https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9946 Wed 12 May 2021 23:50:45 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9395 Wed 12 May 2021 23:44:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9562 Wed 12 May 2021 23:37:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10453 Wed 12 May 2021 22:30:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9575 Wed 12 May 2021 22:24:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11952 Wed 12 May 2021 21:03:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10630 70 percent). It was observed that browsing on trees resulted in a clear browse-line and browsing on propagules mainly by goats resulted in reduced seedling establishment in most of the estuaries except those in protected areas. Mangroves had re-established in estuaries where they had been previously lost but mouth closure due to drought and sea storms resulted in the mass die back of mangroves in the Kobonqaba Estuary. There was a total loss of 31.5 ha in mangrove area cover in the last 30 years and this was a total reduction of 10.5 ha (11 percent) for every decade. This is high considering that the present total mangrove area cover is only 240.6 ha for all the Transkei estuaries. In this study it was concluded that the anthropogenic impacts such as livestock browsing and trampling as well as harvesting in these estuaries contributed most to the mangrove degradation as these are continuous pressures occurring over long periods and are expected to increase in future with increasing human population. Natural changes such as sea storms occur less frequently but could result in large scale destruction over shorter periods. Examples of these are mouth closure that result in mangrove mass mortality as well as strong floods which destroy forest by scouring of the banks.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 21:00:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10689 50 years of impacts on the thicket shrub community and test their spatial and temporal extent near water. I confirm the vulnerability of thicket to transformation (particularly near water) as the accumulated influences of elephant reduce community composition and structure, and predict that these impacts will eventually bring about landscape-level degradation and a significant loss of biodiversity. Importantly, results show an uneven distribution of effects between elements of this community: from community composition and structure, to the structure of individual canopy species and ecological functioning. While these findings confound our interpretation of the extent of the impacts, it demonstrates the importance of explicitly recognizing biodiversity and heterogeneity for the conservation management of elephant. Finally, I test the consequences of the impacts for coexisting rhinoceros. While I show that this causes rhinoceros to change their foraging strategies in the presence of elephant at high densities, I also show that elephant may facilitate access to food for rhinoceros at reduced densities. These findings indicate the importance of elephant in driving the structure and composition of the thicket shrub community and the consequences of this for coexisting large herbivores. Thus, developing a predictive understanding of the spatial and temporal variations of elephant impacts between elements of biodiversity and the mechanisms driving these changes are key to their management. This implies that the effective conservation management of elephant can only be achieved through the careful, scientific design of monitoring programmes.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 20:53:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9301 Wed 12 May 2021 20:31:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8434 Wed 12 May 2021 20:22:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11157 Wed 12 May 2021 20:09:07 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10139 Wed 12 May 2021 20:04:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9574 Wed 12 May 2021 20:02:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9014 Wed 12 May 2021 19:54:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10472 Wed 12 May 2021 19:25:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11188 Wed 12 May 2021 19:22:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11595 Wed 12 May 2021 19:11:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4607 Wed 12 May 2021 19:09:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9442 Wed 12 May 2021 18:59:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11443 Wed 12 May 2021 18:54:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9149 Wed 12 May 2021 18:49:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9566 Wed 12 May 2021 18:42:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8997 Wed 12 May 2021 18:40:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4326 Wed 12 May 2021 18:29:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5748 Wed 12 May 2021 18:28:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20581 Wed 12 May 2021 18:17:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9508 Wed 12 May 2021 18:17:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11572 Wed 12 May 2021 18:15:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9297 Wed 12 May 2021 18:11:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10688 Wed 12 May 2021 17:58:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10663 Wed 12 May 2021 17:55:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4143 Wed 12 May 2021 17:50:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9963 Wed 12 May 2021 17:46:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10452 Wed 12 May 2021 17:31:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2784 Wed 12 May 2021 17:15:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10709 Wed 12 May 2021 16:49:13 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3862 Wed 12 May 2021 16:47:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11239 Wed 12 May 2021 16:43:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1006 Wed 12 May 2021 16:27:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4410 Wed 12 May 2021 16:23:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8787 Wed 12 May 2021 16:22:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8161 Wed 12 May 2021 16:18:22 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9690 Wed 12 May 2021 16:18:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9387 Wed 12 May 2021 16:14:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8196 Wed 12 May 2021 16:07:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9691 Wed 12 May 2021 15:58:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11437 Tue 28 Aug 2018 08:51:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1689 Tue 22 Nov 2022 10:29:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30551 2 for Staphylococcus species, Acinetobacter species and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia suggest that they have arisen from high-risk sources where antibiotics are in constant arbitrary use resulting in high selective pressure. The presence of tetracycline resistance genes in Acinetobacter species justifies the observed phenotypic resistance to oxytetracycline and intermediate resistance to minocycline. High phenotypic resistance and the presence of some resistance genes in Staphylococcus species is a possible threat to public health and suggests animals to be important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance determinants in the environment. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics induces this kind of antibiotic resistance and should be discouraged. Personal hygiene is encouraged as it reduces the load of Acinetobacter species contacted from the environment that may be difficult to control. Commensal Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are as important as their clinical counterparts due to their roles in opportunistic infection, antibiotic resistance and their associated genes, especially sul gene. Personal hygiene is hereby advocated especially when in contact with soil, plants and plants’ rhizospheric soil.]]> Tue 07 May 2024 08:48:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6042 Thu 15 Jul 2021 20:34:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3308 Thu 13 May 2021 09:48:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11395 Thu 13 May 2021 09:14:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26423 Thu 13 May 2021 08:53:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10449 Thu 13 May 2021 07:13:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28538 Thu 13 May 2021 07:11:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8253 Thu 13 May 2021 07:02:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16133 Thu 13 May 2021 07:02:12 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9699 Thu 13 May 2021 07:01:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3323 Thu 13 May 2021 07:00:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5227 Thu 13 May 2021 06:47:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5580 Thu 13 May 2021 06:37:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9721 Thu 13 May 2021 06:27:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10140 Thu 13 May 2021 06:20:46 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10607 Thu 13 May 2021 06:16:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6041 Thu 13 May 2021 06:03:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11240 0.05); and efficient bactericidal activity (100% bacterial cells killed) at 1/2MIC and 4xMIC over different time intervals, 36-72hrs and 18-72hrs respectively. The appearance of bands on the thin layer chromatography (TLC) chromatogram spotted with the chloroform extracts of PH and CRT; and developed with hexane: ethyl acetate: acetic acid (HEA) and methanol: acetic acid: water (MAAW) solvent systems indicated the presence of compounds. Purification of the compounds contained in these extracts over silica gel column yielded numerous fractions which were evaluated for antibacterial activity and purity. PHF5 was the most active fraction with a mean MIC50 value of 1.25mg/mL. Volatile compounds belonging to different known chemical families in honey were identified in all the active fractions obtained from PH. Conversely, only four compounds were identified in the active fractions obtained from CRT hence the non volatile constituents could be of prime relevance with respect to antibacterial activity of this honey. Of novelty was the presence of thiophene and N-methyl-D3-azirdine compounds, essential precursors used for the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceuticals with vital biomedical properties. Linalool demonstrated potent inhibitory (MIC95, 0.002- 0.0313mg/mL) and bactericidal activity (0.0039-0.313mg/mL) against the test isolates. On the other hand, a significant difference was recorded (P < 0.05) in comparing the activity of linalool compound to the fractions. PH could serve as a good economic source of bioactive compounds which could be employed as template for the synthesis of novel anti-H. pylori drugs. However, further studies are needed to determine the non volatile active ingredients in PH and CRT as well as toxicological testing]]> Thu 13 May 2021 05:55:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8257 Thu 13 May 2021 05:51:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3316 Thu 13 May 2021 05:43:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8179 Thu 13 May 2021 05:34:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4337 Thu 13 May 2021 05:17:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5372 Thu 13 May 2021 05:05:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5464 Thu 13 May 2021 05:04:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1181 Thu 13 May 2021 04:29:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5373 Thu 13 May 2021 04:28:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5374 600 km) between aggregation and spawning areas. This uncertainty in the level of connectivity among coastal regions was addressed using mitochondrial DNA sequencing and genotyping of microsatellite repeat loci in the nuclear genome, which showed no evidence of major geographic barriers to gene flow in this species. Samples collected throughout the white steenbras core distribution showed high genetic diversity, low genetic differentiation and no evidence of isolation by distance or localised spawning. Although historically dominant in several fisheries, analysis of long-term commercial and recreational catch data for white steenbras indicated considerable declines and ultimately stock collapse. Improved catch-per-unit-effort in two large MPAs subsequent to closure confirmed that MPAs can be effective for the protection of white steenbras. However, the current MPA network encompasses a low proportion of sandy shoreline, for which white steenbras exhibits an affinity. Many MPAs do not prohibit recreational shore angling, which currently accounts for the greatest proportion of the total annual catch. Furthermore, EPAs within the juvenile distribution protect a negligible proportion of the total available surface area of estuaries – habitat on which white steenbras is wholly dependent. Despite some evidence of recent increases in abundance in estuaries and the surf zone in certain areas, white steenbras meets the criteria for “Endangered” on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and for “Protected species” status on the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act of South Africa. The species requires improved management, with consideration for its life-history style, estuarine dependency, surf zone residency, predictable spawning migrations and its poor conservation status. The multidisciplinary approach provides valuable information towards an improved scientific basis for the management of white steenbras and a framework for research that can be adopted for other overexploited, estuarine-associated coastal fishery species.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 04:06:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4314 Thu 13 May 2021 04:04:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10668 Thu 13 May 2021 03:57:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4313 Thu 13 May 2021 03:38:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11536 Thu 13 May 2021 03:30:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:18474 Thu 13 May 2021 03:26:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8822 Thu 13 May 2021 03:23:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1003 Thu 13 May 2021 03:12:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9418 Thu 13 May 2021 03:04:22 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9450 Thu 13 May 2021 03:01:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16186 Thu 13 May 2021 02:57:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11840 Thu 13 May 2021 02:26:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10619 Thu 13 May 2021 02:22:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11306 Thu 13 May 2021 02:20:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21138 Thu 13 May 2021 02:18:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9809 Thu 13 May 2021 02:12:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10687 Thu 13 May 2021 01:55:52 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9513 Thu 13 May 2021 01:50:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26418 Thu 13 May 2021 01:48:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9027 Thu 13 May 2021 01:47:12 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10240 Thu 13 May 2021 01:42:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11890 Thu 13 May 2021 01:29:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:18470 Thu 13 May 2021 01:09:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4309 97 % in selectively extracting the aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2). High reproducibility marked by the low %RSDs of < 1% and low LODs of ≤ 0.02 ng/g were calculated in all cases. The LODs were within the monitoring requirements of the European Commission. The results were validated with a peanut butter certified reference material. The chlorophyll MIP on the other hand selectively removed chlorophyll that would otherwise interfere during pesticide residue analysis (PRA) from > 0.6 to <0.09 Au in green plants extracts. The extracted chlorophyll was removed to far below the level of ≥ 0.399 Au that is usually associated with interference during PRA. Furthermore, the MIP demonstrated better selectivity by removing only chlorophyll (> 99%) in the presence of planar pesticides than the currently employed graphitized carbon black (GCB) that removed both the chlorophyll (> 88%) and planar pesticides (> 89%). For the interfering cholic acid during drug residue analysis, cholic acid MIP electrospun nanofibers demonstrated to be more sensitive and possessing higher loading capacity than the MIP particles. 100% cholic acid was removed by the nanofibers from standard solutions relative to 80% by the particles. This showed that the nanofibers have better performance than the micro particles and as such have potential to replace the particle based SPE sorbents that are currently in use. All the templates were optimally removed from the prepared MIPs by employing a novel pressurized hot water extraction template removal method that was used for the first time in this thesis. The method employed only water, an environmentally friendly solvent to remove templates to ≥ 99.6% with template residual bleeding of ≤ 0.02%.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 01:07:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11368 Thu 13 May 2021 00:30:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5627 Thu 13 May 2021 00:20:38 SAST ]]>