- Title
- Method development for chemolysis of waste tyres and characterization of the components
- Creator
- Tsipa, Phuti Cedric
- Subject
- Composite materials
- Subject
- Rubber Chemistry, Organic
- Date Issued
- 2018
- Date
- 2018
- Type
- Thesis
- Type
- Masters
- Type
- MSc
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36694
- Identifier
- vital:34044
- Description
- Chemolysis method for degradation and extraction of waste tyres for production of oil was developed. This method consist of three different solvent systems; firstly, the selective solvent system capable of extracting the process oil used in the production of tyres. This solvent system follows a phase transfer catalysis reaction, which is a reaction with a solvent consisting of two phases. Second system is a Destructive solvent system, which is capable of breaking down the polymer chains within the rubber matrix. It follows phase transfer catalysis reaction. Lastly, the collecting/wash solvent system, which is capable of collecting the remaining extracts in the residual crumb. Three products where obtained from this method: Liquid (oil), Gas and Solid (char), with the oil plus char being the focus of this study. Characterizations were carried out to obtain the quality of the oil recovered. Various analytical techniques were used to achieve the aims and objectives of this study, this involved Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, High-resolution Thermogravimetric analysis (Hi-resTM TGA), Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Simulated Distillation D86 (SIMDIST D86). Hydrocarbon compounds and market value acids where identified with reference to standards ran on the GC-MS. Market value acids were quantified to obtain the exact amount present in the extracted oil, the amounts for dodecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid were 0.73%, 5.1%, 0.49% and 9.98% respectively. Approximately 15% of this market value acid are present in the extracted oil. Internal GC-MS library and Retention Index (RI) methods with the help of NIST library were also used for compounds identification. A total of 53 compounds were successfully identified. SIMDIST D86 analysis showed that the petroleum fractions present in the total extracted oil were Heavy naphtha 0.73%, Kerosene 3.23%, Distillate fuel oil 6.27%, Light vacuum gas oil 57.93% and Heavy vacuum gas oil 31.83%. Hi-resTM TGA was used to characterize the char recovered for thermal properties. Chemolysis char showed relatively similar thermal stability compared to commercial N115 carbon black. The chemolysis method of oil extraction from waste tyres reported in this thesis shows promise in terms of both the routine of execution, quantification of market value constituents of the oil and chemical details of both the tyre derived oil and char.
- Format
- x, 96 leaves
- Format
- Publisher
- Nelson Mandela University
- Publisher
- Faculty of Science
- Language
- English
- Rights
- Nelson Mandela University
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NMU School of BioMolecular and Chemical Sciences
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