https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4102 Wed 12 May 2021 23:39:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3985 Wed 12 May 2021 22:57:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4122 Wed 12 May 2021 20:31:39 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4087 Wed 12 May 2021 18:57:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4107 Wed 12 May 2021 18:29:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4101 Wed 12 May 2021 18:21:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4121 Wed 12 May 2021 18:17:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3991 Wed 12 May 2021 17:52:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3966 Wed 12 May 2021 16:12:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3940 90% of the algae population. Under batch operation the population dynamic shifted; Chlorella outcompeted Micractinium possibly due to nutrient depletion and selective grazing pressures caused by proliferation of Daphnia. Higher species diversity was observed during batch mode as slower growing algae were able to establish in the HRAP. Nutrient removal efficiency and biomass productivity was higher in continuous mode, however lower nutrient levels were obtained in batch operation. HMTBA did not significantly affect growth rate, however treatment with 10 mg.L-1 resulted in slightly increased growth rate in Micractinium and increased final biomass concentrations in Chlorella, Micractinium and Spirulina (although this was not statistically significant for Micractinium and Spirulina), which are known mixotrophic species. Algae treated with Cu-HMTBA, showed reduced final biomass concentration with 10 mg.L-1, caused by Cu toxicity. Biochemical composition of the algae was species-specific and differed through the growth cycle, with high protein observed during early growth and high carbohydrate during late growth/early stationary phase. Additionally, 0.1 mg.L-1 HMTBA and Cu-HMTBA significantly reduced protein content in Chlorella, Micractinium, Scenedesmus and Pediastrum. In conclusion, operation of the HRAP in continuous culture provided suitable wastewater treatment with high productivity of an ideal species, Micractinium, for use in animal feed supplementation. This species had 40% protein content during growth (higher than the other species tested) and dominated the HRAP at > 90% of the algae population during continuous mode. Addition of HMTBA (> 1 mg.L-1) to algae cultivation systems and those treating wastewater, has the potential to improve productivity and the value of the biomass by enhancing protein content. Overall, the co-utilisation of microalgae for wastewater treatment and the generation of a biomass rich in protein, for incorporation into formulated animal feed supplements, represents a closed ecosystem which conserves nutrients and regenerates a most valuable resource, water.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 15:55:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3949 Thu 13 May 2021 13:31:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4136 Thu 13 May 2021 10:28:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4073 Thu 13 May 2021 06:37:23 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3989 Thu 13 May 2021 06:29:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4027 Thu 13 May 2021 05:56:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4096 Thu 13 May 2021 05:48:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3952 Thu 13 May 2021 04:58:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4086 Thu 13 May 2021 04:14:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3967 Thu 13 May 2021 02:10:17 SAST ]]>