Digital storytelling as a teaching and learning strategy: experiences of student nurses
- Authors: Espach, Juanita
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Nursing -- Study and teaching -- South Africa , Nursing students -- South Africa Storytelling -- South Africa -- Computer network resources College teaching -- South Africa Competency-based education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21549 , vital:29552
- Description: The ever changing landscape of technology influences every aspect of modern society, also education. Within recent years, technological advancements and inventive educators have transformed traditional teaching and learning strategies to innovative technology infused strategies. These strategies could potentially meet the learning style of the millennial student. One such strategy is described as digital storytelling, during which student groups create a three to five minute multimedia video, utilizing a combination of digital elements such as a narrative voice recording, music, pictures, video and animation. After creating the digital story, the end product is shared with peers. Paucity in research regarding the use of digital storytelling in the context of nursing education in the Republic of South Africa was found. Thus the aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of student nurses during the use of digital storytelling as a teaching and learning strategy at a private Nursing Education Institution in Port Elizabeth. The researcher conducted an exploratory, descriptive, contextual and qualitative study which utilized a connectivism framework as the paradigm. Digital storytelling was used as a teaching and learning strategy in the researcher’s own class. A convenience sampling method was therefore employed to select participants. Data was gathered through documenting observational notes during the process of utilizing digital storytelling in the classroom. After the student nurses had utilized digital storytelling, five focus group interviews with twenty four research participants were conducted, which provided data saturation. The data was transcribed and analysed utilizing Tesch’s thematic analysis method and three themes emerged from the data. The benefits of digital storytelling were voiced by the participants since digital storytelling gave them a means to express themselves and they gained new skills while collaborating with others and improving their learning. There was a negative side to it as well, during which research participants experienced negative emotions, lacked the necessary technological skills and found peer teaching an obstacle to their own learning. The participants also provided suggestions to improve the use of digital storytelling during teaching and learning. A thick description of the data with a literature control was provided. The researcher utilized the findings of this study to develop guidelines for Nurse Educators in order to optimize the use of digital storytelling as a teaching and learning strategy. Rigour and trustworthiness were ensured by utilizing Guba and Lincoln’s four criteria. In this study the researcher adhered to the ethical principles as described by the Belmont Report and paid specific attention to the application of these ethical principles in the context of conducting research on one’s own teaching practices. The limitations of this study were that data was collected from only one group of student nurses at one private NEI, after the student nurses’ utilized digital storytelling for the first time in their training. The findings of this study can be used by Nurse Educators to optimize the use of digital storytelling as a teaching and learning strategy. The recommendations of this study include the implementation of the guidelines developed for Nurse Educators.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Espach, Juanita
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Nursing -- Study and teaching -- South Africa , Nursing students -- South Africa Storytelling -- South Africa -- Computer network resources College teaching -- South Africa Competency-based education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21549 , vital:29552
- Description: The ever changing landscape of technology influences every aspect of modern society, also education. Within recent years, technological advancements and inventive educators have transformed traditional teaching and learning strategies to innovative technology infused strategies. These strategies could potentially meet the learning style of the millennial student. One such strategy is described as digital storytelling, during which student groups create a three to five minute multimedia video, utilizing a combination of digital elements such as a narrative voice recording, music, pictures, video and animation. After creating the digital story, the end product is shared with peers. Paucity in research regarding the use of digital storytelling in the context of nursing education in the Republic of South Africa was found. Thus the aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of student nurses during the use of digital storytelling as a teaching and learning strategy at a private Nursing Education Institution in Port Elizabeth. The researcher conducted an exploratory, descriptive, contextual and qualitative study which utilized a connectivism framework as the paradigm. Digital storytelling was used as a teaching and learning strategy in the researcher’s own class. A convenience sampling method was therefore employed to select participants. Data was gathered through documenting observational notes during the process of utilizing digital storytelling in the classroom. After the student nurses had utilized digital storytelling, five focus group interviews with twenty four research participants were conducted, which provided data saturation. The data was transcribed and analysed utilizing Tesch’s thematic analysis method and three themes emerged from the data. The benefits of digital storytelling were voiced by the participants since digital storytelling gave them a means to express themselves and they gained new skills while collaborating with others and improving their learning. There was a negative side to it as well, during which research participants experienced negative emotions, lacked the necessary technological skills and found peer teaching an obstacle to their own learning. The participants also provided suggestions to improve the use of digital storytelling during teaching and learning. A thick description of the data with a literature control was provided. The researcher utilized the findings of this study to develop guidelines for Nurse Educators in order to optimize the use of digital storytelling as a teaching and learning strategy. Rigour and trustworthiness were ensured by utilizing Guba and Lincoln’s four criteria. In this study the researcher adhered to the ethical principles as described by the Belmont Report and paid specific attention to the application of these ethical principles in the context of conducting research on one’s own teaching practices. The limitations of this study were that data was collected from only one group of student nurses at one private NEI, after the student nurses’ utilized digital storytelling for the first time in their training. The findings of this study can be used by Nurse Educators to optimize the use of digital storytelling as a teaching and learning strategy. The recommendations of this study include the implementation of the guidelines developed for Nurse Educators.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Dimensions of a memorable experience within a marine tourism context
- Authors: Jonas, Altouise Glowdean
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Customer relations -- Management , Customer relations Relationship marketing Tourism -- Environmental aspects Coastal zone management -- Environmental aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30540 , vital:30958
- Description: Worldwide, businesses are operating in an environment which is continuously changing, forcing them to adapt their strategies in order to remain competitive. Two changes were of particular importance to this study. Firstly, businesses are faced with an increasing demand from consumers for experiences as opposed to products and services. Secondly, consumers are demanding experiences that are not just ordinary, but are unique and memorable. As one of the largest and most diverse industries globally, tourism offers a multitude of tourist activities. Marine tourism is one of the oldest, most popular and fastest developing types of tourism globally. Marine tourism has also become popular in South Africa. This popularity might be attributed to the country’s expansive coastline and to it being home to one of the most diverse marine systems in the world. Marine tourism makes significant contributions to South Africa’s economy. More benefits can be derived from this lucrative type of tourism if attention is given to the design and provision of marine tourism experiences that go beyond average experiences, and become memorable experiences. The reason for conducting this research was to provide the South African tourism industry, and marine tourism operators in particular, with information which might assist them in designing and staging memorable experiences. Such memorable experiences could result in a competitive advantage and enable the operators to attract more customers, which in turn, will benefit the individual operators, the industry as a whole, and ultimately, the South African economy. The study focused on three marine tourism activities, namely; shark-diving, visits to marine protected areas and whale-watching. Eight dimensions, namely; Delight, Hedonism, Involvement, Knowledge, Meaningfulness, Novelty, Refreshment and Social-Interaction were identified as prospective dimensions of a memorable experience within a marine tourism context. v The study employed purposive, convenience and snowball sampling to identify potential respondents. Primary data was collected by means of an online survey and paper-based self-administered questionnaires. Four hundred and forty-four useable responses were received. The results of the empirical study showed a positive correlation between all the dimensions and memorable experience for each of the three activities and for all the activities combined. A second order factor analysis showed that the eight dimensions loaded onto two factors. The resulting factors were named as the Affective Domain (consisting of Hedonism, Refreshment, Delight and Involvement) and the Cognitive Domain (consisting of Knowledge, Social- Interaction, Meaningfulness and Novelty). A positive relationship was found between the Affective Domain and Memorable Experience and also between the Cognitive Domain and Memorable Experience. The Cognitive domain showed a stronger relationship with Memorable Experience than what the Affective Domain did, for all the activities combined. The memorability of an experience in the case of all three activities combined can, firstly, be improved by Involvement. This is closely followed by the following dimensions in the Affective Domain; Delight, Hedonism and Refreshment. Under the Cognitive Domain the factor which is most important for improving memorability of all the activities combined is Meaningfulness, followed by Knowledge, Novelty and Social-Interaction. Finally, structural equation modelling confirmed a model representing the eight experience dimensions (Delight, Hedonism, Involvement, Knowledge, Meaningfulness, Novelty, Refreshment and Social-Interaction) and identified the relationships between the dimensions and Memorable Experience. This study makes four important contributions. Firstly, it contributes to the under-researched topic of marine tourism in South Africa. Secondly, it adds to the literature on memorable tourism experiences, specifically memorable marine tourism experiences and provides a measurement instrument and framework for further research. Thirdly, the study identifies and confirms that ‘delight’ is an important dimension of a memorable marine tourism experience. vi Lastly, a model was developed which can be used by marine tourism operators to enhance their strategies, operations and facilities which will enable operators to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Jonas, Altouise Glowdean
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Customer relations -- Management , Customer relations Relationship marketing Tourism -- Environmental aspects Coastal zone management -- Environmental aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30540 , vital:30958
- Description: Worldwide, businesses are operating in an environment which is continuously changing, forcing them to adapt their strategies in order to remain competitive. Two changes were of particular importance to this study. Firstly, businesses are faced with an increasing demand from consumers for experiences as opposed to products and services. Secondly, consumers are demanding experiences that are not just ordinary, but are unique and memorable. As one of the largest and most diverse industries globally, tourism offers a multitude of tourist activities. Marine tourism is one of the oldest, most popular and fastest developing types of tourism globally. Marine tourism has also become popular in South Africa. This popularity might be attributed to the country’s expansive coastline and to it being home to one of the most diverse marine systems in the world. Marine tourism makes significant contributions to South Africa’s economy. More benefits can be derived from this lucrative type of tourism if attention is given to the design and provision of marine tourism experiences that go beyond average experiences, and become memorable experiences. The reason for conducting this research was to provide the South African tourism industry, and marine tourism operators in particular, with information which might assist them in designing and staging memorable experiences. Such memorable experiences could result in a competitive advantage and enable the operators to attract more customers, which in turn, will benefit the individual operators, the industry as a whole, and ultimately, the South African economy. The study focused on three marine tourism activities, namely; shark-diving, visits to marine protected areas and whale-watching. Eight dimensions, namely; Delight, Hedonism, Involvement, Knowledge, Meaningfulness, Novelty, Refreshment and Social-Interaction were identified as prospective dimensions of a memorable experience within a marine tourism context. v The study employed purposive, convenience and snowball sampling to identify potential respondents. Primary data was collected by means of an online survey and paper-based self-administered questionnaires. Four hundred and forty-four useable responses were received. The results of the empirical study showed a positive correlation between all the dimensions and memorable experience for each of the three activities and for all the activities combined. A second order factor analysis showed that the eight dimensions loaded onto two factors. The resulting factors were named as the Affective Domain (consisting of Hedonism, Refreshment, Delight and Involvement) and the Cognitive Domain (consisting of Knowledge, Social- Interaction, Meaningfulness and Novelty). A positive relationship was found between the Affective Domain and Memorable Experience and also between the Cognitive Domain and Memorable Experience. The Cognitive domain showed a stronger relationship with Memorable Experience than what the Affective Domain did, for all the activities combined. The memorability of an experience in the case of all three activities combined can, firstly, be improved by Involvement. This is closely followed by the following dimensions in the Affective Domain; Delight, Hedonism and Refreshment. Under the Cognitive Domain the factor which is most important for improving memorability of all the activities combined is Meaningfulness, followed by Knowledge, Novelty and Social-Interaction. Finally, structural equation modelling confirmed a model representing the eight experience dimensions (Delight, Hedonism, Involvement, Knowledge, Meaningfulness, Novelty, Refreshment and Social-Interaction) and identified the relationships between the dimensions and Memorable Experience. This study makes four important contributions. Firstly, it contributes to the under-researched topic of marine tourism in South Africa. Secondly, it adds to the literature on memorable tourism experiences, specifically memorable marine tourism experiences and provides a measurement instrument and framework for further research. Thirdly, the study identifies and confirms that ‘delight’ is an important dimension of a memorable marine tourism experience. vi Lastly, a model was developed which can be used by marine tourism operators to enhance their strategies, operations and facilities which will enable operators to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Discontinuous gully erosion as a mechanism of wetland formation: a case study of the Kompanjiesdrif basin, Kromrivier, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Lagesse, Juliette V
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Arroyos -- South Africa -- Kromme River (Eastern Cape) , Arroyos -- Erosion -- South Africa -- Kromme River (Eastern Cape) , Climatic geomorphology -- South Africa -- Kromme River (Eastern Cape) , Sedimentation and deposition -- South Africa -- Kromme River (Eastern Cape) , Alluvial fans -- South Africa -- Kromme River (Eastern Cape) , Wetland ecology -- South Africa -- Kromme River (Eastern Cape) , Rhizophoraceae , Palmiet (Prionium serratum)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60540 , vital:27791
- Description: The Kompanjiesdrif basin is an unchannelled valley bottom palmiet wetland located near the headwaters of the Kromrivier in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The wetland itself is underlain by Bokkeveld shales with the bordering mountain ranges comprising more resistant Table Mountain Group quarzitic sandstones. The valley is relatively planar and broad in form over a width of approximately 200 m. None of the existing controls that are considered to lead to valley widening and longitudinal slope reduction are immediately apparent. The basin lies on the Post Africa II erosion surface; with no evidence of a resistant lithology which might act as a local base level, limiting rates of vertical erosion and inducing lateral planing in upstream reaches via a meandering channel. The possible role of sagging of the basin due to long term deep chemical weathering of bedrock is discounted as the lithologies in the basin are sedimentary in origin and thus not susceptible to chemical weathering. The degree to which climate and sea level changes affected rates of incision and subsequent slope reduction is unclear, although their potential influence should be acknowledged. This study examined the geomorphic dynamics as discerned from the sedimentary record and morphology of the wetland basin, which provide a snapshot into the long-term processes which lowered the longitudinal slope and widened this valley. Coring within the wetland to depths of 1 - 3.3 m revealed that the sedimentary fill generally comprised an upward fining sequence, with sand or fine sand at the base, grading into silt and clay and organic material in the upper sections of cores. Occasional instances of multiple fine sand layers were observed in a few of the cores. An increase in the organic content of material from the north to the south side of the wetland and the occurrence of multiple thin layers of sand in the stratigraphy, highlighted the role of the northern tributary alluvial fans in influencing valley form. Sediment from north bank alluvial fans seem to periodically, partially impound the wetland basin. Surveyed transects across the wetland basin along with subsurface coring to the depth to refusal, illustrated a localised increase in longitudinal slope downstream of the nodes of tributary alluvial fan deposits, which impinge on the trunk stream basin. Coupled with the presence of deep, drowned, trench-like features (up to 8 m deep) beneath floating mats of palmiet, which were predominantly free of sedimentary fill and found opposite tributary alluvial fans; confirmed that the northern tributaries play a major role in the structure and geomorphic dynamics of the basin. The trench-like features appeared to be remnants of deep, narrow, discontinuous gullies. Dating of sediment from the base of these features (460-7040 BP) confirmed that they were formed prior to European settlement in the area. Therefore, it is suggested that the localised increase in longitudinal slope, caused by sediment deposition on the alluvial fans, transgresses a geomorphic threshold slope and that gully erosion is thus initiated. The process of repeated gully erosion leads to planing of bedrock and longitudinal slope reduction. Gully erosion forms an integral component of a cycle of deposition and incision referred to as “cut-and-fill”. During each iteration of the cycle of cutting and filling, gullies form in novel locations leading to gradual valley widening. Over geological time scales, the planing of bedrock and resultant valley widening creates a broad planar valley with a very low longitudinal slope; producing conditions suitable for unchannelled valley bottom wetland formation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Lagesse, Juliette V
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Arroyos -- South Africa -- Kromme River (Eastern Cape) , Arroyos -- Erosion -- South Africa -- Kromme River (Eastern Cape) , Climatic geomorphology -- South Africa -- Kromme River (Eastern Cape) , Sedimentation and deposition -- South Africa -- Kromme River (Eastern Cape) , Alluvial fans -- South Africa -- Kromme River (Eastern Cape) , Wetland ecology -- South Africa -- Kromme River (Eastern Cape) , Rhizophoraceae , Palmiet (Prionium serratum)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60540 , vital:27791
- Description: The Kompanjiesdrif basin is an unchannelled valley bottom palmiet wetland located near the headwaters of the Kromrivier in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The wetland itself is underlain by Bokkeveld shales with the bordering mountain ranges comprising more resistant Table Mountain Group quarzitic sandstones. The valley is relatively planar and broad in form over a width of approximately 200 m. None of the existing controls that are considered to lead to valley widening and longitudinal slope reduction are immediately apparent. The basin lies on the Post Africa II erosion surface; with no evidence of a resistant lithology which might act as a local base level, limiting rates of vertical erosion and inducing lateral planing in upstream reaches via a meandering channel. The possible role of sagging of the basin due to long term deep chemical weathering of bedrock is discounted as the lithologies in the basin are sedimentary in origin and thus not susceptible to chemical weathering. The degree to which climate and sea level changes affected rates of incision and subsequent slope reduction is unclear, although their potential influence should be acknowledged. This study examined the geomorphic dynamics as discerned from the sedimentary record and morphology of the wetland basin, which provide a snapshot into the long-term processes which lowered the longitudinal slope and widened this valley. Coring within the wetland to depths of 1 - 3.3 m revealed that the sedimentary fill generally comprised an upward fining sequence, with sand or fine sand at the base, grading into silt and clay and organic material in the upper sections of cores. Occasional instances of multiple fine sand layers were observed in a few of the cores. An increase in the organic content of material from the north to the south side of the wetland and the occurrence of multiple thin layers of sand in the stratigraphy, highlighted the role of the northern tributary alluvial fans in influencing valley form. Sediment from north bank alluvial fans seem to periodically, partially impound the wetland basin. Surveyed transects across the wetland basin along with subsurface coring to the depth to refusal, illustrated a localised increase in longitudinal slope downstream of the nodes of tributary alluvial fan deposits, which impinge on the trunk stream basin. Coupled with the presence of deep, drowned, trench-like features (up to 8 m deep) beneath floating mats of palmiet, which were predominantly free of sedimentary fill and found opposite tributary alluvial fans; confirmed that the northern tributaries play a major role in the structure and geomorphic dynamics of the basin. The trench-like features appeared to be remnants of deep, narrow, discontinuous gullies. Dating of sediment from the base of these features (460-7040 BP) confirmed that they were formed prior to European settlement in the area. Therefore, it is suggested that the localised increase in longitudinal slope, caused by sediment deposition on the alluvial fans, transgresses a geomorphic threshold slope and that gully erosion is thus initiated. The process of repeated gully erosion leads to planing of bedrock and longitudinal slope reduction. Gully erosion forms an integral component of a cycle of deposition and incision referred to as “cut-and-fill”. During each iteration of the cycle of cutting and filling, gullies form in novel locations leading to gradual valley widening. Over geological time scales, the planing of bedrock and resultant valley widening creates a broad planar valley with a very low longitudinal slope; producing conditions suitable for unchannelled valley bottom wetland formation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Discovery and validation of a CD4 binding aptamer through Crossover SELEX towards the preliminary development of a point-of-care aptasensor for rapid CD4+ T-cell counting
- Authors: Fellows, Tamika
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63527 , vital:28431
- Description: Expected release date-April 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Fellows, Tamika
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63527 , vital:28431
- Description: Expected release date-April 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Discrepancy in conventional microscopic manual differential counts of band neutrophils among microscopists
- Godson-Katchew, Chesna Terry-Lee
- Authors: Godson-Katchew, Chesna Terry-Lee
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Neutrophils , Hematology Medical statistics -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MHSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30127 , vital:30830
- Description: The interpretation of the band neutrophil count on manual differential counts performed amongst microscopists can vary greatly. The band neutrophil is an immature granulocyte, maturing towards a segmented neutrophil. There are varying degrees of misconception of the band neutrophil identification, as the band neutrophil closely resembles the maturing segmented neutrophil. Although there are guidelines for the identification of band neutrophils, many laboratories incorporate their own “standard” as to what a band neutrophil should look like. Even when a standard exists for the identification of band neutrophils, many microscopists still have difficulty identifying these cells, making it difficult to accurately perform, interpret and report a manual differential count. Due to the controversy it is thus necessary to identify whether the problem lies with the identification of the band neutrophil itself, or the individual microscopist’s perception of differentiation between the band neutrophil and a maturing segmented neutrophil. The purpose of this study was to establish the accuracy by which microscopists distinguish band neutrophils from mature segmented neutrophils, the extent of discrepancies in the band neutrophil count amongst microscopists, to establish whether microscopists required re-training and to establish meaningful recommendations for microscopists to aid in the accurate identification of band neutrophils. The researcher thus made use of a self-administered picture diagram, distributed among microscopists to assess the accuracy of the band neutrophil counts prior to training. Participants counted an average of 61.47% neutrophils and 38.53% band neutrophils. Coefficient of variation (CV) for neutrophils and band neutrophils were calculated and yielded a CV of 22.48 and 35.87 respectively. Due to the high CV calculated, suggesting a greater level of dispersion around the mean, the researcher investigated individual responses from the picture-diagram. With the findings of the individual picture-diagram results, the researcher developed an impression that there was a large variation in counts for both neutrophils and band cells. Training was then given to participants arranged by the researcher, for accurate band neutrophil identification. Following training a second survey was conducted in order to assess the variation in counts among microscopists. 1 The peripheral blood smear was then provided and used to perform a manual differential count by conventional light microscopy, in order to compare results. Similarly, results obtained by the microscopists was compared to the verified manual differential count performed by a Haematologist; to improve the accuracy of results reported routinely. With the findings of the individual manual differential count results the researcher observed, that there was indeed a discrepancy in the manual differential counts performed by microscopists.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Godson-Katchew, Chesna Terry-Lee
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Neutrophils , Hematology Medical statistics -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MHSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30127 , vital:30830
- Description: The interpretation of the band neutrophil count on manual differential counts performed amongst microscopists can vary greatly. The band neutrophil is an immature granulocyte, maturing towards a segmented neutrophil. There are varying degrees of misconception of the band neutrophil identification, as the band neutrophil closely resembles the maturing segmented neutrophil. Although there are guidelines for the identification of band neutrophils, many laboratories incorporate their own “standard” as to what a band neutrophil should look like. Even when a standard exists for the identification of band neutrophils, many microscopists still have difficulty identifying these cells, making it difficult to accurately perform, interpret and report a manual differential count. Due to the controversy it is thus necessary to identify whether the problem lies with the identification of the band neutrophil itself, or the individual microscopist’s perception of differentiation between the band neutrophil and a maturing segmented neutrophil. The purpose of this study was to establish the accuracy by which microscopists distinguish band neutrophils from mature segmented neutrophils, the extent of discrepancies in the band neutrophil count amongst microscopists, to establish whether microscopists required re-training and to establish meaningful recommendations for microscopists to aid in the accurate identification of band neutrophils. The researcher thus made use of a self-administered picture diagram, distributed among microscopists to assess the accuracy of the band neutrophil counts prior to training. Participants counted an average of 61.47% neutrophils and 38.53% band neutrophils. Coefficient of variation (CV) for neutrophils and band neutrophils were calculated and yielded a CV of 22.48 and 35.87 respectively. Due to the high CV calculated, suggesting a greater level of dispersion around the mean, the researcher investigated individual responses from the picture-diagram. With the findings of the individual picture-diagram results, the researcher developed an impression that there was a large variation in counts for both neutrophils and band cells. Training was then given to participants arranged by the researcher, for accurate band neutrophil identification. Following training a second survey was conducted in order to assess the variation in counts among microscopists. 1 The peripheral blood smear was then provided and used to perform a manual differential count by conventional light microscopy, in order to compare results. Similarly, results obtained by the microscopists was compared to the verified manual differential count performed by a Haematologist; to improve the accuracy of results reported routinely. With the findings of the individual manual differential count results the researcher observed, that there was indeed a discrepancy in the manual differential counts performed by microscopists.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Discrimination and dismissal based on age
- Authors: Hlohlolo, Sephiri
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Age discrimination in employment -- South Africa , Employees -- Dismissal of -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30309 , vital:30929
- Description: The purpose of this treatise is to discuss discrimination and dismissal based on age in the workplace. When doing this, specific focus will be on the provisions of section 187(2)(b) of the Labour Relations Act and its fairness when it comes to normal or agreed retirement age for persons employed. Section 187(2)(b) sets out certain justifications on which an employer can rely when it comes to dismissals based on age. South Africa (SA) is a constitutional state and the Constitution is the supreme law. What this means is that any national legislation promulgated must not be in conflict with the Constitution. On the contrary, national legislation must enable the constitutional imperatives. Reference to the Constitution of SA will be made, more so, the equality and fairness provisions. In the process of doing so, a probe into whether section 187(2)(b) as a constitutional enabler, will pass the constitutional muster, will also be looked into. Not all discrimination is unfair when it comes to the SA Labour Law. Provision for fair discrimination has been provided for and as a result, the treatise will also look at the concept of unfair discrimination and how it has been tested by the Courts. A further discussion will outline what is meant by discrimination and dismissal based on age, and whether such a dismissal is in fact a dismissal, and whether within the requirements of the LRA, such a dismissal or termination of employment contract, is in fact, fair. The history of the development of the concept of discrimination in SA will be addressed, and so is a comparative study on foreign law. While foreign jurisprudence is cardinal, a focus on the current SA case law will be done in order to evaluate how discrimination and dismissal based on age are dealt with. Lastly, a critical analysis of sub section 187(2)(b) of the LRA in relation to subsection 187(2)(a) will be looked at, as well.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Hlohlolo, Sephiri
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Age discrimination in employment -- South Africa , Employees -- Dismissal of -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30309 , vital:30929
- Description: The purpose of this treatise is to discuss discrimination and dismissal based on age in the workplace. When doing this, specific focus will be on the provisions of section 187(2)(b) of the Labour Relations Act and its fairness when it comes to normal or agreed retirement age for persons employed. Section 187(2)(b) sets out certain justifications on which an employer can rely when it comes to dismissals based on age. South Africa (SA) is a constitutional state and the Constitution is the supreme law. What this means is that any national legislation promulgated must not be in conflict with the Constitution. On the contrary, national legislation must enable the constitutional imperatives. Reference to the Constitution of SA will be made, more so, the equality and fairness provisions. In the process of doing so, a probe into whether section 187(2)(b) as a constitutional enabler, will pass the constitutional muster, will also be looked into. Not all discrimination is unfair when it comes to the SA Labour Law. Provision for fair discrimination has been provided for and as a result, the treatise will also look at the concept of unfair discrimination and how it has been tested by the Courts. A further discussion will outline what is meant by discrimination and dismissal based on age, and whether such a dismissal is in fact a dismissal, and whether within the requirements of the LRA, such a dismissal or termination of employment contract, is in fact, fair. The history of the development of the concept of discrimination in SA will be addressed, and so is a comparative study on foreign law. While foreign jurisprudence is cardinal, a focus on the current SA case law will be done in order to evaluate how discrimination and dismissal based on age are dealt with. Lastly, a critical analysis of sub section 187(2)(b) of the LRA in relation to subsection 187(2)(a) will be looked at, as well.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Disputes, relationships and identity: analysing human-human conflicts as a basis for human-wildlife conflicts in the mid-Zambezi valley, northern Zimbabwe
- Authors: Jani, Vincent
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Environmental geography , Wildlife management Wildlife conservation Human-animal relationships
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30364 , vital:30934
- Description: This study analysed how human-human conflicts (HHCs) underlie human-wildlife conflicts (HWCs) in Chapoto Ward in the mid-Zambezi valley, northern Zimbabwe. The analytical framework entailed the use of the Levels of Conflict Model (LCM) – a model that seeks to expose different levels of conflict. To gain a rich understanding of the conflicts under investigation, a qualitative research design was employed with triangulation at its core in order to ensure the necessary quality and rigour of the findings. In this case, four different types of data were used, namely, in-depth interviews with heads of households, key informant interviews, focus group sessions, and document analysis. Thematic and content analysis were used to analyse the data which were classified into the following conflict levels: surface level disputes; an intermediate level involving ongoing conflictual relationships; and a deeper level of conflict rooted in identity. Three key findings were generated. Firstly, a substantial number of long-standing disputes were recorded during the ten-year period (2007-2016). Most of these disputes were not resolved because they had a long and complicated history which resulted in previous disputes resurfacing whenever a current one arose. Secondly, the history of unresolved conflict resulted in mistrust and failure to find common ground between the parties involved in the conflict. Lastly, the source of the disputes and unresolved conflicts was traced back to the identity level. This means that the antagonistic relationships among the stakeholders spilled over into the labelling and stigmatisation of all the groups involved in wildlife management. Thus, conflict between people and wildlife in Chapoto Ward was demonstrated to be a complex issue and underlain by HHC. These findings support the new line of thinking that HWC should not be viewed as simply a problem between people and wildlife but as a conflict between stakeholders with divergent views over wildlife management which manifests as HHC. Furthermore, the degree of polarisation between groups is substantial. In light of these findings, four major conclusions are drawn. Firstly, is the need to shift from narrowly focusing on the proximate conflicts between people and wildlife, to fully understand the complexity of conflict in order to arrive at solutions that successfully mitigate conflict between people and wildlife, and to address the underlying and deep-rooted conflict between stakeholders with divergent wildlife management goals. Secondly, the need for concerted efforts to ensure the involvement of all stakeholders, including women, in wildlife management and conservation by developing structures that enhance active participation of the local people in decision-making, v which promotes the success of conservation initiatives. Thirdly, the need to address the underlying and deep-rooted conflicts over wildlife management by building positive relationships and trust between stakeholders through the holding of regular capacity building workshops based on a more respectful and inclusive process. Fourthly, is the need to consider the interests of both ethnic groups, namely the Doma and the Chikunda by gathering information on the preferences of the identity groups in order to increase cooperation among them. Overall, the thesis introduces a new lens through which one can clearly understand the complexity of the conflict between people and wildlife.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Jani, Vincent
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Environmental geography , Wildlife management Wildlife conservation Human-animal relationships
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30364 , vital:30934
- Description: This study analysed how human-human conflicts (HHCs) underlie human-wildlife conflicts (HWCs) in Chapoto Ward in the mid-Zambezi valley, northern Zimbabwe. The analytical framework entailed the use of the Levels of Conflict Model (LCM) – a model that seeks to expose different levels of conflict. To gain a rich understanding of the conflicts under investigation, a qualitative research design was employed with triangulation at its core in order to ensure the necessary quality and rigour of the findings. In this case, four different types of data were used, namely, in-depth interviews with heads of households, key informant interviews, focus group sessions, and document analysis. Thematic and content analysis were used to analyse the data which were classified into the following conflict levels: surface level disputes; an intermediate level involving ongoing conflictual relationships; and a deeper level of conflict rooted in identity. Three key findings were generated. Firstly, a substantial number of long-standing disputes were recorded during the ten-year period (2007-2016). Most of these disputes were not resolved because they had a long and complicated history which resulted in previous disputes resurfacing whenever a current one arose. Secondly, the history of unresolved conflict resulted in mistrust and failure to find common ground between the parties involved in the conflict. Lastly, the source of the disputes and unresolved conflicts was traced back to the identity level. This means that the antagonistic relationships among the stakeholders spilled over into the labelling and stigmatisation of all the groups involved in wildlife management. Thus, conflict between people and wildlife in Chapoto Ward was demonstrated to be a complex issue and underlain by HHC. These findings support the new line of thinking that HWC should not be viewed as simply a problem between people and wildlife but as a conflict between stakeholders with divergent views over wildlife management which manifests as HHC. Furthermore, the degree of polarisation between groups is substantial. In light of these findings, four major conclusions are drawn. Firstly, is the need to shift from narrowly focusing on the proximate conflicts between people and wildlife, to fully understand the complexity of conflict in order to arrive at solutions that successfully mitigate conflict between people and wildlife, and to address the underlying and deep-rooted conflict between stakeholders with divergent wildlife management goals. Secondly, the need for concerted efforts to ensure the involvement of all stakeholders, including women, in wildlife management and conservation by developing structures that enhance active participation of the local people in decision-making, v which promotes the success of conservation initiatives. Thirdly, the need to address the underlying and deep-rooted conflicts over wildlife management by building positive relationships and trust between stakeholders through the holding of regular capacity building workshops based on a more respectful and inclusive process. Fourthly, is the need to consider the interests of both ethnic groups, namely the Doma and the Chikunda by gathering information on the preferences of the identity groups in order to increase cooperation among them. Overall, the thesis introduces a new lens through which one can clearly understand the complexity of the conflict between people and wildlife.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Distribution of virulence determinants in Plesiomonas shigelloides and Vibrio species isolated from selected hospital wastewater effluents in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Mashudu, Mavhungu
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Vibrio
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Microbiology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/14505 , vital:39996
- Description: Plesiomonas shigelloides and some Vibrio species are amongst the bacteria species classified into the emerging pathogenic bacteria grouping, and they portend increasing virulence and high resistance to some of the most potent antimicrobial agents used as most important and critical lines of defence against pathogenic infectious agents. Hospital wastewater has attracted significant attention as a pool for the regurgitation of pathogens into the environment which eventually becomes a problem to public health. It has been variously reported that hospital wastewater critically serves also as a puddle for microbial genetic interaction with outcomes including the development of resistance to antimicrobial agents among other pathogenic traits. And, in the same vein, exchanges and gene recombination may have been leading to the emergence of virulence determinants not previously known owing to the capacity of hospital wastewater to encompass a vast diversity of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial agents at the same material time. Hence, this research aimed at the evaluation of the prevalence of virulence and antibiotic resistance in Plesiomonas shigelloides and some human pathogenic Vibrio species isolated from selected hospital wastewater in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Wastewater samples were collected at two weeks intervals throughout three months sampling duration from hospital wastewater facility in the Eastern Cape Province. The wastewater samples were from the secondary hospital and, tertiary hospital along with Limbede community wastewater facilities based in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The wastewater samples were aseptically screened for the presence of presumptive Plesiomonas shigelloides and selected Vibrio species using the culture-based method. The identity of the presumptive Plesiomonas shigelloides and Vibrio species (Vibrio cholerae, V. fluvialis, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus) isolates were confirmed using species specific primers. After that, the presence 14 of virulence determinants and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the positive strains as well as the antimicrobial resistance factors were all determined. The distribution of the presumptive isolates was as follows; 322 Plesiomans shigelloides and 378 Vibrio species respectively. However, upon molecular confirmation studies, 85 out of 322; 26% of the total presumptive isolates, were confirmed as positive for Plesiomans shigelloides and, on the other hand, from the 378 presumptive Vibrio species, 71% (270) was as positive to Vibrio genus, and upon speciation of the positive isolates; 27% (73) was confirmed as Vibrio cholerae, 9% (24) as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 4% (12) as Vibrio vulnificus and 3% (8) as Vibrio fluvialis. The remaining 57% (153) which was unaccounted for may belong to other Vibrio species not included in this studies. Various virulence determinants were shown to be present in the Vibrio species identified and the degree varied in line with the species. P. shigelloides showed high levels of resistance to impregnated antibiotics (18 different types). The antibiogram characteristics showed P. shigelloides to possess 100% resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Nalidixic acid, Trimethoprim, Ampicillin, Penicillin, Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Erythromycin, and Cephalothin. These findings are of crucial importance to public health and the science of infectology as it gives insight into the role of the hospital wastewater as a puddle for the recombination of antibiotic resistance determinants and virulence emergence in bacteria. On the strength of the finding of this research, it is essential to indicate that there is a need for an immediate review of hospital wastewater disposal process. Some form of treatment or pretreatment of the hospital wastewater is required before discharge into municipal wastewater treatment facilities. And, perhaps, continuous monitoring of hospital wastewater to reduce the risk posed to public health.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mashudu, Mavhungu
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Vibrio
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Microbiology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/14505 , vital:39996
- Description: Plesiomonas shigelloides and some Vibrio species are amongst the bacteria species classified into the emerging pathogenic bacteria grouping, and they portend increasing virulence and high resistance to some of the most potent antimicrobial agents used as most important and critical lines of defence against pathogenic infectious agents. Hospital wastewater has attracted significant attention as a pool for the regurgitation of pathogens into the environment which eventually becomes a problem to public health. It has been variously reported that hospital wastewater critically serves also as a puddle for microbial genetic interaction with outcomes including the development of resistance to antimicrobial agents among other pathogenic traits. And, in the same vein, exchanges and gene recombination may have been leading to the emergence of virulence determinants not previously known owing to the capacity of hospital wastewater to encompass a vast diversity of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial agents at the same material time. Hence, this research aimed at the evaluation of the prevalence of virulence and antibiotic resistance in Plesiomonas shigelloides and some human pathogenic Vibrio species isolated from selected hospital wastewater in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Wastewater samples were collected at two weeks intervals throughout three months sampling duration from hospital wastewater facility in the Eastern Cape Province. The wastewater samples were from the secondary hospital and, tertiary hospital along with Limbede community wastewater facilities based in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The wastewater samples were aseptically screened for the presence of presumptive Plesiomonas shigelloides and selected Vibrio species using the culture-based method. The identity of the presumptive Plesiomonas shigelloides and Vibrio species (Vibrio cholerae, V. fluvialis, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus) isolates were confirmed using species specific primers. After that, the presence 14 of virulence determinants and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the positive strains as well as the antimicrobial resistance factors were all determined. The distribution of the presumptive isolates was as follows; 322 Plesiomans shigelloides and 378 Vibrio species respectively. However, upon molecular confirmation studies, 85 out of 322; 26% of the total presumptive isolates, were confirmed as positive for Plesiomans shigelloides and, on the other hand, from the 378 presumptive Vibrio species, 71% (270) was as positive to Vibrio genus, and upon speciation of the positive isolates; 27% (73) was confirmed as Vibrio cholerae, 9% (24) as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 4% (12) as Vibrio vulnificus and 3% (8) as Vibrio fluvialis. The remaining 57% (153) which was unaccounted for may belong to other Vibrio species not included in this studies. Various virulence determinants were shown to be present in the Vibrio species identified and the degree varied in line with the species. P. shigelloides showed high levels of resistance to impregnated antibiotics (18 different types). The antibiogram characteristics showed P. shigelloides to possess 100% resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Nalidixic acid, Trimethoprim, Ampicillin, Penicillin, Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Erythromycin, and Cephalothin. These findings are of crucial importance to public health and the science of infectology as it gives insight into the role of the hospital wastewater as a puddle for the recombination of antibiotic resistance determinants and virulence emergence in bacteria. On the strength of the finding of this research, it is essential to indicate that there is a need for an immediate review of hospital wastewater disposal process. Some form of treatment or pretreatment of the hospital wastewater is required before discharge into municipal wastewater treatment facilities. And, perhaps, continuous monitoring of hospital wastewater to reduce the risk posed to public health.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Diurnal variation of steroid hormones and their reference intervals using mass spectrometric analysis
- Parikh, T P, Stolze, B, Ozarda, Y, Jonklaas, J, Welsh, K, Masika, L, Hill, M, DeCherney, A, Soldin, S J
- Authors: Parikh, T P , Stolze, B , Ozarda, Y , Jonklaas, J , Welsh, K , Masika, L , Hill, M , DeCherney, A , Soldin, S J
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: Journal Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5224 , vital:44411
- Full Text:
- Authors: Parikh, T P , Stolze, B , Ozarda, Y , Jonklaas, J , Welsh, K , Masika, L , Hill, M , DeCherney, A , Soldin, S J
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: Journal Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5224 , vital:44411
- Full Text:
Donor support, electoral dynamics and democratisation in South Africa :the case of the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Bosompem, Henry Kofi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Democratization -- South Africa Elections -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD(Sociology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11243 , vital:37612
- Description: This thesis is on Donor Support, Electoral Dynamics and Democratisation in South Africa with particular focus on the Buffalo City Municipality of the Eastern Cape. The main aim of the thesis is to investigate and highlight the global outlook of donor support perspectives and conditionalities and to examine the basic tenets of democratisation and link them to the interplay of the electoral dynamics that influence grassroots political participation. Furthermore, the study attempts to ascertain the involvement and perceptions of local communities with regard to the role of donor support in democratic governance, development and electoral dynamics. In this era and dispensation of democracy, the fledging democratic institutions require substantial donor support to perform their constitutional mandatory obligations. Most of this support had traditionally come from government. Given the weight and pressure on the government budget, the widening unemployment and inequality in South African communities, there is the need to solicit assistance from development partners for electoral administration and development. The current study, therefore, investigated community voters, political parties and the Elected or Nominated Councillors’ perceptions of donor support and democratisation. This thesis further investigated the roles and functions of the Donor Agency, the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) and Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) in donor support, electoral administration and democratisation. The study utilized a mixed method approach where 384 structured questionnaires were administered and 52 in-depth interviews conducted with the respondents. The study made use of a systematic empirical inquiry and literature review to understand its subject matter. It did not only scrutinise data previously collected by other researchers but also utilised information from other sources such as tabloid surveys, brochures, bulletins and the internet. Thus, this strategy is ideal for the present study which seeks to capture the views, experiences and feelings and understanding of party officials. This study utilized the Development aid theory, political party and democratisation theories, Gouldner’s theory of Moral Norm of Reciprocity and Social Support in combination with Larzasfeld’s Voters’ behaviour theory and the social justice and equity perspective as elements of the theoretical framework.The purpose of achieving electoral confidence among the citizens is to demonstrate the value of electoral dynamics and perspectives of democratization that forms an expressed vi indicator of the relationship between politics and development. The electoral dynamics that shape political institutions, governance and its discourses in any democratic enterprise include: party affiliation, party and donor support mobilisation, voting patterns, government and the state agency’s performance. In addition, it includes economic policies towards poverty alleviation, service delivery, ethnic politics and all the state democratization policies which are pursued to bring greater relief to its citizens. Correspondingly, it is geared towards creating a balanced relationship on the donor-recipient equation and to ensure socio-economic well-being to the citizens guided by reciprocity, good governance, transparency, accountability and social justice.The emerging findings indicate that most political parties and elected councillors in the municipality receive donor support beside the traditional sources that we know such as membership dues, party subscriptions, levies, state sponsorship,fundraising for special projects and sale of souvenirs. Some of the sources were from international community and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). The study found that donors require huge returns on their support and investments. The IEC and BCMM were largely funded by Treasury for their projects and programmes. However, the BCMM also gets substantial support from sister-city relations with other municipalities abroad. Some community voters hold the view that political party funding opens the doors for the hijacking of democracy. Others hold the opinion that dishonest donors corrupt weak governments, undiscerning officials and immoral leaders. Nevertheless, some political party officials felt that donors were not all that evil. They hold the view that genuine donors help to build the capacity of officials and strengthen party structures, thereby deepening democratic ethics and culture. They were of the view that good donors promote transparency, accountability and good governance to strengthen the pillars and the threshold of democracy and the democratisation processes in emerging states in sub-Saharan Africa. On the basis of these findings, the core argument of this study is that donor support induces democratisation which mainly benefit donor communities and municipal elites at the expense of local communities. Nevertheless, the perception that development projects funded by donor agencies are meant for donor poverty alleviation, despite the absence of visible effects of trickle down, account for community members’ participation in the electoral system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Bosompem, Henry Kofi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Democratization -- South Africa Elections -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD(Sociology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11243 , vital:37612
- Description: This thesis is on Donor Support, Electoral Dynamics and Democratisation in South Africa with particular focus on the Buffalo City Municipality of the Eastern Cape. The main aim of the thesis is to investigate and highlight the global outlook of donor support perspectives and conditionalities and to examine the basic tenets of democratisation and link them to the interplay of the electoral dynamics that influence grassroots political participation. Furthermore, the study attempts to ascertain the involvement and perceptions of local communities with regard to the role of donor support in democratic governance, development and electoral dynamics. In this era and dispensation of democracy, the fledging democratic institutions require substantial donor support to perform their constitutional mandatory obligations. Most of this support had traditionally come from government. Given the weight and pressure on the government budget, the widening unemployment and inequality in South African communities, there is the need to solicit assistance from development partners for electoral administration and development. The current study, therefore, investigated community voters, political parties and the Elected or Nominated Councillors’ perceptions of donor support and democratisation. This thesis further investigated the roles and functions of the Donor Agency, the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) and Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) in donor support, electoral administration and democratisation. The study utilized a mixed method approach where 384 structured questionnaires were administered and 52 in-depth interviews conducted with the respondents. The study made use of a systematic empirical inquiry and literature review to understand its subject matter. It did not only scrutinise data previously collected by other researchers but also utilised information from other sources such as tabloid surveys, brochures, bulletins and the internet. Thus, this strategy is ideal for the present study which seeks to capture the views, experiences and feelings and understanding of party officials. This study utilized the Development aid theory, political party and democratisation theories, Gouldner’s theory of Moral Norm of Reciprocity and Social Support in combination with Larzasfeld’s Voters’ behaviour theory and the social justice and equity perspective as elements of the theoretical framework.The purpose of achieving electoral confidence among the citizens is to demonstrate the value of electoral dynamics and perspectives of democratization that forms an expressed vi indicator of the relationship between politics and development. The electoral dynamics that shape political institutions, governance and its discourses in any democratic enterprise include: party affiliation, party and donor support mobilisation, voting patterns, government and the state agency’s performance. In addition, it includes economic policies towards poverty alleviation, service delivery, ethnic politics and all the state democratization policies which are pursued to bring greater relief to its citizens. Correspondingly, it is geared towards creating a balanced relationship on the donor-recipient equation and to ensure socio-economic well-being to the citizens guided by reciprocity, good governance, transparency, accountability and social justice.The emerging findings indicate that most political parties and elected councillors in the municipality receive donor support beside the traditional sources that we know such as membership dues, party subscriptions, levies, state sponsorship,fundraising for special projects and sale of souvenirs. Some of the sources were from international community and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). The study found that donors require huge returns on their support and investments. The IEC and BCMM were largely funded by Treasury for their projects and programmes. However, the BCMM also gets substantial support from sister-city relations with other municipalities abroad. Some community voters hold the view that political party funding opens the doors for the hijacking of democracy. Others hold the opinion that dishonest donors corrupt weak governments, undiscerning officials and immoral leaders. Nevertheless, some political party officials felt that donors were not all that evil. They hold the view that genuine donors help to build the capacity of officials and strengthen party structures, thereby deepening democratic ethics and culture. They were of the view that good donors promote transparency, accountability and good governance to strengthen the pillars and the threshold of democracy and the democratisation processes in emerging states in sub-Saharan Africa. On the basis of these findings, the core argument of this study is that donor support induces democratisation which mainly benefit donor communities and municipal elites at the expense of local communities. Nevertheless, the perception that development projects funded by donor agencies are meant for donor poverty alleviation, despite the absence of visible effects of trickle down, account for community members’ participation in the electoral system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Donor-acceptor effects on the optical limiting properties of BODIPY dyes
- Authors: Hlatshwayo, Zweli Thabiso
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Dyes and dyeing -- Chemistry , Photosensitizing compounds -- Therapeutic use , Cancer -- Photochemotherapy , Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63368 , vital:28397
- Description: The main objectives of the research described in this thesis were firstly to synthesize and characterize a series of structurally related BODIPY dyes that are potentially suitable for use in applications, secondly to conjugate a carboxylic acid substituted BODIPY dye to amine-functionalized upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) through an amide bond to enable singlet oxygen production upon irradiation at 978 nm in the biological window for tissue penetration for biomedical applications, and thirdly to compare the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of various BODIPY dyes to determine whether push-pull effects enhance their utility for optical limiting (OL) applications. Halogenated BODIPY cores with high singlet oxygen quantum yields were prepared, which absorb in the green portion of the visible region and making it difficult to treat deeper skin tumors in the context of photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. UCNPs generally absorb in the near-infrared (NIR) region (978 nm), and this is advantageous because, this is where absorption by water, cells and tissues is minimized. NaYF4: Yb/Er/Gd UCNPs were synthesized, amine functionalized and successfully conjugated to a halogenated carboxylic acid functionalized BODIPY. This allowed for favorable Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) since one of the emission wavelengths of the NaYF4: Yb/Er/Gd UCNPs overlaps with the main absorption band of the BODIPY at 540 nm. The conjugate was irradiated at 978 nm, but instability of the BODIPY dye was observed, which made singlet oxygen quantum yield determination impossible. An enhanced singlet oxygen quantum yield value was observed upon irradiation of the conjugate at 540 nm, suggesting that further studies of this system are warranted. The OL properties of BODIPY cores and dyes, which are π-extended at the 3,5-positions with styryl groups, were studied in a series of different organic solvents at 532 nm by using the z-scan technique on a nanosecond timescale. Many of the dyes were used to compare the effects of introducing electron donor and acceptor groups on the OL properties of the dyes. The dipole moments of these dyes were found to correlate with the OL response. The OL results indicate that BODIPY dyes with push-pull properties, which are π-extended at the 3,5-positions with styryl groups, can be considered as viable candidates for use in OL applications. The studies sought to establish the effect of ESA in the triplet manifold as compared to the singlet manifold in as far as the OL response is concerned. The most promising dyes were embedded in polystyrene thin films, and this was found to significantly enhance their OL properties.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Hlatshwayo, Zweli Thabiso
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Dyes and dyeing -- Chemistry , Photosensitizing compounds -- Therapeutic use , Cancer -- Photochemotherapy , Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63368 , vital:28397
- Description: The main objectives of the research described in this thesis were firstly to synthesize and characterize a series of structurally related BODIPY dyes that are potentially suitable for use in applications, secondly to conjugate a carboxylic acid substituted BODIPY dye to amine-functionalized upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) through an amide bond to enable singlet oxygen production upon irradiation at 978 nm in the biological window for tissue penetration for biomedical applications, and thirdly to compare the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of various BODIPY dyes to determine whether push-pull effects enhance their utility for optical limiting (OL) applications. Halogenated BODIPY cores with high singlet oxygen quantum yields were prepared, which absorb in the green portion of the visible region and making it difficult to treat deeper skin tumors in the context of photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. UCNPs generally absorb in the near-infrared (NIR) region (978 nm), and this is advantageous because, this is where absorption by water, cells and tissues is minimized. NaYF4: Yb/Er/Gd UCNPs were synthesized, amine functionalized and successfully conjugated to a halogenated carboxylic acid functionalized BODIPY. This allowed for favorable Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) since one of the emission wavelengths of the NaYF4: Yb/Er/Gd UCNPs overlaps with the main absorption band of the BODIPY at 540 nm. The conjugate was irradiated at 978 nm, but instability of the BODIPY dye was observed, which made singlet oxygen quantum yield determination impossible. An enhanced singlet oxygen quantum yield value was observed upon irradiation of the conjugate at 540 nm, suggesting that further studies of this system are warranted. The OL properties of BODIPY cores and dyes, which are π-extended at the 3,5-positions with styryl groups, were studied in a series of different organic solvents at 532 nm by using the z-scan technique on a nanosecond timescale. Many of the dyes were used to compare the effects of introducing electron donor and acceptor groups on the OL properties of the dyes. The dipole moments of these dyes were found to correlate with the OL response. The OL results indicate that BODIPY dyes with push-pull properties, which are π-extended at the 3,5-positions with styryl groups, can be considered as viable candidates for use in OL applications. The studies sought to establish the effect of ESA in the triplet manifold as compared to the singlet manifold in as far as the OL response is concerned. The most promising dyes were embedded in polystyrene thin films, and this was found to significantly enhance their OL properties.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Dynamic Mathematical Modeling in Chemical Reaction Networks
- Authors: Gurajena, Simba
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Chemical reaction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11961 , vital:39122
- Description: Many students are familiar with the idea of ecological, financial modeling and modeling in other fields, but modeling in engineering fields is still an area to be looked at. In this discussion the researcher will deal with chemical reaction networks. This will cover areas in chemical reaction, interaction diagrams and the associated models. The discussion will also cover dynamic behaviour of reaction networks. The law of mass action and examples of simple networks will be dealt with. Differential equation models of biochemical and genetic systems are invariantly nonlinear, and as such numerical simulation is used to solve such models. The use of numerical simulation packages will be discussed and separation of timescale and model reduction will form part of the discussion.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Gurajena, Simba
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Chemical reaction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11961 , vital:39122
- Description: Many students are familiar with the idea of ecological, financial modeling and modeling in other fields, but modeling in engineering fields is still an area to be looked at. In this discussion the researcher will deal with chemical reaction networks. This will cover areas in chemical reaction, interaction diagrams and the associated models. The discussion will also cover dynamic behaviour of reaction networks. The law of mass action and examples of simple networks will be dealt with. Differential equation models of biochemical and genetic systems are invariantly nonlinear, and as such numerical simulation is used to solve such models. The use of numerical simulation packages will be discussed and separation of timescale and model reduction will form part of the discussion.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
E-waste management in the Nelson Mandela Bay households, awareness and their participation in the disposal of electronic and electrical waste
- Authors: Stowman, Grant Michael
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Electronic waste -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Electronic waste -- Economic aspects Environmental education -- Research Recycling (Waste, etc.) -- Economic aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/35245 , vital:33666
- Description: Over the years there has been an exceptional growth in electrical and electronic products. Technology improved consumer products have become a vital part of mankind’s daily living experiences and development. This has made a significant difference in the standard of living for many people (Okorhi et al., 2015). The same phenomenon has also made a major contribution to science and agricultural activities. However, the by-products belonging to electrical and electronic appliances and the dismantling processes have created huge challenges. The contents of these devices have brought along a visible threat to people and the environment. E-waste contains a multitude of elements which contain certain toxic substances. Exposure to these hazardous substances can be dangerous to humans and the environment (Rajput,2013). The inappropriate handling comes in the form of legal or illegal dumping, crude recycling, improper treatment and using incorrect disposalmethods. On the other hand, e-waste devices have the potential to augment lifestyles by recycling and reusing endof- life devices or extracting elements such as lead, gold, silver etc. (UNEP, 2007). E-waste has been growing rapidly world-wide and has become one of the fastest growing waste streams. This phenomenon has been fuelled by consumers purchasing multiple electrical and electronic products. The high obsolescence rates of these products lead to the dumping of these devices for newer products. The increasing market penetration through technology also receives a boost from social changes such as globalisation and urbanisation (Babu et al., 2007). The main aim of this study is to ascertain the relevance of e-waste management and its consequences in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole. World-wide, many countries have or are busy putting together policies and legislation to combat e-waste. South Africa has certain policies and legislation in place regarding hazardous substances. However, the policies and legislation are not specific enough when it comes to the collection, recycling and disposal of e-waste (Dittke, 2007). Against this background, the aim of this study was to investigate certain factors that influence households, when it comes to the management of household e-waste. These factors include the awareness and the participation of households in the management and disposal of electronic and electrical waste in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole. A theoretical framework was developed to address the above-mentioned challenges. Three suburbs in the NMBM were purposely selected to conduct this study. These suburbs fell into the lower, middle and high-income areas. The study used the quantitative research method and data was gathered by using questionnaires. A systematic random sampling method was applied to distribute the questionnaires. The data was analysed, and certain conclusions were made. Firstly, there is a wide range of e-waste being indiscriminately disposed of by householders. Secondly, findings indicated a low level of awareness regarding the environmental and harmful effects of e-waste when it comes to humans. Thirdly, the study also revealed that NMBM has no household e-waste management strategy in place. The study recommends the need for meaningful environmental education to uplift community awareness pertaining to e-waste management. Lastly, the NMBM needs to formulate by-laws and guidance policies when it comes to household e-waste disposal. These recommendations will help to preserve our world for future generations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Stowman, Grant Michael
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Electronic waste -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Electronic waste -- Economic aspects Environmental education -- Research Recycling (Waste, etc.) -- Economic aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/35245 , vital:33666
- Description: Over the years there has been an exceptional growth in electrical and electronic products. Technology improved consumer products have become a vital part of mankind’s daily living experiences and development. This has made a significant difference in the standard of living for many people (Okorhi et al., 2015). The same phenomenon has also made a major contribution to science and agricultural activities. However, the by-products belonging to electrical and electronic appliances and the dismantling processes have created huge challenges. The contents of these devices have brought along a visible threat to people and the environment. E-waste contains a multitude of elements which contain certain toxic substances. Exposure to these hazardous substances can be dangerous to humans and the environment (Rajput,2013). The inappropriate handling comes in the form of legal or illegal dumping, crude recycling, improper treatment and using incorrect disposalmethods. On the other hand, e-waste devices have the potential to augment lifestyles by recycling and reusing endof- life devices or extracting elements such as lead, gold, silver etc. (UNEP, 2007). E-waste has been growing rapidly world-wide and has become one of the fastest growing waste streams. This phenomenon has been fuelled by consumers purchasing multiple electrical and electronic products. The high obsolescence rates of these products lead to the dumping of these devices for newer products. The increasing market penetration through technology also receives a boost from social changes such as globalisation and urbanisation (Babu et al., 2007). The main aim of this study is to ascertain the relevance of e-waste management and its consequences in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole. World-wide, many countries have or are busy putting together policies and legislation to combat e-waste. South Africa has certain policies and legislation in place regarding hazardous substances. However, the policies and legislation are not specific enough when it comes to the collection, recycling and disposal of e-waste (Dittke, 2007). Against this background, the aim of this study was to investigate certain factors that influence households, when it comes to the management of household e-waste. These factors include the awareness and the participation of households in the management and disposal of electronic and electrical waste in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole. A theoretical framework was developed to address the above-mentioned challenges. Three suburbs in the NMBM were purposely selected to conduct this study. These suburbs fell into the lower, middle and high-income areas. The study used the quantitative research method and data was gathered by using questionnaires. A systematic random sampling method was applied to distribute the questionnaires. The data was analysed, and certain conclusions were made. Firstly, there is a wide range of e-waste being indiscriminately disposed of by householders. Secondly, findings indicated a low level of awareness regarding the environmental and harmful effects of e-waste when it comes to humans. Thirdly, the study also revealed that NMBM has no household e-waste management strategy in place. The study recommends the need for meaningful environmental education to uplift community awareness pertaining to e-waste management. Lastly, the NMBM needs to formulate by-laws and guidance policies when it comes to household e-waste disposal. These recommendations will help to preserve our world for future generations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Economic change in town and countryside in the former Transkei : land use, livelihoods and market linkages in Ngcobo, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Nikelo, Nqaba Benedictor
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Homelands (South Africa) Homelands (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Agricultural Economics
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10768 , vital:35757
- Description: In 1913 in South Africa the natives of land act during apartheid resulted to the separation of South Africa. South Africa was divided into two areas where they were black and white areas. This act had a rule that said the black people can only move out of their lands only if employed as labourers by the whites. The white population was one-fifth of the population and was given 92.5 percent of the land while the rest of the population were blacks and they were restricted to stay on the 7.5 percent of land. In the Eastern Cape, two homelands were created: the Transkei (in 1951) and the Ciskei (in 1961). In 1963 the Transkei became the first homeland to be granted the status of 'self-governing territory within the Republic of South Africa’, with the Ciskei following suit in 1972. The apartheid policies caused economic failure and corruption because very little economic and infrastructural development took place in the homelands. According to the ‘legacy perspective’: the former homelands are historically-determined structural poverty traps. The objective of the study is to describe the extent and change of economic function/role of Ngcobo town and linkages with its surrounding villages. Availability or convenient sampling and random sampling techniques were used to collect primary data from farmers and surrounding villages. Descriptive statistics was used to profile farmers as well as the participants in the surrounding villages. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the change in the economy of Ngcobo town and the change in the economy of the surrounding rural areas. Households in the former homelands devote a large share of their total expenditure to food and beverages, and yet it would appear that a relatively small share of this food originates from these same rural areas. The point of departure of this report is the observation that rural areas are diverse, whereby some areas within the former homeland areas in particular exhibit signs of dynamism which are not understandable in terms of the ‘legacy perspective’.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Nikelo, Nqaba Benedictor
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Homelands (South Africa) Homelands (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Agricultural Economics
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10768 , vital:35757
- Description: In 1913 in South Africa the natives of land act during apartheid resulted to the separation of South Africa. South Africa was divided into two areas where they were black and white areas. This act had a rule that said the black people can only move out of their lands only if employed as labourers by the whites. The white population was one-fifth of the population and was given 92.5 percent of the land while the rest of the population were blacks and they were restricted to stay on the 7.5 percent of land. In the Eastern Cape, two homelands were created: the Transkei (in 1951) and the Ciskei (in 1961). In 1963 the Transkei became the first homeland to be granted the status of 'self-governing territory within the Republic of South Africa’, with the Ciskei following suit in 1972. The apartheid policies caused economic failure and corruption because very little economic and infrastructural development took place in the homelands. According to the ‘legacy perspective’: the former homelands are historically-determined structural poverty traps. The objective of the study is to describe the extent and change of economic function/role of Ngcobo town and linkages with its surrounding villages. Availability or convenient sampling and random sampling techniques were used to collect primary data from farmers and surrounding villages. Descriptive statistics was used to profile farmers as well as the participants in the surrounding villages. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the change in the economy of Ngcobo town and the change in the economy of the surrounding rural areas. Households in the former homelands devote a large share of their total expenditure to food and beverages, and yet it would appear that a relatively small share of this food originates from these same rural areas. The point of departure of this report is the observation that rural areas are diverse, whereby some areas within the former homeland areas in particular exhibit signs of dynamism which are not understandable in terms of the ‘legacy perspective’.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Educators' perceptions of inclusive education for learners with physical disabilities
- Authors: Mpu, Nondumiso Yolanda
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: People with disabilities -- Education -- South Africa Inclusive education -- South Africa Disability studies -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9401 , vital:34346
- Description: There is a grave concern that in South Africa, the total population of learners between the ages of 5 and 18 was estimated at approximately 14.6 million – of which near 1,000,000 are disabled. The record in addition to this regard estimates that the wide variety of children with disabilities who are of school‐going age, yet are out of school, could be as high as half a million. The motives why disabled children are not attending school are manifold; however paramount among them is that their needs are not catered for. Inclusive education entails changing values, attitudes of people, specifically of educators and learners, policies and the practices inside schools. Since post apartheid there is only one known policy which reveals that only 20 percent of learners with disabilities were accommodated in special schools. Current statistics show that only about 64,200 learners with disabilities or impairments are accommodated in about 380 special schools. This indicates that, potentially, 280,000 learners with disabilities or impairments are unaccounted for. Analysis of the data reveals the extent of the disparities in provision for learners with disabilities, for example: The incidence of disabilities in the Eastern Cape constitutes 17.39 percent of the disabled population, yet the province has only 10.79 percent of the total number of special schools. Gauteng has 17.14 percent of the disabled population but has 25.26 percent of the schools. The Western Cape has 5.47 percent of the disabled population but has 21.58 percent of the schools. This mismatch between needs and provision is a direct result of previous apartheid policies that allocated facilities on a racial basis. Inclusive education calls for an education system, which does no longer discriminate, however welcomes all individuals, providing support and services so that every child benefits equally in mainstream schools around their regions as only 41 special schools are in the Eastern Cape. Educator perceptions as the key personnel in the inclusion and in the implementation of policies related with classroom related issued play centre stage and need to be considered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mpu, Nondumiso Yolanda
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: People with disabilities -- Education -- South Africa Inclusive education -- South Africa Disability studies -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9401 , vital:34346
- Description: There is a grave concern that in South Africa, the total population of learners between the ages of 5 and 18 was estimated at approximately 14.6 million – of which near 1,000,000 are disabled. The record in addition to this regard estimates that the wide variety of children with disabilities who are of school‐going age, yet are out of school, could be as high as half a million. The motives why disabled children are not attending school are manifold; however paramount among them is that their needs are not catered for. Inclusive education entails changing values, attitudes of people, specifically of educators and learners, policies and the practices inside schools. Since post apartheid there is only one known policy which reveals that only 20 percent of learners with disabilities were accommodated in special schools. Current statistics show that only about 64,200 learners with disabilities or impairments are accommodated in about 380 special schools. This indicates that, potentially, 280,000 learners with disabilities or impairments are unaccounted for. Analysis of the data reveals the extent of the disparities in provision for learners with disabilities, for example: The incidence of disabilities in the Eastern Cape constitutes 17.39 percent of the disabled population, yet the province has only 10.79 percent of the total number of special schools. Gauteng has 17.14 percent of the disabled population but has 25.26 percent of the schools. The Western Cape has 5.47 percent of the disabled population but has 21.58 percent of the schools. This mismatch between needs and provision is a direct result of previous apartheid policies that allocated facilities on a racial basis. Inclusive education calls for an education system, which does no longer discriminate, however welcomes all individuals, providing support and services so that every child benefits equally in mainstream schools around their regions as only 41 special schools are in the Eastern Cape. Educator perceptions as the key personnel in the inclusion and in the implementation of policies related with classroom related issued play centre stage and need to be considered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Effect of a participatory voter education programme on secondary school students' political knowledge and attitude in Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Authors: Dada, Adekunle Babatunde
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Voting -- Education (Secondary) -- Nigeria Political participation -- Nigeria Education, Secondary -- Nigeria
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9478 , vital:34355
- Description: Nigeria has been besieged by an array of political, economic and social problems. This became obvious as many Nigerian youths that are said to be future leaders, because of the crucial role played in political and social development of the nation are derailing politically. These young leaders don’t just wake up to become leaders in a day; they need to be empowered and their minds need to be redirected through appropriate civic and electoral education in order for them to be strong enough to play their inevitable roles in sustainable national development and electoral processes. The continuous use of teacher-centered strategies portends retardation in teaching-learning processes; as learning outcomes are largely reduced to mere passing of examination; leaving out the essential knowledge, attitude and practice which are required for enhancing responsible citizenry and active political participation of students. The use of conventional method has also led to poor attitude of students to socio-political issues. This study therefore determined the effect of a Participatory Voter Education Programme on Secondary School Students’ Political Knowledge and Attitude. It also investigated the moderating effects of location and gender on the dependent variables. The pre-test, post-test, control group quasi-experimental design with a 2x2x2 factorial matrix was adopted for the study. One hundred and fifty-four secondary school two students from the three senatorial districts of Ekiti State were randomly selected for the study using multi-stage random sampling and assigned to experimental and control groups. An intact class sample selection was also employed for the study. Seven null hypotheses were generated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Four instruments were developed. These were Voter Education Concepts (Political) Knowledge Test (VECKT), Voter Education (political) Attitude Test (VEAS) Instructional Guide for the Participatory Teaching Strategy and,Conventional Teaching Method Guide. The study lasted for ten weeks. Data collected were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), Estimated Marginal Means (EMM) and graphs. There was a significant effect of treatment on secondary school students’ political knowledge (F (1,385) = 1026.945; P <0.05). The Secondary school students exposed to the participatory Voter Education programme performed better (X= 29.17) than those exposed to the conventional Method ( X = 6.65). Also there was a significant effect of treatment on Secondary School Students Political Attitude (F (1,385) = 98.970; p < 0.05). Those exposed to participatory Voter Education programme performed better ( X = 63.97) than those in the conventional Method ( X = 56.27). Also, those in the Urban area obtained higher mean Political Knowledge score ( X = 19.78) than those in the rural area ( X = 16.78). While there were no significant main effect of gender on secondary school students’ political knowledge and attitude. The participatory Voter Education programme is effective in impacting Secondary School Students’ political knowledge and attitude. It was, therefore, recommended that the Participatory Voter Education programme be adopted by the Social Studies/ Civic Educators for presenting the political concepts to students in their classroom.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dada, Adekunle Babatunde
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Voting -- Education (Secondary) -- Nigeria Political participation -- Nigeria Education, Secondary -- Nigeria
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9478 , vital:34355
- Description: Nigeria has been besieged by an array of political, economic and social problems. This became obvious as many Nigerian youths that are said to be future leaders, because of the crucial role played in political and social development of the nation are derailing politically. These young leaders don’t just wake up to become leaders in a day; they need to be empowered and their minds need to be redirected through appropriate civic and electoral education in order for them to be strong enough to play their inevitable roles in sustainable national development and electoral processes. The continuous use of teacher-centered strategies portends retardation in teaching-learning processes; as learning outcomes are largely reduced to mere passing of examination; leaving out the essential knowledge, attitude and practice which are required for enhancing responsible citizenry and active political participation of students. The use of conventional method has also led to poor attitude of students to socio-political issues. This study therefore determined the effect of a Participatory Voter Education Programme on Secondary School Students’ Political Knowledge and Attitude. It also investigated the moderating effects of location and gender on the dependent variables. The pre-test, post-test, control group quasi-experimental design with a 2x2x2 factorial matrix was adopted for the study. One hundred and fifty-four secondary school two students from the three senatorial districts of Ekiti State were randomly selected for the study using multi-stage random sampling and assigned to experimental and control groups. An intact class sample selection was also employed for the study. Seven null hypotheses were generated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Four instruments were developed. These were Voter Education Concepts (Political) Knowledge Test (VECKT), Voter Education (political) Attitude Test (VEAS) Instructional Guide for the Participatory Teaching Strategy and,Conventional Teaching Method Guide. The study lasted for ten weeks. Data collected were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), Estimated Marginal Means (EMM) and graphs. There was a significant effect of treatment on secondary school students’ political knowledge (F (1,385) = 1026.945; P <0.05). The Secondary school students exposed to the participatory Voter Education programme performed better (X= 29.17) than those exposed to the conventional Method ( X = 6.65). Also there was a significant effect of treatment on Secondary School Students Political Attitude (F (1,385) = 98.970; p < 0.05). Those exposed to participatory Voter Education programme performed better ( X = 63.97) than those in the conventional Method ( X = 56.27). Also, those in the Urban area obtained higher mean Political Knowledge score ( X = 19.78) than those in the rural area ( X = 16.78). While there were no significant main effect of gender on secondary school students’ political knowledge and attitude. The participatory Voter Education programme is effective in impacting Secondary School Students’ political knowledge and attitude. It was, therefore, recommended that the Participatory Voter Education programme be adopted by the Social Studies/ Civic Educators for presenting the political concepts to students in their classroom.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Effect of doping vs covalent linking of a low symmetry zinc phthalocyanine to silica nanoparticles on singlet oxygen production
- Peteni, Siwaphiwe, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Peteni, Siwaphiwe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187873 , vital:44705 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2018.06.029"
- Description: Tris[(4-(pyridin-4-ylthio)-2-thio-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)acetic acid phthalocyaninato] zinc (II) (3) was covalently linked to and doped onto SiNPs. An increase in triplet quantum yields for 3-SiNPs (linked) with decreasing lifetimes was observed. For 3-SiNPs (doped) there was a decrease in both the triplet quantum yield and lifetimes when compared to 3 alone. There was an increase in singlet oxygen quantum yields for 3-SiNPs (linked) compared to 3 from 0.67 to 0.80, while there was a decrease for 3-SiNPs (doped) to 0.25.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Peteni, Siwaphiwe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187873 , vital:44705 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2018.06.029"
- Description: Tris[(4-(pyridin-4-ylthio)-2-thio-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)acetic acid phthalocyaninato] zinc (II) (3) was covalently linked to and doped onto SiNPs. An increase in triplet quantum yields for 3-SiNPs (linked) with decreasing lifetimes was observed. For 3-SiNPs (doped) there was a decrease in both the triplet quantum yield and lifetimes when compared to 3 alone. There was an increase in singlet oxygen quantum yields for 3-SiNPs (linked) compared to 3 from 0.67 to 0.80, while there was a decrease for 3-SiNPs (doped) to 0.25.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Effect of femininity on sexual health decision making of young females
- Authors: De Wet, Elna
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Female students -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23705 , vital:30603
- Description: South Africa is characterised by high levels of HIV infections and unwanted pregnancies, despite the vast amount of interventions aimed at combatting this issue. It becomes important to explore why these interventions are not actively achieving what they aim to. A major cause for concern is the increase in risky sexual behaviour in the adolescence and young adult (15-24 year) age group. In various cultures, women’s socialization has a direct impact on their ability to prioritize their sexual health. Steeped in patriarchal ideology, many South African cultures prioritise the power of masculinity over and above the femxle experience. Improved partner communication leads to decreased risky sexual behaviour, but it becomes tricky when the relationship is characterized by a gender power imbalance. This study is aimed at understanding South African femxle sexual health by focussing on 1) the extent to which the overarching traditional beliefs about femininity is related to their sexual self-efficacy. Furthermore, it is aimed at 2) the extent to which they engage in sexual activity and behaviour that would protect them from STIs and unwanted pregnancies. Research design is quantitative and include an online survey for femxle students between the ages of 18 and 24, enrolled at the Nelson Mandela University, South Africa. The data was analysed statistically, where after the research findings will be interpreted from the perspective of Feminist Psychological Theory.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: De Wet, Elna
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Female students -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23705 , vital:30603
- Description: South Africa is characterised by high levels of HIV infections and unwanted pregnancies, despite the vast amount of interventions aimed at combatting this issue. It becomes important to explore why these interventions are not actively achieving what they aim to. A major cause for concern is the increase in risky sexual behaviour in the adolescence and young adult (15-24 year) age group. In various cultures, women’s socialization has a direct impact on their ability to prioritize their sexual health. Steeped in patriarchal ideology, many South African cultures prioritise the power of masculinity over and above the femxle experience. Improved partner communication leads to decreased risky sexual behaviour, but it becomes tricky when the relationship is characterized by a gender power imbalance. This study is aimed at understanding South African femxle sexual health by focussing on 1) the extent to which the overarching traditional beliefs about femininity is related to their sexual self-efficacy. Furthermore, it is aimed at 2) the extent to which they engage in sexual activity and behaviour that would protect them from STIs and unwanted pregnancies. Research design is quantitative and include an online survey for femxle students between the ages of 18 and 24, enrolled at the Nelson Mandela University, South Africa. The data was analysed statistically, where after the research findings will be interpreted from the perspective of Feminist Psychological Theory.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Effect of femininity on sexual health decision making of young females
- Authors: De Wet, Elna
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Teenage girls -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa , Women -- Identity , Adolescents -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30298 , vital:30928
- Description: South Africa is characterised by high levels of HIV infections and unwanted pregnancies, despite the vast amount of interventions aimed at combatting this issue. It becomes important to explore why these interventions are not actively achieving what they aim to. A major cause for concern is the increase in risky sexual behaviour in the adolescence and young adult (15-24 year) age group. In various cultures, women’s socialization has a direct impact on their ability to prioritize their sexual health. Steeped in patriarchal ideology, many South African cultures prioritise the power of masculinity over and above the femxle experience. Improved partner communication leads to decreased risky sexual behaviour, but it becomes tricky when the relationship is characterized by a gender power imbalance. This study is aimed at understanding South African femxle sexual health by focussing on 1) the extent to which the overarching traditional beliefs about femininity is related to their sexual self-efficacy. Furthermore, it is aimed at 2) the extent to which they engage in sexual activity and behaviour that would protect them from STIs and unwanted pregnancies. Research design is quantitative and include an online survey for femxle students between the ages of 18 and 24, enrolled at the Nelson Mandela University, South Africa. The data was analysed statistically, where after the research findings will be interpreted from the perspective of Feminist Psychological Theory.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: De Wet, Elna
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Teenage girls -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa , Women -- Identity , Adolescents -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30298 , vital:30928
- Description: South Africa is characterised by high levels of HIV infections and unwanted pregnancies, despite the vast amount of interventions aimed at combatting this issue. It becomes important to explore why these interventions are not actively achieving what they aim to. A major cause for concern is the increase in risky sexual behaviour in the adolescence and young adult (15-24 year) age group. In various cultures, women’s socialization has a direct impact on their ability to prioritize their sexual health. Steeped in patriarchal ideology, many South African cultures prioritise the power of masculinity over and above the femxle experience. Improved partner communication leads to decreased risky sexual behaviour, but it becomes tricky when the relationship is characterized by a gender power imbalance. This study is aimed at understanding South African femxle sexual health by focussing on 1) the extent to which the overarching traditional beliefs about femininity is related to their sexual self-efficacy. Furthermore, it is aimed at 2) the extent to which they engage in sexual activity and behaviour that would protect them from STIs and unwanted pregnancies. Research design is quantitative and include an online survey for femxle students between the ages of 18 and 24, enrolled at the Nelson Mandela University, South Africa. The data was analysed statistically, where after the research findings will be interpreted from the perspective of Feminist Psychological Theory.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Effect of nature of nanoparticles on the photophysicochemical properties of asymmetrically substituted Zn phthalocyanines
- Magadla, Aviwe, Oluwole, David O, Britton, Jonathan, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Magadla, Aviwe , Oluwole, David O , Britton, Jonathan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/234539 , vital:50206 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2018.06.043"
- Description: In this work, low symmetry Zn mono caffeic acid tri-tert butyl (1) and Zn monocarboxyphenoxy tri-(tert-butylphenoxyl) (2) phthalocyanines (Pcs) were covalently linked to amino (using glutathione, GSH, or 3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, APTES) functionalised nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are represented as: AgNPs-GSH, SiNPs-APTES, Fe3O4-Ag-SiNPs-APTES and Fe3O4-AgNPs-GSH). The photophysical and photochemical behaviour of the complexes 1 and 2 and their conjugates with nanoparticles were investigated in dimethyl sulfoxide. The conjugates of the Pc complexes with the NPs afforded increase in triplet quantum yields with corresponding decrease in fluorescence quantum yield compared to the Pc complexes alone. The conjugates of 1-AgNPs-GSH, 2-SiNPs-APTES and 2-Fe3O4-Ag-SiNPs-APTES showed higher singlet oxygen quantum yield values as compared to the Pc complexes alone.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Magadla, Aviwe , Oluwole, David O , Britton, Jonathan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/234539 , vital:50206 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2018.06.043"
- Description: In this work, low symmetry Zn mono caffeic acid tri-tert butyl (1) and Zn monocarboxyphenoxy tri-(tert-butylphenoxyl) (2) phthalocyanines (Pcs) were covalently linked to amino (using glutathione, GSH, or 3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, APTES) functionalised nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are represented as: AgNPs-GSH, SiNPs-APTES, Fe3O4-Ag-SiNPs-APTES and Fe3O4-AgNPs-GSH). The photophysical and photochemical behaviour of the complexes 1 and 2 and their conjugates with nanoparticles were investigated in dimethyl sulfoxide. The conjugates of the Pc complexes with the NPs afforded increase in triplet quantum yields with corresponding decrease in fluorescence quantum yield compared to the Pc complexes alone. The conjugates of 1-AgNPs-GSH, 2-SiNPs-APTES and 2-Fe3O4-Ag-SiNPs-APTES showed higher singlet oxygen quantum yield values as compared to the Pc complexes alone.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018