Detection of pharmaceutical residues in surface waters of the Eastern Cape Province:
- Vumazonke, Sesethu, Khamanga, Sandile M, Ngqwala, Nosiphiwe P
- Authors: Vumazonke, Sesethu , Khamanga, Sandile M , Ngqwala, Nosiphiwe P
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149693 , vital:38875 , https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114067
- Description: Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants in the aquatic environments. Their presence poses toxicological effects in humans and animals even at trace concentrations. This study investigated the presence of antibiotics, anti-epilepsy and anti-inflammatory drugs in river water of selected rivers in the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for screening of sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones antibiotics. The samples were collected in upper-stream, middle-stream and lower-stream regions of the rivers and effluent of selected wastewater treatment plants. Pre-concentration of the samples was conducted using lyophilisation and extraction was conducted using solid phase extraction (SPE) on Waters Oasis hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced cartridge.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Vumazonke, Sesethu , Khamanga, Sandile M , Ngqwala, Nosiphiwe P
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149693 , vital:38875 , https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114067
- Description: Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants in the aquatic environments. Their presence poses toxicological effects in humans and animals even at trace concentrations. This study investigated the presence of antibiotics, anti-epilepsy and anti-inflammatory drugs in river water of selected rivers in the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for screening of sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones antibiotics. The samples were collected in upper-stream, middle-stream and lower-stream regions of the rivers and effluent of selected wastewater treatment plants. Pre-concentration of the samples was conducted using lyophilisation and extraction was conducted using solid phase extraction (SPE) on Waters Oasis hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced cartridge.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Occurrence of selected endocrine disrupting compounds in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa:
- Farounbi, Adebayo I, Ngqwala, Nosiphiwe P
- Authors: Farounbi, Adebayo I , Ngqwala, Nosiphiwe P
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148447 , vital:38740 , DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08082-y
- Description: Endocrine-disrupting compounds are attracting attention worldwide because of their effects on living things in the environment. Ten endocrine disrupting compounds: 4-nonylphenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, estrone, 17β-estradiol, bisphenol A, 4-tertoctylphenol, triclosan, atrazine, imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole were investigated in four rivers and wastewater treatment plants in this study. Rivers were sampled at upstream, midstream and downstream reaches, while the influent and effluent samples of wastewater were collected from treatment plants near the receiving rivers. Sample waters were freeze-dried followed by extraction of the organic content and purification by solid-phase extraction. Concentrations of the compounds in the samples were determined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The instrument was operated in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Farounbi, Adebayo I , Ngqwala, Nosiphiwe P
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148447 , vital:38740 , DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08082-y
- Description: Endocrine-disrupting compounds are attracting attention worldwide because of their effects on living things in the environment. Ten endocrine disrupting compounds: 4-nonylphenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, estrone, 17β-estradiol, bisphenol A, 4-tertoctylphenol, triclosan, atrazine, imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole were investigated in four rivers and wastewater treatment plants in this study. Rivers were sampled at upstream, midstream and downstream reaches, while the influent and effluent samples of wastewater were collected from treatment plants near the receiving rivers. Sample waters were freeze-dried followed by extraction of the organic content and purification by solid-phase extraction. Concentrations of the compounds in the samples were determined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The instrument was operated in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Preliminary study on the potential use of Fly Ash as a Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine Additive:
- Collings, Dylan, Tandlich, Roman, Dube, Cyril S, Madikizela, Phindile, Ngqwala, Nosiphiwe P, Ahmed, Mustaque
- Authors: Collings, Dylan , Tandlich, Roman , Dube, Cyril S , Madikizela, Phindile , Ngqwala, Nosiphiwe P , Ahmed, Mustaque
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/160334 , vital:40436 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.5276/JSWTM/2019.395
- Description: This study describes the results of a series of laboratory experiments on aimed at developing of a protocol for the use of fly ash as a pit additive in the ventilated improved pit latrines (VIPs) in South Africa. Model VIP vaults were prepared in the laboratory and filled with synthetic faecal sludge; and dosed with fly ash in amounts ranging from 5 to 20 % (w/w).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Collings, Dylan , Tandlich, Roman , Dube, Cyril S , Madikizela, Phindile , Ngqwala, Nosiphiwe P , Ahmed, Mustaque
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/160334 , vital:40436 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.5276/JSWTM/2019.395
- Description: This study describes the results of a series of laboratory experiments on aimed at developing of a protocol for the use of fly ash as a pit additive in the ventilated improved pit latrines (VIPs) in South Africa. Model VIP vaults were prepared in the laboratory and filled with synthetic faecal sludge; and dosed with fly ash in amounts ranging from 5 to 20 % (w/w).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
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