List of Titles

A preliminary survey of the estuaries on the south coast of South Africa, Robberg Peninsula - Cape St Francis, with particular reference to the fish fauna : ecological overview article

- James, Nicola Caroline, Harrison, T D

Authors: James, Nicola Caroline , Harrison, T D
Date: 2009
Language: English
Type: text , Article
Identifier: vital:7144 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011842
Description: A basic ichthyofaunal and physico-chemical survey of the coastal outlets on the south coast of South Africa (Robberg Peninsula to Cape St Francis) was undertaken during November 1994 and September 1995. Some 27 systems were identified along this stretch of coast and of these, 48% (Brak, Helpmekaars, Klip, Witels, Geelhoutbos, Kleinbos, Bruglaagte, Langbos, Sanddrif, Eerste, Boskloof, Kaapsedrif and Klipdrif [Wes]) comprised the inlets of coastal streams that offer little habitat for fishes, 26% (Sout, Bloukrans, Lottering, Elandsbos, Storms, Elands and Groot [Oos]) are located within deeply incised valleys within the Tsitsikamma region and provide limited littoral habitat for estuary-associated fishes; 26% of the systems (Piesang, Keurbooms, Matjies, Groot [Wes], Tsitsikamma, Klipdrif [Oos], Slang) appear to serve some estuarine function for both marine migrant and resident species although some of these may also be limited due to their small size and infrequent connection with the sea. This study serves to emphasize the ecological importance of these latter estuaries within this coastal sector.
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Date Issued: 2009

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A recurrent neural network approach to quantitatively studying solar wind effects on TEC derived from GPS; preliminary results

- Habarulema, John B, McKinnell, Lee-Anne, Opperman, Ben D L

Authors: Habarulema, John B , McKinnell, Lee-Anne , Opperman, Ben D L
Date: 2009
Language: English
Type: text , Article
Identifier: vital:6813 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004323
Description: This paper attempts to describe the search for the parameter(s) to represent solar wind effects in Global Positioning System total electron content (GPS TEC) modelling using the technique of neural networks (NNs). A study is carried out by including solar wind velocity (Vsw), proton number density (Np) and the Bz component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF Bz) obtained from the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) satellite as separate inputs to the NN each along with day number of the year (DN), hour (HR), a 4-month running mean of the daily sunspot number (R4) and the running mean of the previous eight 3-hourly magnetic A index values (A8). Hourly GPS TEC values derived from a dual frequency receiver located at Sutherland (32.38° S, 20.81° E), South Africa for 8 years (2000–2007) have been used to train the Elman neural network (ENN) and the result has been used to predict TEC variations for a GPS station located at Cape Town (33.95° S, 18.47° E). Quantitative results indicate that each of the parameters considered may have some degree of influence on GPS TEC at certain periods although a decrease in prediction accuracy is also observed for some parameters for different days and seasons. It is also evident that there is still a difficulty in predicting TEC values during disturbed conditions. The improvements and degradation in prediction accuracies are both close to the benchmark values which lends weight to the belief that diurnal, seasonal, solar and magnetic variabilities may be the major determinants of TEC variability.
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Date Issued: 2009

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A tetrapod fauna from within the Devonian Antarctic Circle

- Gess, Robert W, Ahlberg, Per Erik Ahlberg

Authors: Gess, Robert W , Ahlberg, Per Erik Ahlberg
Date: 2009
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/72690 , vital:30100 , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaq1645 , https://www.sciencemag.org/content/360/6393/1120/suppl/DC1
Description: Until now, all known fossils of tetrapods (limbed vertebrates with digits) and near-tetrapods (such as Elpistostege, Tiktaalik, and Panderichthys) from the Devonian period have come from localities in tropical to subtropical paleolatitudes. Most are from Laurussia, a continent incorporating Europe, Greenland, and North America, with only one body fossil and one footprint locality from Australia representing the southern supercontinent Gondwana. Here we describe two previously unknown tetrapods from the Late Devonian (late Famennian) Gondwana locality of Waterloo Farm in South Africa, then located within the Antarctic Circle, which demonstrate that Devonian tetrapods were not restricted to warm environments and suggest that they may have been global in distribution.
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Date Issued: 2009

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Alan Peacock and Ilde Rizzo: the heritage game

- Snowball, Jeanette D

Authors: Snowball, Jeanette D
Date: 2009
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71470 , vital:29856 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-009-9106-2
Description: The Heritage Game has an ambitious aim: to persuade those engaged in heritage management that economists have a valuable contribution to make and that they should be allowed to join the table where decisions are made—not as occasional “hired guns” consulting on specific matters, but as routine and continuous contributors to the discussion. As such, the book explains and illuminates some of the fundamental ideas in economics (consumer sovereignty, moral hazard, incentives, opportunity cost) as applied to the “heritage biz”. It is written in a light-hearted style that fulfils the authors’ intention of “making economics palatable and even enjoyable … offering both instruction and entertainment” (p. 10). Even economists familiar with the field will thus find it a pleasurable read, filled as it is with humorous anecdotes and examples drawn from the authors’ personal experiences as contributors to heritage management and policy.
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Date Issued: 2009

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Ameliorating poverty in South Africa through natural resource commercialisation: how can government make a difference?

- Shackleton, Sheona E

Authors: Shackleton, Sheona E
Date: 2009
Language: English
Type: text
Identifier: vital:6614 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016221
Description: [From Introduction] Some of the poorest rural people in South Africa are turning to the natural resource base for income generation. Using traditional skills they are converting a variety of wild resources into commodities that are sold in the market place. Wood and woven craft, medicines, fresh and processed wild foods, alcoholic beverages, building materials, fuelwood, dried mopane worms, cultural artefacts and brooms are just some examples of the array of natural resource products increasingly seen for sale in local and external markets. The majority of participants in this trade have minimal education, few assets to draw on, and little access to alternative sources of income or jobs. A significant proportion are women, with more than half heading their own households. Many come from homes devastated by HIV/AIDS. The cash earned from selling natural resource products, however small, is of critical importance, preventing producers and their families from slipping deeper into poverty. “Since I have been making brooms my children no longer go to bed crying of hunger,” observed one broom producer. The State has an obligation, in terms of its commitment to reducing poverty and developing the so-called 'second economy', to support producers and traders who are desperately trying to make a living for themselves. , This policy brief is based on the original brief made available for a workshop in August 2006. It draws on, amongst other sources, the results of several case studies of natural resource commercialisation undertaken across South Africa. The project was funded by the South Africa-Netherlands Programme on Alternatives in Development (SANPAD), BP South Africa and the National Research Foundation (NRF). The Center for International Forestry Research, with support from SIDA, provided the funding to share these findings with key stakeholders including government policy and decision makers.
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Date Issued: 2009

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An analysis of collective bargaining arrangements in the construction industry

- BWI

Authors: BWI
Date: 2009
Subjects: BWI
Language: English
Type: text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/135556 , vital:37275
Description: The BWI is the global union federation grouping of free and democratic unions, with members in the building, building materials, wood, forestry and allied sectors. The BWI groups together around 318 trade unions representing around 12 million members in 130 countries. The headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland. Regional and Project offices are located in Panama and Malaysia, South Africa, India, Australia, Burkina Faso, Bulgaria, Lebanon, Kenya, South Korea, Russia, Argentina, Peru and Brazil. Our mission is to promote the development of trade unions in our sectors throughout the world, and to promote and enforce workers' rights in the context of sustainable development. The President of the International is Klaus Wiesehiigel from the Building and Forest Workers Union in Germany. The Deputy President is Stefaan Vantourenhout from the Building and Wood Workers union in Belgium and the General Secretary is Anita Normark from Sweden.
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Date Issued: 2009

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An examination of feedback on draft essays, using Halliday's definition of context:

- Quinn, Lynn

Authors: Quinn, Lynn
Date: 2009
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69500 , vital:29544 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2016.1255206
Description: An historical structural understanding underpins the research reported on in this paper. The ideas of the systemic functional linguist, Michael Halliday, are used to examine a draftingresponding-redrafting process used to develop students'. academic writing in the English Language for Academic Purposes (ELAP) course at Rhodes University. Using the Hallidayan framework, I examine how the process can help students adapt to the broader culture of the university and at a more micro level how the comments made by the respondent can help student writers to acquire the academic literacy required to write essays in the context of situation of the ELAP course. The features of field, tenor and mode and their associated textual meanings (that is, experiential meaning, interpersonal meaning and textual meaning) are used to categorise the ways in which comments made at the draft stage of the writing process can develop students' writing. As a result of my research I argue in this paper that it might be useful for writing consultants/lecturers to think of their feedback to students' writing in terms of these categories and to consider whether they have helped students to develop their writing by taking into account the features of the particular social context in which the writing takes place.
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Date Issued: 2009

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An intercultural approach to implementing multilingualism at Rhodes University, South Africa

- Kaschula, Russell H, Maseko, Pamela, Dalvit, Lorenzo, Mapi, Thandeka, Nelani, Linda, Nosilela, Bulelwa, Sam, Msindisi S

Authors: Kaschula, Russell H , Maseko, Pamela , Dalvit, Lorenzo , Mapi, Thandeka , Nelani, Linda , Nosilela, Bulelwa , Sam, Msindisi S
Date: 2009
Subjects: Multilingualism -- South Africa , Intercultural communication , Education, Higher -- South Africa , Language and culture -- South Africa , Language and education -- South Africa , Rhodes University
Language: English
Type: article , text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59390 , vital:27579 , doi: 10.5842/39-0-74
Description: The work of intercultural communication theorists such as Ting-Toomey (1999) and Gudykunst (2003) has informed curriculum design and teaching methodology of the courses developed for teaching isiXhosa for vocational purposes to second language (L2) learners. This seems to be an appropriate theoretical paradigm within multilingual South Africa, where intercultural communication is becoming a daily reality for a growing portion of the population. We make use of this theory to introduce and develop experiential understanding of multilingualism at Rhodes University in various departments and, more generally, on campus.
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Date Issued: 2009

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Analyzing, digitizing and technologizing the oral word: the case of Bongani Sitole

- Kaschula, Russell H, Mostert, André

Authors: Kaschula, Russell H , Mostert, André
Date: 2009
Subjects: Sitole, Bongani, 1937- , Xhosa (African people) -- South Africa , Xhosa poetry , Folk poetry, Xhosa
Language: English
Type: article , text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59368 , vital:27566 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13696810903259384
Description: This article analyzes the oral poetry, izibongo, produced by Xhosa oral poet Bongani Sitole (both in book and technological form). It will trace this poetry from the moment it was orally produced, through to the technologizing and publication of this poetry in book form and on a website. The initial part of this article looks at the life and work of the poet. A contextual analysis of selected poetry is provided. The latter part of the article concentrates on issues related to technology and its relationship to the oral and written word. The term ‘technauriture’ has been coined in order to refer to this process. The contribution of eLearning4Africa (www.elearning4africa.com) to the digitization process of Sitole’s poetry is acknowledged.
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Date Issued: 2009

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Antiretroviral therapy in a South African public health care setting – facilitating and constraining factors

- Ruud, K W, Srinivas, Sunitha C, Toverud, E-L

Authors: Ruud, K W , Srinivas, Sunitha C , Toverud, E-L
Date: 2009
Language: English
Type: text , Article
Identifier: vital:6453 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006831
Description: The objective of the study was to identify and document facilitating and constraining factors in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme in a public health care setting in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Observations for the study were carried out in a district hospital and two down-referral clinics in Makana Local Services Area in the Eastern Cape Province. Two discussion groups with key stakeholders were conducted to gather information about opinions and experiences among the health care providers (HCPs). It was found that the operating ART programme in this setting has been integrated in the existing down-referral health care system, based on follow-up in primary health care (PHC) clinics. Treatment is provided free of charge. The treatment programme provides the patients with access to counselling, nutritional assistance, psychosocial support and social welfare evaluation. However, increasing patient numbers and lack of human resources leads to a heavy workload for the HCPs involved with the ART programme. The need for additional, educated health workers is a major constraint for progress in provision of health care to patients who have accepted their HIV status, and are enrolled, or waiting to be enrolled, on the ART. However, delegation of work tasks among available HCPs and good communication between HCPs in the different clinics is a facilitating factor that ensures efficient use of the human resources available. Conclusion: Taking into account the challenges in a resource-constrained setting, this programme shows potential for functioning well as a provider of ART for those who are able and willing to access it. Considering an already heavy workload for HCPs, limitations and challenges still exist in reaching out with adequate treatment to a greater number of people who need ART.
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Date Issued: 2009

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Apis florea in Jordan: source of the founder population

- Haddad, N, Fuchs, S, Hepburn, H Randall, Radloff, Sarah E

Authors: Haddad, N , Fuchs, S , Hepburn, H Randall , Radloff, Sarah E
Date: 2009
Language: English
Type: text , Article
Identifier: vital:6844 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011047
Description: A recent isolated population of Apis florea has been reported from Aqaba in Jordan at the Red Sea, consisting of numerous colonies within a still limited range which apparently is expanding. This region is about 1500 km apart from its next occurrences in Sudan where it had been introduced and first detected in 1985 and about 2000 km apart from its next natural occurrences in Iran and Oman. These bees apparently have been imported by human transport, most likely by ship. This new location thus represents a major jump in the progression of the species still to fill a wide area of possible locations offering adequate living conditions. Here we attempt to track the possible origin of this new population by morphometric methods. This analysis indicated closest relation to A. florea from Oman, thus being the most likely source of this population.
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Date Issued: 2009

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Beyond just research: Experiences from Southern Africa in developing social learning partnerships for resource conservation initiatives

- Shackleton, Charlie M, Cundill, Georgina, Knight, Andrew T

Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Cundill, Georgina , Knight, Andrew T
Date: 2009
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181157 , vital:43703 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00559.x"
Description: There is a well-acknowledged communication or knowledge gap between scientists and decision-makers. Many scientists who take on the challenge of narrowing this gap operate on the understanding that their role is to communicate their findings in a one-way flow of information: from science to decision-makers. However, to be effective scientists must engage in an ongoing social learning process with decision-makers, and regard themselves as facilitators, and also as one among many stakeholders who have valid and important ecological knowledge. The developing world poses some particular challenges in this regard, specifically in terms of the large number of local level subsistence resources users who are important de facto decision-makers. We examine four natural resource management case studies from South Africa that differ in spatial scale and complexity, ranging from a single village to a whole biome. We distil seven lessons to help guide development of social learning processes and organizations in similar situations relating to natural resource planning and management. The lessons pertain to: maintaining ‘key individuals’ within social learning processes; the role of researchers; the formulation of research questions that social learning processes require adaptive long-term funding and capacity support; that local resource users are key decision-makers in developing countries; some perspectives on knowledge; and the need to measure research success.
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Date Issued: 2009

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Cancer stem cells in breast cancer and metastasis:

- Lawson, Jessica C, Blatch, Gregory L, Edkins, Adrienne L

Authors: Lawson, Jessica C , Blatch, Gregory L , Edkins, Adrienne L
Date: 2009
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165057 , vital:41205 , DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0524-9
Description: The cancer stem cell theory poses that cancers develop from a subset of malignant cells that possess stem cell characteristics and has been proposed to account for the development of a variety of malignancies, including breast cancer. These cancer stem cells (CSC) possess characteristics of both stem cells and cancer cells, in that they have the properties of self-renewal, asymmetric cell division, resistance to apoptosis, independent growth, tumourigenicity and metastatic potential. A CSC origin for breast cancer can neatly explain both the heterogeneity of breast cancers and the relapse of the tumours after treatment. However, many reports on CSC in the breast are contradictory. There is variation with respect to how breast cancer stem cells should be identified, their characteristics and a possible lack of correlation between clinical outcome and breast cancer stem cell status of a tumour. These combined factors have made breast cancer stem cells a highly contentious issue. In this review, we highlight the progress in the analysis of cancer stem cells, with an emphasis on breast cancer.
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Date Issued: 2009

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Characterization of manganese tetraarylthiosubstituted phthalocyanines self assembled monolayers

- Matemadombo, Fungisai, Durmus, Mahmut, Togo, Chamunorwa, Limson, Janice, Nyokong, Tebello

Authors: Matemadombo, Fungisai , Durmus, Mahmut , Togo, Chamunorwa , Limson, Janice , Nyokong, Tebello
Date: 2009
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263364 , vital:53621 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.04.059"
Description: Manganese tetraarylthiosubstituted phthalocyanines (complexes 1–5) have been deposited on Au electrode surfaces through the self assembled monolayer (SAM) technique. SAM characteristics reported in this work are: ion barrier factor (∼1); interfacial capacitance (303–539 μF cm−2) and surface coverage (1.06 × 10−10–2.80 × 10−10 mol cm−2). Atomic force microscopy was employed in characterizing a SAM. SAMs of complexes 1–5 were employed to detect L-cysteine (with limit of detection ranging from 2.83 × 10−7 to 3.14 × 10−7 M at potentials of 0.68–0.75 V vs. Ag|AgCl) and nitrite (limit of detection ranging from 1.78 × 10−7 to 3.02 × 10−7 M at potentials of 0.69–0.76 V vs. Ag|AgCl).
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Date Issued: 2009

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Characterization of nickel tetrahydroxy phthalocyanine complexes and the electrocatalytic oxidation of 4-chlorophenol

- Khene, Samson M, Lobb, Kevin A, Nyokong, Tebello

Authors: Khene, Samson M , Lobb, Kevin A , Nyokong, Tebello
Date: 2009
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263308 , vital:53616 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2009.08.019"
Description: This work reports on the use of nickel(II) tetrahydroxy (NiPc(OH)4) and (poly-Ni(OH)Pc(OH)4) phthalocyanine complexes as films on ordinary poly graphite electrode (OPGE) for the electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). The NiPc(OH)4 film was electrotransformed to Ni(OH)Pc(OH)4 film in aqueous 0.1 M NaOH solution to the ‘O–Ni–O oxo’ bridge form. The result showed that the Ni(OH)Pc(OH)4 film on OPGE was more electroactive in terms of increase in current and less catalytic in terms of potential compared to the adsorbed NiPc(OH)4 on OPGE. The reactivity of the two molecules was explained by theoretical calculations. The energies of the frontier orbitals of NiPc(OH)4, Ni(OH)Pc(OH)4 and 4-chlorophenol were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) method. The inter molecular hardness (η) and donor–acceptor hardness (ηDA) of Ni(OH)Pc(OH)4, NiPc(OH)4, Ni(OH)Pc(OH)4/4-chlorophenol and NiPc(OH)4/4-chlorophenol were estimated. The Ni(OH)Pc(OH)4, showed stronger interaction with 4-chlorophenol than NiPc(OH)4. DFT method was also used to model IR and Raman spectrum of H2Pc(OH)4 and NiPc(OH)4.
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Date Issued: 2009

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Characterization of polymeric film of a new manganese phthalocyanine complex octa-substituted with 2-diethylaminoethanethiol, and its use for the electrochemical detection of bentazon

- Akinbulu, Isaac A, Nyokong, Tebello

Authors: Akinbulu, Isaac A , Nyokong, Tebello
Date: 2009
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/262568 , vital:53534 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.07.074"
Description: Manganese acetate octakis-(2-diethyaminoethanethiol) phthalocyanine (AcMnODEAETPc) was newly synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Solution electrochemistry of the complex showed three redox processes assigned to MnIIIPc−1/MnIIIPc−2, MnIIIPc−2/MnIIPc−2 and MnIIPc−2/MnIIPc−3 species. The new molecule was polymerized onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to form thin films of different thickness, giving poly-10-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE, poly-20-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE and poly-30-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE, where 10, 20 and 30 represent the number of voltammetry scans during polymerization. Three distinct redox processes were observed on the modified electrode in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution, pH 5, which confirmed the formation of the polymer. The current signal due to the herbicide, bentazon, was dependent on film thickness; the best signal was obtained on poly-20-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE while poly-10-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE gave the least signal. However, the signals due to the herbicide were better on the different films compared to the bare electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique revealed that differences in film thickness offered different charge transfer resistances, Rct, hence difference in current signals for bentazon oxidation were observed on these films. A Tafel slope of 77 mV/decade, obtained for the herbicide on poly-20-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE, denotes a fast one electron transfer followed by a slow chemical step in the electro-oxidation of bentazon. The voltammetry signals of the herbicide on the films indicated the likely involvement of ring-based redox processes in the detection of the herbicide. A plot of background corrected current response, on this film, versus the concentration of bentazon was linear within the range 50–750 μM with a detection limit of 2.48 × 10−7 M.
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Date Issued: 2009

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Children navigating rural poverty: Rural children's use of wild resources to counteract food insecurity in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

- McGarry, Dylan K, Shackleton, Charlie M

Authors: McGarry, Dylan K , Shackleton, Charlie M
Date: 2009
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181191 , vital:43706 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10796120802677594"
Description: This paper analyzes the role of natural resources in the lives of rural children experiencing heightened vulnerability to poverty and the impact of HIV/AIDS, a subject that previously has been unexplored. The authors highlight wild-food use by rural children as a regular activity that supplements their domestic diets. Over the course of 18 months in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, the authors used a broad quantitative and qualitative methodology to explore the food acquisition and consumption patterns for 850 children. They found that the quality of children's domestic diets was, on average, 60% lower than the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) guidelines. This occurred in a population where 62% of the children surveyed were supplementing their diets with wild foods; and 30% with over half their diet supplemented in this way. Significantly, dietary diversity increased by 13% when wild food supplementation occurred. Another result was the commercialization of wild foods (observed among 47% of the children), wherein significantly more vulnerable children sold these foods. Considering the heightened nutritional and energy needs of children, combined with the impact of poverty and HIV/AIDS on household food access, wild foods represent the last freely attainable food sources available to them.
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Date Issued: 2009

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Children navigating rural poverty: Rural children's use of wild resources to counteract food insecurity in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

- McGarry, Dylan K, Shackleton, Charlie M

Authors: McGarry, Dylan K , Shackleton, Charlie M
Date: 2009
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/372724 , vital:66617 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10796120802677594"
Description: This paper analyzes the role of natural resources in the lives of rural children experiencing heightened vulnerability to poverty and the impact of HIV/AIDS, a subject that previously has been unexplored. The authors highlight wild-food use by rural children as a regular activity that supplements their domestic diets. Over the course of 18 months in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, the authors used a broad quantitative and qualitative methodology to explore the food acquisition and consumption patterns for 850 children. They found that the quality of children’s domestic diets was, on average, 60% lower than the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) guidelines. This occurred in a population where 62% of the children surveyed were supplementing their diets with wild foods; and 30% with over half their diet supplemented in this way. Significantly, dietary diversity increased by 13% when wild food supplementation occurred. Another result was the commercialization of wild foods (observed among 47% of the children), wherein significantly more vulnerable children sold these foods. Considering the heightened nutritional and energy needs of children, combined with the impact of poverty and HIV/AIDS on household food access, wild foods represent the last freely attainable food sources available to them.
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Date Issued: 2009

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