A comparative analysis of patient profiles and health services utilization between patent medicine vendors and community pharmacists in Nigeria
- Adepoju, Victor Abiola, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Authors: Adepoju, Victor Abiola , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Date: 2023/09
- Subjects: Tuberculosis , Patent medicine vendors , Drug shops , Community pharmacist , Service utilization , Signs and symptoms
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13169 , vital:78005 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11182484
- Description: Background: This study examined Nigeria’s socio-demographic profiles and health service utilization patterns of Patent Medicine Vendors (PMVs) and Community Pharmacists (CPs). Method: A cross-sectional study using a structured self-administered questionnaire among 405 retail outlets (322 PMVs and 83 CPs) across 16 Lagos and Kebbi Local Government Areas (LGAs) between June 2020 and December 2020. Results: Results showed that 60.4% were male, 76.3% from Lagos, 58.3% had tertiary education, and 74.1% had medical training. Cough and fever were common symptoms. Significant differences were found in the utilization of STD services (PMVs: 9.2%, CPs: 12.3%, p = 0.03)), services by age < 0.001), and utilization by males (PMVs: 50.8, CPs: 47.1, p = 0.013). The study revealed that men visited PMVs more, while CPs used more STI services and childhood visits. Conclusions: The findings suggest that expanding health services among PMVs could target male-dominant diseases, and capacity building of CPs on syndromic STI management could reduce the STI burden.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/09
- Authors: Adepoju, Victor Abiola , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Date: 2023/09
- Subjects: Tuberculosis , Patent medicine vendors , Drug shops , Community pharmacist , Service utilization , Signs and symptoms
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13169 , vital:78005 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11182484
- Description: Background: This study examined Nigeria’s socio-demographic profiles and health service utilization patterns of Patent Medicine Vendors (PMVs) and Community Pharmacists (CPs). Method: A cross-sectional study using a structured self-administered questionnaire among 405 retail outlets (322 PMVs and 83 CPs) across 16 Lagos and Kebbi Local Government Areas (LGAs) between June 2020 and December 2020. Results: Results showed that 60.4% were male, 76.3% from Lagos, 58.3% had tertiary education, and 74.1% had medical training. Cough and fever were common symptoms. Significant differences were found in the utilization of STD services (PMVs: 9.2%, CPs: 12.3%, p = 0.03)), services by age < 0.001), and utilization by males (PMVs: 50.8, CPs: 47.1, p = 0.013). The study revealed that men visited PMVs more, while CPs used more STI services and childhood visits. Conclusions: The findings suggest that expanding health services among PMVs could target male-dominant diseases, and capacity building of CPs on syndromic STI management could reduce the STI burden.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/09
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Cigarette Smoking among South Africa Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol
- Londani, Mukhethwa, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Authors: Londani, Mukhethwa , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Date: 2023/09
- Subjects: South Africa , adoloscents , young adults , tobacco use , systematic review , meta-analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13301 , vital:78421 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/mps6050085
- Description: Tobacco use, particularly the initiation of smoking during adolescence and young adult hood, represents a significant public health concern in South Africa. The influence of socio-cultural factors, marketing strategies of the tobacco industry, and accessibility of tobacco products have all been implicated in this context. This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol aims to scrutinise the body of literature on this issue, providing a comprehensive understanding of the patterns and determinants of tobacco use among South African adolescents and young adults, with an eye towards informing more effective policy interventions. The available literature for studies on tobacco use will be systematically searched and reviewed. Five international scholarly databases, namely PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, and Scopus, will be searched. Peer-reviewed studies will be included if they are conducted in South Africa or South African provinces and if they include the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents and young adults aged between 12 and 24 years. The results of such an analysis can guide future policy designs, enabling them to be more targeted and thus more effective. The findings can also have implications for shaping global tobacco control strate gies, given the transferability of successful interventions across different populations and cultural contexts. This protocol has been registered in the PROSPERO database.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/09
- Authors: Londani, Mukhethwa , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Date: 2023/09
- Subjects: South Africa , adoloscents , young adults , tobacco use , systematic review , meta-analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13301 , vital:78421 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/mps6050085
- Description: Tobacco use, particularly the initiation of smoking during adolescence and young adult hood, represents a significant public health concern in South Africa. The influence of socio-cultural factors, marketing strategies of the tobacco industry, and accessibility of tobacco products have all been implicated in this context. This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol aims to scrutinise the body of literature on this issue, providing a comprehensive understanding of the patterns and determinants of tobacco use among South African adolescents and young adults, with an eye towards informing more effective policy interventions. The available literature for studies on tobacco use will be systematically searched and reviewed. Five international scholarly databases, namely PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, and Scopus, will be searched. Peer-reviewed studies will be included if they are conducted in South Africa or South African provinces and if they include the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents and young adults aged between 12 and 24 years. The results of such an analysis can guide future policy designs, enabling them to be more targeted and thus more effective. The findings can also have implications for shaping global tobacco control strate gies, given the transferability of successful interventions across different populations and cultural contexts. This protocol has been registered in the PROSPERO database.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/09
Health-Seeking Behavior Regarding Coughs in Urban Slums in Lagos, Nigeria
- Adepoju, Victor Abiola, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Sokoya, Olusola Daniel
- Authors: Adepoju, Victor Abiola , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju , Sokoya, Olusola Daniel
- Date: 2023/06
- Subjects: tuberculosis , health-seeking , urban , patent proprietary medicine vendor , World TB day , Nigeria , active case finding , outreaches
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13290 , vital:78420 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines10070038
- Description: Background: TB is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with slum residents being disproportionately affected. This study aimed to assess health-seeking behavior among adult residents of slum communities presenting with coughs in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted across six urban slums in Nigeria as part of community outreaches to mark World TB Day. A structured, pretested questionnaire was used to capture relevant sociodemographic details and questions regarding symptoms of coughs and related symptoms as well as care-seeking behavior. Data were explored, analyzed, and presented using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 632 respondents participated in this study...
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/06
- Authors: Adepoju, Victor Abiola , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju , Sokoya, Olusola Daniel
- Date: 2023/06
- Subjects: tuberculosis , health-seeking , urban , patent proprietary medicine vendor , World TB day , Nigeria , active case finding , outreaches
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13290 , vital:78420 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines10070038
- Description: Background: TB is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with slum residents being disproportionately affected. This study aimed to assess health-seeking behavior among adult residents of slum communities presenting with coughs in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted across six urban slums in Nigeria as part of community outreaches to mark World TB Day. A structured, pretested questionnaire was used to capture relevant sociodemographic details and questions regarding symptoms of coughs and related symptoms as well as care-seeking behavior. Data were explored, analyzed, and presented using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 632 respondents participated in this study...
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/06
Health facility delivery and early initiation of breastfeeding: Cross-sectional survey of 11 sub-Saharan African countries
- Ameyaw, Edward K, Adde, Kenneth S, Paintsil, Jones A, Dickson, Kwamena S, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Yaya, Sanni
- Authors: Ameyaw, Edward K , Adde, Kenneth S , Paintsil, Jones A , Dickson, Kwamena S , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju , Yaya, Sanni
- Date: 2023/05
- Subjects: Early initiation of breastfeeding , Newborn , Neonatal health , Global health , sub-Saharan Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13253 , vital:78414 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.1263
- Description: Background and Aims: Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIB) remains one of the promising interventions for preventing neonatal and child deaths. EIB is positively associated with healthcare delivery or childbirth. Meanwhile, no study in sub‐ Saharan Africa (SSA) appears to have investigated the relationship between health facility delivery and EIB; thus, we assessed the correlation between health facility delivery and EIB. Methods: We used data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of 64,506 women from 11 SSA countries. The outcome variable was whether the respondent had early breastfeeding or not. Two logistic regression models were used in the inferential analysis. With a 95% confidence interval (CI), the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for each variable were calculated. The data set was stored, managed, and analyzed using Stata version 13. Results: The overall percentage of women who initiated early breastfeeding was 59.22%. Rwanda recorded the highest percentage of early initiation of breastfeeding (86.34%), while Gambia recorded the lowest (39.44%). The adjusted model revealed a significant association between health facility delivery and EIB (aOR = 1.80, CI = 1.73–1.87). Compared with urban women, rural women had higher likelihood of initiating early breastfeeding (aOR = 1.22, CI = 1.16–1.27). Women with a primary education (aOR = 1.26, CI = 1.20–1.32), secondary education (aOR = 1.12, CI = 1.06–1.17), and higher (aOR = 1.13, CI = 1.02–1.25), all had higher odds of initiating early breastfeeding. Women with the richest wealth status had the highest odds of initiating early breastfeeding as compared to the poorest women (aOR = 1.33, CI = 1.23–1.43). Conclusion: Based on our findings, we strongly advocate for the integration of EIB policies and initiatives with healthcare delivery advocacy. Integration of these efforts can result in drastic reduction in infant and child mortality. Essentially, Gambia and other countries with a lower proclivity for EIB must reconsider their current breastfeeding interventions and conduct the necessary reviews and modifications that can lead to an increase in EIB.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/05
- Authors: Ameyaw, Edward K , Adde, Kenneth S , Paintsil, Jones A , Dickson, Kwamena S , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju , Yaya, Sanni
- Date: 2023/05
- Subjects: Early initiation of breastfeeding , Newborn , Neonatal health , Global health , sub-Saharan Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13253 , vital:78414 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.1263
- Description: Background and Aims: Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIB) remains one of the promising interventions for preventing neonatal and child deaths. EIB is positively associated with healthcare delivery or childbirth. Meanwhile, no study in sub‐ Saharan Africa (SSA) appears to have investigated the relationship between health facility delivery and EIB; thus, we assessed the correlation between health facility delivery and EIB. Methods: We used data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of 64,506 women from 11 SSA countries. The outcome variable was whether the respondent had early breastfeeding or not. Two logistic regression models were used in the inferential analysis. With a 95% confidence interval (CI), the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for each variable were calculated. The data set was stored, managed, and analyzed using Stata version 13. Results: The overall percentage of women who initiated early breastfeeding was 59.22%. Rwanda recorded the highest percentage of early initiation of breastfeeding (86.34%), while Gambia recorded the lowest (39.44%). The adjusted model revealed a significant association between health facility delivery and EIB (aOR = 1.80, CI = 1.73–1.87). Compared with urban women, rural women had higher likelihood of initiating early breastfeeding (aOR = 1.22, CI = 1.16–1.27). Women with a primary education (aOR = 1.26, CI = 1.20–1.32), secondary education (aOR = 1.12, CI = 1.06–1.17), and higher (aOR = 1.13, CI = 1.02–1.25), all had higher odds of initiating early breastfeeding. Women with the richest wealth status had the highest odds of initiating early breastfeeding as compared to the poorest women (aOR = 1.33, CI = 1.23–1.43). Conclusion: Based on our findings, we strongly advocate for the integration of EIB policies and initiatives with healthcare delivery advocacy. Integration of these efforts can result in drastic reduction in infant and child mortality. Essentially, Gambia and other countries with a lower proclivity for EIB must reconsider their current breastfeeding interventions and conduct the necessary reviews and modifications that can lead to an increase in EIB.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/05
Prevalence and factors associated with HIV treatment non-adherence among people living with HIV in three regions of Cameroon: A cross-sectional study
- Buh, Amos, Deonandan, Raywat, Gomes, James, Krentel, Alison, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Yaya, Sanni
- Authors: Buh, Amos , Deonandan, Raywat , Gomes, James , Krentel, Alison , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju , Yaya, Sanni
- Date: 2023/04
- Subjects: hiv treatment , non-adherence , young people
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13281 , vital:78419 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283991
- Description: Background: In Cameroon, HIV care decentralization is enforced as a national policy, but follow-up of people living with HIV (PLWH) is provider-driven, with little patient education and limited patient participation in clinical surveillance. These types of services can result in low antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of ART non-adherence among PLWH in Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of PLWH in HIV treatment centres in Cameroon was conducted. Only PLWH, receiving treatment in a treatment centre within the country, who had been on treatment for at least six months and who were at least 21 years old were included in the study. Individuals were interviewed about their demographics and ART experiences. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using STATA version 14...
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/04
- Authors: Buh, Amos , Deonandan, Raywat , Gomes, James , Krentel, Alison , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju , Yaya, Sanni
- Date: 2023/04
- Subjects: hiv treatment , non-adherence , young people
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13281 , vital:78419 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283991
- Description: Background: In Cameroon, HIV care decentralization is enforced as a national policy, but follow-up of people living with HIV (PLWH) is provider-driven, with little patient education and limited patient participation in clinical surveillance. These types of services can result in low antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of ART non-adherence among PLWH in Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of PLWH in HIV treatment centres in Cameroon was conducted. Only PLWH, receiving treatment in a treatment centre within the country, who had been on treatment for at least six months and who were at least 21 years old were included in the study. Individuals were interviewed about their demographics and ART experiences. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using STATA version 14...
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/04
Correlation of socio-economic factors, diet and ownership of consumer electronics with body mass index in women of childbearing age: Insights from the 2016 South African demographic health survey
- Banda, Lucas, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Authors: Banda, Lucas , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Date: 2023/03
- Subjects: Body weight categories , BMI , Prevalence , Socio-economic , Diet , Women of child-bearing age , Consumer electronics , Overweight , Pre-obesity , Obesity , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13190 , vital:78089 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/women3010013
- Description: The available evidence indicates a correlation between owning consumer electronics, such as cellphones and televisions, and a higher risk of obesity and increased adiposity. However, such studies are sparse in South Africa. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine the dietary and sociodemographic factors associated with various BMI categories, including the possession of consumer electronics, among women of reproductive age in South Africa. This is a secondary study of a population registry that includes dietary, BMI, and digital use items among women of reproductive age. The data is from the South Africa Demographic Health Survey (SADHS, 2016). Of the 3363 participants included in the analysis, women of normal weight were (35.5%), pre-obese (34.5%), obese (27.1%) and underweight (2.9%).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/03
- Authors: Banda, Lucas , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Date: 2023/03
- Subjects: Body weight categories , BMI , Prevalence , Socio-economic , Diet , Women of child-bearing age , Consumer electronics , Overweight , Pre-obesity , Obesity , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13190 , vital:78089 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/women3010013
- Description: The available evidence indicates a correlation between owning consumer electronics, such as cellphones and televisions, and a higher risk of obesity and increased adiposity. However, such studies are sparse in South Africa. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine the dietary and sociodemographic factors associated with various BMI categories, including the possession of consumer electronics, among women of reproductive age in South Africa. This is a secondary study of a population registry that includes dietary, BMI, and digital use items among women of reproductive age. The data is from the South Africa Demographic Health Survey (SADHS, 2016). Of the 3363 participants included in the analysis, women of normal weight were (35.5%), pre-obese (34.5%), obese (27.1%) and underweight (2.9%).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/03
Gender and Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Nigeria
- Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Atiba, Bamidele Atiba, Anyian, Felix Emeka, Odugbemi, Babatunde A, Afolaranmi, Tolulope, Zoakah, Ayuba Ibrahim, Horsburgh, Robert C
- Authors: Oladimeji, Olanrewaju , Atiba, Bamidele Atiba , Anyian, Felix Emeka , Odugbemi, Babatunde A , Afolaranmi, Tolulope , Zoakah, Ayuba Ibrahim , Horsburgh, Robert C
- Date: 2023/02
- Subjects: drug-resistant TB , gender , treatement zone , human immunodeficiency virus
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13321 , vital:78424 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020104
- Description: We conducted a retrospective study of 2555 DR-TB patients admitted to treatment between 2010 and 2016 in six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. We characterized the gender distribution of DR-TB cases and the association between demographics and clinical data, such as age, treatment category, number of previous TB treatment cycles, and geopolitical zone, with gender. The independent effects of being a male or female DR-TB patient were determined using bivariate and multivariate analyzes with statistical significance of p 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. Records from a total of 2555 DR-TB patients were examined for the study. A majority were male (66.9%), largest age-group was 30–39 years old (35.8%), most had MDR-TB (61.4%), were HIV-negative (76.6%), and previously treated for TB (77.1%). The southwest treatment zone had the highest proportion of DR-TB patients (36.9%), and most DR-TB diagnoses occurred in 2016 (36.9%). On bivariate analysis, age, HIV status, treatment zone, and clinical patient group in DR-TB were significantly associated with male gender. On multivariate analysis, males aged 20–29 years (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.33–0.59, p = 0.001) and HIV-positive males (AOR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.33–0.59, p = 0.001) had lower likelihood of MDR-TB as males in the south–south treatment zone (AOR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.23–2.85, p = 0.03), and being male and aged ≥60 years (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.05–4.54, p = 0.036) increased the probability of DR-TB. The older male population from south–southern Nigeria and women of childbearing age had lower incidence of DR-TB than men of the same age. Tailored interventions to reduce HIV and DR-TB prevalence in the general population, particularly among women of childbearing potential, and treatment support for young and older men are relevant strategies to reduce DR-TB in Nigeria.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/02
- Authors: Oladimeji, Olanrewaju , Atiba, Bamidele Atiba , Anyian, Felix Emeka , Odugbemi, Babatunde A , Afolaranmi, Tolulope , Zoakah, Ayuba Ibrahim , Horsburgh, Robert C
- Date: 2023/02
- Subjects: drug-resistant TB , gender , treatement zone , human immunodeficiency virus
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13321 , vital:78424 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020104
- Description: We conducted a retrospective study of 2555 DR-TB patients admitted to treatment between 2010 and 2016 in six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. We characterized the gender distribution of DR-TB cases and the association between demographics and clinical data, such as age, treatment category, number of previous TB treatment cycles, and geopolitical zone, with gender. The independent effects of being a male or female DR-TB patient were determined using bivariate and multivariate analyzes with statistical significance of p 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. Records from a total of 2555 DR-TB patients were examined for the study. A majority were male (66.9%), largest age-group was 30–39 years old (35.8%), most had MDR-TB (61.4%), were HIV-negative (76.6%), and previously treated for TB (77.1%). The southwest treatment zone had the highest proportion of DR-TB patients (36.9%), and most DR-TB diagnoses occurred in 2016 (36.9%). On bivariate analysis, age, HIV status, treatment zone, and clinical patient group in DR-TB were significantly associated with male gender. On multivariate analysis, males aged 20–29 years (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.33–0.59, p = 0.001) and HIV-positive males (AOR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.33–0.59, p = 0.001) had lower likelihood of MDR-TB as males in the south–south treatment zone (AOR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.23–2.85, p = 0.03), and being male and aged ≥60 years (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.05–4.54, p = 0.036) increased the probability of DR-TB. The older male population from south–southern Nigeria and women of childbearing age had lower incidence of DR-TB than men of the same age. Tailored interventions to reduce HIV and DR-TB prevalence in the general population, particularly among women of childbearing potential, and treatment support for young and older men are relevant strategies to reduce DR-TB in Nigeria.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/02
Stocking Practices of Anti-Tuberculosis Medications among Community Pharmacists and Patent Proprietary Medicine Vendors in Two States in Nigeria
- Adepoju, Abiola Victor, Ademola, Adelekan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Authors: Adepoju, Abiola Victor , Ademola, Adelekan , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Date: 2023/02
- Subjects: Tuberculosis , Patent medicine vendors , Community pharmacists , Anti-TB medication , Stocking , Dispensing , Fixed-dose combination
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13378 , vital:78665 , DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040584
- Description: Background: Evidence has shown that non-fixed-dose combination (non-FDC) anti-TB drugs could promote the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). We aimed to determine anti-TB medication stocking and dispensing practices among patent medicine vendors (PMVs) and community pharmacists (CPs) and their determinants. Method: This was a cross-sectional study using a structured, self-administered questionnaire among 405 retail outlets (322 PMVs and 83 CPs) across 16 Lagos and Kebbi local government areas (LGAs) between June 2020 and December 2020. Data were analyzed with Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 17 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to assess the determinants of anti-TB medication stocking practices at a p-value of 0.05 or less for statistical significance. Results: Overall, 91%, 71%, 49%, 43% and 35% of the respondents reported stocking loose rifampicin, streptomycin, pyrazinamide, isoniazid and ethambutol tablets, respectively...
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/02
- Authors: Adepoju, Abiola Victor , Ademola, Adelekan , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Date: 2023/02
- Subjects: Tuberculosis , Patent medicine vendors , Community pharmacists , Anti-TB medication , Stocking , Dispensing , Fixed-dose combination
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13378 , vital:78665 , DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040584
- Description: Background: Evidence has shown that non-fixed-dose combination (non-FDC) anti-TB drugs could promote the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). We aimed to determine anti-TB medication stocking and dispensing practices among patent medicine vendors (PMVs) and community pharmacists (CPs) and their determinants. Method: This was a cross-sectional study using a structured, self-administered questionnaire among 405 retail outlets (322 PMVs and 83 CPs) across 16 Lagos and Kebbi local government areas (LGAs) between June 2020 and December 2020. Data were analyzed with Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 17 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to assess the determinants of anti-TB medication stocking practices at a p-value of 0.05 or less for statistical significance. Results: Overall, 91%, 71%, 49%, 43% and 35% of the respondents reported stocking loose rifampicin, streptomycin, pyrazinamide, isoniazid and ethambutol tablets, respectively...
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/02
Socioeconomic and geographic variations in antenatal care coverage in Angola: further analysis of the 2015 demographic and health survey
- Shibre, Gebretsadik, Zegeye, Betregiorgis, Idriss-Wheeler, Dina, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Yaya, Sanni
- Authors: Shibre, Gebretsadik , Zegeye, Betregiorgis , Idriss-Wheeler, Dina , Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju , Yaya, Sanni
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: Prenatal care , Mothers -- Mortality , Health surveys
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4489 , vital:44125 , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09320-1
- Description: In African countries, including Angola, antenatal care (ANC) coverage is suboptimal and maternal mortality is still high due to pregnancy and childbirth-related complications. There is evidence of disparities in the uptake of ANC services, however, little is known about both the socio-economic and geographic-based disparity in the use of ANC services in Angola. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of socio-economic, urban-rural and subnational inequality in ANC coverage in Angola. We analyzed data from the 2015 Angola Demographic and Health Survey (ADHS) using the World Health Organization (WHO) Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) software. The analysis consisted of disaggregated ANC coverage rates using four equity stratifiers (economic status, education, residence, and region) and four summary measures (Difference, Population Attributable Risk, Ratio and Population Attributable Fraction). To measure statistical significance, an uncertainty interval (UI) of 95% was constructed around point estimates. The study showed both absolute and relative inequalities in coverage of ANC services in Angola. More specifically, inequality favored women who were rich (D = 54.2, 95% UI; 49.59, 58.70, PAF = 43.5, 95% UI; 40.12, 46.92), educated (PAR = 19.9, 95% UI; 18.14, 21.64, R = 2.14, 95% UI; 1.96, 2.32), living in regions such as Luanda (D = 51.7, 95% UI; 43.56, 59.85, R = 2.64, 95% UI; 2.01, 3.26) and residing in urban dwellings (PAF = 20, 95% UI; 17.70, 22.38, PAR = 12.3, 95% UI; 10.88, 13.75). The uptake of ANC services were lower among poor, uneducated, and rural residents as well as women from the Cuanza Sul region. Government policy makers must consider vulnerable subpopulations when designing needed interventions to improve ANC coverage in Angola to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal of reducing global maternal mortality ratio to 70 deaths per 100,000 live births.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
- Authors: Shibre, Gebretsadik , Zegeye, Betregiorgis , Idriss-Wheeler, Dina , Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju , Yaya, Sanni
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: Prenatal care , Mothers -- Mortality , Health surveys
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4489 , vital:44125 , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09320-1
- Description: In African countries, including Angola, antenatal care (ANC) coverage is suboptimal and maternal mortality is still high due to pregnancy and childbirth-related complications. There is evidence of disparities in the uptake of ANC services, however, little is known about both the socio-economic and geographic-based disparity in the use of ANC services in Angola. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of socio-economic, urban-rural and subnational inequality in ANC coverage in Angola. We analyzed data from the 2015 Angola Demographic and Health Survey (ADHS) using the World Health Organization (WHO) Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) software. The analysis consisted of disaggregated ANC coverage rates using four equity stratifiers (economic status, education, residence, and region) and four summary measures (Difference, Population Attributable Risk, Ratio and Population Attributable Fraction). To measure statistical significance, an uncertainty interval (UI) of 95% was constructed around point estimates. The study showed both absolute and relative inequalities in coverage of ANC services in Angola. More specifically, inequality favored women who were rich (D = 54.2, 95% UI; 49.59, 58.70, PAF = 43.5, 95% UI; 40.12, 46.92), educated (PAR = 19.9, 95% UI; 18.14, 21.64, R = 2.14, 95% UI; 1.96, 2.32), living in regions such as Luanda (D = 51.7, 95% UI; 43.56, 59.85, R = 2.64, 95% UI; 2.01, 3.26) and residing in urban dwellings (PAF = 20, 95% UI; 17.70, 22.38, PAR = 12.3, 95% UI; 10.88, 13.75). The uptake of ANC services were lower among poor, uneducated, and rural residents as well as women from the Cuanza Sul region. Government policy makers must consider vulnerable subpopulations when designing needed interventions to improve ANC coverage in Angola to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal of reducing global maternal mortality ratio to 70 deaths per 100,000 live births.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
A Cross-Sectional Study of Coronavirus Disease Prevention Practices among University Staff and Students in Durban, South Africa in 2020–2021
- Sibiya, Maureen Nokuthula, Oladimeji, Kelech Elizabeth, Anyiam, Felix Emeka, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Authors: Sibiya, Maureen Nokuthula , Oladimeji, Kelech Elizabeth , Anyiam, Felix Emeka , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Date: 2023/01
- Subjects: Covid-19 prevention , Practices , University staff and students , Durban University of South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13228 , vital:78107 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15010009
- Description: Background: Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on individuals, education, and the economy. During its peak, the pandemic forced school closures. Although there is currently no cure for corona virus, non-pharmaceutical measures can help prevent its spread. Among these preventive measures are regular handwashing with soap and water or the use of hand sanitizers, avoiding touching the mouth, nose, and eyes, social distancing, and the use of face masks. As a result, this study investigated COVID-19 prevention practices among Durban University of Technology staff and students in South Africa. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, data were gathered online via self-administered, structured questionnaires from 5849 university students and staff members between May 2020 and March 2021. Utilizing descriptive statistics, the characteristics of the study sample were reported. Using logistic regression models, the relationship between demographic characteristics and the overall level of COVID-19 preventive practices was evaluated. Results: The multivariate logistic regression model showed statistically significantly associations for COVID-19 preventive practices by: male (AOR: 9.815, 95% CI: 1.721–55.959, p = 0.01) compared to female participants, single participants (AOR: 6.012, 95% CI: 2.070–17.461, p = 0.001) compared to other marital categories, and those in the faculty of Health Sciences (AOR: 1.721, 95% CI: 1.023–2.894, p = 0.041) compared to other faculties. Conclusions: Overall, the study’s preventive practices were commendable; they were also influenced by socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, marital status, and university faculty. Increasing age was associated with reduced compliance with COVID-19 preventive practices. In addition, men demonstrated greater caution than women.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/01
- Authors: Sibiya, Maureen Nokuthula , Oladimeji, Kelech Elizabeth , Anyiam, Felix Emeka , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Date: 2023/01
- Subjects: Covid-19 prevention , Practices , University staff and students , Durban University of South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13228 , vital:78107 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15010009
- Description: Background: Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on individuals, education, and the economy. During its peak, the pandemic forced school closures. Although there is currently no cure for corona virus, non-pharmaceutical measures can help prevent its spread. Among these preventive measures are regular handwashing with soap and water or the use of hand sanitizers, avoiding touching the mouth, nose, and eyes, social distancing, and the use of face masks. As a result, this study investigated COVID-19 prevention practices among Durban University of Technology staff and students in South Africa. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, data were gathered online via self-administered, structured questionnaires from 5849 university students and staff members between May 2020 and March 2021. Utilizing descriptive statistics, the characteristics of the study sample were reported. Using logistic regression models, the relationship between demographic characteristics and the overall level of COVID-19 preventive practices was evaluated. Results: The multivariate logistic regression model showed statistically significantly associations for COVID-19 preventive practices by: male (AOR: 9.815, 95% CI: 1.721–55.959, p = 0.01) compared to female participants, single participants (AOR: 6.012, 95% CI: 2.070–17.461, p = 0.001) compared to other marital categories, and those in the faculty of Health Sciences (AOR: 1.721, 95% CI: 1.023–2.894, p = 0.041) compared to other faculties. Conclusions: Overall, the study’s preventive practices were commendable; they were also influenced by socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, marital status, and university faculty. Increasing age was associated with reduced compliance with COVID-19 preventive practices. In addition, men demonstrated greater caution than women.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/01
A Cross-Sectional Study of Professional Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Organ Donation in Critical Care Units of Public and Private Hospitals in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Green, Bukelwa, Mtise, Tobeka, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Authors: Green, Bukelwa , Mtise, Tobeka , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Date: 2023/01
- Subjects: Organ donation , Transplantation , Knowledge , Attitudes , Practice , Professional nurses , Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13242 , vital:78114 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep13010024
- Description: Background: Globally, there is an overwhelming increase in the number of patients waiting for donated organs for transplantation, with a gross shortage of available organs. Lack of clear practice guidelines and the knowledge and attitudes of health care providers were hypothesized as possible reasons. We aimed to determine the attitudes, level of knowledge, and practices of professional nurses working in critical care units in public and private hospitals in Eastern Cape Province regarding organ donation. Method: The study used a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive design to investigate the current knowledge, attitude, and practice of organ donation in critical care among 108 professional nurses working in public and private critical care units in Eastern cape. Data were collected between 26 February 2017 until 27 June 2017 using anonymous, self-administered, pretested questionnaires. The means of knowledge, and practice scores were estimated among participants, and their associated categorical explanatory variables were ascertained. Results: A total of 108 nurses participated in the study. Of these, 94 (87.0%) were female, 78 (72.2%) were black, 104 (96.3%) were Christians, 79 (73.2%) worked in an ICU, 79 (73.2%) had a diploma qualification, and 67 (62.0%) worked in a tertiary hospital. About 67% of the respondents had good knowledge, 53% had a positive attitude, and 50.4% had poor practice readiness toward organ donation...
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/01
- Authors: Green, Bukelwa , Mtise, Tobeka , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Date: 2023/01
- Subjects: Organ donation , Transplantation , Knowledge , Attitudes , Practice , Professional nurses , Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13242 , vital:78114 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep13010024
- Description: Background: Globally, there is an overwhelming increase in the number of patients waiting for donated organs for transplantation, with a gross shortage of available organs. Lack of clear practice guidelines and the knowledge and attitudes of health care providers were hypothesized as possible reasons. We aimed to determine the attitudes, level of knowledge, and practices of professional nurses working in critical care units in public and private hospitals in Eastern Cape Province regarding organ donation. Method: The study used a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive design to investigate the current knowledge, attitude, and practice of organ donation in critical care among 108 professional nurses working in public and private critical care units in Eastern cape. Data were collected between 26 February 2017 until 27 June 2017 using anonymous, self-administered, pretested questionnaires. The means of knowledge, and practice scores were estimated among participants, and their associated categorical explanatory variables were ascertained. Results: A total of 108 nurses participated in the study. Of these, 94 (87.0%) were female, 78 (72.2%) were black, 104 (96.3%) were Christians, 79 (73.2%) worked in an ICU, 79 (73.2%) had a diploma qualification, and 67 (62.0%) worked in a tertiary hospital. About 67% of the respondents had good knowledge, 53% had a positive attitude, and 50.4% had poor practice readiness toward organ donation...
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/01
Prevalence and Causes of Elective Surgical Cancellations: Findings from a Rural Tertiary Hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Sukwana, Abongile, Mrara, Busisiwe, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Authors: Sukwana, Abongile , Mrara, Busisiwe , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Date: 2023/01
- Subjects: prevalence , cancellation , elective surgical procedure , rural tertiary hospital
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13271 , vital:78418 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020270
- Description: Background: Cancellations of elective surgeries adversely affect the patient, hospital staff, facility, and health system. Cancellations potentially result in hospital financial losses, theatre inefficiency, and substandard patient care. A common benchmark for the cancellation rate of elective surgeries is less than five percent, and most operating rooms fall short of this standard. There is a paucity of data on the rates and causes of elective surgical cancellations in rural, resource-limited settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of elective surgery cancellations, the causes for such cancellations, and the surgical disciplines most affected at Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital (NMAH). Methodology: This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional review of operating theatre records from January 2019 to July 2019. The prevalence and main causes of elective case cancellations were determined. The causes were classified, and the most affected surgical departments and patient characteristics were identified. Results: The prevalence of elective surgical case cancellations was 14.4% in our hospital, higher than the international benchmark of 5%. Patient-, facility-, and surgical-related factors were the leading causes of cancellations, and avoidable cancellations were mostly surgical- and anaesthetic-related. Ophthalmology was the most affected, followed by gynaecology and general surgery, with plastic surgery being the least affected. The most common patient-related factors were nonattendance and uncontrolled medical conditions, while overbooking was the most common surgical reason. Abnormal investigatory results and unfit status were the most common anaesthetic reasons. Facility-related issues included the lack of theatre time, equipment scarcity or malfunction, and staff unavailability. Most cancellations were unavoidable, but with careful planning, could be avoided. Conclusion and recommendations: This study identified challenges with theatre efficiency in a rural, resource-limited setting that call for the cooperation of multidisciplinary teams of surgeons, anaesthetists, nursing staff, and health care policymakers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/01
- Authors: Sukwana, Abongile , Mrara, Busisiwe , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Date: 2023/01
- Subjects: prevalence , cancellation , elective surgical procedure , rural tertiary hospital
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13271 , vital:78418 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020270
- Description: Background: Cancellations of elective surgeries adversely affect the patient, hospital staff, facility, and health system. Cancellations potentially result in hospital financial losses, theatre inefficiency, and substandard patient care. A common benchmark for the cancellation rate of elective surgeries is less than five percent, and most operating rooms fall short of this standard. There is a paucity of data on the rates and causes of elective surgical cancellations in rural, resource-limited settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of elective surgery cancellations, the causes for such cancellations, and the surgical disciplines most affected at Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital (NMAH). Methodology: This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional review of operating theatre records from January 2019 to July 2019. The prevalence and main causes of elective case cancellations were determined. The causes were classified, and the most affected surgical departments and patient characteristics were identified. Results: The prevalence of elective surgical case cancellations was 14.4% in our hospital, higher than the international benchmark of 5%. Patient-, facility-, and surgical-related factors were the leading causes of cancellations, and avoidable cancellations were mostly surgical- and anaesthetic-related. Ophthalmology was the most affected, followed by gynaecology and general surgery, with plastic surgery being the least affected. The most common patient-related factors were nonattendance and uncontrolled medical conditions, while overbooking was the most common surgical reason. Abnormal investigatory results and unfit status were the most common anaesthetic reasons. Facility-related issues included the lack of theatre time, equipment scarcity or malfunction, and staff unavailability. Most cancellations were unavoidable, but with careful planning, could be avoided. Conclusion and recommendations: This study identified challenges with theatre efficiency in a rural, resource-limited setting that call for the cooperation of multidisciplinary teams of surgeons, anaesthetists, nursing staff, and health care policymakers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/01
Barriers to the provision of smoking cessation/services: A mixed-methods study among health care workers in Zambezi region, Namibia
- Mahoto, Slyvia K, Mitonga, Honore K, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Authors: Mahoto, Slyvia K , Mitonga, Honore K , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Date: 2022/4
- Subjects: Barriers , Zambezi region , Health care workers , Smoking cessation strategies , Cigarette smoking
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13210 , vital:78091 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2023.1992
- Description: Background. Healthcare workers (HCWs) can play a signifi cant role in tobacco prevention by delivering smoking cessation (SC) interventions to patients who smoke. Objective: To identify and explore the perceived barriers which prevent healthcare workers from delivering SC counselling to patients in Zambezi region, Namibia. Methods: A regional-based, concurrent mixed-methods study was conducted between March and October 2020 among HCWs of the 8 constituencies of Zambezi region, Namibia. In the study, 129 respondents, who had been residents of the selected constituencies for over 5 years and aged between 17 to 60 years, participated. Results: 129 respondents participated in the study. Majority of respondents were females (62.9% and 68.1%) compared to (37.1% and 31.9%) males. The mean age of respondents was 35.91 (SD=9.3) and 36.61 (SD=8.7) respectively and their ages ranged between 18 and 59 years. Key barriers were identified: (i) HCWs based barriers included lack of time to provide SC, inadequate training and insufficient knowledge on SC interventions; (ii) sys tem-based barriers identified lack of SC guidelines and educational materials for patients, and specialists to refer patients; and (iii) patient/client-based barriers included lack of patient interest in SC information, patients not adhering to advise given on SC. Conclusions: This study showed that SC delivery in Zambezi region is inadequate. Barriers were identified regarding the deliv ery of SC intervention for the first time. Targeted SC interventions are required to combat these identified specific barriers. There is a crucial need to improve HCWs skills and knowledge in providing SC intervention
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022/4
- Authors: Mahoto, Slyvia K , Mitonga, Honore K , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Date: 2022/4
- Subjects: Barriers , Zambezi region , Health care workers , Smoking cessation strategies , Cigarette smoking
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13210 , vital:78091 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2023.1992
- Description: Background. Healthcare workers (HCWs) can play a signifi cant role in tobacco prevention by delivering smoking cessation (SC) interventions to patients who smoke. Objective: To identify and explore the perceived barriers which prevent healthcare workers from delivering SC counselling to patients in Zambezi region, Namibia. Methods: A regional-based, concurrent mixed-methods study was conducted between March and October 2020 among HCWs of the 8 constituencies of Zambezi region, Namibia. In the study, 129 respondents, who had been residents of the selected constituencies for over 5 years and aged between 17 to 60 years, participated. Results: 129 respondents participated in the study. Majority of respondents were females (62.9% and 68.1%) compared to (37.1% and 31.9%) males. The mean age of respondents was 35.91 (SD=9.3) and 36.61 (SD=8.7) respectively and their ages ranged between 18 and 59 years. Key barriers were identified: (i) HCWs based barriers included lack of time to provide SC, inadequate training and insufficient knowledge on SC interventions; (ii) sys tem-based barriers identified lack of SC guidelines and educational materials for patients, and specialists to refer patients; and (iii) patient/client-based barriers included lack of patient interest in SC information, patients not adhering to advise given on SC. Conclusions: This study showed that SC delivery in Zambezi region is inadequate. Barriers were identified regarding the deliv ery of SC intervention for the first time. Targeted SC interventions are required to combat these identified specific barriers. There is a crucial need to improve HCWs skills and knowledge in providing SC intervention
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022/4
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