may find it beneficial to employ similar operational terms in order for studies to be compared and amalgamated. The present study reviewed literature studies published between 1980 and 2018 that explored Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD) in different cultural cohorts. Thirty qualitative and quantitative research reports were assessed and six different operational terms were found. These were namely: geographic location, nationality, race, language, religion and ethnicity. Many articles in the pooled articles employed more than one operational to delineate the target population. The key themes which emerged from the pooled articles were the impact of differences between researcher and study participants, the differences in symptom expression and the stigma of the posttraumatic disorder.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019