Challenges and opportunities of coastal and marine tourism in Swartkops river Estuary
- Authors: Nokela,Thembela
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Marine -- South Africa -- Swartkops River Estuary , Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality—Tourism , Estuarine pollution
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61316 , vital:70083
- Description: This study's goal was to pinpoint the challenges and untapped opportunities associated with Coastal and Marine Tourism (CMT) in the Swartkops River Estuary (SRE). CMT has become the biggest segment of the travel industry. Moreover, this form of alternative tourism is the most significant and fastest developing economic activity in the ocean. The objectives of this study were to identify the challenges that hinder the development of CMT in SRE, to determine opportunities for CMT in SRE, to evaluate NMBM’s efforts in creating and sustaining CMT in SRE and to evaluate the status of CMT in SRE in terms of CMT related development. This study fit within the interprevist paradigm and made use of a qualitative research approach and design as well as inductive reasoning. The qualitative research design consisted of data being collected through document and content analysis. Data was analysed using data analysis process of Miles and Herman (1994) as well as the coding and developing of specific themes that emerged from the data. The data in this phase was presented both in narrative format and tables. The document analysis used in this study was established based on the objectives of this study. The findings of this study revealed that key challenges that hinder the growth of CMT in Swartkops River Estuary are environmental impacts that include pollution, over enrichment, inappropriate development, overfishing, destruction of mudflats, limited freshwater inflow, destruction of vegetation and climate change. The findings also revealed that there are opportunities for CMT in SRE such as promoting SRE as a popular ecotourism destination by developing ecotourism nodes. These include environmental education at the Aloes Nature Reserve's and the Swartkops Estuary south-east section, sustainable ecolodges and conference centres. The study recommends that the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality should organize educational programmes to educate local people about the significance of conserving and safeguarding the environment for future generations. These findings also posed certain challenges linked to those identified in the analysis. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development & Tourism, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Nokela,Thembela
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Marine -- South Africa -- Swartkops River Estuary , Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality—Tourism , Estuarine pollution
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61316 , vital:70083
- Description: This study's goal was to pinpoint the challenges and untapped opportunities associated with Coastal and Marine Tourism (CMT) in the Swartkops River Estuary (SRE). CMT has become the biggest segment of the travel industry. Moreover, this form of alternative tourism is the most significant and fastest developing economic activity in the ocean. The objectives of this study were to identify the challenges that hinder the development of CMT in SRE, to determine opportunities for CMT in SRE, to evaluate NMBM’s efforts in creating and sustaining CMT in SRE and to evaluate the status of CMT in SRE in terms of CMT related development. This study fit within the interprevist paradigm and made use of a qualitative research approach and design as well as inductive reasoning. The qualitative research design consisted of data being collected through document and content analysis. Data was analysed using data analysis process of Miles and Herman (1994) as well as the coding and developing of specific themes that emerged from the data. The data in this phase was presented both in narrative format and tables. The document analysis used in this study was established based on the objectives of this study. The findings of this study revealed that key challenges that hinder the growth of CMT in Swartkops River Estuary are environmental impacts that include pollution, over enrichment, inappropriate development, overfishing, destruction of mudflats, limited freshwater inflow, destruction of vegetation and climate change. The findings also revealed that there are opportunities for CMT in SRE such as promoting SRE as a popular ecotourism destination by developing ecotourism nodes. These include environmental education at the Aloes Nature Reserve's and the Swartkops Estuary south-east section, sustainable ecolodges and conference centres. The study recommends that the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality should organize educational programmes to educate local people about the significance of conserving and safeguarding the environment for future generations. These findings also posed certain challenges linked to those identified in the analysis. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development & Tourism, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Desired sensory branding strategies in-store versus online: the skincare industry
- Authors: Berman, Gabriella
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Sensory branding , Hides and skins industry , Teleshopping
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60970 , vital:69556
- Description: Modern shoppers are inundated with purchasing options in every product category, with thousands of brands competing for their patronage. It has therefore become increasingly important for organisations to differentiate product offerings in the market if they want to be competitive. It has further been highlighted that an individual’s experience of a brand is of paramount importance, as it is directly linked to brand loyalty. A vehicle for creating memorable brand experiences is the utilisation of multi-sensory experiences or sensory branding. Within the context of traditional or in-store shopping, sensory branding encompasses the use of visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile and gustatory stimuli to adjust consumer purchasing behaviour. However, more and more consumers are opting for online shopping, spurred on by the effects of the global COVID-19 pandemic, and are no less demanding of brands online than they would be in-store. The cosmetics and personal care industry is one of the more predominant gainers from e-commerce. The skincare industry exhibited one of the largest growth rates from 2019 – 2025 and had an estimated market value of $155.8 billion in 2022. When considering the South African skincare industry in isolation, there is no exception, categorised by high average growth rates and many competitive players in the market. This is apparent when considering that the skincare industry within South Africa is expcted to grow annually by 5.48% from 2023 to 2027, translating to an industry value of $788.4 million by 2027 (Statista 2023). With reference to in-store shopping for skincare products, sensory marketing strategies have been known to be heavily relied on. Therefore, with consumers moving towards online shopping, it is essential for skincare businesses to consider how to deliver sensory experiences online as well as in-store. Whilst the importance of the use of sensory branding and marketing in the skincare industry is notable, both in-store and online, it was established that while there is research available on sensory branding, there is very limited academic research on digital sensory branding and the sensory branding of v skincare products. Moreover, to the researcher’s knowledge, no academic literature specifically investigates the digital sensory branding of skincare brands. Therefore, this study will contribute not only by adding academic research to the topic being investigated but also through rreccomendations made based on the outcomes of this study to skincare brands in South Africa. From the comprehensive literature review, a conceptual model was constructed to investigate the relationship between traditional and digital sensory branding strategies (independent variables) and brand loyalty (dependent variable). Two sets of hypotheses were formulated relating to the identified variables of this study and the empirical research conducted was utilised to deduce whether these hypotheses should be rejected or supported. To conduct the empirical research needed for this study, certain research methodology was employed. This study made use of a positivistic paradigm and a quantitative approach. The target population of this study constituted consumers who had purchased skincare products in-store as well as online and, as no true sample frame existed, respondents were selected through the use of non-probability sampling, more specifically, convenience sampling. To collect the data, an online survey was used, with the specific data collection instrument being a web-based self-administered questionnaire, which was distributed via social media platforms, such as Facebook and LinkedIn, as well as via email. Section A of the questionnaire focused on the demographic details of the respondents, while Section B – Section F related to the variables of the study. A total of 372 potential respondents started the questionnaire, however only 321 questionnaires were deemed usable after the data had been coded and cleaned, indicating a response rate of 86.3%. This study made use of both descriptive (measures of central tendency as well as standard deviation and skewness) and inferential (SEM Models, Primary Models, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, Chi-Square test of Association, ANOVAs and Welch Robust test, Tukey test and Games Howell Test as well as Cohen’s d) statistics to interpret the data, which was graphically illustrated. vi The empirical investigation conducted in this study between the variables and sub-variables revealed that significant relationships exist between traditional sensory branding strategies (traditional olfactory and tactile stimuli) and digital sensory branding strategies (digital visual, olfactory and tactile stimuli) and brand loyalty, with refence to the skincare industry. It was further notable that, with specific reference to the skincare industry, the sense of sight, smell and touch are key factors for sensory branding, whereas auditory stimuli were found to only be useful when used in unison with the other senses. Moreover, with reference to in-store shopping, it was deduced that consumers shop for skincare mostly via retail outlets, which could lead to sensory overload. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that younger consumers are price sensitive. Based on the pertinent empirical results, and corresponding literature findings, of this study, recommendations were provided to businesses operating in the skincare industry. With reference to in-store trading, it was recommended that because skincare is mostly sold via retail outlets, the brand itself does not have control over all sensory stimuli to which the consumer is exposed. As a result, consumers may be subject to sensory overload and skincare brands should keep their sensory branding in-store simple. Moreover, skincare brands could make use of an in-store aesthetician or beautician, which would facilitate consumer-product interaction. With regards to online trading, a recommendation for skincare brands would be to use moving images or GIFs, which will allow the consumer to more easily imagine the feel of the product. Moreover, skincare brands can make use of brand ambassadors to create “unboxing” videos, which will convey more clearly the sensory information of the product and instil confidence in consumers. Reccomendations were also made with reference to the financial state of consumers, as the financial position of the respondents could influence their decision making. The limitations of this study comprised the availability of reliable existing sources to support the study as the concept of digital sensory branding is still relatively new and, due to the study being focused on the skincare industry, taste stimuli were excluded as they were found to have no relevance. Finally, vii based on all the literature findings and empirical results, recommendations for future areas of study were made. This study provides evidence that both traditional and digital sensory branding strategies have an influence on, or relationship with, brand loyalty. Through this study, the importance of sensory branding, with specific reference to the skincare industry, is brought to light. Furthermore, skincare brands can utilise the information provided to improve the experience of their consumers when shopping in-store, as well as online, thereby increasing their base of brand loyal consumers. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Berman, Gabriella
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Sensory branding , Hides and skins industry , Teleshopping
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60970 , vital:69556
- Description: Modern shoppers are inundated with purchasing options in every product category, with thousands of brands competing for their patronage. It has therefore become increasingly important for organisations to differentiate product offerings in the market if they want to be competitive. It has further been highlighted that an individual’s experience of a brand is of paramount importance, as it is directly linked to brand loyalty. A vehicle for creating memorable brand experiences is the utilisation of multi-sensory experiences or sensory branding. Within the context of traditional or in-store shopping, sensory branding encompasses the use of visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile and gustatory stimuli to adjust consumer purchasing behaviour. However, more and more consumers are opting for online shopping, spurred on by the effects of the global COVID-19 pandemic, and are no less demanding of brands online than they would be in-store. The cosmetics and personal care industry is one of the more predominant gainers from e-commerce. The skincare industry exhibited one of the largest growth rates from 2019 – 2025 and had an estimated market value of $155.8 billion in 2022. When considering the South African skincare industry in isolation, there is no exception, categorised by high average growth rates and many competitive players in the market. This is apparent when considering that the skincare industry within South Africa is expcted to grow annually by 5.48% from 2023 to 2027, translating to an industry value of $788.4 million by 2027 (Statista 2023). With reference to in-store shopping for skincare products, sensory marketing strategies have been known to be heavily relied on. Therefore, with consumers moving towards online shopping, it is essential for skincare businesses to consider how to deliver sensory experiences online as well as in-store. Whilst the importance of the use of sensory branding and marketing in the skincare industry is notable, both in-store and online, it was established that while there is research available on sensory branding, there is very limited academic research on digital sensory branding and the sensory branding of v skincare products. Moreover, to the researcher’s knowledge, no academic literature specifically investigates the digital sensory branding of skincare brands. Therefore, this study will contribute not only by adding academic research to the topic being investigated but also through rreccomendations made based on the outcomes of this study to skincare brands in South Africa. From the comprehensive literature review, a conceptual model was constructed to investigate the relationship between traditional and digital sensory branding strategies (independent variables) and brand loyalty (dependent variable). Two sets of hypotheses were formulated relating to the identified variables of this study and the empirical research conducted was utilised to deduce whether these hypotheses should be rejected or supported. To conduct the empirical research needed for this study, certain research methodology was employed. This study made use of a positivistic paradigm and a quantitative approach. The target population of this study constituted consumers who had purchased skincare products in-store as well as online and, as no true sample frame existed, respondents were selected through the use of non-probability sampling, more specifically, convenience sampling. To collect the data, an online survey was used, with the specific data collection instrument being a web-based self-administered questionnaire, which was distributed via social media platforms, such as Facebook and LinkedIn, as well as via email. Section A of the questionnaire focused on the demographic details of the respondents, while Section B – Section F related to the variables of the study. A total of 372 potential respondents started the questionnaire, however only 321 questionnaires were deemed usable after the data had been coded and cleaned, indicating a response rate of 86.3%. This study made use of both descriptive (measures of central tendency as well as standard deviation and skewness) and inferential (SEM Models, Primary Models, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, Chi-Square test of Association, ANOVAs and Welch Robust test, Tukey test and Games Howell Test as well as Cohen’s d) statistics to interpret the data, which was graphically illustrated. vi The empirical investigation conducted in this study between the variables and sub-variables revealed that significant relationships exist between traditional sensory branding strategies (traditional olfactory and tactile stimuli) and digital sensory branding strategies (digital visual, olfactory and tactile stimuli) and brand loyalty, with refence to the skincare industry. It was further notable that, with specific reference to the skincare industry, the sense of sight, smell and touch are key factors for sensory branding, whereas auditory stimuli were found to only be useful when used in unison with the other senses. Moreover, with reference to in-store shopping, it was deduced that consumers shop for skincare mostly via retail outlets, which could lead to sensory overload. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that younger consumers are price sensitive. Based on the pertinent empirical results, and corresponding literature findings, of this study, recommendations were provided to businesses operating in the skincare industry. With reference to in-store trading, it was recommended that because skincare is mostly sold via retail outlets, the brand itself does not have control over all sensory stimuli to which the consumer is exposed. As a result, consumers may be subject to sensory overload and skincare brands should keep their sensory branding in-store simple. Moreover, skincare brands could make use of an in-store aesthetician or beautician, which would facilitate consumer-product interaction. With regards to online trading, a recommendation for skincare brands would be to use moving images or GIFs, which will allow the consumer to more easily imagine the feel of the product. Moreover, skincare brands can make use of brand ambassadors to create “unboxing” videos, which will convey more clearly the sensory information of the product and instil confidence in consumers. Reccomendations were also made with reference to the financial state of consumers, as the financial position of the respondents could influence their decision making. The limitations of this study comprised the availability of reliable existing sources to support the study as the concept of digital sensory branding is still relatively new and, due to the study being focused on the skincare industry, taste stimuli were excluded as they were found to have no relevance. Finally, vii based on all the literature findings and empirical results, recommendations for future areas of study were made. This study provides evidence that both traditional and digital sensory branding strategies have an influence on, or relationship with, brand loyalty. Through this study, the importance of sensory branding, with specific reference to the skincare industry, is brought to light. Furthermore, skincare brands can utilise the information provided to improve the experience of their consumers when shopping in-store, as well as online, thereby increasing their base of brand loyal consumers. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
A stakeholder framework for sustainable Supply chain management in the Zimbabwean food industry
- Authors: Munuhwa,Shakerod
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Stakeholder , Supply chain management , Food industry -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60315 , vital:64397
- Description: The food supply chain plays an important role in the Zimbabwean food industry. More so sustainable food supply chain management (SFSCM) is a subject that has not received much attention, and yet it is so pertinent in determining food security in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe has faced episodes of inadequate grain/cereal food reserves, hence the urgent need to develop a stakeholder framework for sustainable food supply chain management. The main objective of the study was to develop a stakeholder framework for SFSCM in the food industry. To accomplish the main objective, the research intended to achieve the following sub-objectives, namely to: establish the drivers for SFSCM; identify SFSCM practices within the food industry; identify the key stakeholders’ dynamic capabilities (SDCs) in the food industry and identify challenges faced by stakeholders in implementing SFSCM. The study also sought to establish the influence of: SFSCM drivers on implementing SFSCM practices; SFSCM drivers on SDCs; SFSCM practices on SDCs; SFSCM practices on SFSCM performance; SFSCM drivers on SFSCM performance; and SDCs on SFSCM performance. This study further sought to assess the mediation effect of: SFSCM drivers on the relationship between SFSCM practices and SDCs; SDCs on the relationship between SFSCM practices and SFSCM performance; SFSCM drivers on the relationship between SDCs and SFSCM performance and finally to assess the mediation effect of SDCs on the relationship between SFSCM drivers and SFSCM performance. This study employed a pragmatic philosophy that allowed for the collection of primary data using a fixed concurrent mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) approach. The data analysis for this research included qualitative data from 22 participants and quantitative data from 292 respondents, all of whom were recruited through nine gatekeepers (Grain Marketing Board, Consumer Council of Zimbabwe, Food and Nutrition Association of Zimbabwe, Grain Millers Association of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Lands, Agriculture, Water and Rural Resettlement, Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply, Food and Agriculture Organization in Zimbabwe, Confederation of Zimbabwe Retailers and Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce). A thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. For the quantitative data, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 package was used to perform descriptive analysis, and principal component analysis for factor reduction and dimensional groups. Analysis of a Moment Structures (AMOS 26) program was used viii to perform structural equation modelling (SEM) for model fit evaluations and hypothesis tests. The mixed methods approach (both qualitative and quantitative) results identified regulatory pressure, market pressure, societal pressure, availability of resources, organisational culture and corporate objectives as some of the key SFSCM drivers. Additionally, the results identified the following as the key SFSCM practices: waste management, carbon emission reduction, logistics optimisation, water conservation, energy conservation, cost reduction and price efficiency, employment of competent people, cultivation of profitable grain crops, corporate social responsibility, fair distribution of food, human development on nutritious food consumption, food donations and continuously conducting consumer tastes surveys. Further, the mixed methods approach results cited the following key SDCs: sensing, seizing, reconfiguration, reflexive control, partner development, co-evolving and supply chain integration capabilities. Major challenges faced by stakeholders when implementing SFSCM were also identified and these involved lack of resources, lack of top management commitment, poor information sharing, lack of mutual trust amongst stakeholders, unmotivated employees, lack of government support, ever-changing food regulations, poor customer demand for sustainable and healthy foods, corruption and economic hardship challenges. The study also sought to establish relationships amongst variables. The mixed methods approach results revealed that SFSCM drivers have a positive influence on SFSCM practices, SDCs and SFSCM performance. The results also report a positive and significant influence of SFSCM practices on SDCs. The results further indicate that SDCs have a positive and significant influence on SFSCM performance. Although the qualitative findings reported a positive influence of SFSCM practices on SFSCM performance, the quantitative results from the SEM path analysis reported a very weak positive and insignificant influence of SFSCM practices on SFSCM performance. Mediation analysis was also performed using the quantitative data analysis only, and the results revealed that SFSCM drivers have significant partial mediation effect on the relationship between SFSCM practices and SDCs. The results also report that SDCs have a significant full mediation effect on the relationship between SFSCM practices and SFSCM performance. SFSCM drivers were found to have a significant ix partial mediation influence on the relationship between SDCs and SFSCM performance. Lastly, SDCs have a significant partial mediation effect on the relationship between SFSCM drivers and SFSCM performance. Based on the empirical results, conclusions were drawn, and recommendations were made. The research proposes a new stakeholder framework for SFSCM in the food industry. The study recommends that stakeholders consider providing training and education to all employees about the critical role of SFSCM in ensuring Zimbabwe's food security. Additionally, policymakers are urged to implement supply chain anticorruption and fair-trading policies in order to boost SFSCM performance. Stakeholder institutions are also urged to reward internal stakeholders who perform exceptionally well in terms of SFSCM in order to positively motivate all staff, and ultimately improve SFSCM. , Thesis (PHD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Munuhwa,Shakerod
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Stakeholder , Supply chain management , Food industry -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60315 , vital:64397
- Description: The food supply chain plays an important role in the Zimbabwean food industry. More so sustainable food supply chain management (SFSCM) is a subject that has not received much attention, and yet it is so pertinent in determining food security in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe has faced episodes of inadequate grain/cereal food reserves, hence the urgent need to develop a stakeholder framework for sustainable food supply chain management. The main objective of the study was to develop a stakeholder framework for SFSCM in the food industry. To accomplish the main objective, the research intended to achieve the following sub-objectives, namely to: establish the drivers for SFSCM; identify SFSCM practices within the food industry; identify the key stakeholders’ dynamic capabilities (SDCs) in the food industry and identify challenges faced by stakeholders in implementing SFSCM. The study also sought to establish the influence of: SFSCM drivers on implementing SFSCM practices; SFSCM drivers on SDCs; SFSCM practices on SDCs; SFSCM practices on SFSCM performance; SFSCM drivers on SFSCM performance; and SDCs on SFSCM performance. This study further sought to assess the mediation effect of: SFSCM drivers on the relationship between SFSCM practices and SDCs; SDCs on the relationship between SFSCM practices and SFSCM performance; SFSCM drivers on the relationship between SDCs and SFSCM performance and finally to assess the mediation effect of SDCs on the relationship between SFSCM drivers and SFSCM performance. This study employed a pragmatic philosophy that allowed for the collection of primary data using a fixed concurrent mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) approach. The data analysis for this research included qualitative data from 22 participants and quantitative data from 292 respondents, all of whom were recruited through nine gatekeepers (Grain Marketing Board, Consumer Council of Zimbabwe, Food and Nutrition Association of Zimbabwe, Grain Millers Association of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Lands, Agriculture, Water and Rural Resettlement, Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply, Food and Agriculture Organization in Zimbabwe, Confederation of Zimbabwe Retailers and Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce). A thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. For the quantitative data, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 package was used to perform descriptive analysis, and principal component analysis for factor reduction and dimensional groups. Analysis of a Moment Structures (AMOS 26) program was used viii to perform structural equation modelling (SEM) for model fit evaluations and hypothesis tests. The mixed methods approach (both qualitative and quantitative) results identified regulatory pressure, market pressure, societal pressure, availability of resources, organisational culture and corporate objectives as some of the key SFSCM drivers. Additionally, the results identified the following as the key SFSCM practices: waste management, carbon emission reduction, logistics optimisation, water conservation, energy conservation, cost reduction and price efficiency, employment of competent people, cultivation of profitable grain crops, corporate social responsibility, fair distribution of food, human development on nutritious food consumption, food donations and continuously conducting consumer tastes surveys. Further, the mixed methods approach results cited the following key SDCs: sensing, seizing, reconfiguration, reflexive control, partner development, co-evolving and supply chain integration capabilities. Major challenges faced by stakeholders when implementing SFSCM were also identified and these involved lack of resources, lack of top management commitment, poor information sharing, lack of mutual trust amongst stakeholders, unmotivated employees, lack of government support, ever-changing food regulations, poor customer demand for sustainable and healthy foods, corruption and economic hardship challenges. The study also sought to establish relationships amongst variables. The mixed methods approach results revealed that SFSCM drivers have a positive influence on SFSCM practices, SDCs and SFSCM performance. The results also report a positive and significant influence of SFSCM practices on SDCs. The results further indicate that SDCs have a positive and significant influence on SFSCM performance. Although the qualitative findings reported a positive influence of SFSCM practices on SFSCM performance, the quantitative results from the SEM path analysis reported a very weak positive and insignificant influence of SFSCM practices on SFSCM performance. Mediation analysis was also performed using the quantitative data analysis only, and the results revealed that SFSCM drivers have significant partial mediation effect on the relationship between SFSCM practices and SDCs. The results also report that SDCs have a significant full mediation effect on the relationship between SFSCM practices and SFSCM performance. SFSCM drivers were found to have a significant ix partial mediation influence on the relationship between SDCs and SFSCM performance. Lastly, SDCs have a significant partial mediation effect on the relationship between SFSCM drivers and SFSCM performance. Based on the empirical results, conclusions were drawn, and recommendations were made. The research proposes a new stakeholder framework for SFSCM in the food industry. The study recommends that stakeholders consider providing training and education to all employees about the critical role of SFSCM in ensuring Zimbabwe's food security. Additionally, policymakers are urged to implement supply chain anticorruption and fair-trading policies in order to boost SFSCM performance. Stakeholder institutions are also urged to reward internal stakeholders who perform exceptionally well in terms of SFSCM in order to positively motivate all staff, and ultimately improve SFSCM. , Thesis (PHD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Business cycle synchronization in SACU countries: a wavelet coherence analysis
- Authors: Khoza, Sithobile X
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Economic cycles , Synchronization -- (SACU) Countries
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60221 , vital:63844
- Description: The discussion on the viability of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) as a monetary union has been ongoing for years. SACU is the oldest Customs Union in history, formed in 1910. Employing the Optimum Currency Areas (OCA) theory, the study examined SACU’s readiness for a single currency. There are several technical requirements needed to form an OCA, however, one of the most vital of these with regards to a country’s suitability to enter a currency union is Business Cycle Synchronization. Therefore, SACU’s readiness was tested by establishing Business Cycle synchronization between the 5 member states. Although Business Cycles Synchronization have not been proven, SACU countries have moved towards a complete monetary union because of increasing macroeconomic convergence. Our study using Wavelet analysis sets out to establish if there is a synchronization of Business cycles with SACU members. Cyclical components were isolated, from the real GDP growth rate of each country from 1981 to 2020, using the Hodrick-Prescott filter (HP), Band-Pass filter (BP), and the Christiano-Fitzgerald Filter (CF). In the 2 by 2 analysis, our wavelet coherence showed that SACU countries are synchronized with each other, while South Africa displayed its dominance in the union by showing significant synchronization with all the members of the union both in the short and long run. The Vector wavelet analysis results concluded that, as a group, SACU shows much higher degrees of synchronization. The group synchronization is statistically significant throughout the period of study. Furthermore, there is an indication of consistent synchronization, in the long and short run. Overall, the results of our study conclude that there is synchronization in the SACU countries. Therefore, SACU counties can form an OCA as they meet the desirably requirements. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Khoza, Sithobile X
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Economic cycles , Synchronization -- (SACU) Countries
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60221 , vital:63844
- Description: The discussion on the viability of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) as a monetary union has been ongoing for years. SACU is the oldest Customs Union in history, formed in 1910. Employing the Optimum Currency Areas (OCA) theory, the study examined SACU’s readiness for a single currency. There are several technical requirements needed to form an OCA, however, one of the most vital of these with regards to a country’s suitability to enter a currency union is Business Cycle Synchronization. Therefore, SACU’s readiness was tested by establishing Business Cycle synchronization between the 5 member states. Although Business Cycles Synchronization have not been proven, SACU countries have moved towards a complete monetary union because of increasing macroeconomic convergence. Our study using Wavelet analysis sets out to establish if there is a synchronization of Business cycles with SACU members. Cyclical components were isolated, from the real GDP growth rate of each country from 1981 to 2020, using the Hodrick-Prescott filter (HP), Band-Pass filter (BP), and the Christiano-Fitzgerald Filter (CF). In the 2 by 2 analysis, our wavelet coherence showed that SACU countries are synchronized with each other, while South Africa displayed its dominance in the union by showing significant synchronization with all the members of the union both in the short and long run. The Vector wavelet analysis results concluded that, as a group, SACU shows much higher degrees of synchronization. The group synchronization is statistically significant throughout the period of study. Furthermore, there is an indication of consistent synchronization, in the long and short run. Overall, the results of our study conclude that there is synchronization in the SACU countries. Therefore, SACU counties can form an OCA as they meet the desirably requirements. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Investigating various product derivatives for a sustainable aquaculture feed supply chain in South Africa
- Authors: Adam, Yusuf
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Derivatives product , sustainable aquaculture , Supply Chain management -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59531 , vital:62150
- Description: Contemporary aquaculture produces more seafood for growing global nutrition requirements than capture fisheries stocks, but aquaculture practices do have adverse environmental impacts. This research investigated more sustainable marine ecosystem management practices through alternative aquaculture feed ingredients and production systems that mimic natural marine food chains. The aim was to find an alternative feed model to make the industry more sustainable. Content analysis was used to let secondary research complement the empirical research to investigate the perceptions about various product derivatives for a more sustainable aquaculture feed supply chain. The survey entailed distributing 228 questionnaires and only 55 diverse stakeholders responded. By reviewing their perceptions of natural marine organisms and manufactured agricultural ingredients, the call for sustainably produced aquaculture feed could inform future sustainable supply chain management and marine ecosystem stewardship. , Thesis (DBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Applied Accounting, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Adam, Yusuf
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Derivatives product , sustainable aquaculture , Supply Chain management -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59531 , vital:62150
- Description: Contemporary aquaculture produces more seafood for growing global nutrition requirements than capture fisheries stocks, but aquaculture practices do have adverse environmental impacts. This research investigated more sustainable marine ecosystem management practices through alternative aquaculture feed ingredients and production systems that mimic natural marine food chains. The aim was to find an alternative feed model to make the industry more sustainable. Content analysis was used to let secondary research complement the empirical research to investigate the perceptions about various product derivatives for a more sustainable aquaculture feed supply chain. The survey entailed distributing 228 questionnaires and only 55 diverse stakeholders responded. By reviewing their perceptions of natural marine organisms and manufactured agricultural ingredients, the call for sustainably produced aquaculture feed could inform future sustainable supply chain management and marine ecosystem stewardship. , Thesis (DBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Applied Accounting, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The factors influencing professional commitment and job performance of pharmacists in the Nelson Mandela Bay within the Covid-19 environment
- Authors: Sayster, Gary
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Professional ethics , Pharmacists (Nelson Mandela Bay) , COVID-19 (Disease)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60232 , vital:63986
- Description: Job performance and professional commitment are potent drivers of organisational efficiency and overall organisational prosperity, respectively. The severe lack in research regarding these constructs in relation to the pharmaceutical industry or to pharmacists specifically, provided the prime opportunity for the present research to fill this gap. The aim of the present research was therefore to determine the factors influencing professional commitment and job performance in pharmacists in Nelson Mandela Bay, given the Covid-119 environment. A quantitative research approach was adopted for the present study and involved the distribution of a likert—scale questionnaire measuring the dependent variables – professional commitment and job performance and the independent variables – work stress, job commitment, self-esteem and emotional intelligence. A total of 142 surveys were analysed, signalling a response rate of 94.6 67 %. The key findings of the statical analysis show that work stress is negatively related to affective professional commitment and job performance. Job commitment was positively related to job performance and affective professional commitment and self-esteem have a directly positive effect on affective professional commitment. Social skills and self-motivation (as components of emotional intelligence) had a positive relationship with job performance and professional commitment, respectively. Based on these findings, several managerial implications and recommendations were offered. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Sayster, Gary
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Professional ethics , Pharmacists (Nelson Mandela Bay) , COVID-19 (Disease)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60232 , vital:63986
- Description: Job performance and professional commitment are potent drivers of organisational efficiency and overall organisational prosperity, respectively. The severe lack in research regarding these constructs in relation to the pharmaceutical industry or to pharmacists specifically, provided the prime opportunity for the present research to fill this gap. The aim of the present research was therefore to determine the factors influencing professional commitment and job performance in pharmacists in Nelson Mandela Bay, given the Covid-119 environment. A quantitative research approach was adopted for the present study and involved the distribution of a likert—scale questionnaire measuring the dependent variables – professional commitment and job performance and the independent variables – work stress, job commitment, self-esteem and emotional intelligence. A total of 142 surveys were analysed, signalling a response rate of 94.6 67 %. The key findings of the statical analysis show that work stress is negatively related to affective professional commitment and job performance. Job commitment was positively related to job performance and affective professional commitment and self-esteem have a directly positive effect on affective professional commitment. Social skills and self-motivation (as components of emotional intelligence) had a positive relationship with job performance and professional commitment, respectively. Based on these findings, several managerial implications and recommendations were offered. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The macroeconomic impact of ocean economy financing in South Africa
- Authors: Matekenya, Weliswa
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Macroeconomics , Maritime –- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60305 , vital:64343
- Description: The global ocean is responsible for providing seafood and employment to the world’s population and is the key driver of global gross domestic product. The ocean economy (blue economy) has been identified as key to unlocking the growth potential of many economies. It is in this context that both the South African government and the private sector have invested in the ocean economy with the purpose of sustaining it and making it more productive. To this end, the government established the Operation Phakisa programme which is meant to fast-track ocean economy development. In line with operation Phakisa imperatives, the South African government began a series of budget allocations towards the various sectors of the oceans economy. This flow of public funds towards oceans economy sectors was with a view to reduce unemployment, grow the economy, increase trade as well as boost entrepreneurship. It is for this reason that the financing of the ocean economy needs to be assessed in terms of its role in ensuring sustainable economic growth through ocean economy activities. While the ocean economy is becoming a new focal point in the discourse on growth and sustainable development both globally and locally, it remains faced with a series of challenges in South Africa. These include inadequate economic incentives, outdated infrastructure, ineffective governance institutions, lack of technological advances, and insufficient management tools. All of these have led to unregulated competition among users, albeit in the context of extensive opportunities offered by the rising demand for seafood. The specific focus of the study is the macroeconomic impact of ocean economy financing in South Africa during the 1994 to 2019 period. The study employed ARDL to test long and short-run relationships. The results show that ocean economy financing in South Africa during this time to have had a positive effect on economic growth, and a negative relationship on unemployment, although the latter is statically insignificant, while ocean economy financing has a negative relationship with entrepreneurship, to have a positive relationship with total trade, and statistically significant. Based on the findings of the study recommendations are made for the South African government to continue investing in oceans economy marine infrastructure and to address any constraints that hinder the growth and sustainability of the country’s ocean economy. In order to ensure the economic viability of ocean ii economy financing four areas need attention, namely economic growth, entrepreneurship, job creation, and total trade. This study recommends that in order to grow the South African economy, a comprehensive growth strategy that looks beyond ocean economy should be adopted. Regarding entrepreneurship ease of doing business should be improved and all factors inhibiting entrepreneurship should be addressed. The requisite skills through human capital investment should be harnessed and decent and sustainable jobs in the ocean sector should be created. It is a well-known fact that an aggressive drive towards economic growth is not without negative externalities e.g pollutions, unreported, unregulated, and over-exploitation of ocean resources. Ocean governance is vital in preventing such negative externalities. The results of the study show that ocean governance boosts trade and reduces unemployment. , Thesis (PHD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Matekenya, Weliswa
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Macroeconomics , Maritime –- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60305 , vital:64343
- Description: The global ocean is responsible for providing seafood and employment to the world’s population and is the key driver of global gross domestic product. The ocean economy (blue economy) has been identified as key to unlocking the growth potential of many economies. It is in this context that both the South African government and the private sector have invested in the ocean economy with the purpose of sustaining it and making it more productive. To this end, the government established the Operation Phakisa programme which is meant to fast-track ocean economy development. In line with operation Phakisa imperatives, the South African government began a series of budget allocations towards the various sectors of the oceans economy. This flow of public funds towards oceans economy sectors was with a view to reduce unemployment, grow the economy, increase trade as well as boost entrepreneurship. It is for this reason that the financing of the ocean economy needs to be assessed in terms of its role in ensuring sustainable economic growth through ocean economy activities. While the ocean economy is becoming a new focal point in the discourse on growth and sustainable development both globally and locally, it remains faced with a series of challenges in South Africa. These include inadequate economic incentives, outdated infrastructure, ineffective governance institutions, lack of technological advances, and insufficient management tools. All of these have led to unregulated competition among users, albeit in the context of extensive opportunities offered by the rising demand for seafood. The specific focus of the study is the macroeconomic impact of ocean economy financing in South Africa during the 1994 to 2019 period. The study employed ARDL to test long and short-run relationships. The results show that ocean economy financing in South Africa during this time to have had a positive effect on economic growth, and a negative relationship on unemployment, although the latter is statically insignificant, while ocean economy financing has a negative relationship with entrepreneurship, to have a positive relationship with total trade, and statistically significant. Based on the findings of the study recommendations are made for the South African government to continue investing in oceans economy marine infrastructure and to address any constraints that hinder the growth and sustainability of the country’s ocean economy. In order to ensure the economic viability of ocean ii economy financing four areas need attention, namely economic growth, entrepreneurship, job creation, and total trade. This study recommends that in order to grow the South African economy, a comprehensive growth strategy that looks beyond ocean economy should be adopted. Regarding entrepreneurship ease of doing business should be improved and all factors inhibiting entrepreneurship should be addressed. The requisite skills through human capital investment should be harnessed and decent and sustainable jobs in the ocean sector should be created. It is a well-known fact that an aggressive drive towards economic growth is not without negative externalities e.g pollutions, unreported, unregulated, and over-exploitation of ocean resources. Ocean governance is vital in preventing such negative externalities. The results of the study show that ocean governance boosts trade and reduces unemployment. , Thesis (PHD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Understanding of business strategy at different levels of the organisation
- Authors: Ncuthushe, Mboneleli
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Business planning , Organisation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60122 , vital:63097
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that affect understanding of business strategy at different levels of the organisation. The investigation was done by looking at relationship between the business strategy (as a dependant variable) and the organisational structure, the employee level or position, skills, experience and education (as independent variables). These factors were investigated through the analysis of literature and empirical study. The results of this analysis were recorded through the last two chapters (chapter four and five). As in most organisations, there is sometimes different interpretations of business strategy by employees at different levels (or sometimes across) of the organisational structure. This study does not just seek to add value in the literature but also to equip managers tasked with enrolling out business strategies. The basis of the study emanates from corporate failures associated with the business strategies and the failure of implementation and this is discussed further in chapter one with reference to specific sources. The empirical study that was conducted attracted a good response, as there was more than 100 percent response rate, through the use of latest technology and social media. The main conclusions, managerial implications and theoretical framework that came through from the study, are clearly stated in the last chapter, chapter five and can help managers that formulate or implement to business strategies, to ensure that there is great understanding within their workplaces. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Ncuthushe, Mboneleli
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Business planning , Organisation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60122 , vital:63097
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that affect understanding of business strategy at different levels of the organisation. The investigation was done by looking at relationship between the business strategy (as a dependant variable) and the organisational structure, the employee level or position, skills, experience and education (as independent variables). These factors were investigated through the analysis of literature and empirical study. The results of this analysis were recorded through the last two chapters (chapter four and five). As in most organisations, there is sometimes different interpretations of business strategy by employees at different levels (or sometimes across) of the organisational structure. This study does not just seek to add value in the literature but also to equip managers tasked with enrolling out business strategies. The basis of the study emanates from corporate failures associated with the business strategies and the failure of implementation and this is discussed further in chapter one with reference to specific sources. The empirical study that was conducted attracted a good response, as there was more than 100 percent response rate, through the use of latest technology and social media. The main conclusions, managerial implications and theoretical framework that came through from the study, are clearly stated in the last chapter, chapter five and can help managers that formulate or implement to business strategies, to ensure that there is great understanding within their workplaces. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
A Sustainable development lens to understanding community participation in rural development: a case of Malamule Village, Mpumalanga Province
- Authors: Mathabela, Queen
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Rural development -- South Africa , Sustainable development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57874 , vital:58300
- Description: The study sought to explore the nature and extent to which community participation takes place for sustainable rural development at Malamule village, to better understand how to accelerate participation at both a regional and local level leading to sustainable development. The study further investigated how community members participate and involve themselves in sustainable rural development processes and at the same time, it identified approaches used to encourage community participation and sustainability of rural development. A qualitative research methodology was adopted where semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with community members and project managers from two NGOs in Malamule village. A thematic analysis was adopted in this study as it drew on a few thoughts introduced from the hypothetical framework supporting this investigation. There were four main findings of the study: 1) that community members of Malamule consider participation as a tool of emancipation and that they are not just development beneficiaries but influencers; 2) that the existence of NGOs brings about significant relief to the community of Malamule, while too much dependency on them could cause long term problems if the community does not learn to be self-sufficient; 3) that only a small amount of resources, or support, is needed to set up something sustainable; and 4) that the community of Malamule is undergoing many challenges, which results in class disputes that eventually translate into lack of unity. The following is recommended: that NGOs prioritise full involvement of the target communities to promote participation; that NGOs must continue to create awareness in Malamule through consistently training and equipping community members; and that there is a need for the community members and NGOs to continue working together so that sustainable development can be achieved. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Mathabela, Queen
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Rural development -- South Africa , Sustainable development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57874 , vital:58300
- Description: The study sought to explore the nature and extent to which community participation takes place for sustainable rural development at Malamule village, to better understand how to accelerate participation at both a regional and local level leading to sustainable development. The study further investigated how community members participate and involve themselves in sustainable rural development processes and at the same time, it identified approaches used to encourage community participation and sustainability of rural development. A qualitative research methodology was adopted where semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with community members and project managers from two NGOs in Malamule village. A thematic analysis was adopted in this study as it drew on a few thoughts introduced from the hypothetical framework supporting this investigation. There were four main findings of the study: 1) that community members of Malamule consider participation as a tool of emancipation and that they are not just development beneficiaries but influencers; 2) that the existence of NGOs brings about significant relief to the community of Malamule, while too much dependency on them could cause long term problems if the community does not learn to be self-sufficient; 3) that only a small amount of resources, or support, is needed to set up something sustainable; and 4) that the community of Malamule is undergoing many challenges, which results in class disputes that eventually translate into lack of unity. The following is recommended: that NGOs prioritise full involvement of the target communities to promote participation; that NGOs must continue to create awareness in Malamule through consistently training and equipping community members; and that there is a need for the community members and NGOs to continue working together so that sustainable development can be achieved. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Factors that influence customers’ spaza shopping experience
- Authors: Yase, Tembelihle
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Home-based businesses--South Africa-Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55780 , vital:53877
- Description: Spaza shops, originating in South Africa during the 1970’s, often operate in townships, selling products and services to customers who live mostly within walking distance of the shop. Almost five decades later, and spaza shops abound across most townships in South Africa. These businesses not only provide grocery items and services to customers in the township community but are a means for people to earn a livelihood for themselves and also contribute economically through creating employment opportunities in the informal sector. Research about spaza shops shows that there is a growing customer interest in purchasing products and services from spaza shops, and that if spaza shops are to continue growing, they need to be more competitive. Research by renowned authors in the field of experience marketing, Pine and Gilmore (2013) puts forward that experiences are the new relevant economic offering, and an essential value creating platform for businesses to be more competitive. However, before customer experience can be enhanced in spaza shops, it is important to first identify the factors that influence customer experience in a spaza shop context. Considering the latter, the primary objective of this study was to measure factors that influence customer experience in spaza shops. A descriptive research design was selected for this study, followed by a positivistic research paradigm and quantitative research methodology. Secondary data was collected through articles, journals, books and from newspapers. Primary data was collected using a survey in the form of a self-administered questionnaire. The target population for this study was customers who are older than 18 years, who had bought grocery items (products and services) in spaza shops located in Nelson Mandela Bay townships specifically in Walmer Township, KwaZakhele, Zwide, Motherwell, KwaMagxaki and New Brighton. A non-probability sampling method and convenience sampling technique were used to distribute a total of 200 selfadministered questionnaires. Once the data collection phase was completed, the data from the questionnaires was recorded, coded, and cleaned on a single excel spreadsheet. After the latter was done, a total of 185 questionnaires were deemed useable and considered for data analysis, which was conducted with the aid of IBM SPSS Statistics version 27 (computer software). , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Yase, Tembelihle
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Home-based businesses--South Africa-Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55780 , vital:53877
- Description: Spaza shops, originating in South Africa during the 1970’s, often operate in townships, selling products and services to customers who live mostly within walking distance of the shop. Almost five decades later, and spaza shops abound across most townships in South Africa. These businesses not only provide grocery items and services to customers in the township community but are a means for people to earn a livelihood for themselves and also contribute economically through creating employment opportunities in the informal sector. Research about spaza shops shows that there is a growing customer interest in purchasing products and services from spaza shops, and that if spaza shops are to continue growing, they need to be more competitive. Research by renowned authors in the field of experience marketing, Pine and Gilmore (2013) puts forward that experiences are the new relevant economic offering, and an essential value creating platform for businesses to be more competitive. However, before customer experience can be enhanced in spaza shops, it is important to first identify the factors that influence customer experience in a spaza shop context. Considering the latter, the primary objective of this study was to measure factors that influence customer experience in spaza shops. A descriptive research design was selected for this study, followed by a positivistic research paradigm and quantitative research methodology. Secondary data was collected through articles, journals, books and from newspapers. Primary data was collected using a survey in the form of a self-administered questionnaire. The target population for this study was customers who are older than 18 years, who had bought grocery items (products and services) in spaza shops located in Nelson Mandela Bay townships specifically in Walmer Township, KwaZakhele, Zwide, Motherwell, KwaMagxaki and New Brighton. A non-probability sampling method and convenience sampling technique were used to distribute a total of 200 selfadministered questionnaires. Once the data collection phase was completed, the data from the questionnaires was recorded, coded, and cleaned on a single excel spreadsheet. After the latter was done, a total of 185 questionnaires were deemed useable and considered for data analysis, which was conducted with the aid of IBM SPSS Statistics version 27 (computer software). , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Information technology (IT) measures needed In the automotive industry to prepare for a pandemic
- Authors: Marwayi, Sisanda
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Information technology , Automobile industry and trade
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57864 , vital:58292
- Description: Information Technology is the application of technology to solve business or organisational problems on a broad scale. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a standstill to many businesses, including that of the automotive industry, where production was brought to halt, car sales plummeted and automotive industry employees were forced to work remotely. This study sought to understand the measures needed to be taken by the automotive industry in preparation for a pandemic. This study followed a deductive approach and the use of surveys was selected as a data collection tool. At the time of the study, the study population was permanently employed automotive industry employees based in Nelson Mandela Bay, working in administrative departments. These employees had access to ICT tools provided by the targeted company. The study aimed to investigate the IT measures needed by the automotive industry in preparation for a pandemic. More specifically, the study investigated IT infrastructure, financial support and communication, as well as IT skills and training, needed by the automotive industry in the Nelson Mandela Bay area for successful remote working. The empirical results were obtained from 127 automotive industry employees. The aim was to determine the extent of Remote Work Assessment in the Nelson Mandela Bay automotive industry and whether IT infrastructure, Communication, Financial support, IT skills, IT personnel support and IT training were the strongest determinants of measuring IT needs in preparation for a pandemic. The findings of the study indicated that IT infrastructure, Communication, IT skills, IT personnel support and IT training were important determinants of Remote Work Assessment. The study also revealed that only financial support was deemed as an insignificant determinant of Remote Work Assessment. Furthermore, recommendations were made to automotive industry leaders and management to facilitate improved working conditions with government. This can lead to significantly better forecasting and vi measurement of IT needs for future pandemic preparation in the automotive industry in the Nelson Mandela Bay area. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Marwayi, Sisanda
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Information technology , Automobile industry and trade
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57864 , vital:58292
- Description: Information Technology is the application of technology to solve business or organisational problems on a broad scale. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a standstill to many businesses, including that of the automotive industry, where production was brought to halt, car sales plummeted and automotive industry employees were forced to work remotely. This study sought to understand the measures needed to be taken by the automotive industry in preparation for a pandemic. This study followed a deductive approach and the use of surveys was selected as a data collection tool. At the time of the study, the study population was permanently employed automotive industry employees based in Nelson Mandela Bay, working in administrative departments. These employees had access to ICT tools provided by the targeted company. The study aimed to investigate the IT measures needed by the automotive industry in preparation for a pandemic. More specifically, the study investigated IT infrastructure, financial support and communication, as well as IT skills and training, needed by the automotive industry in the Nelson Mandela Bay area for successful remote working. The empirical results were obtained from 127 automotive industry employees. The aim was to determine the extent of Remote Work Assessment in the Nelson Mandela Bay automotive industry and whether IT infrastructure, Communication, Financial support, IT skills, IT personnel support and IT training were the strongest determinants of measuring IT needs in preparation for a pandemic. The findings of the study indicated that IT infrastructure, Communication, IT skills, IT personnel support and IT training were important determinants of Remote Work Assessment. The study also revealed that only financial support was deemed as an insignificant determinant of Remote Work Assessment. Furthermore, recommendations were made to automotive industry leaders and management to facilitate improved working conditions with government. This can lead to significantly better forecasting and vi measurement of IT needs for future pandemic preparation in the automotive industry in the Nelson Mandela Bay area. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Investigating the first level of pass -through effects of the SACU region monetary transmission mechanism
- Authors: Mkhombo, Thando
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Monetary unions -- Africa, Southern , Foreign exchange market
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55998 , vital:54562
- Description: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the first-level pass-through effects of monetary policy transmission in SACU using the wavelet analysis methodology. The thesis comprises four empirical themes. 1. Investigating the time-frequency relationship in the Fisher’s effect for SACU countries. 2. Investigating the time-frequency relationship in the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) for SACU countries. 3. Investigating the time-frequency relationship between the exchange rate and the stock returns for SACU countries. 4. Investigating the time-frequency relationship between interest rates, exchange rates, and stock returns for SACU countries. Whilst there exists a considerable amount of empirical works which have studied the four themes in SACU countries that are covered in this study, there is a need for more empirical investigation for several reasons. Firstly, a majority of the studies have focused on South Africa with very little empirical literature existing for Botswana and Lesotho. Secondly, the previous SACU based studies present contradicting findings. Thirdly, Most of these studies did not cover the themes comprehensively, as is the case in this study. Finally, to the best of my knowledge, this methodology has not been employed in any SACU related literature until now. Altogether, the thesis bridges the inconsistencies found in previous SACU-related literature and offers fresh implications for policymakers and market participants. From an empirical perspective, the wavelet coherence analysis proves to be a powerful tool in reconciling previous contradicting empirical evidence on the existence of the Fisher effect in SACU countries. From a policy perspective, more fined tuned implications are derived from the findings of the study as wavelets are able to depict a more accurate description of the different first-level monetary transmission relationships. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School for Economics, Development and Tourism, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Mkhombo, Thando
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Monetary unions -- Africa, Southern , Foreign exchange market
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55998 , vital:54562
- Description: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the first-level pass-through effects of monetary policy transmission in SACU using the wavelet analysis methodology. The thesis comprises four empirical themes. 1. Investigating the time-frequency relationship in the Fisher’s effect for SACU countries. 2. Investigating the time-frequency relationship in the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) for SACU countries. 3. Investigating the time-frequency relationship between the exchange rate and the stock returns for SACU countries. 4. Investigating the time-frequency relationship between interest rates, exchange rates, and stock returns for SACU countries. Whilst there exists a considerable amount of empirical works which have studied the four themes in SACU countries that are covered in this study, there is a need for more empirical investigation for several reasons. Firstly, a majority of the studies have focused on South Africa with very little empirical literature existing for Botswana and Lesotho. Secondly, the previous SACU based studies present contradicting findings. Thirdly, Most of these studies did not cover the themes comprehensively, as is the case in this study. Finally, to the best of my knowledge, this methodology has not been employed in any SACU related literature until now. Altogether, the thesis bridges the inconsistencies found in previous SACU-related literature and offers fresh implications for policymakers and market participants. From an empirical perspective, the wavelet coherence analysis proves to be a powerful tool in reconciling previous contradicting empirical evidence on the existence of the Fisher effect in SACU countries. From a policy perspective, more fined tuned implications are derived from the findings of the study as wavelets are able to depict a more accurate description of the different first-level monetary transmission relationships. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School for Economics, Development and Tourism, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Passengers’ perceived experience and satisfaction with long-distance coach liners in South Africa
- Authors: Mthi, Yolokazi
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Transportation--South Africa , Buses-South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55679 , vital:53406
- Description: The transportation industry makes a significant contribution to the economy of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), national investment and employment, and plays an essential role in people’s daily lives. Within the transportation industry, this study specifically focused on long-distance coach liners. Long-distance coach liners add significant value to South Africa’s economy. However, no research focusing specifically on passengers’ perceived experience and satisfaction with long-distance coach liners in South Africa exists. Thus, the study aims to fill this void by investigating passengers’ perceived experience and satisfaction with long-distance coach liners in South Africa. The five dimensions of an experience, namely aesthetics, entertainment, peace of mind, economic value and efficiency were identified as potential dimensions of measuring passengers’ experience within a long-distance coach liner context to achieve the aim of the study. The study employed convenience and snowballing sampling to identify potential respondents. Primary data was collected utilising an online survey, SurveyMonkey, and 399 useable responses were received. To strengthen the validity of this study, inferential statistics were used to examine exploratory factor analysis to find latent factors. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was executed on the 44 items intended to measure the independent and dependent variables. The EFA was executed on the correlation matrix between the items. Five factors were extracted for the independent factors and one factor extracted as a dependent factor. A reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) was calculated for each factor to estimate the internal consistency of each of the items. The identified factors, with their respective items, were found to be reliable. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether there were any statistically significant differences between the mean score of selected profile variables (age, occupation, travel purpose and frequency with which respondents had travelled by long-distance coach liner) and the study's identified factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the influence or predictive effect that one or more (independent) variables has concerning the other (dependent) variable. In the current study, multiple regression analysis was utilised to examine the influence of the independent factors on the dependent variable. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Marketing Management, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Mthi, Yolokazi
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Transportation--South Africa , Buses-South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55679 , vital:53406
- Description: The transportation industry makes a significant contribution to the economy of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), national investment and employment, and plays an essential role in people’s daily lives. Within the transportation industry, this study specifically focused on long-distance coach liners. Long-distance coach liners add significant value to South Africa’s economy. However, no research focusing specifically on passengers’ perceived experience and satisfaction with long-distance coach liners in South Africa exists. Thus, the study aims to fill this void by investigating passengers’ perceived experience and satisfaction with long-distance coach liners in South Africa. The five dimensions of an experience, namely aesthetics, entertainment, peace of mind, economic value and efficiency were identified as potential dimensions of measuring passengers’ experience within a long-distance coach liner context to achieve the aim of the study. The study employed convenience and snowballing sampling to identify potential respondents. Primary data was collected utilising an online survey, SurveyMonkey, and 399 useable responses were received. To strengthen the validity of this study, inferential statistics were used to examine exploratory factor analysis to find latent factors. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was executed on the 44 items intended to measure the independent and dependent variables. The EFA was executed on the correlation matrix between the items. Five factors were extracted for the independent factors and one factor extracted as a dependent factor. A reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) was calculated for each factor to estimate the internal consistency of each of the items. The identified factors, with their respective items, were found to be reliable. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether there were any statistically significant differences between the mean score of selected profile variables (age, occupation, travel purpose and frequency with which respondents had travelled by long-distance coach liner) and the study's identified factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the influence or predictive effect that one or more (independent) variables has concerning the other (dependent) variable. In the current study, multiple regression analysis was utilised to examine the influence of the independent factors on the dependent variable. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Marketing Management, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
State antiquity and early agricultural transition as deep economic roots in Africa
- Authors: Fani, Sisipho
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55487 , vital:52374
- Description: Growth economists identified that current failures and successes of economies can be traced far in their histories. The Unified Growth Model has been developed to analyse the process of development. Economic researchers have developed and identified ‘deep roots’ variables that elaborate modern growth, institutions and development. These variables include State Antiquity and Early agricultural transition. The study is an examination of the effects of State Antiquity and Early agricultural transition in the 54 African economies. The study examines these effects employing the following years: 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The study employs econometric models namely, Ordinary Least Squares, Ridge and Lasso regularization models to examine the effects of these deep root variables. The study borrows baseline regressions from the works of Bockstette, Chanda and Putterman (2002), Putterman and Weil (2010) and Borcan, Olsson and Putterman (2018). This study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to empirically examine the effects of State Antiquity and Early agricultural transition in Africa. The results of the study suggest that African economies that have low level of state antiquity experience a positive effect on modern economic growth and development whilst African economies with high levels of state antiquity experience negative effect on modern economic growth and development. The results also suggest that African economies that transition at a later stage toward agriculture experience a positive effect on modern economic growth and development. The implications of these findings indicate that state antiquity and early agricultural transition influence modern economic development only when states have reached a certain level. Countries that transitioned early towards agriculture experience a negative effect on modern economic growth and development depicting a reversal of fortune. The study recommends that the implementation of polices should corelate with the state experience of the specific economy. , Thesis (M.Com.) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development & Tourism, 2022
- Full Text:
- Authors: Fani, Sisipho
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55487 , vital:52374
- Description: Growth economists identified that current failures and successes of economies can be traced far in their histories. The Unified Growth Model has been developed to analyse the process of development. Economic researchers have developed and identified ‘deep roots’ variables that elaborate modern growth, institutions and development. These variables include State Antiquity and Early agricultural transition. The study is an examination of the effects of State Antiquity and Early agricultural transition in the 54 African economies. The study examines these effects employing the following years: 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The study employs econometric models namely, Ordinary Least Squares, Ridge and Lasso regularization models to examine the effects of these deep root variables. The study borrows baseline regressions from the works of Bockstette, Chanda and Putterman (2002), Putterman and Weil (2010) and Borcan, Olsson and Putterman (2018). This study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to empirically examine the effects of State Antiquity and Early agricultural transition in Africa. The results of the study suggest that African economies that have low level of state antiquity experience a positive effect on modern economic growth and development whilst African economies with high levels of state antiquity experience negative effect on modern economic growth and development. The results also suggest that African economies that transition at a later stage toward agriculture experience a positive effect on modern economic growth and development. The implications of these findings indicate that state antiquity and early agricultural transition influence modern economic development only when states have reached a certain level. Countries that transitioned early towards agriculture experience a negative effect on modern economic growth and development depicting a reversal of fortune. The study recommends that the implementation of polices should corelate with the state experience of the specific economy. , Thesis (M.Com.) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development & Tourism, 2022
- Full Text:
The role of climate change on food security in Northern Uganda a case study of Lira district
- Authors: Aciro, Prudence Estel
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Food security -- Uganda , Food security -- Climatic factors , Climatic changes
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57513 , vital:58054
- Description: The study examines the effects of climate change in Northern Uganda to create food security solutions through the improvement of local resilience mechanisms and adaptation devices. The study adopted the interpretive paradigm within the qualitative research methodology as it investigated the subjective opinions of the respondents about the role of climate change on food security in the Lira district. The researcher used non-probability purposive sampling to identify nine officials that possessed knowledge on resilience mechanisms and also interacted directly with individual farmers. The researcher used semi-structured interviews as a tool to collect data and thematic analysis to make conclusions on findings based on the emerging themes. The findings from the study revealed that the four determinants of food security are greatly affected by climate events and these are: food utilisation, food production, food availability and access to food as well as the stability of food supply. Food storage is a problem facing the community of Lira due to extreme climate events. Climate change was found to affect food prices in such a way that when agricultural inputs are bought expensively, it leads the cost of producing crops to increase, which in turn makes food more expensive at the market. The findings also displayed that Lira’s local communities are trying to apply adaptive farming practices to ensure there is an adequate food supply, such as planting a local variety of seeds that withstand the effect of climate change, such as sorghum millet and cassava. Based on the findings, valuable recommendations are offered. These include the government rolling out a national irrigation scheme to ease the use of the drip irrigation mechanism. Also, there is a need for more interventions that support local resilience mechanisms such as the use of agricultural inputs, as these require subsidisation. It emerged from the findings of this study that there is a need for better interventions to deal with flooding. For future researchers, it was found that there is a need to explore the best post-harvest handling methods as well as food storage. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Aciro, Prudence Estel
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Food security -- Uganda , Food security -- Climatic factors , Climatic changes
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57513 , vital:58054
- Description: The study examines the effects of climate change in Northern Uganda to create food security solutions through the improvement of local resilience mechanisms and adaptation devices. The study adopted the interpretive paradigm within the qualitative research methodology as it investigated the subjective opinions of the respondents about the role of climate change on food security in the Lira district. The researcher used non-probability purposive sampling to identify nine officials that possessed knowledge on resilience mechanisms and also interacted directly with individual farmers. The researcher used semi-structured interviews as a tool to collect data and thematic analysis to make conclusions on findings based on the emerging themes. The findings from the study revealed that the four determinants of food security are greatly affected by climate events and these are: food utilisation, food production, food availability and access to food as well as the stability of food supply. Food storage is a problem facing the community of Lira due to extreme climate events. Climate change was found to affect food prices in such a way that when agricultural inputs are bought expensively, it leads the cost of producing crops to increase, which in turn makes food more expensive at the market. The findings also displayed that Lira’s local communities are trying to apply adaptive farming practices to ensure there is an adequate food supply, such as planting a local variety of seeds that withstand the effect of climate change, such as sorghum millet and cassava. Based on the findings, valuable recommendations are offered. These include the government rolling out a national irrigation scheme to ease the use of the drip irrigation mechanism. Also, there is a need for more interventions that support local resilience mechanisms such as the use of agricultural inputs, as these require subsidisation. It emerged from the findings of this study that there is a need for better interventions to deal with flooding. For future researchers, it was found that there is a need to explore the best post-harvest handling methods as well as food storage. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
A corporate strategy framework to increase financial performance in Zimbabwean firms
- Authors: Matanhire, Farai
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Business enterprises -- Zimbabwe -- Finance -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54047 , vital:46206
- Description: The world over, contrasting company performance by firms in the same operating environment and industry has been a conundrum. Firms do not operate in a vacuum, but within spheres where various factors around them affect their performances. To that end, heterogeneous firm performance is a common phenomenon that is influenced by a number of factors, including how management develops appropriate selections, trade-offs and calculated choices to be dissimilar from other players in the market in order to gain a competitive advantage that will lead to superior financial performance. A collection of actions that management puts in place to out-perform competing firms in order to achieve greater profitability is called corporate strategy. These plans of action include the effective management of the socio-political and cultural institutions in a manner beneficial to the organisation. This plan of action on the socio-political and cultural institutions gives rise to institutional strategic management. The formulation of corporate strategies is done through a process that involves a set of rules, ideas or beliefs called frameworks, which include the Resource Based Strategy Framework, Business Models, Innovation and Institutionalism. Research has shown that the financial performance of firms is driven by a number of factors, namely corporate strategy, industry competitiveness, operating environment and core competencies amongst other factors. There is a plethora of determinants for the performance of firms and the complexity in the current business environment that has contributed to some models becoming obsolete while others remain relevant. It is against this background that the primary research objective of establishing a corporate strategy framework used by Zimbabwean firms to increase financial performance was developed. To answer this primary research objective, secondary objectives to (a) determine the impact of the Resource-Based Strategy Framework on the financial performance of firms in Zimbabwe; (b) ascertain the impact of business models using Porter’s Generic Strategies Framework on the financial performance of firms in Zimbabwe; (c) determine the impact of the Institutional Strategy Framework on the financial performance of firms in Zimbabwe; (d) determine the impact of the Innovation Strategy Framework on the financial performance of firms in Zimbabwe; (e) establish the joint impact of the Resource-Based Strategy framework, Business Models, Institutional Strategies and Innovation Strategies on the financial performance of firms in Zimbabwe; and (f) establish other corporate strategy frameworks used by Zimbabwean firms to increase financial performance, were developed. The study population was the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE) listed firms that fairly represented all the major operating sectors and firms in Zimbabwe. The researcher adopted a mixed research design incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods in order to best reflect the critical strategy elements that were increasing financial performance in Zimbabwean firms. Qualitative data was collected through interviews conducted with executive managers of ZSE firms. Triangulation was achieved by comparing and contrasting data collected from interviews to secondary data extracted from websites, reports and audited financial statements. Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis was done using RQDA, an open-source computer-aided data software. ZSE listed firms were categorised into the five sectors of basic materials, consumer goods, consumer services, financial services and industrials. These firms were further categorised into excellent, medium, poor and very poor performers. Collected data was analysed to establish strategies that were used by excellent, medium, poor and very poor firms to see if they were using the same and figure out the impact of the various strategy frameworks on the financial performance on Zimbabwean firms. Data was analysed using univariate, ordinal and binomial logistics regression analysis. These data analysis models confirmed that RBS was a significant driver of financial performance for ZSE listed firms when all the strategy frameworks were combined. However, evaluating the impact of each strategy framework separately showed that all the frameworks were significant in driving financial performance, with the exception of the Institutional Strategy Framework. All the firms were doing more or less the same on Institutional Strategy Framework (ISF), hence it could not be a predictor of financial performance under the regression models. However, the ISF had a high score on univariate evaluation method. It is against this background that the study recommended the use of the Resource Based Strategy Framework (RBS) in pursuit of increasing financial performance of firms as this has been empirically found to have a significant impact on the financial performance of firms in Zimbabwe. , Thesis (DBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Matanhire, Farai
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Business enterprises -- Zimbabwe -- Finance -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54047 , vital:46206
- Description: The world over, contrasting company performance by firms in the same operating environment and industry has been a conundrum. Firms do not operate in a vacuum, but within spheres where various factors around them affect their performances. To that end, heterogeneous firm performance is a common phenomenon that is influenced by a number of factors, including how management develops appropriate selections, trade-offs and calculated choices to be dissimilar from other players in the market in order to gain a competitive advantage that will lead to superior financial performance. A collection of actions that management puts in place to out-perform competing firms in order to achieve greater profitability is called corporate strategy. These plans of action include the effective management of the socio-political and cultural institutions in a manner beneficial to the organisation. This plan of action on the socio-political and cultural institutions gives rise to institutional strategic management. The formulation of corporate strategies is done through a process that involves a set of rules, ideas or beliefs called frameworks, which include the Resource Based Strategy Framework, Business Models, Innovation and Institutionalism. Research has shown that the financial performance of firms is driven by a number of factors, namely corporate strategy, industry competitiveness, operating environment and core competencies amongst other factors. There is a plethora of determinants for the performance of firms and the complexity in the current business environment that has contributed to some models becoming obsolete while others remain relevant. It is against this background that the primary research objective of establishing a corporate strategy framework used by Zimbabwean firms to increase financial performance was developed. To answer this primary research objective, secondary objectives to (a) determine the impact of the Resource-Based Strategy Framework on the financial performance of firms in Zimbabwe; (b) ascertain the impact of business models using Porter’s Generic Strategies Framework on the financial performance of firms in Zimbabwe; (c) determine the impact of the Institutional Strategy Framework on the financial performance of firms in Zimbabwe; (d) determine the impact of the Innovation Strategy Framework on the financial performance of firms in Zimbabwe; (e) establish the joint impact of the Resource-Based Strategy framework, Business Models, Institutional Strategies and Innovation Strategies on the financial performance of firms in Zimbabwe; and (f) establish other corporate strategy frameworks used by Zimbabwean firms to increase financial performance, were developed. The study population was the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE) listed firms that fairly represented all the major operating sectors and firms in Zimbabwe. The researcher adopted a mixed research design incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods in order to best reflect the critical strategy elements that were increasing financial performance in Zimbabwean firms. Qualitative data was collected through interviews conducted with executive managers of ZSE firms. Triangulation was achieved by comparing and contrasting data collected from interviews to secondary data extracted from websites, reports and audited financial statements. Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis was done using RQDA, an open-source computer-aided data software. ZSE listed firms were categorised into the five sectors of basic materials, consumer goods, consumer services, financial services and industrials. These firms were further categorised into excellent, medium, poor and very poor performers. Collected data was analysed to establish strategies that were used by excellent, medium, poor and very poor firms to see if they were using the same and figure out the impact of the various strategy frameworks on the financial performance on Zimbabwean firms. Data was analysed using univariate, ordinal and binomial logistics regression analysis. These data analysis models confirmed that RBS was a significant driver of financial performance for ZSE listed firms when all the strategy frameworks were combined. However, evaluating the impact of each strategy framework separately showed that all the frameworks were significant in driving financial performance, with the exception of the Institutional Strategy Framework. All the firms were doing more or less the same on Institutional Strategy Framework (ISF), hence it could not be a predictor of financial performance under the regression models. However, the ISF had a high score on univariate evaluation method. It is against this background that the study recommended the use of the Resource Based Strategy Framework (RBS) in pursuit of increasing financial performance of firms as this has been empirically found to have a significant impact on the financial performance of firms in Zimbabwe. , Thesis (DBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
A framework for transmitting and entrenching values in indigenous black South African family businesses
- Authors: Kupangwa, Welcome
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Family-owned business enterprises -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53991 , vital:46171
- Description: Family businesses are the predominant form of business globally and their importance to the economies of countries and job creation are often highlighted. In comparison to non-family businesses, family businesses are often described as having several unique characteristics such as a long-term orientation, being more emotions-laden, and having multiple family generations work in the business. Family businesses are also more deeply rooted in their cultures and values than non-family businesses are, and it is these values that contribute to their uniqueness and longevity. The dominant cultures and values found in family businesses are often associated with those of the founders and their families, and most founders want successive generations to run their family businesses according to established traditions and core values. Despite their importance in both developed and developing economies, family businesses face significant challenges to survive and prosper across generations. One such challenge involves the transmission of values from business founders and/or current leaders to the next generation of family members. If these values are not transmitted to and shared by the next generation, and not entrenched into the functions and processes of their family business, the functioning of the family and the family business are at risk. Existing research on values in family businesses reveals limited knowledge of values transmission to the next generation of family members. In addition, questions remain unanswered as to how values are institutionalised and entrenched into family businesses, and how these values contribute to their longevity and success. Given the need to understand the role of values in the transgenerational success of family businesses, many research calls have been made to investigate the nature of values, values transmission and values entrenchment among family businesses, including those in developing countries. In response to these calls the primary objective of this study was to provide a framework for explaining how values are transmitted among indigenous Black South African business owning families and how these values are entrenched into their family businesses. Investigating values in the context of indigenous Black South African business owning families highlights the influence of indigenous culture on the transmission and entrenchment processes. This study is positioned in the interpretivism and the postmodernism research paradigm. Both deductive and inductive reasoning to theory development and qualitative methodological approach were adopted to create new and richer understandings and interpretations of the phenomena under investigation. Utilising a multiple and descriptive case study methodology, data was collected from seven indigenous Black South African family businesses through semi-structured interviews. To corroborate the interview findings, observations, document analysis and field notes were also used for data collection, which was then analysed utilising reflexive thematic analysis. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Kupangwa, Welcome
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Family-owned business enterprises -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53991 , vital:46171
- Description: Family businesses are the predominant form of business globally and their importance to the economies of countries and job creation are often highlighted. In comparison to non-family businesses, family businesses are often described as having several unique characteristics such as a long-term orientation, being more emotions-laden, and having multiple family generations work in the business. Family businesses are also more deeply rooted in their cultures and values than non-family businesses are, and it is these values that contribute to their uniqueness and longevity. The dominant cultures and values found in family businesses are often associated with those of the founders and their families, and most founders want successive generations to run their family businesses according to established traditions and core values. Despite their importance in both developed and developing economies, family businesses face significant challenges to survive and prosper across generations. One such challenge involves the transmission of values from business founders and/or current leaders to the next generation of family members. If these values are not transmitted to and shared by the next generation, and not entrenched into the functions and processes of their family business, the functioning of the family and the family business are at risk. Existing research on values in family businesses reveals limited knowledge of values transmission to the next generation of family members. In addition, questions remain unanswered as to how values are institutionalised and entrenched into family businesses, and how these values contribute to their longevity and success. Given the need to understand the role of values in the transgenerational success of family businesses, many research calls have been made to investigate the nature of values, values transmission and values entrenchment among family businesses, including those in developing countries. In response to these calls the primary objective of this study was to provide a framework for explaining how values are transmitted among indigenous Black South African business owning families and how these values are entrenched into their family businesses. Investigating values in the context of indigenous Black South African business owning families highlights the influence of indigenous culture on the transmission and entrenchment processes. This study is positioned in the interpretivism and the postmodernism research paradigm. Both deductive and inductive reasoning to theory development and qualitative methodological approach were adopted to create new and richer understandings and interpretations of the phenomena under investigation. Utilising a multiple and descriptive case study methodology, data was collected from seven indigenous Black South African family businesses through semi-structured interviews. To corroborate the interview findings, observations, document analysis and field notes were also used for data collection, which was then analysed utilising reflexive thematic analysis. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
A systematic review of sustainability reports in South African listed companies
- Authors: Marawu, Lindiwe Nolitha
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Corporation reports -- South Africa , Financial statements -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54036 , vital:46195
- Description: This study used a mixed methods approach to provide a systematic review of sustainability reports in South African listed companies that are included in the FTSE/JSE Responsible Investment Index. The purpose was to explore sustainability report content to guide companies of what should be included in such a report. A content analysis schedule was developed to provide the basis for the information to be extracted from the sustainability reports. Three categories, namely, biographical information, reporting format and the theoretical framework were included in the schedule. The sustainability reports of 18 South African JSE SRI Index companies listed on the JSE 2 July 2019 from the mining, retail and investment sectors were included in the sample. The main results showed that the majority of companies in the mining sector used sustainability reports, while nearly half of the companies in the retail sector used sustainability reports. Companies in the investment sector used a variety of reports with a third using integrated reports. Most companies used the JSE listing requirements as their guiding tool in developing their sustainability reports. Environmental issues also seemed to play a major role in sustainability development of a company irrespective of the sector to which it belonged. This systematic review identified the need for a regulator for sustainability reporting and the standardisation of sustainability report content. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Marawu, Lindiwe Nolitha
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Corporation reports -- South Africa , Financial statements -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54036 , vital:46195
- Description: This study used a mixed methods approach to provide a systematic review of sustainability reports in South African listed companies that are included in the FTSE/JSE Responsible Investment Index. The purpose was to explore sustainability report content to guide companies of what should be included in such a report. A content analysis schedule was developed to provide the basis for the information to be extracted from the sustainability reports. Three categories, namely, biographical information, reporting format and the theoretical framework were included in the schedule. The sustainability reports of 18 South African JSE SRI Index companies listed on the JSE 2 July 2019 from the mining, retail and investment sectors were included in the sample. The main results showed that the majority of companies in the mining sector used sustainability reports, while nearly half of the companies in the retail sector used sustainability reports. Companies in the investment sector used a variety of reports with a third using integrated reports. Most companies used the JSE listing requirements as their guiding tool in developing their sustainability reports. Environmental issues also seemed to play a major role in sustainability development of a company irrespective of the sector to which it belonged. This systematic review identified the need for a regulator for sustainability reporting and the standardisation of sustainability report content. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
An analysis of the impact of Uniquely African Traditional Leadership Principles on the sustainability of Lean Manufacturing Implementation within the local manufacturing industry
- Authors: Katts, Ryan
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Lean manufacturing -- South Africa , Manufacturing industries -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53954 , vital:46123
- Description: Businesses are under threat and will need to continuously improve if they are to survive, compete successfully and grow in the global marketplace. This is particularly the case for the manufacturing sector where continuous improvement in the quest to become efficient is of utmost importance. Lean Manufacturing (LM) has been implemented globally and has proven itself to be a benchmark manufacturing practice for achieving continuous improvement directed at business success with respect to increase revenue and business growth. Within the South African manufacturing industry, especially amongst automotive manufacturing sector, Lean Manufacturing has been widely implemented with mixed success. As Lean Manufacturing affects both processes and people, lean principles become key contributors for successful implementation within manufacturing. This study aimed to identify key principles required to improve the success of Lean Manufacturing implementation in the local manufacturing industry in South Africa. The research conducted identified pertinent aspects of LM that could be applied within the SA context. It begins with a review of current literature on Lean Manufacturing, exploring several topics which are relevant to the study. Lean Manufacturing literature was then summarised and tabulated into the Principles and supportive behavioural elements for successful Lean implementation. Important aspects identified during the research that are required for successful LM implementation were Teamwork, Engagement / Commitment, Ideas / Suggestions, Communication, Improvement Culture, Training and Committed Leadership. Then, a literature review on African Leadership was conducted, exploring various elements of leadership and principles that are instilled in leaders within Africa. Key elements from this literature were summarised and tabulated into the Principles and supportive behavioural elements within African Leadership. For African Leadership, principles such as Communalism, Collectivism, Humaneness, Mutual Respect and Cross Cultural Literacy were identified as Uniquely African Traditional Leadership Principles required to be present for successful Lean implementation. These summaries formed the basis from which two self-constructed questionnaires and a Uniquely African Traditional Leadership Principles Interview were compiled. The two self-constructed questionnaires and interview were used as measuring instruments to measure the presence of the above mentioned principles and behavioural elements within organisations and determine whether they have an impact on the sustainability of Lean Manufacturing implementation. Finding from this research indicated that the Uniquely African Traditional Leadership Principles identified were present within organisations, but to an even greater extent within organisations that have successfully implemented Lean Manufacturing. This indicates that Uniquely African Traditional Leadership Principles have a positive effect on the sustainability of Lean Manufacturing implementation. The researcher recommends that, to further improve the presence of Uniquely African Traditional Leadership Principles and principles that display successful LI within organisations, focus be placed on the principles and supportive behavioural elements detailed within this document. , Thesis (DBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Katts, Ryan
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Lean manufacturing -- South Africa , Manufacturing industries -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53954 , vital:46123
- Description: Businesses are under threat and will need to continuously improve if they are to survive, compete successfully and grow in the global marketplace. This is particularly the case for the manufacturing sector where continuous improvement in the quest to become efficient is of utmost importance. Lean Manufacturing (LM) has been implemented globally and has proven itself to be a benchmark manufacturing practice for achieving continuous improvement directed at business success with respect to increase revenue and business growth. Within the South African manufacturing industry, especially amongst automotive manufacturing sector, Lean Manufacturing has been widely implemented with mixed success. As Lean Manufacturing affects both processes and people, lean principles become key contributors for successful implementation within manufacturing. This study aimed to identify key principles required to improve the success of Lean Manufacturing implementation in the local manufacturing industry in South Africa. The research conducted identified pertinent aspects of LM that could be applied within the SA context. It begins with a review of current literature on Lean Manufacturing, exploring several topics which are relevant to the study. Lean Manufacturing literature was then summarised and tabulated into the Principles and supportive behavioural elements for successful Lean implementation. Important aspects identified during the research that are required for successful LM implementation were Teamwork, Engagement / Commitment, Ideas / Suggestions, Communication, Improvement Culture, Training and Committed Leadership. Then, a literature review on African Leadership was conducted, exploring various elements of leadership and principles that are instilled in leaders within Africa. Key elements from this literature were summarised and tabulated into the Principles and supportive behavioural elements within African Leadership. For African Leadership, principles such as Communalism, Collectivism, Humaneness, Mutual Respect and Cross Cultural Literacy were identified as Uniquely African Traditional Leadership Principles required to be present for successful Lean implementation. These summaries formed the basis from which two self-constructed questionnaires and a Uniquely African Traditional Leadership Principles Interview were compiled. The two self-constructed questionnaires and interview were used as measuring instruments to measure the presence of the above mentioned principles and behavioural elements within organisations and determine whether they have an impact on the sustainability of Lean Manufacturing implementation. Finding from this research indicated that the Uniquely African Traditional Leadership Principles identified were present within organisations, but to an even greater extent within organisations that have successfully implemented Lean Manufacturing. This indicates that Uniquely African Traditional Leadership Principles have a positive effect on the sustainability of Lean Manufacturing implementation. The researcher recommends that, to further improve the presence of Uniquely African Traditional Leadership Principles and principles that display successful LI within organisations, focus be placed on the principles and supportive behavioural elements detailed within this document. , Thesis (DBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
An assessment of the financial sustainability of Thandusana non-governmental organisation
- Authors: Murombo, Tapiwa
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Non-governmental organizations , Business enterprises -- Finance , Sustainable development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54947 , vital:48509
- Description: The role that is played by Non-Governmental Organisations in aiding development initiatives can never be overemphasised. These organisations have partnered with numerous States, mostly in developing countries, in spearheading, facilitating, and evaluating various development programmes. Yet, they face daunting futures as their constant reliability on donor funds has affected their sustainability. To this end, their efforts in addressing social, economic, and even political challenges in a sustainable manner is greatly compromised. This research seeks to assess the financial sustainability of local NGOs with Thandusana as a case study. It further explores factors other than funding that influences an organisation's financial sustainability. These factors are income diversification, sound financial management practices, good donor relationships and own income generation. The research concurred with many other scholars that local non-governmental organisations in South Africa are financially unsustainable and are dependent on donor funds, and Thandusana is no exception. After having found out that Thandusana is not geared to create its own income-generating activities, the research concludes by recommending that the governing board establish structures that commit funds for profit-making ventures which are in turn used to sponsor their non-profit functions but caution should be exercised lest they abandon their missions for profit-making. This study employed a qualitative research approach and is based on an interpretive paradigm. The research used a descriptive case study design. Data was collected using document compilation while document analysis was the data analysis tool. Non-probability sampling was used in selecting the sample that was used. , Thesis (MADS) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Murombo, Tapiwa
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Non-governmental organizations , Business enterprises -- Finance , Sustainable development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54947 , vital:48509
- Description: The role that is played by Non-Governmental Organisations in aiding development initiatives can never be overemphasised. These organisations have partnered with numerous States, mostly in developing countries, in spearheading, facilitating, and evaluating various development programmes. Yet, they face daunting futures as their constant reliability on donor funds has affected their sustainability. To this end, their efforts in addressing social, economic, and even political challenges in a sustainable manner is greatly compromised. This research seeks to assess the financial sustainability of local NGOs with Thandusana as a case study. It further explores factors other than funding that influences an organisation's financial sustainability. These factors are income diversification, sound financial management practices, good donor relationships and own income generation. The research concurred with many other scholars that local non-governmental organisations in South Africa are financially unsustainable and are dependent on donor funds, and Thandusana is no exception. After having found out that Thandusana is not geared to create its own income-generating activities, the research concludes by recommending that the governing board establish structures that commit funds for profit-making ventures which are in turn used to sponsor their non-profit functions but caution should be exercised lest they abandon their missions for profit-making. This study employed a qualitative research approach and is based on an interpretive paradigm. The research used a descriptive case study design. Data was collected using document compilation while document analysis was the data analysis tool. Non-probability sampling was used in selecting the sample that was used. , Thesis (MADS) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12