https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index en-us 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28395 Wed 12 May 2021 23:59:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32262 Wed 12 May 2021 23:33:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28654 Wed 12 May 2021 23:04:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31218 Wed 12 May 2021 23:04:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36637 Wed 12 May 2021 22:57:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35348 Wed 12 May 2021 22:34:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39153 Wed 12 May 2021 22:31:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33974 Wed 12 May 2021 22:30:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30692 Wed 12 May 2021 21:04:22 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34588 Wed 12 May 2021 20:58:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37082 Wed 12 May 2021 20:49:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33307 Wed 12 May 2021 20:33:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30701 Wed 12 May 2021 20:29:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37153 Wed 12 May 2021 20:17:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31223 Wed 12 May 2021 20:10:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37084 Wed 12 May 2021 20:05:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39877 Wed 12 May 2021 20:03:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35335 1 was observed, suggesting a super case II drug release mechanism. Finally, a modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay was used for ascertaining Candida albicans susceptibility to the developed formulations. Controls in the form of unloaded preparations and a commercially available cream were used. MNZ-SLNs and MNZ-hydrogel demonstrated superior antifungal activity to the commercially available cream. These results indicate that the developed MNZ-SLNloaded hydrogel formulation with localised thermo-responsive effect may be a promising carrier for intravaginal delivery of MNZ in the treatment of VVC.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 20:01:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31045 Wed 12 May 2021 20:01:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36928 Wed 12 May 2021 19:56:45 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30691 Wed 12 May 2021 19:55:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31000 Wed 12 May 2021 19:29:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30681 Wed 12 May 2021 19:17:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36731 Wed 12 May 2021 19:17:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31447 Wed 12 May 2021 19:12:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29112 Wed 12 May 2021 18:53:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37086 Wed 12 May 2021 18:49:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38152 Wed 12 May 2021 18:26:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31173 Wed 12 May 2021 18:15:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35256 Wed 12 May 2021 17:45:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36668 Wed 12 May 2021 17:31:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39882 Wed 12 May 2021 17:27:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38226 Wed 12 May 2021 17:16:23 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30574 Wed 12 May 2021 17:08:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36575 Wed 12 May 2021 16:53:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36918 Wed 12 May 2021 16:46:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30026 Wed 12 May 2021 16:31:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37159 Wed 12 May 2021 16:21:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30011 Wed 12 May 2021 16:12:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37154 Wed 12 May 2021 15:52:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36582 Pitting ~ Chopper roll), and vegetation management (Weedfree > Weedy) for Dbh, BA and Vol. In addition, there was a significant interaction between the preparation of a planting position and vegetation management for BA and Vol, with the need to manage vegetation more critical when pitting, compared to when ripping and/or chopper rolling. At Bergvliet (Chapter 3), the individual and integrated impact of slash management (Clear, Single and Double), fertilisation (Fertilisation versus No Fertilisation) and vegetation management (Weedfree versus Weedy) were investigated. The vegetation on the site (initially a mixture of grasses, herbaceous broadleaves and woody plants) competed with the seedlings from 0.4 years, with the woody component (mainly pine regeneration, Solanum mauritianum and Lantana camara) remaining competitive until rotation-end. Neither slash management nor fertilisation had a notable influence on vegetation cover. At 1.3 years, biomass sampled indicated a relationship between slash management and fertilisation where biomass was highest within the Clear + Fert (4 398 kg ha-1) and Double + No Fert slash treatments (4 698 kg ha-1). Soil and tree foliar nutrients were considered acceptable. At 17 years, vegetation management (Weedfree > Weedy) and the interaction between slash management and fertilisation significantly influenced rotation-end tree survival (Double + No Fert ~ Single + No Fert ~ Clear + Fert ~ Clear + No Fert > Double + Fert ~ Single + Fert). Neither slash management nor fertilisation (as main factors) had a significant influence on rotation-end growth. Vegetation management significantly improved Ht, Dbh, BA and Vol at rotation-end (Weedfree > Weedy). The management of vegetation resulted in 67.5 m3 ha-1 more volume at rotation-end than in the Weedy plots. At Hlabeni (Chapter 4), the individual and integrated impacts of different forms of fertiliser (No Fertilisation, Maxiphos, Agriphos and NPK) and ring weeding distances (0, 1, 2 and 3 m) were tested. Competition occurred from 0.6 years, and was from mainly grasses (and sedges) and herbaceous vegetation with limited woody plants. Fertilisation did not have a notable influence on vegetation cover, nor did it have a significant influence P. greggii survival and growth. However, fertilisation increased the vegetation biomass (NPK > No Fert ~ Agri > Maxi) which indirectly influenced P. greggii uniformity at 11.6 years. During initial stand development P. greggii responded positively (linear) to an increase in the area ring kept free of competitive vegetation (3_m > 2_m > 1_m > 0_m). Positive growth responses to vegetation management were, however, no longer significant at 11.6 years (except for height growth) possibly due to the absence of more suppressive woody plants. The results from these trials indicate that vegetation management was the most important silvicultural practice at re-establishment especially where woody vegetation persists. Results from this trial series confirm current vegetation management practices within South Africa are adequate, where the immediate area around the seedling or tree is kept free of vegetation with control of any woody vegetation that occurs outside of this area. The results also suggest that slash retention is acceptable if pitting and planting are properly undertaken, while fertiliser application did not have any notable benefit. In addition, these trials have indicated the value (to forest managers) of understanding the integrated impacts of silvicultural practices on long-term tree productivity..]]> Wed 12 May 2021 15:48:52 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31174 Wed 12 May 2021 15:47:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31412 Wed 12 May 2021 15:45:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40866 Wed 12 May 2021 15:02:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40846 Wed 12 May 2021 14:58:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41024 Wed 12 May 2021 14:38:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40864 Wed 12 May 2021 14:32:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40850 Wed 12 May 2021 14:28:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40025 Wed 12 May 2021 14:25:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40848 Wed 12 May 2021 14:08:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40042 Wed 12 May 2021 14:06:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41055 Wed 12 May 2021 14:05:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40018 0.05). Furthermore, histopathological evaluation of organs revealed that no abnormalities were in heart and liver and kidney of rats fed on the control diet, while mild congestion in the liver and myocardium (heart) were observed in rats fed with protein deficient diet. No visible abnormalities were observed in the heart, kidney and liver of animals on the PD 10 diet, but myocardial fibres showing intense eosinophilia was detected in heart muscles of rats fed PD and PD3 diets. In this study, MOLM had a negative impact on feed intake and growth performance of animals and haematology. Blood biochemistry and histology suggest that MOLM has the potential of defending the body against infection with hematinic and blood enhancing qualities. Protein deficiency led to a significant elevation in the serum lipid profile of rats especially cholesterol even with increase in MOLM. PD10 had the highest triglycerides content when compared to the control but was lower (p>0.05) to that of PD. There was an increase in crude fat, ADF, NDF and protein in faecal samples of rats supplemented with MOLM diets while a decrease in moisture and ash was observed compared to the control.Vitamin and mineral deficiency resulted in significant decrease in serum cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-C when compared to the control. There was a slight increase in excretion for all elements with increasing MOLM. Total removal of minerals and vitamins from the VMD experimental diets seemed not to have any visible negative impact on performance of the rats probably because of residual micronutrients present in other ingredients used in the feed formulation. MOLM could not replace protein in protein deficient diets.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 14:01:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40870 Wed 12 May 2021 13:55:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40869 Wed 12 May 2021 13:55:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40873 0.05). Meat from steers on the SLG system had higher (P<0.05) drip loss, protein and fat contents and lower (P <0.05) shear force, moisture and ash contents than the two rotational grazing approaches (HPG and FCG). The HPG had higher (P < 0.05) total running and capital costs compared to SLG and FCG grazing systems. The SLG system had greater (P ≤ 0.05) gross and net income compared to FCG and HPG systems, respectively. Overall, all the grazing systems had comparable growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality but rotational grazing systems had lower gross income relative to the SLG grazing system.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 13:51:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36614 5m). This study aimed to address this information gap. Dive surveys were conducted along 10 m long transects (~3 reps) at three depth zones (<1m; 1-2m; > 2m) for four sites along the span of the ranching concession area. Similar assessments were done at a seeded site at the Noordhoek Ski Boat Club and an unseeded site at the Willows area, in order to reveal whether seeding had any impact on the benthic community. Images from a GoPro mounted in the centre of a framer unit (0.5 m2) were taken every 0.5 m along the transect. Macroalgal and macrofaunal cover was determined from these images, and the benthic community characterised from these data. Seaweed samples were taken for species identification. In the four baseline sites, sampling was done at three depth zones to note any changes with a depth gradient, both in terms of substrate type, as well as community composition. There was a notable trend with substrate type having a significant influence (P<0.05) on the community structure. Seaweed communities were dominated by Plocamium corallorhiza and coralline turf based on substrate types. There was also a significant relationship (P<0.05) between substrate type, dominant seaweed species and abalone presence. A Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) of the community data suggested that the benthic community does not change significantly along the distance of coastline sampled. A hierarchical cluster analysis of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity for transect data also suggested that the four sites do not represent ecologically dissimilar communities. A similar analysis showed that abalone seeding had to date not altered the benthic community in shallow seeded areas from the community described for shallow unseeded areas. The study was used to describe the baseline benthic community in areas west of Cape Recife, examine the natural variability along the coast, and determine whether there are relationships between the benthic community composition and emergent abalone abundance. This information will be useful in selection of habitats for abalone seeding in the future. It is important that monitoring and surveying of the study area are to be continued in so allowing for long term data collection which will help in making informed decisions as well as documenting the impact in seeded areas when compared to unseeded areas.]]> Tue 12 Mar 2024 15:12:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39995 Tue 07 May 2024 10:40:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39878 Thu 13 May 2021 14:09:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31404 Thu 13 May 2021 12:43:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31489 Thu 13 May 2021 08:49:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38165 Thu 13 May 2021 08:18:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36224 Thu 13 May 2021 08:11:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31581 Thu 13 May 2021 07:38:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36658 Thu 13 May 2021 07:26:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37135 Thu 13 May 2021 07:22:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36634 Thu 13 May 2021 07:12:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29165 Thu 13 May 2021 07:11:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36169 Thu 13 May 2021 07:04:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31220 Thu 13 May 2021 06:48:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30999 Thu 13 May 2021 06:47:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36633 Thu 13 May 2021 06:38:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36644 Thu 13 May 2021 06:34:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36185 Thu 13 May 2021 06:28:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29788 Thu 13 May 2021 06:19:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36278 Thu 13 May 2021 06:19:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30765 Thu 13 May 2021 06:11:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39875 Thu 13 May 2021 06:04:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36281 Thu 13 May 2021 05:47:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31228 Thu 13 May 2021 05:39:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30027 5x105 K and >6x1021 W Hz-1 respectively. This work demonstrates that automated post-processing pipelines for wide-field, uniform sensitivity VLBI surveys are feasible and indeed made more efficient with new software, wide-field imaging algorithms and more purpose-built source- finders. This broadens the discovery space for future wide-field surveys with upcoming arrays such as the African VLBI Network (AVN), MeerKAT and the Square Kilometre Array (SKA).]]> Thu 13 May 2021 05:08:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31398 Thu 13 May 2021 04:55:12 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36636 1500 m). Of these 21 sites, 17 were suitable for either methane analysis or groundwater sampling, with four of the Soekor boreholes unsuitable. The presence of methane in groundwater and being freely emitted seems to be a common occurrence above the Main Karoo basin and of the 17 sites investigated, 14 had freely emitted methane emission. All but one of these sites had δ13C-(CH4)g signatures greater than -50 ‰, indicating a thermogenic origin. Combining the results obtained from the Picarro instrument with those compiled by Talma & Esterhuyse (2015), a higher resolution distribution map was created. The δ13C-CH4 signatures show patterning with a decreasing trend from the southern Karoo Basin to the north, which corresponds to the general decrease in thermal maturity of the Ecca shales (Whitehill Formation) northward across the Karoo Basin. The δ13C-(CH4)d results from a case study conducted by Eymold et al. (2018) differ significantly with the data collected in this study that included several of the same sampling locations. This is explained by a two phase partitioning (gas + water) that leads to the thermogenic endmember of methane being released in its free state (analysed by Picarro G2201-i) and microbial methane that is formed in situ remains dissolved in the water (analysed by Eymold et al. 2018). Soekor and deep sites; SA 1/66, KA 1/66, and KWV-1 that have direct pathways for methane migration from the Whitehill are deemed the best proxies to resolve the thermogenic endmember of methane, with δ13C-(CH4)g signatures of -26.32‰, 31.66‰, and -34.57‰, respectively. The hydrochemistry results suggests that that free methane emissions do not necessarily have to be associated with saline Cl- waters, as multiple sites have CH4 emissions with low salinities (Cl < 50 mg/L) and that methane in its free state can migrate to the surface due to buoyancy. The results also indicate that dolerite intrusions act as conduits for upward migration of groundwater from depth, but that the deep groundwater signatures proposed by Murray et al., (2015) are related to their different migration pathways and water-rock interactions rather than being representative of the deep formation waters. Using an initial assessment δ13C-CH4, TOC concentration [TOC] and the tritium (3H) values, where water samples that have 3H ≤ 1 TU, detectable TOC and δ13C-CH4 signatures > -50‰ could indicate hydraulic connectivity between the shallow aquifer and an organic/CH4 rich sedimentary layer, which may or may not be from the Whitehill Formation. However, this method for determining aquifer connectivity requires further investigations in the Karoo Basin context. The results obtained in this study add to the limited isotopic data of methane across the Karoo Basin and demonstrates the effectiveness of an infield identification of methane emissions using the Picarro G2201-i.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 03:54:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30563 Thu 13 May 2021 03:46:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29207 Thu 13 May 2021 03:15:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35265 Thu 13 May 2021 02:59:46 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30702 Thu 13 May 2021 02:19:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35347 Thu 13 May 2021 02:05:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36230 Thu 13 May 2021 02:05:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30557 Thu 13 May 2021 01:46:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30022 Thu 13 May 2021 01:46:09 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37075 Thu 13 May 2021 01:37:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30766 Thu 13 May 2021 01:36:46 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37044 Thu 13 May 2021 01:13:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35505 Thu 13 May 2021 00:55:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36794 Thu 13 May 2021 00:52:12 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36164 Thu 13 May 2021 00:51:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37049 Thu 13 May 2021 00:28:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35351 Thu 13 May 2021 00:00:52 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37114 Mon 22 Aug 2022 15:05:56 SAST ]]>