The role of school management teams in the implementation and maintenance of inclusive education
- Authors: Geduld, Deidre Chante
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Inclusive education -- South Africa , Special education -- South Africa , School management teams -- South Africa , Mainstreaming in education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:9470 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/956 , Inclusive education -- South Africa , Special education -- South Africa , School management teams -- South Africa , Mainstreaming in education -- South Africa
- Description: Inclusion is about the organizational change within schools to improve the educational system for all learners. It means changes in the curriculum, changes in how teachers teach and how learners learn, as well as changes in how learners with and without special needs interact with and relate to one another. The quality of leadership makes a significant difference to educator participation in accommodating all learners. However, for this we as educators must ensure that we are fully capable of delivering this service irrespective how old we are or what our qualification levels are. It is my objective to understand the role the school management team plays in facilitating the process of changes, as change cannot be forced and the fear of change must be acknowledged and faced. The qualitative research paradigm and more specifically the participatory action research approach, which is, applied research that treats knowledge as a form of power and designates with the line between research and social action particularly assisted me in answering my research question. xiv used to describe school management team members’ understanding and experiences pertaining to inclusive education and why they are procrastinating. After data analysis of the first step was concluded, the research established that the participant educators were not in favour of inclusive education and for that reason perceived it negatively. Educators are not enthusiastic about inclusivity. Step 2 was the action plan of my research study on which the school management team members decided collective as a method to restructure their thinking towards an implementation programme for inclusive education for their school. The researcher also reflected on the limitations inherent to this study and presented guidelines and recommendations for implementing and maintaining inclusive education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Geduld, Deidre Chante
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Inclusive education -- South Africa , Special education -- South Africa , School management teams -- South Africa , Mainstreaming in education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:9470 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/956 , Inclusive education -- South Africa , Special education -- South Africa , School management teams -- South Africa , Mainstreaming in education -- South Africa
- Description: Inclusion is about the organizational change within schools to improve the educational system for all learners. It means changes in the curriculum, changes in how teachers teach and how learners learn, as well as changes in how learners with and without special needs interact with and relate to one another. The quality of leadership makes a significant difference to educator participation in accommodating all learners. However, for this we as educators must ensure that we are fully capable of delivering this service irrespective how old we are or what our qualification levels are. It is my objective to understand the role the school management team plays in facilitating the process of changes, as change cannot be forced and the fear of change must be acknowledged and faced. The qualitative research paradigm and more specifically the participatory action research approach, which is, applied research that treats knowledge as a form of power and designates with the line between research and social action particularly assisted me in answering my research question. xiv used to describe school management team members’ understanding and experiences pertaining to inclusive education and why they are procrastinating. After data analysis of the first step was concluded, the research established that the participant educators were not in favour of inclusive education and for that reason perceived it negatively. Educators are not enthusiastic about inclusivity. Step 2 was the action plan of my research study on which the school management team members decided collective as a method to restructure their thinking towards an implementation programme for inclusive education for their school. The researcher also reflected on the limitations inherent to this study and presented guidelines and recommendations for implementing and maintaining inclusive education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The role of strategic supply chain management in liquor retail
- Authors: Oppong, George
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Business logistics -- South Africa , Physical distribution of goods -- Management , Retail trade -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8723 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/895 , Business logistics -- South Africa , Physical distribution of goods -- Management , Retail trade -- South Africa
- Description: The underlying objective of this research was to assess the extent to which an efficient supply chain can help retail businesses; particularly liquor businesses to manage their business risks. The case study firm for the research was Big Daddy’s Group, one of the leading independent liquor distribution and retailing firms in South Africa. In order to achieve the objective of the research, a review of relevant literature was done. It began with literature review of retailing in general, highlighting on the major roles they play and the modern trends in the industry. Afterwards the literature was narrowed down to liquor retailing. This was done to ascertain the unique characteristics of that aspect of retailing including the regulations guiding the industry and the specific business risks in that business. The final part of the literature review was on specific concepts and management models such as value chain, supply chain as well as business risk and its management. The literature highlighted the means by which the retailer creates value for the customer and the inherent risks in the industry. There was the indication of supply chain being a key component of the value creating activities (value chain) of the business, and serving as a tool in mitigating possible risks. The literature provided the theoretical proposition (hypothesis) for the assessment of the case study findings from the Big Daddy’s Group. The data collection exercise was done by means of a questionnaire complimented by personal interview. Due to the nature of the firm, in terms of structure and operations, two persons, with considerable insight into the business, the director and the sales/area manager were interviewed for the exercise. The questions posed were categorised into seven key areas of retail operations such as product range, imports, customer awareness, marketing and advertising, supply chain and human resource. The findings were compared with the theoretical propositions developed in the literature review, and the pattern matching logic technique was used to determine the existence or not of any similar predictions or differences. The risks identified in the findings were analysed with the logic of an efficient supply chain as the mitigating tool. The conclusion was that supply chain management is key to the value creation activities and hence the survival of the business. The recommendation therefore is that the retailer should ensure the efficient management of the supply chain network since it has the potential to reduce the inherent risks in their operations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Oppong, George
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Business logistics -- South Africa , Physical distribution of goods -- Management , Retail trade -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8723 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/895 , Business logistics -- South Africa , Physical distribution of goods -- Management , Retail trade -- South Africa
- Description: The underlying objective of this research was to assess the extent to which an efficient supply chain can help retail businesses; particularly liquor businesses to manage their business risks. The case study firm for the research was Big Daddy’s Group, one of the leading independent liquor distribution and retailing firms in South Africa. In order to achieve the objective of the research, a review of relevant literature was done. It began with literature review of retailing in general, highlighting on the major roles they play and the modern trends in the industry. Afterwards the literature was narrowed down to liquor retailing. This was done to ascertain the unique characteristics of that aspect of retailing including the regulations guiding the industry and the specific business risks in that business. The final part of the literature review was on specific concepts and management models such as value chain, supply chain as well as business risk and its management. The literature highlighted the means by which the retailer creates value for the customer and the inherent risks in the industry. There was the indication of supply chain being a key component of the value creating activities (value chain) of the business, and serving as a tool in mitigating possible risks. The literature provided the theoretical proposition (hypothesis) for the assessment of the case study findings from the Big Daddy’s Group. The data collection exercise was done by means of a questionnaire complimented by personal interview. Due to the nature of the firm, in terms of structure and operations, two persons, with considerable insight into the business, the director and the sales/area manager were interviewed for the exercise. The questions posed were categorised into seven key areas of retail operations such as product range, imports, customer awareness, marketing and advertising, supply chain and human resource. The findings were compared with the theoretical propositions developed in the literature review, and the pattern matching logic technique was used to determine the existence or not of any similar predictions or differences. The risks identified in the findings were analysed with the logic of an efficient supply chain as the mitigating tool. The conclusion was that supply chain management is key to the value creation activities and hence the survival of the business. The recommendation therefore is that the retailer should ensure the efficient management of the supply chain network since it has the potential to reduce the inherent risks in their operations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The role of the instrumental principle in economic explanations
- Authors: Hoffmann, Nimi
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Consumer behaviour Utility theory -- Economic aspects Economics -- Sociological aspects Marginal utility
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2712 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002842
- Description: Economic explanations tend to view individuals as acting to satisfy their preferences, so that when given a choice between goods, individuals choose those goods which have greater utility for them – they choose those goods which they believe can best satisfy their preferences in the circumstances at hand. In this thesis, I investigate how utility theory works when it is used to explain behaviour. In theory, utility is a positive concept. It is intended to describe and explain an individual’s behaviour without judging or justifying it. It also seems to be regarded as non-hypothetical, for it explains an individual’s behaviour in terms of preferences which need not be shared by others, but may be wholly particular to her. This implies a distinctive way of approaching people’s behaviour as isolated from and immune to the judgements of a community, for utility cannot be used as a common standard by which we judge an individual’s behaviour as better or worse, appropriate or inappropriate. I argue that this theoretical treatment of utility is substantially different from the practice of using utility to explain behaviour. In the first place, when utility is used to explain behaviour as preference-guided, it treats this behaviour as rational action. An explanation of rational action is, however, necessarily governed by the instrumental principle. This principle is normative – it stipulates the correct relation between a person’s means and her ends, rather than simply describing an existing relation. The principle is also non-hypothetical – our commitment to the principle does not rely on the possession of particular ends, but on having ends in general. The instrumental principle therefore acts as a common standard for reasoning about how to act, so that when we explain an agent’s behaviour as rational action, we expect that her action will conform to standards that we all share in virtue of having ends. Thus, I contend, in order to explain the rational actions of an individual, marginal utility necessarily appeals to the judgements of a community.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Hoffmann, Nimi
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Consumer behaviour Utility theory -- Economic aspects Economics -- Sociological aspects Marginal utility
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2712 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002842
- Description: Economic explanations tend to view individuals as acting to satisfy their preferences, so that when given a choice between goods, individuals choose those goods which have greater utility for them – they choose those goods which they believe can best satisfy their preferences in the circumstances at hand. In this thesis, I investigate how utility theory works when it is used to explain behaviour. In theory, utility is a positive concept. It is intended to describe and explain an individual’s behaviour without judging or justifying it. It also seems to be regarded as non-hypothetical, for it explains an individual’s behaviour in terms of preferences which need not be shared by others, but may be wholly particular to her. This implies a distinctive way of approaching people’s behaviour as isolated from and immune to the judgements of a community, for utility cannot be used as a common standard by which we judge an individual’s behaviour as better or worse, appropriate or inappropriate. I argue that this theoretical treatment of utility is substantially different from the practice of using utility to explain behaviour. In the first place, when utility is used to explain behaviour as preference-guided, it treats this behaviour as rational action. An explanation of rational action is, however, necessarily governed by the instrumental principle. This principle is normative – it stipulates the correct relation between a person’s means and her ends, rather than simply describing an existing relation. The principle is also non-hypothetical – our commitment to the principle does not rely on the possession of particular ends, but on having ends in general. The instrumental principle therefore acts as a common standard for reasoning about how to act, so that when we explain an agent’s behaviour as rational action, we expect that her action will conform to standards that we all share in virtue of having ends. Thus, I contend, in order to explain the rational actions of an individual, marginal utility necessarily appeals to the judgements of a community.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The role of the private radio stations in promoting participatory democracry in Lesotho : the case of Moafrika FM, Catholic FM, Peoples's choice FM and Harvest FM
- Ramakhula, Abeloang Ramakhula
- Authors: Ramakhula, Abeloang Ramakhula
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Radio in politics , Radio broadcasting -- Political aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8399 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/859 , Radio in politics , Radio broadcasting -- Political aspects
- Description: This study is an exploratory assessment of the role of private radio stations in promoting participatory democracy in Lesotho. It seeks to describe the current situation of the role of radio in the country, including levels of rural development programming and community participation. There are eight private radio stations operating in the country. The emergence of the liberalised airwaves created an opportunity for people to have access to information, hence promotion of participatory democracy, though problem of freedom of expression and speech and absence of media policy hinders positive effective participation in issues affecting both journalists and society. The study will use a survey within the purposely selected media professionals to assess how citizens obtain and use information to make informed political choices as well as to measure the influence of private radio stations on political knowledge, attitudes and behavior. The field research will take place in the capital Maseru, where all the private radio stations are based. This will enable the researcher to draw inferences about the role of private radio stations and participatory democracy in Lesotho. The study explores changes that have occurred following the emergence of liberalisation of the radio airwaves in Lesotho from 1994, from almost a century of state owned and dominated national radio station. The central argument in this study is to establish if liberalisation of the airwaves in particular has a significant impact on the democratisation process in the country. Given the country’s limited literacy rate and historic role of broadcast media in Lesotho as a source of all major official information, private radio stations occupies a central role of mobilising and debating issues of national concern. The study, therefore, concludes that the emergence of the private radio stations in Lesotho has increased community participation in political and current affairs. The coverage of radio in the country and its pluralistic character suggest that the private radio stations will remain a crucial broadcast medium of communication in Lesotho, especially for the rural people whose access to television and print are inaccessible.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Ramakhula, Abeloang Ramakhula
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Radio in politics , Radio broadcasting -- Political aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8399 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/859 , Radio in politics , Radio broadcasting -- Political aspects
- Description: This study is an exploratory assessment of the role of private radio stations in promoting participatory democracy in Lesotho. It seeks to describe the current situation of the role of radio in the country, including levels of rural development programming and community participation. There are eight private radio stations operating in the country. The emergence of the liberalised airwaves created an opportunity for people to have access to information, hence promotion of participatory democracy, though problem of freedom of expression and speech and absence of media policy hinders positive effective participation in issues affecting both journalists and society. The study will use a survey within the purposely selected media professionals to assess how citizens obtain and use information to make informed political choices as well as to measure the influence of private radio stations on political knowledge, attitudes and behavior. The field research will take place in the capital Maseru, where all the private radio stations are based. This will enable the researcher to draw inferences about the role of private radio stations and participatory democracy in Lesotho. The study explores changes that have occurred following the emergence of liberalisation of the radio airwaves in Lesotho from 1994, from almost a century of state owned and dominated national radio station. The central argument in this study is to establish if liberalisation of the airwaves in particular has a significant impact on the democratisation process in the country. Given the country’s limited literacy rate and historic role of broadcast media in Lesotho as a source of all major official information, private radio stations occupies a central role of mobilising and debating issues of national concern. The study, therefore, concludes that the emergence of the private radio stations in Lesotho has increased community participation in political and current affairs. The coverage of radio in the country and its pluralistic character suggest that the private radio stations will remain a crucial broadcast medium of communication in Lesotho, especially for the rural people whose access to television and print are inaccessible.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The role of the ward committees as an interface between local government and community: a case study of Makana Municipality
- Authors: Stuurman, Sonwabo Happyboy
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Makana Municipality Local government -- South Africa -- Case studies Local government -- South Africa -- Citizen participation Community development -- South Africa -- Case studies Political participation -- South Africa -- Case studies Democracy -- South Africa South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1994- South Africa -- Politics and government -- 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3292 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003080
- Description: The Ward Committee System was introduced in South Africa in 2001 as a tool to bring government closer to the people and to enhance participatory democracy. The Makana Municipality adopted the system in 2002. Previous research on local government indicates that these structures have not been effective due to the lack of resources to sustain them. This study was interested in furthering such research, using the Makana Municipality as a case study during which unstructured, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with Ward Councillors, Ward Committee Members and Grade 12 learners. The aim of the research was to investigate whether the ward committees did indeed promote the notion of participatory democracy and to what extent grass roots development has been enhanced by this structure of local government. The findings from both the respondents and the observations indicate that, in addition to the lack of resources, the underutilization of the Ward Committee System is a result of the effect of opposing political affiliations within the ward committee system, affiliations that undermine the goal of collaborative decision-making. Whereas the ward committee system is a positive idea, the findings suggest that the government is not supporting these structures by failing to equip the ward committee members with necessary capacities and skills. Therefore, if municipalities are committed to bridging the gap between local government and the community, and are keen to enhance participatory democracy, then capacity building of the ward committees and respect for their role during the decision-making process need to be taken seriously. At present, ward committee members are not influential and active in the decision-making process. In addition, the youth as prospective future ward committee members seemed disillusioned with the notion of participatory democracy, and instead have adopted the mentality that nepotism and corruption, as displayed by those in power, is the only way of governance. This research suggests that the ward committee system, intended to bring government closer to the people, may in fact not only alienate government from the people, but also the people from each other.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Stuurman, Sonwabo Happyboy
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Makana Municipality Local government -- South Africa -- Case studies Local government -- South Africa -- Citizen participation Community development -- South Africa -- Case studies Political participation -- South Africa -- Case studies Democracy -- South Africa South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1994- South Africa -- Politics and government -- 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3292 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003080
- Description: The Ward Committee System was introduced in South Africa in 2001 as a tool to bring government closer to the people and to enhance participatory democracy. The Makana Municipality adopted the system in 2002. Previous research on local government indicates that these structures have not been effective due to the lack of resources to sustain them. This study was interested in furthering such research, using the Makana Municipality as a case study during which unstructured, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with Ward Councillors, Ward Committee Members and Grade 12 learners. The aim of the research was to investigate whether the ward committees did indeed promote the notion of participatory democracy and to what extent grass roots development has been enhanced by this structure of local government. The findings from both the respondents and the observations indicate that, in addition to the lack of resources, the underutilization of the Ward Committee System is a result of the effect of opposing political affiliations within the ward committee system, affiliations that undermine the goal of collaborative decision-making. Whereas the ward committee system is a positive idea, the findings suggest that the government is not supporting these structures by failing to equip the ward committee members with necessary capacities and skills. Therefore, if municipalities are committed to bridging the gap between local government and the community, and are keen to enhance participatory democracy, then capacity building of the ward committees and respect for their role during the decision-making process need to be taken seriously. At present, ward committee members are not influential and active in the decision-making process. In addition, the youth as prospective future ward committee members seemed disillusioned with the notion of participatory democracy, and instead have adopted the mentality that nepotism and corruption, as displayed by those in power, is the only way of governance. This research suggests that the ward committee system, intended to bring government closer to the people, may in fact not only alienate government from the people, but also the people from each other.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The rule of Brigadier Oupa Gqozo in Ciskei: 4 March 1990 to 22 March 1994
- Authors: White, Colin Stewart
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Gqozo, Oupa , Sebe, L L W (Lennox L W) , Massacres -- Bisho (South Africa) , Ciskei (South Africa) -- History -- 20th century , Ciskei (South Africa) -- Politics and government -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2616 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013360
- Description: Although the history of the Eastern Cape has been recorded from the eighteenth century, virtually nothing has been written about the political entity known as the independent Republic of Ciskei (1981 – 1994). This hiatus in our history, coupled with the fact that many of the official records of that period have been destroyed, make it imperative that the role-players of the period be contacted and their evidence be recorded before it is lost to prosperity. This need has motivated the writing of the thesis. The thesis commences with a brief description of the early history and constitutional development of Ciskei. It then has a substantial chapter on Lennox Sebe, the ruler of Ciskei from 1973 to 1990, who is described as the catalyst of Gqozo’s coup d’état. This is followed by a short personal biography of Oupa Gqozo, and his rise to the position of Brigadier in the Ciskei army. On 4 March 1990 Gqozo led the coup by the Ciskei Defence Force that dethroned Sebe. At the outset he ruled in an exemplary manner, but after being misled by South African agents he turned against the African National Congress and his own people. When he established his own party, the African Democratic Movement, and re-instated the hated headman system, civil war followed in Ciskei. Separate chapters in the thesis relate the various traumatic events that occurred during Gqozo’s reign: the killing of Anton Guzana and Charles Sebe; the dismissal of the senior officers of the CDF; the strife during 1991/2; the Bhisho Massacre; its aftermath; the mutiny by the security forces and Gqozo’s resignation on 22 March 1994. The thesis concludes that although Brigadier Gqozo respected the rule of law, and was free of corruption, he was devoid of the necessary academic qualifications, experience and ability, including the necessary insight and foresight, to rule a country. He became paranoid about his own safety and the possible overthrow of his government, and he was too easily swayed by others. In short, Gqozo was inept, rather than evil.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: White, Colin Stewart
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Gqozo, Oupa , Sebe, L L W (Lennox L W) , Massacres -- Bisho (South Africa) , Ciskei (South Africa) -- History -- 20th century , Ciskei (South Africa) -- Politics and government -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2616 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013360
- Description: Although the history of the Eastern Cape has been recorded from the eighteenth century, virtually nothing has been written about the political entity known as the independent Republic of Ciskei (1981 – 1994). This hiatus in our history, coupled with the fact that many of the official records of that period have been destroyed, make it imperative that the role-players of the period be contacted and their evidence be recorded before it is lost to prosperity. This need has motivated the writing of the thesis. The thesis commences with a brief description of the early history and constitutional development of Ciskei. It then has a substantial chapter on Lennox Sebe, the ruler of Ciskei from 1973 to 1990, who is described as the catalyst of Gqozo’s coup d’état. This is followed by a short personal biography of Oupa Gqozo, and his rise to the position of Brigadier in the Ciskei army. On 4 March 1990 Gqozo led the coup by the Ciskei Defence Force that dethroned Sebe. At the outset he ruled in an exemplary manner, but after being misled by South African agents he turned against the African National Congress and his own people. When he established his own party, the African Democratic Movement, and re-instated the hated headman system, civil war followed in Ciskei. Separate chapters in the thesis relate the various traumatic events that occurred during Gqozo’s reign: the killing of Anton Guzana and Charles Sebe; the dismissal of the senior officers of the CDF; the strife during 1991/2; the Bhisho Massacre; its aftermath; the mutiny by the security forces and Gqozo’s resignation on 22 March 1994. The thesis concludes that although Brigadier Gqozo respected the rule of law, and was free of corruption, he was devoid of the necessary academic qualifications, experience and ability, including the necessary insight and foresight, to rule a country. He became paranoid about his own safety and the possible overthrow of his government, and he was too easily swayed by others. In short, Gqozo was inept, rather than evil.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The selective dechlorination of poly-chlorophenols
- Authors: Thomas, Maxwell Paul
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Sewage -- Purification -- Chlorination , Pesticides -- Toxicology , Chlorine -- Toxicology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DTech
- Identifier: vital:10391 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1124 , Sewage -- Purification -- Chlorination , Pesticides -- Toxicology , Chlorine -- Toxicology
- Description: Liquid phase catalytic hydrodechlorinations can provide a convenient and environmentally friendly method for treating organic chlorinated compounds in waste streams generated during the manufacturing of agrochemicals. During such treatment hydrochloric acid is generated as a by-product, which can be easily neutralized employing a base to yield an inorganic salt. This work describes the results obtained during the liquid phase hydrodechlorination of 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP). The hydrodechlorination of these chlorinated phenolic compounds in a mixture of methanol and water was investigated using supported and unsupported palladium catalysts to yield lower chlorinated phenols or phenol. Various parameters were investigated such as catalyst concentration, ammonium formate concentration, effect of base addition and effect of temperature. During this study two methods of hydrodechlorination were also investigated such as hydride-transfer hydrogenolysis, using ammonium formate, and hydrogenolysis, using dihydrogen. These methods offer a mild treatment in terms of the reaction temperature with temperatures used below 800C. A comparison of the palladium catalyst systems using these methods also showed that Pd/C produced the best results in terms of the hydrodechlorination rate and the selectivity towards phenol. When the ammonium formate method was used, complete hydrodechlorination of both substrates was achieved in 1h of reaction time at a selectivity of 100 percent towards phenol. A comparison of the method using dihydrogen and Pd/C showed that the reaction rate and the selectivity towards phenol during the hydrodechlorination of 2,6-DCP were 87.92 percent and 93.30 percent. Similarly, the reaction rate and selectivity during 2,4,6- TCP hydrodechlorination were 63.77 percent and 70.57 percent. These results were achieved in a reaction time of 3 hours. A high catalyst loading increases the reaction rate at the expense of selectivity, due to the formation of cyclohexanone, formed during further hydrogenation of phenol. The formation of cyclohexanone was limited at high temperatures (ca. 800C) with none detected during the hydrodechlorination of 2,6-DCP and 0.19 percent during the hydrodechlorination of 2,4,6-TCP. Evaluation of the hydrodechlorination parameters showed that the catalytic efficiency of the Pd/C catalysts was inhibited as the reaction proceeded due to the formation of HCl as by-product. A significant increase in the reaction rate was achieved when the reaction was performed in the presence of an inorganic base, which neutralized HCl.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Thomas, Maxwell Paul
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Sewage -- Purification -- Chlorination , Pesticides -- Toxicology , Chlorine -- Toxicology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DTech
- Identifier: vital:10391 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1124 , Sewage -- Purification -- Chlorination , Pesticides -- Toxicology , Chlorine -- Toxicology
- Description: Liquid phase catalytic hydrodechlorinations can provide a convenient and environmentally friendly method for treating organic chlorinated compounds in waste streams generated during the manufacturing of agrochemicals. During such treatment hydrochloric acid is generated as a by-product, which can be easily neutralized employing a base to yield an inorganic salt. This work describes the results obtained during the liquid phase hydrodechlorination of 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP). The hydrodechlorination of these chlorinated phenolic compounds in a mixture of methanol and water was investigated using supported and unsupported palladium catalysts to yield lower chlorinated phenols or phenol. Various parameters were investigated such as catalyst concentration, ammonium formate concentration, effect of base addition and effect of temperature. During this study two methods of hydrodechlorination were also investigated such as hydride-transfer hydrogenolysis, using ammonium formate, and hydrogenolysis, using dihydrogen. These methods offer a mild treatment in terms of the reaction temperature with temperatures used below 800C. A comparison of the palladium catalyst systems using these methods also showed that Pd/C produced the best results in terms of the hydrodechlorination rate and the selectivity towards phenol. When the ammonium formate method was used, complete hydrodechlorination of both substrates was achieved in 1h of reaction time at a selectivity of 100 percent towards phenol. A comparison of the method using dihydrogen and Pd/C showed that the reaction rate and the selectivity towards phenol during the hydrodechlorination of 2,6-DCP were 87.92 percent and 93.30 percent. Similarly, the reaction rate and selectivity during 2,4,6- TCP hydrodechlorination were 63.77 percent and 70.57 percent. These results were achieved in a reaction time of 3 hours. A high catalyst loading increases the reaction rate at the expense of selectivity, due to the formation of cyclohexanone, formed during further hydrogenation of phenol. The formation of cyclohexanone was limited at high temperatures (ca. 800C) with none detected during the hydrodechlorination of 2,6-DCP and 0.19 percent during the hydrodechlorination of 2,4,6-TCP. Evaluation of the hydrodechlorination parameters showed that the catalytic efficiency of the Pd/C catalysts was inhibited as the reaction proceeded due to the formation of HCl as by-product. A significant increase in the reaction rate was achieved when the reaction was performed in the presence of an inorganic base, which neutralized HCl.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The sense of coherence and coping resources of adult family caregivers of HIV/AIDS patients in the Kwazakhele area of Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Naidoo, Sherina
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- Patients -- Family relationships , Caregivers -- Family relationships , AIDS (Disease) -- Patients -- Medical care -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9902 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1021 , AIDS (Disease) -- Patients -- Family relationships , Caregivers -- Family relationships , AIDS (Disease) -- Patients -- Medical care -- South Africa
- Description: Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV), which results in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), has many manifestations. Literature reveals that some of these manifestations may compromise the infected individual’s sense of well-being and negatively impact on health related quality of life. As the number of people living with HIV/AIDS disease grows, so does the need for their care. In the early days of the AIDS epidemic, care was primarily handled by special agencies, hospitals and clinics. These agencies have been inundated with the demands of people living with HIV/AIDS, while their resources are shrinking. As it stands now, the total assistance given to people living with HIV/AIDS is provided by relatives and this responsibility of caregiving will more increasingly rest with families. This situation is particularly salient for the rural community in South Africa, which has been disproportionately affected by the AIDS epidemic. AIDS has a tremendous impact on the entire family system, particularly on the individual who has primary responsibility for caregiving. The caregiver must cope with many circumstances that are frustrating and often beyond their control. Caring for a Person Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) appears to be a major stressor in the lives of caregivers, and can be very demanding, impacting on carers financially, physically, emotionally and socially. Given the lack of research on HIV/AIDS family caregiving from a salutogenic approach, this study aimed to explore and describe the sense of coherence and coping of family caregivers of HIV/AIDS patients in the Kwazakhele area in Port Elizabeth. The sample consisted of 50 participants aged between 21 and 65 years, recruited via the Kwazakhele Masizakhe Project. An exploratory-descriptive design was employed. Data was obtained by a biographical questionnaire, the Coping Resources Inventory (CRI) and the Sense of Coherence (SOC-29) Questionnaire. A non-probability convenience sample of adult male and female family caregivers were sampled. Descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients were utilized to describe and explore the coping and sense of coherence of the family caregivers and the correlation between these constructs, respectively. The data obtained from the biographical questionnaire was analysed by using descriptive statistics and frequency counts. Key findings include the following: Results from the coping resources measure indicated that this sample perceived themselves as having an average level of coping resources. The sample tended to rely more readily on spiritual resources and less on cognitive resources. Results from the SOC-29 revealed fairly high mean scores. There is no positive relationship between the SOC-29 and the CRI for the current sample. No significant relationship existed between the SOC and the subscales of the CRI. Suggestions are made for future research, the limitations and value of research were outlined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Naidoo, Sherina
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- Patients -- Family relationships , Caregivers -- Family relationships , AIDS (Disease) -- Patients -- Medical care -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9902 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1021 , AIDS (Disease) -- Patients -- Family relationships , Caregivers -- Family relationships , AIDS (Disease) -- Patients -- Medical care -- South Africa
- Description: Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV), which results in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), has many manifestations. Literature reveals that some of these manifestations may compromise the infected individual’s sense of well-being and negatively impact on health related quality of life. As the number of people living with HIV/AIDS disease grows, so does the need for their care. In the early days of the AIDS epidemic, care was primarily handled by special agencies, hospitals and clinics. These agencies have been inundated with the demands of people living with HIV/AIDS, while their resources are shrinking. As it stands now, the total assistance given to people living with HIV/AIDS is provided by relatives and this responsibility of caregiving will more increasingly rest with families. This situation is particularly salient for the rural community in South Africa, which has been disproportionately affected by the AIDS epidemic. AIDS has a tremendous impact on the entire family system, particularly on the individual who has primary responsibility for caregiving. The caregiver must cope with many circumstances that are frustrating and often beyond their control. Caring for a Person Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) appears to be a major stressor in the lives of caregivers, and can be very demanding, impacting on carers financially, physically, emotionally and socially. Given the lack of research on HIV/AIDS family caregiving from a salutogenic approach, this study aimed to explore and describe the sense of coherence and coping of family caregivers of HIV/AIDS patients in the Kwazakhele area in Port Elizabeth. The sample consisted of 50 participants aged between 21 and 65 years, recruited via the Kwazakhele Masizakhe Project. An exploratory-descriptive design was employed. Data was obtained by a biographical questionnaire, the Coping Resources Inventory (CRI) and the Sense of Coherence (SOC-29) Questionnaire. A non-probability convenience sample of adult male and female family caregivers were sampled. Descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients were utilized to describe and explore the coping and sense of coherence of the family caregivers and the correlation between these constructs, respectively. The data obtained from the biographical questionnaire was analysed by using descriptive statistics and frequency counts. Key findings include the following: Results from the coping resources measure indicated that this sample perceived themselves as having an average level of coping resources. The sample tended to rely more readily on spiritual resources and less on cognitive resources. Results from the SOC-29 revealed fairly high mean scores. There is no positive relationship between the SOC-29 and the CRI for the current sample. No significant relationship existed between the SOC and the subscales of the CRI. Suggestions are made for future research, the limitations and value of research were outlined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The silencing of race at Rhodes: ritual and anti-politics on a post-apartheid campus
- Authors: Goga, Safiyya
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Democracy -- South Africa Racism -- South Africa Post-apartheid era -- South Africa College students -- South Africa -- Political activity South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2778 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002988
- Description: Almost fifteen years after democracy, issues of 'race' still hold daily South African life firmly in its grip. Following calls from foremost South African theorists on 'race', such as Sarah Nuttall, this thesis moves beyond a study of crude 'racism', to the more complex consideration of 'race' as an embedded ideological social formation within the spatial context of Rhodes University. Using analytical concepts such as 'silencing' and 'ritual' the thesis weaves an understanding (1) of how particular powerful representations of institutional history are produced and made dominant, and (2) how seemingly innocuous performances of institutional identity are key to reproducing 'racial' dominance within Rhodes' student life. This ultimately manifests in the production of a deeply 'racialized' commonsensical understanding of the 'most' legitimate and authentic representation and ownership of institutional space. The thesis delves into dominant representations of Rhodes University'S history, considering how these help produce and reproduce 'racial' dominance through, for instance, the production of defining apolitical narratives of 'excellence'. Central to the dominant apolitical institutional history is the production of silences about the past. History, I argue, is less compelling in any revelation of 'what happened' than in illustrating the production of silences used to enable the appropriation of a particular history as the sole relevant history. The 'inheritors of the past', those who are able to lay authoritative and representative claim to it, it is argued, ultimately claim ownership over institutional space. I argue too, that the dominant practices and performances of daily institutional life (re)produce the institutional space as a space of 'racial' dominance. Ritualized performance of the dominant institutional identity produces ownership of institutional space through making some articulations of 'Rhodes identity' more acceptable, legitimate and authentic than others. The dominance of 'drinking culture' in Rhodes student life produces a particular 'racialized' institutional identity as most legitimate. 'Racial' dominance is instituted, consecrated and reproduced through the ritualistic performance of 'drinking culture', which ultimately produces a superior claim of ownership over the institutional space through the reiteration of racial domination that these performances of institutional identity powerfully symbolize.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Goga, Safiyya
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Democracy -- South Africa Racism -- South Africa Post-apartheid era -- South Africa College students -- South Africa -- Political activity South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2778 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002988
- Description: Almost fifteen years after democracy, issues of 'race' still hold daily South African life firmly in its grip. Following calls from foremost South African theorists on 'race', such as Sarah Nuttall, this thesis moves beyond a study of crude 'racism', to the more complex consideration of 'race' as an embedded ideological social formation within the spatial context of Rhodes University. Using analytical concepts such as 'silencing' and 'ritual' the thesis weaves an understanding (1) of how particular powerful representations of institutional history are produced and made dominant, and (2) how seemingly innocuous performances of institutional identity are key to reproducing 'racial' dominance within Rhodes' student life. This ultimately manifests in the production of a deeply 'racialized' commonsensical understanding of the 'most' legitimate and authentic representation and ownership of institutional space. The thesis delves into dominant representations of Rhodes University'S history, considering how these help produce and reproduce 'racial' dominance through, for instance, the production of defining apolitical narratives of 'excellence'. Central to the dominant apolitical institutional history is the production of silences about the past. History, I argue, is less compelling in any revelation of 'what happened' than in illustrating the production of silences used to enable the appropriation of a particular history as the sole relevant history. The 'inheritors of the past', those who are able to lay authoritative and representative claim to it, it is argued, ultimately claim ownership over institutional space. I argue too, that the dominant practices and performances of daily institutional life (re)produce the institutional space as a space of 'racial' dominance. Ritualized performance of the dominant institutional identity produces ownership of institutional space through making some articulations of 'Rhodes identity' more acceptable, legitimate and authentic than others. The dominance of 'drinking culture' in Rhodes student life produces a particular 'racialized' institutional identity as most legitimate. 'Racial' dominance is instituted, consecrated and reproduced through the ritualistic performance of 'drinking culture', which ultimately produces a superior claim of ownership over the institutional space through the reiteration of racial domination that these performances of institutional identity powerfully symbolize.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The South African community pharmacist and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus a pharmaceutical care intervention
- Authors: Hill, Peter William
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Pharmacist and patient -- South Africa , Pharmaceutical services -- Patients , Pharmaceutical services -- South Africa , Pharmacists -- South Africa , Diabetes -- Treatment -- South Africa , Community health services -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3760 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003238 , Pharmacist and patient -- South Africa , Pharmaceutical services -- Patients , Pharmaceutical services -- South Africa , Pharmacists -- South Africa , Diabetes -- Treatment -- South Africa , Community health services -- South Africa
- Description: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease of pandemic magnitude, increasingly contributing to the disease burden of countries in the developing world, largely because of the effects of unhealthy lifestyles fuelled by unbridled urbanisation. In certain settings, patients with diabetes are more likely to have a healthcare encounter with a pharmacist than with any other healthcare provider. The overall aim of the study was to investigate the potential of South African community pharmacists to positively influence patient adherence and metabolic control in Type 2 diabetes. The designated primary endpoint was glycated haemoglobin, with the intermediate health outcomes of blood lipids, serum creatinine, blood pressure and body mass index serving as secondary endpoints. Community pharmacists and their associated Type 2 diabetes patients were recruited from areas throughout South Africa using the communication media of various nonstatutory pharmacy organisations. Although 156 pharmacists initially indicated interest in participating in the study, only 28 pharmacists and 153 patients were enrolled prior to baseline data collection. Of these, 16 pharmacists and 57 patients participated in the study for the full twelve months. Baseline clinical and psychosocial data were collected, after which pharmacists and their patients were randomised, nine pharmacists and 34 patients to the intervention group and 8 pharmacists and 27 patients to the control group. The sample size calculation revealed that each group required the participation of a minimum of 35 patients. Control pharmacists were requested to offer standard pharmaceutical care, while the intervention pharmacists were provided with a scope of practice diabetes care plan to guide the diabetes care they were to provide. Data were again collected 12-months postbaseline. At baseline, proportionally more intervention patients (82.4%) than control patients (59.3%) were using only oral anti-diabetes agents (i.e. not in combination with insulin), while insulin usage, either alone or in combination with oral agents was conversely greater in the control group (40.7%) than in the intervention group (17.6%) (Chi-squared test, p=0.013). Approximately half of the patients (53.8% control and 47.1% intervention) reported having their HbA1c levels measured in terms of accepted guidelines. There was no significant difference in HbA1c between the groups at the end of the study (Independent t-test, p=0.514). In the control group, the mean HbA1c increased from 7.3±1.2% to 7.6±1.5%, while for the intervention patients the variable remained almost constant (8.2±2.0% at baseline and 8.2±1.8% at post-baseline). Similarly, there were no significant differences between the groups with regard to any of the designated secondary clinical endpoints. Adherence to medication and self-management recommendations was similarly good for both groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups for any of the other psychosocial variables measured. In conclusion, intervention pharmacists were not able to significantly influence glycaemic control or therapeutic adherence compared to the control pharmacists.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Hill, Peter William
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Pharmacist and patient -- South Africa , Pharmaceutical services -- Patients , Pharmaceutical services -- South Africa , Pharmacists -- South Africa , Diabetes -- Treatment -- South Africa , Community health services -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3760 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003238 , Pharmacist and patient -- South Africa , Pharmaceutical services -- Patients , Pharmaceutical services -- South Africa , Pharmacists -- South Africa , Diabetes -- Treatment -- South Africa , Community health services -- South Africa
- Description: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease of pandemic magnitude, increasingly contributing to the disease burden of countries in the developing world, largely because of the effects of unhealthy lifestyles fuelled by unbridled urbanisation. In certain settings, patients with diabetes are more likely to have a healthcare encounter with a pharmacist than with any other healthcare provider. The overall aim of the study was to investigate the potential of South African community pharmacists to positively influence patient adherence and metabolic control in Type 2 diabetes. The designated primary endpoint was glycated haemoglobin, with the intermediate health outcomes of blood lipids, serum creatinine, blood pressure and body mass index serving as secondary endpoints. Community pharmacists and their associated Type 2 diabetes patients were recruited from areas throughout South Africa using the communication media of various nonstatutory pharmacy organisations. Although 156 pharmacists initially indicated interest in participating in the study, only 28 pharmacists and 153 patients were enrolled prior to baseline data collection. Of these, 16 pharmacists and 57 patients participated in the study for the full twelve months. Baseline clinical and psychosocial data were collected, after which pharmacists and their patients were randomised, nine pharmacists and 34 patients to the intervention group and 8 pharmacists and 27 patients to the control group. The sample size calculation revealed that each group required the participation of a minimum of 35 patients. Control pharmacists were requested to offer standard pharmaceutical care, while the intervention pharmacists were provided with a scope of practice diabetes care plan to guide the diabetes care they were to provide. Data were again collected 12-months postbaseline. At baseline, proportionally more intervention patients (82.4%) than control patients (59.3%) were using only oral anti-diabetes agents (i.e. not in combination with insulin), while insulin usage, either alone or in combination with oral agents was conversely greater in the control group (40.7%) than in the intervention group (17.6%) (Chi-squared test, p=0.013). Approximately half of the patients (53.8% control and 47.1% intervention) reported having their HbA1c levels measured in terms of accepted guidelines. There was no significant difference in HbA1c between the groups at the end of the study (Independent t-test, p=0.514). In the control group, the mean HbA1c increased from 7.3±1.2% to 7.6±1.5%, while for the intervention patients the variable remained almost constant (8.2±2.0% at baseline and 8.2±1.8% at post-baseline). Similarly, there were no significant differences between the groups with regard to any of the designated secondary clinical endpoints. Adherence to medication and self-management recommendations was similarly good for both groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups for any of the other psychosocial variables measured. In conclusion, intervention pharmacists were not able to significantly influence glycaemic control or therapeutic adherence compared to the control pharmacists.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The spatial ecology and activity patterns of leopards (Panthera pardus) in the Baviaanskloof and Greater Addo Elephant National Park (GAENP), Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: McManus, Jeannine Stephanie
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Leopard -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Leopard -- Monitoring -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Leopard -- Conservation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Leopard -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Spatial ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Wildlife monitoring -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Animal populations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Wildlife conservation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5823 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007601 , Leopard -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Leopard -- Monitoring -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Leopard -- Conservation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Leopard -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Spatial ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Wildlife monitoring -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Animal populations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Wildlife conservation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The conservation of leopards in the Eastern Cape Province requires a holistic approach that considers both predator-human interactions as well as the biology of the carnivore. Numerous studies have been conducted on leopards within protected areas; however more information regarding the species is needed outside these areas to facilitate effective management of predators. The spatial ecology of the leopard (Panthera pardus) were studied in the Baviaanskloof and GAENP in the Eastern Cape. The Baviaanskloof is an extensive area of mountainous terrain (approximately 2665km²) which has a mosaic of land uses, and leopards move from conservation areas to farmland where they come into contact and conflict with farmers. This study examined the spatial ecology of leopards living on farmlands adjacent to protected land. The space utilization and activity patterns of six leopards were analysed. These animals were caught and released on farmlands in the Baviaanskloof (n=4) or translocated (n=2) when not possible to release on site. The animals were caught by means of fall-door, walk-in traps and fitted with Vectronic GPS collars that facilitated the collection of high quality GPS fixes from each animal. Data was collected using VHF and UHF telemetry to download data. An understanding of spatial requirements in areas with different land use, and the extent of overlap of space use with other leopards allow, for the first time in the region, the calculation of possible maximum population size. Analysis of range size was carried out using two methods: minimum convex polygon, and Kernel Utilization Distribution. Finally, a key predictor of space use is prey availability. I assessed the prey base using a grid of camera traps. The studied leopards revealed large range utilization with minimal overlap. The activity patterns suggest there is no preference between diurnal and nocturnal activity patterns and the population density was estimated between 0.3 - 1.3 leopards per 100km². Large home range sizes and low population densities suggest that leopards require large areas of suitable habitat, and that conservation efforts need to be extended beyond protected areas to ensure the long-term viability of leopard populations in such areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: McManus, Jeannine Stephanie
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Leopard -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Leopard -- Monitoring -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Leopard -- Conservation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Leopard -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Spatial ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Wildlife monitoring -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Animal populations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Wildlife conservation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5823 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007601 , Leopard -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Leopard -- Monitoring -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Leopard -- Conservation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Leopard -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Spatial ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Wildlife monitoring -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Animal populations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Wildlife conservation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The conservation of leopards in the Eastern Cape Province requires a holistic approach that considers both predator-human interactions as well as the biology of the carnivore. Numerous studies have been conducted on leopards within protected areas; however more information regarding the species is needed outside these areas to facilitate effective management of predators. The spatial ecology of the leopard (Panthera pardus) were studied in the Baviaanskloof and GAENP in the Eastern Cape. The Baviaanskloof is an extensive area of mountainous terrain (approximately 2665km²) which has a mosaic of land uses, and leopards move from conservation areas to farmland where they come into contact and conflict with farmers. This study examined the spatial ecology of leopards living on farmlands adjacent to protected land. The space utilization and activity patterns of six leopards were analysed. These animals were caught and released on farmlands in the Baviaanskloof (n=4) or translocated (n=2) when not possible to release on site. The animals were caught by means of fall-door, walk-in traps and fitted with Vectronic GPS collars that facilitated the collection of high quality GPS fixes from each animal. Data was collected using VHF and UHF telemetry to download data. An understanding of spatial requirements in areas with different land use, and the extent of overlap of space use with other leopards allow, for the first time in the region, the calculation of possible maximum population size. Analysis of range size was carried out using two methods: minimum convex polygon, and Kernel Utilization Distribution. Finally, a key predictor of space use is prey availability. I assessed the prey base using a grid of camera traps. The studied leopards revealed large range utilization with minimal overlap. The activity patterns suggest there is no preference between diurnal and nocturnal activity patterns and the population density was estimated between 0.3 - 1.3 leopards per 100km². Large home range sizes and low population densities suggest that leopards require large areas of suitable habitat, and that conservation efforts need to be extended beyond protected areas to ensure the long-term viability of leopard populations in such areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The study of the (FCUBE) capitation grant and the school feeding programmes/schemes : a case study of the Ashiedu Keteke sub-metro in the greater Accra Region of Ghana
- Authors: Mohammed, Fuseina Mama
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Food relief -- Ghana , School children -- Food -- Ghana , Children -- Nutrition -- Ghana
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8583 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1195 , Food relief -- Ghana , School children -- Food -- Ghana , Children -- Nutrition -- Ghana
- Description: The study focused on the impacts and challenges associated with the introduction of FCUBE with particular emphasis on the Capitation Grant and the School Feeding Programmes in the Ashiedu Keteke Sub-Metro of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Data was collected from Six Basic Schools in the Sub- Metro under Circuits 12 and 13. This study found out from the participants that the introduction of these policy options even though has improved enrolment and the quality of education is faced with a lot of obstacles and challenges such as access to school, shortage of teachers, economic and social cultural practices etc. It seems evident from the analysis in this study and observations that despite the achievements of government, there still are a number of children out of school in Ghana and being denied the right to education and therefore the goals of universal access to primary quality education cannot be achieved through the linear expansion of existing public schools system alone. One limitation was that the sample was quite small due to limited time and resources. The study contributes to the understanding of what the various education policies say and what really happens on the ground. It provides a foundation for further studies on a more extensive scale so as to get a broader picture of what the education sector really experience, as well providing guidance for the ministry to take actions that make it more friendly.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Mohammed, Fuseina Mama
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Food relief -- Ghana , School children -- Food -- Ghana , Children -- Nutrition -- Ghana
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8583 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1195 , Food relief -- Ghana , School children -- Food -- Ghana , Children -- Nutrition -- Ghana
- Description: The study focused on the impacts and challenges associated with the introduction of FCUBE with particular emphasis on the Capitation Grant and the School Feeding Programmes in the Ashiedu Keteke Sub-Metro of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Data was collected from Six Basic Schools in the Sub- Metro under Circuits 12 and 13. This study found out from the participants that the introduction of these policy options even though has improved enrolment and the quality of education is faced with a lot of obstacles and challenges such as access to school, shortage of teachers, economic and social cultural practices etc. It seems evident from the analysis in this study and observations that despite the achievements of government, there still are a number of children out of school in Ghana and being denied the right to education and therefore the goals of universal access to primary quality education cannot be achieved through the linear expansion of existing public schools system alone. One limitation was that the sample was quite small due to limited time and resources. The study contributes to the understanding of what the various education policies say and what really happens on the ground. It provides a foundation for further studies on a more extensive scale so as to get a broader picture of what the education sector really experience, as well providing guidance for the ministry to take actions that make it more friendly.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The syntheses, characterization and fluorescence spectra of novel, octakis (alkylthiophthalocyanato) nickel (II) and palladium (II) complexes
- Ogunbayo, Taofeek Babatunde, Ogunsipe, Abimbola, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Ogunbayo, Taofeek Babatunde , Ogunsipe, Abimbola , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263386 , vital:53623 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2009.03.009"
- Description: The syntheses, characterization and fluorescence studies of several {octakis(alkylthio)phthalocyanato} palladium(II) and nickel(II) complexes are presented. The absorption spectra of some of the complexes showed extra peaks which are attributable to non-planar distortion, the extent of which, was found to dependent on alkyl chain length. The fluorescence excitation spectra of the nickel(II) derivatives were not in agreement with their absorption spectra, owing to structural changes upon excitation. Fluorescence quantum yields were very low (more than 1%) for all complexes as a consequence of the open-shell electronic structures of nickel(II) and palladium(II).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Ogunbayo, Taofeek Babatunde , Ogunsipe, Abimbola , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263386 , vital:53623 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2009.03.009"
- Description: The syntheses, characterization and fluorescence studies of several {octakis(alkylthio)phthalocyanato} palladium(II) and nickel(II) complexes are presented. The absorption spectra of some of the complexes showed extra peaks which are attributable to non-planar distortion, the extent of which, was found to dependent on alkyl chain length. The fluorescence excitation spectra of the nickel(II) derivatives were not in agreement with their absorption spectra, owing to structural changes upon excitation. Fluorescence quantum yields were very low (more than 1%) for all complexes as a consequence of the open-shell electronic structures of nickel(II) and palladium(II).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The synthesis and photophysicochemical behaviour of novel water-soluble cationic indium (III) phthalocyanine
- Durmus, Mahmut, Erdoğmuş, Ali, Ogunsipe, Abimbola, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Durmus, Mahmut , Erdoğmuş, Ali , Ogunsipe, Abimbola , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263419 , vital:53626 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2009.01.008"
- Description: The syntheses and characterization of 2,3-octakis-(3-pyridyloxyphthalocyaninato) indium(III) and quaternized 2,3-octakis-(3-pyridyloxyphthalocyaninato) indium(III) are described. The ground state electronic absorption spectra, photophysics and photochemistry of both dyes in DMSO as well as that of the quaternized compound in aqueous solution are also presented. A comparison of the photophysical and photochemical parameters of the two dyes revealed that quaternized 2,3-octakis-(3-pyridyloxyphthalocyaninato) indium(III) was a better photosensitizer than its unquaternized counterpart. The quantum yield values of fluorescence (ΦF), triplet state formation (ΦT) and singlet oxygen formation (ΦΔ) for the cationic dye were found to be 0.03, 0.68 and 0.66 respectively in DMSO; these values were higher than those for 2,3-octakis-(3-pyridyloxyphthalocyaninato) indium(III), which exhibited values of 0.02, 0.66 and 0.63, respectively in DMSO. The values for the cationic dye in aq. solution were 0.02, 0.59 and 0.56 respectively, suggesting that the water-soluble quaternized 2,3-octakis-(3-pyridyloxyphthalocyaninato) indium(III) offers potential as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy treatment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Durmus, Mahmut , Erdoğmuş, Ali , Ogunsipe, Abimbola , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263419 , vital:53626 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2009.01.008"
- Description: The syntheses and characterization of 2,3-octakis-(3-pyridyloxyphthalocyaninato) indium(III) and quaternized 2,3-octakis-(3-pyridyloxyphthalocyaninato) indium(III) are described. The ground state electronic absorption spectra, photophysics and photochemistry of both dyes in DMSO as well as that of the quaternized compound in aqueous solution are also presented. A comparison of the photophysical and photochemical parameters of the two dyes revealed that quaternized 2,3-octakis-(3-pyridyloxyphthalocyaninato) indium(III) was a better photosensitizer than its unquaternized counterpart. The quantum yield values of fluorescence (ΦF), triplet state formation (ΦT) and singlet oxygen formation (ΦΔ) for the cationic dye were found to be 0.03, 0.68 and 0.66 respectively in DMSO; these values were higher than those for 2,3-octakis-(3-pyridyloxyphthalocyaninato) indium(III), which exhibited values of 0.02, 0.66 and 0.63, respectively in DMSO. The values for the cationic dye in aq. solution were 0.02, 0.59 and 0.56 respectively, suggesting that the water-soluble quaternized 2,3-octakis-(3-pyridyloxyphthalocyaninato) indium(III) offers potential as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy treatment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The synthesis and photophysicochemical properties of low-symmetry zinc phthalocyanine analogues
- Chidawanyika, Wadzanai J U, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Chidawanyika, Wadzanai J U , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263397 , vital:53624 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.06.005"
- Description: The synthesis of a low-symmetry derivative, zinc mono-carboxy substituted phthalocyanine, ZnPc-COOH (4) has been reported. The photochemical and photophysical properties of ZnPc-COOH (4), ZnTMPyPc (5), ZnttbPc (6) and a previously synthesized low-symmetry derivative, ZnttbIPc (7), in various organic solvents are reported. The red-shifting of the spectra of 4 and 5 (relative to that of unsubstituted zinc phthalocyanine, ZnPc) is a function of the electron-donating sulfur-containing substituents attached to the periphery of the molecule. High triplet quantum yields (ФT) generally occur in response to substitution on the zinc phthalocyanine ring periphery. The highest ФT values and triplet lifetimes (τT) occur in DMSO for all derivatives as a result of the solvent's high viscosity. The strongly electron-withdrawing imido fused ring of ZnttbIPc (7) stabilizes it against photo-oxidative degradation relative to the other derivatives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Chidawanyika, Wadzanai J U , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263397 , vital:53624 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.06.005"
- Description: The synthesis of a low-symmetry derivative, zinc mono-carboxy substituted phthalocyanine, ZnPc-COOH (4) has been reported. The photochemical and photophysical properties of ZnPc-COOH (4), ZnTMPyPc (5), ZnttbPc (6) and a previously synthesized low-symmetry derivative, ZnttbIPc (7), in various organic solvents are reported. The red-shifting of the spectra of 4 and 5 (relative to that of unsubstituted zinc phthalocyanine, ZnPc) is a function of the electron-donating sulfur-containing substituents attached to the periphery of the molecule. High triplet quantum yields (ФT) generally occur in response to substitution on the zinc phthalocyanine ring periphery. The highest ФT values and triplet lifetimes (τT) occur in DMSO for all derivatives as a result of the solvent's high viscosity. The strongly electron-withdrawing imido fused ring of ZnttbIPc (7) stabilizes it against photo-oxidative degradation relative to the other derivatives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The synthesis, cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemical studies of Co (II) phthalocyanines tetra-substituted at the α and β positions with phenylthio groups
- Nombona, Nolwazi, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Nombona, Nolwazi , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/264529 , vital:53742 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2008.06.002"
- Description: Non-peripherally substituted cobalt 1,(4)-(tetraphenylthiophthalocyaninato) and peripherally substituted cobalt 2,(3)-(tetraphenylthiophthalocyaninato) complexes were synthesized. Redox processes were observed at E1/2 = −1.44 V (I), −0.39 V (II), +0.37 V (III), +0.78 V (IV) and 1.15 V (V) for the non-peripherally substituted and at E1/2 = −1.42 V (I), −0.57, −0.39 V (II), +0.27 V (III), +0.79 V (IV) and +1.10 V (V) for the peripherally substituted complexes, respectively. The couples were assigned to CoIPc−2/CoIPc−3 (I), CoIIPc−2/CoIPc−2 (II), CoIIIPc−2/CoIIPc−2 (III), and CoIIIPc−1/CoIIIPc−2 (IV) using spectroelectrochemistry. The last process (V) could not be ascertained by spectroelectrochemistry but is associated with ring oxidation. Upon reduction or oxidation, the Q band of the non-peripherally substituted complex became less red shifted compared to that of its peripherally substituted counterpart.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Nombona, Nolwazi , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/264529 , vital:53742 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2008.06.002"
- Description: Non-peripherally substituted cobalt 1,(4)-(tetraphenylthiophthalocyaninato) and peripherally substituted cobalt 2,(3)-(tetraphenylthiophthalocyaninato) complexes were synthesized. Redox processes were observed at E1/2 = −1.44 V (I), −0.39 V (II), +0.37 V (III), +0.78 V (IV) and 1.15 V (V) for the non-peripherally substituted and at E1/2 = −1.42 V (I), −0.57, −0.39 V (II), +0.27 V (III), +0.79 V (IV) and +1.10 V (V) for the peripherally substituted complexes, respectively. The couples were assigned to CoIPc−2/CoIPc−3 (I), CoIIPc−2/CoIPc−2 (II), CoIIIPc−2/CoIIPc−2 (III), and CoIIIPc−1/CoIIIPc−2 (IV) using spectroelectrochemistry. The last process (V) could not be ascertained by spectroelectrochemistry but is associated with ring oxidation. Upon reduction or oxidation, the Q band of the non-peripherally substituted complex became less red shifted compared to that of its peripherally substituted counterpart.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The thoroughly democratic logic of refusing to vote
- Authors: Pithouse, Richard, 1970-
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6202 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008570
- Description: [From introduction]: Poor people’s movements like the Landless People’s Movement in Johannesburg, the Anti-Eviction Campaign in Cape Town and Abahlali baseMjondolo in Durban and Cape Town, along with a host of smaller community organisations around the country, have announced their refusal to vote in the coming election.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Pithouse, Richard, 1970-
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6202 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008570
- Description: [From introduction]: Poor people’s movements like the Landless People’s Movement in Johannesburg, the Anti-Eviction Campaign in Cape Town and Abahlali baseMjondolo in Durban and Cape Town, along with a host of smaller community organisations around the country, have announced their refusal to vote in the coming election.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The TPR2B domain of the Hsp70/Hsp90 organizing protein (Hop) may contribute towards its dimerization
- Longshaw, Victoria M, Stephens, Linda L, Daniel, Sheril, Blatch, Gregory L
- Authors: Longshaw, Victoria M , Stephens, Linda L , Daniel, Sheril , Blatch, Gregory L
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6481 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006253 , http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986609787848162
- Description: The role of the TPR2B domain of Hop is as yet unknown. We have shown here by site directed mutagenesis and size exclusion chromatography for the first time that the TPR1 and TPR2B domains of Hop independently dimerized, and that the dimerization of TPR2B was not dependent on its predicted two-carboxylate clamp residues. Furthermore, our data indicated that the dimerization of Hop and its domains was not disrupted in the presence of Hsp70 and Hsp90 peptides.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The TPR2B domain of the Hsp70/Hsp90 organizing protein (Hop) may contribute towards its dimerization
- Authors: Longshaw, Victoria M , Stephens, Linda L , Daniel, Sheril , Blatch, Gregory L
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6481 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006253 , http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986609787848162
- Description: The role of the TPR2B domain of Hop is as yet unknown. We have shown here by site directed mutagenesis and size exclusion chromatography for the first time that the TPR1 and TPR2B domains of Hop independently dimerized, and that the dimerization of TPR2B was not dependent on its predicted two-carboxylate clamp residues. Furthermore, our data indicated that the dimerization of Hop and its domains was not disrupted in the presence of Hsp70 and Hsp90 peptides.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The transportability and utility of cognitive therapy in South African contexts: a review
- Authors: Young, Charles
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6279 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008280
- Description: Cognitive therapy could be more widely promoted in South Africa given the great disparity between the need and provision of psychological therapies. Three possible objections to the promotion of cognitive therapy are considered: uncertainty surrounding the effectiveness of cognitive therapy in South African contexts; uncertainty surrounding the applicability in multicultural contexts; and suggestions that cognitive therapy is decontextualised and therefore objectionable in a country facing major social challenges. A systematic review of the literature indentified 15 outcome studies, and suggests that cognitive therapy is a viable and much-needed approach in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Young, Charles
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6279 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008280
- Description: Cognitive therapy could be more widely promoted in South Africa given the great disparity between the need and provision of psychological therapies. Three possible objections to the promotion of cognitive therapy are considered: uncertainty surrounding the effectiveness of cognitive therapy in South African contexts; uncertainty surrounding the applicability in multicultural contexts; and suggestions that cognitive therapy is decontextualised and therefore objectionable in a country facing major social challenges. A systematic review of the literature indentified 15 outcome studies, and suggests that cognitive therapy is a viable and much-needed approach in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The use of the van Hiele theory in investigating teaching strategies used by grade 10 geometry teachers in Namibia
- Authors: Muyeghu, Augustinus
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Hiele, Pierre M. van Kilpatrick, Jeremy Geometry -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Namibia Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Namibia Mathematics teachers -- Training of -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1817 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003703
- Description: This study reports on the extent to which selected mathematics teachers facilitate the teaching and learning of geometry at the van Hiele levels 1 and 2 at a Grade 10 level in selected schools in Namibia. It also addresses and explores the teaching strategies teachers employ in their classrooms. Kilpatrick et al.’s model for proficient teaching and the van Hiele model of geometric thinking were used to explore the type of teaching strategies employed by selected mathematics teachers. These two models served as guidelines from which interview and classroom observation protocols were developed. Given the continuing debate across the world about the learning and teaching of geometry, my thesis aims to contribute to a wider understanding of the teaching of geometry with regard to the van Hiele levels 1 and 2. There are no similar studies on the teaching of geometry in Namibia. My study concentrates on selected Grade 10 mathematics teachers and how they teach geometry using the van Hiele theory and the five Kilpatrick components of proficient teaching. As my research looks at teaching practice it was important to deconstruct teaching proficiency with a view to understanding what makes good teachers effective. The results from this study indicated that the selected Grade 10 mathematics teachers have a good conceptual understanding of geometry as all of them involved in this study were able to facilitate the learning and teaching of geometry that is consistent with the van Hiele levels 1 and 2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Muyeghu, Augustinus
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Hiele, Pierre M. van Kilpatrick, Jeremy Geometry -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Namibia Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Namibia Mathematics teachers -- Training of -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1817 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003703
- Description: This study reports on the extent to which selected mathematics teachers facilitate the teaching and learning of geometry at the van Hiele levels 1 and 2 at a Grade 10 level in selected schools in Namibia. It also addresses and explores the teaching strategies teachers employ in their classrooms. Kilpatrick et al.’s model for proficient teaching and the van Hiele model of geometric thinking were used to explore the type of teaching strategies employed by selected mathematics teachers. These two models served as guidelines from which interview and classroom observation protocols were developed. Given the continuing debate across the world about the learning and teaching of geometry, my thesis aims to contribute to a wider understanding of the teaching of geometry with regard to the van Hiele levels 1 and 2. There are no similar studies on the teaching of geometry in Namibia. My study concentrates on selected Grade 10 mathematics teachers and how they teach geometry using the van Hiele theory and the five Kilpatrick components of proficient teaching. As my research looks at teaching practice it was important to deconstruct teaching proficiency with a view to understanding what makes good teachers effective. The results from this study indicated that the selected Grade 10 mathematics teachers have a good conceptual understanding of geometry as all of them involved in this study were able to facilitate the learning and teaching of geometry that is consistent with the van Hiele levels 1 and 2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009