https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11028 Wed 12 May 2021 23:48:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11025 Wed 12 May 2021 23:25:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11021 Wed 12 May 2021 23:21:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11032 0.8, and one with 0.2 < d < 0.8. At the end of the three-month duration of the study, the experimental group indicated better performances at the end of the study than at the start, thereby confirming the positive and lasting effect of the water-based intervention programme. Therefore, the use of a water-based programme in improving motor proficiency is supported. However, implementation of the programme over a longer period is recommended.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 19:40:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11034 Wed 12 May 2021 17:54:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11026 .05) in stature between the backline and schoolboy forwards. All the positional categories proved to have significantly thicker (p < .05) necks, but significantly shorter (p < .05) cervical spines than the schoolboy forwards. The forward positional categories demonstrated to be significantly stronger (p < .05), on all peak torque measures, than the schoolboy forwards. The same was observed between the backline and schoolboy forwards, however no statistically significant difference (p > .05) was observed between the respective sample groups for the measure of peak lateral flexion left torque. For all the measures of power generated at 0.2 of a second, the senior forward positional categories proved to be significantly more powerful (p < .05) than the schoolboy forwards. The senior backline, although significantly more powerful (p < .05) in the flexion movement pattern, proved to be significantly less powerful (p < .05) than the schoolboy forwards in the lateral flexion right movement pattern. No statistically significant differences (p < .05) were found to exist between the senior backline and schoolboy forwards for the extension and lateral flexion left power generated at 0.2 of a second variables. All positional categories proved to have significantly smaller (p < .05) active and passive ranges of motion compared to the schoolboy forwards. Conversely, the senior elite players had significantly larger (p < .05) ratios (PTF/PTE, PTL/PTR, PT/BW and PT/LBM) than the schoolboy forwards. Literature has identified schoolboy rugby as having a much higher incidence of cervical spinal injuries than senior rugby. It can thus be inferred from the above information that the variables of peak torque and power generated at 0.2 of a second play a important role in safeguarding a player from injury on the field of play. Furthermore, calculated ratios show that senior players, especially the forwards, have undergone adaptive changes in cervical musculature strength to meet the requirements of the position they play in, thereby safeguarding themselves from cervical spinal injury. Proper cervical musculature conditioning has been cited in the literature as being an effective but neglected method of preventing cervical spinal injuries. The generation of normative data, concerning cervical musculature performance, can thus be used to prevent the occurrence of cervical injuries and re-injury of the cervical spine by providing a standard of musculature strength for safe participation in rugby, and possibly other collision type sports, and a quantified guide for successful patient rehabilitation respectively.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 17:44:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11019 Wed 12 May 2021 17:41:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11020 Wed 12 May 2021 17:25:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11016 Wed 12 May 2021 16:02:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11029 0.05) were observed between the experimental techniques for: block time, force-time measures during block time, sprint times, sprint velocity and acceleratio n measures at intervals up to 50m. Significant differences (p<0.05) were however observed between reaction times for the experimental techniques. Slower reaction times are most likely due to increased upper body pretension, resulting from the increased hip elevation seen for these techniques. The results indicate that increased hip elevation may have delayed the initiation of the relevant motor response required to affect an optimal sprint start. Technique 1 resulted in the shortest reaction times, shortest block times, fastest sprint times and greatest sprint velocities for all four techniques. This result was possibly due to the athlete’s experience with, and repeated use of, this technique. The experimental techniques therefore provided no added advantage over the subject’s preferred starting technique and did not significantly optimise sprint starting performance. The results show that modification of the front knee angle had no significant influence on sprint starting performance and sprint running ve locity or acceleration patterns up to 50m. Using Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient to determine the strongest correlations between isokinetic knee strength and sprint starting performance, analysis revealed that the strongest relationships were found between sprint starting performance expressed as acceleration and isokinetic knee strength expressed as relative peak torque and absolute peak torque. For Technique 1 the strongest correlation was found between acceleration (30m - 40m) and relative peak torque as measured at a test speed of 240°/s (r = 0.62). For the remaining experimental techniques, the strongest correlation was found between acceleration (10m - 20m) and relative peak torque as measured at a test speed of 60°/s (r = 0.53) for Technique 2, between acceleration (40m - 50m) and peak torque measured at a test speed of 60°/s (r = 0.72) for Technique 3, and between acceleration (0m - 5m) and peak torque as measured at a test speed of 240°/s (r = 0.71) for Technique 4. These results suggest that isokinetic muscle strength does not correlate strongly with sprint starting performance and that additional factors, such as neuromuscular organisation and muscle fibre typing, possibly make a greater contribution to optimal sprint starting performance.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 08:47:12 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11023 Thu 13 May 2021 07:07:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11017 Thu 13 May 2021 06:51:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11033 Thu 13 May 2021 06:42:12 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11022 Thu 13 May 2021 04:42:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11018 Thu 13 May 2021 04:10:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11030 Thu 13 May 2021 04:00:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11027 Thu 13 May 2021 02:05:06 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11031 Thu 13 May 2021 00:55:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11024 Thu 13 May 2021 00:27:46 SAST ]]>