Bioprospectin of medicinal cannabis from Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Odieka, Anwuli, Endurance
- Date: 2024-02
- Subjects: Organic chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9427 , vital:73532
- Description: Cannabis sativa L. (Family Cannabaceae) has continued to attract much interest among natural product scientists in recent time because of its known medicinal values and remarkable chemical diversity. This study reports the investigation of C. sativa cultivated in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, with a view to obtaining its chemical fingerprint and isolating compounds from its stem bark for possible biological applications. Fresh and dried leaves, flowers, stem barks and roots of two Cannabis cultivars were obtained under permit NO. PIA-HP-EC-2022-0023. The fresh and dried plant materials were extracted for their essential oils (EOs), using hydro-distillation method on a Clevenger apparatus set at optimum extraction condition. The EOs were characterized by a gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The chemical components of the EOs were elucidated based on their retention indices, as well as with reference to literature report. Other portions of the dried leaf, inflorescence and stem bark of each cultivar were extracted with methanol. The methanol extract was profiled for its cannabinoid content using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) based metabolomics approach, with reference to standard cannabinoids (∆9-THC, ∆9-THCA, and CBD). Lastly, the dried stem bark of Cultivar II was investigated for its compounds. The stem bark powder was subjected to sequential extraction at room temperature with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Based on the TLC analysis, the afforded n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts were further individually fractionated on a repeated column chromatography, using silica gel and Sephadex LH20 as stationary phases. The column fractionation process led to the isolation of seven compounds, E1-E4, A20, A21, and A23. The isolated compounds were characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric methods on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer and ultra high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to a mass spectrometer, respectively. The results from the study showed that the EOs of the C. sativa cultivars contain majorly sesquiterpenes in their oxygenated and non-oxygenated forms. Caryophyllene (0.6421.4%), caryophyllene oxide (1.27-20.34%), -pinene (0.35-13.21%), D-limonene (0.51-10.99%), humulene (0.37-10.56%), humulene-1,2-epoxide (0.45-5.98%), pinene (0.16-5.22%), nerolidol (0.32-4.99%), -myrcene (0.31-4.23%), -selinene (0.92-2.51%), and trans--bergamotene (0.50-2.70%), were the main terpene constituents of the EOs in both cultivars. Neutral cannabinoids were also detected in both cultivars with cannabidiol found in significant amount up to 85.03% in the fresh stem oil (LSO) of Cultivar I (Lifter). LC-MS fingerprints revealed that Cultivar I had the highest accumulation of cannabinoids with CBDA having the highest amount (88.65%) in the stembark and CBD at about 23% in the leaves. The inflorescence (flower) contained 51.55% of CBDA. Cultivar II had the least number of cannabinoids but contains the highest amount of ∆9-THCA (94.8%) in the leaf sample. Cultivar II showed ∆9-THCA and ∆9-THC dominant profiles with less than 2% of ∆8-THC. ∆9-THC, ∆8- THC were the only neutral cannabinoids detected in Cultivar II while CBD, ∆9-THC, and ∆8- THC were found in significant amounts in Cultivar I. The compounds isolated from the stem bark of Cultivar II were elucidated as five triterpenoids: Sativalenic acid ethyl ester (E1), Phyllanthone (E2), Friedelin (E3), Sativalonone (A20) and Sativaol (A23); an alkaloid, Sativacherine (E4); and a fatty acid ester, Ethyl stearate (A21). Four of these compounds are newly described, while all the compounds are reported for the first time from the Eastern Cape Cultivar (Cherrywine) of C. sativa stem. , Thesis (PHD) -- Faculty of Natural Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-02
- Authors: Odieka, Anwuli, Endurance
- Date: 2024-02
- Subjects: Organic chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9427 , vital:73532
- Description: Cannabis sativa L. (Family Cannabaceae) has continued to attract much interest among natural product scientists in recent time because of its known medicinal values and remarkable chemical diversity. This study reports the investigation of C. sativa cultivated in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, with a view to obtaining its chemical fingerprint and isolating compounds from its stem bark for possible biological applications. Fresh and dried leaves, flowers, stem barks and roots of two Cannabis cultivars were obtained under permit NO. PIA-HP-EC-2022-0023. The fresh and dried plant materials were extracted for their essential oils (EOs), using hydro-distillation method on a Clevenger apparatus set at optimum extraction condition. The EOs were characterized by a gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The chemical components of the EOs were elucidated based on their retention indices, as well as with reference to literature report. Other portions of the dried leaf, inflorescence and stem bark of each cultivar were extracted with methanol. The methanol extract was profiled for its cannabinoid content using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) based metabolomics approach, with reference to standard cannabinoids (∆9-THC, ∆9-THCA, and CBD). Lastly, the dried stem bark of Cultivar II was investigated for its compounds. The stem bark powder was subjected to sequential extraction at room temperature with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Based on the TLC analysis, the afforded n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts were further individually fractionated on a repeated column chromatography, using silica gel and Sephadex LH20 as stationary phases. The column fractionation process led to the isolation of seven compounds, E1-E4, A20, A21, and A23. The isolated compounds were characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric methods on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer and ultra high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to a mass spectrometer, respectively. The results from the study showed that the EOs of the C. sativa cultivars contain majorly sesquiterpenes in their oxygenated and non-oxygenated forms. Caryophyllene (0.6421.4%), caryophyllene oxide (1.27-20.34%), -pinene (0.35-13.21%), D-limonene (0.51-10.99%), humulene (0.37-10.56%), humulene-1,2-epoxide (0.45-5.98%), pinene (0.16-5.22%), nerolidol (0.32-4.99%), -myrcene (0.31-4.23%), -selinene (0.92-2.51%), and trans--bergamotene (0.50-2.70%), were the main terpene constituents of the EOs in both cultivars. Neutral cannabinoids were also detected in both cultivars with cannabidiol found in significant amount up to 85.03% in the fresh stem oil (LSO) of Cultivar I (Lifter). LC-MS fingerprints revealed that Cultivar I had the highest accumulation of cannabinoids with CBDA having the highest amount (88.65%) in the stembark and CBD at about 23% in the leaves. The inflorescence (flower) contained 51.55% of CBDA. Cultivar II had the least number of cannabinoids but contains the highest amount of ∆9-THCA (94.8%) in the leaf sample. Cultivar II showed ∆9-THCA and ∆9-THC dominant profiles with less than 2% of ∆8-THC. ∆9-THC, ∆8- THC were the only neutral cannabinoids detected in Cultivar II while CBD, ∆9-THC, and ∆8- THC were found in significant amounts in Cultivar I. The compounds isolated from the stem bark of Cultivar II were elucidated as five triterpenoids: Sativalenic acid ethyl ester (E1), Phyllanthone (E2), Friedelin (E3), Sativalonone (A20) and Sativaol (A23); an alkaloid, Sativacherine (E4); and a fatty acid ester, Ethyl stearate (A21). Four of these compounds are newly described, while all the compounds are reported for the first time from the Eastern Cape Cultivar (Cherrywine) of C. sativa stem. , Thesis (PHD) -- Faculty of Natural Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-02
Morphometric variation, heavy metal analysis and temperature effects on body weight and stoichiometric ratios (C:N:P) of cerithidea decollata along the Wild Coast, South Africa
- Authors: Fiki, Sinoxolo
- Date: 2023-07
- Subjects: Zoology
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9388 , vital:73512
- Description: The truncated snail, C e rit hid e a d e c olla t a , is one of the major invertebrates in mangrove ecosystems. It’s the rapid ecophysiological response to environmental stress conditions makes C. decollata an ideal species to test the effects of climate change in mangrove ecosystems. Increased temperatures, due to climate change, is one of the major threats faced by aquatic invertebrates as thermal stress may easily lead to death. This study, thus, compared the effects of 1) environmental conditions on the morphology; 2) temperature on body weight and stoichiometry as well as 3) the heavy metal content of C. decollata across three mangrove ecosystems. Morphometry results revealed that sites significantly influenced most of the shell morphological variables (i.e., shell length, shell width, spire height and aperture width). However, sites did not significantly influence the shell depth and aperture length of C. decollata . Temperature effects on body weight revealed that C. decollata individuals gained weight at low temperatures (10 to 20 °C) in all sites. As a result, the mean % weight gain of 6.75 ± 0.11 in Mngazana, 15.82 ± 0.13 in Mbhashe and 11.2 ± 0.13 in Nqabara. Contrary, C. decollata lost weight at temperatures between 25 and 40 °C across all sites leading to a mean % weight loss of 9.51 ± 0.05 in Mngazana; 14.52 ± 0.16 in Mbhashe and 25.74 ± 0.12 in Nqabara. Stoichiometric analysis revealed that soft tissues had higher nitrogen, carbon and phosphorous than the shells. The NP ratio was higher in soft tissues than in shells while CN and CP ratios were higher in shells than in soft tissues. The N, C, P, CN, CP and NP were lowest in Mngazana and highest in Nqabara. Temperature increases resulted in increased nitrogen, phosphorous, carbon and their stoichiometric CN, CP and NP ratios. Heavy metal results showed that Zn, Cu and Cd were highest in the soft tissue than in the shells and sediment. Contrarily, Fe and Pb were higher in the sediment than in shells and soft tissues. The Cu+Zn was highest in the shells than in the soft tissues and sediment. However, arsenic concentrations were below detection levels across all sites. Overall, no significant site differences were detected for heavy metals. It was, therefore, concluded that sites influenced some of C. decollata morphological features while temperature affected the body weight and stoichiometry of C. decollata . , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Natural Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-07
- Authors: Fiki, Sinoxolo
- Date: 2023-07
- Subjects: Zoology
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9388 , vital:73512
- Description: The truncated snail, C e rit hid e a d e c olla t a , is one of the major invertebrates in mangrove ecosystems. It’s the rapid ecophysiological response to environmental stress conditions makes C. decollata an ideal species to test the effects of climate change in mangrove ecosystems. Increased temperatures, due to climate change, is one of the major threats faced by aquatic invertebrates as thermal stress may easily lead to death. This study, thus, compared the effects of 1) environmental conditions on the morphology; 2) temperature on body weight and stoichiometry as well as 3) the heavy metal content of C. decollata across three mangrove ecosystems. Morphometry results revealed that sites significantly influenced most of the shell morphological variables (i.e., shell length, shell width, spire height and aperture width). However, sites did not significantly influence the shell depth and aperture length of C. decollata . Temperature effects on body weight revealed that C. decollata individuals gained weight at low temperatures (10 to 20 °C) in all sites. As a result, the mean % weight gain of 6.75 ± 0.11 in Mngazana, 15.82 ± 0.13 in Mbhashe and 11.2 ± 0.13 in Nqabara. Contrary, C. decollata lost weight at temperatures between 25 and 40 °C across all sites leading to a mean % weight loss of 9.51 ± 0.05 in Mngazana; 14.52 ± 0.16 in Mbhashe and 25.74 ± 0.12 in Nqabara. Stoichiometric analysis revealed that soft tissues had higher nitrogen, carbon and phosphorous than the shells. The NP ratio was higher in soft tissues than in shells while CN and CP ratios were higher in shells than in soft tissues. The N, C, P, CN, CP and NP were lowest in Mngazana and highest in Nqabara. Temperature increases resulted in increased nitrogen, phosphorous, carbon and their stoichiometric CN, CP and NP ratios. Heavy metal results showed that Zn, Cu and Cd were highest in the soft tissue than in the shells and sediment. Contrarily, Fe and Pb were higher in the sediment than in shells and soft tissues. The Cu+Zn was highest in the shells than in the soft tissues and sediment. However, arsenic concentrations were below detection levels across all sites. Overall, no significant site differences were detected for heavy metals. It was, therefore, concluded that sites influenced some of C. decollata morphological features while temperature affected the body weight and stoichiometry of C. decollata . , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Natural Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-07
Appraising the sustainability of groud water quantity and quality
- Authors: Mkosana, Kululwa
- Date: 2023-00
- Subjects: Geography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9398 , vital:73516
- Description: South Africa is a semi-arid region that suffers from water scarcity. With a changing climate, incidents such as droughts and human migration will exacerbate the water scarcity already experienced. Thus, the assessment of groundwater quality and quantity is a major step toward ensuring a viable sustainable water argumentation for general use and to serve as one of the most basic needs of human beings. Hence, this study appraises the sustainability of groundwater resource availability and assesses its water quality at the King Sabatha Dalindyebo Local Municipality within the Mthatha River Catchment (MRC). The objectives were to: i) examine the extent of groundwater potential in the area ii) investigate the determinant factors that characterized the groundwater and surface water interaction and assess the impacts of climatic variables on yield iii) compare the physico-chemical and microbial concentration samples collected at different boreholes in the MRC with respect to South African and World Health Organization (WHO) standards and iv) develop the temporal variation trend in modeling the groundwater quality parameters. Using a systematic sampling method, a preliminary survey was carried out to identify the location and selection of the appropriate boreholes’ representation. Thereafter, reconnaissance map and characterisation of the 10 selected borehole's location was made to spatially represent the sites. The water samples were made thrice per site (totally 30 samples). The collected samples were transported to Talbot and Talbot Laboratory, where they were analysed for their physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters using established procedures. Other parameters such as depth of hole, water level, borehole yield, abstraction rate, the screen length, drawdown, morphometry, geological, land-use variables, were generated after rigorous geographical information system (GIS) analysis in QGIS environment and Excel in achieving the study aims. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used for the estimation of the groundwater flow or baseflow drawing strength from the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer flow (Ksat) (mm/day), sub-basin divide for the groundwater system to the main channel Lgw (m), and the water table height (m). Thereafter, the principal iv component analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and correlation analysis were used to assess the controlling factors for the spatial variation of recharge in the watershed characteristics and assess the impacts of climatic variables on groundwater yield. The simulated results revealed a mean monthly water yield range of 2.7-14.8 m3/s for groundwater over the study years (2000-2019). The development of temporal variation trend modeling of the physico-chemical composition of the groundwater varied from one borehole to another despite their proximity, thus, making it difficult to generalise the water quality parameters fluctuation. The water quality results showed that the majority of the variables are not within acceptable standards. Ammonia and total coliform levels depict a range between 1.5 mg/l minimum to 10 mg/l maximum with to 1000 counts/mL for total coliform. Also, there was no clear relationship between the location of the boreholes and the borehole yield among the selected samples. However, there was a significant difference between the borehole yield and the risk description matrix for the various water quality parameters. Most of the borehole water quality depicts a non-health aesthetic, acute health, and disinfectant status for the area. Keywords: Water scarcity, groundwater, seasonal variability, aquifer scale , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Natural Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
- Authors: Mkosana, Kululwa
- Date: 2023-00
- Subjects: Geography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9398 , vital:73516
- Description: South Africa is a semi-arid region that suffers from water scarcity. With a changing climate, incidents such as droughts and human migration will exacerbate the water scarcity already experienced. Thus, the assessment of groundwater quality and quantity is a major step toward ensuring a viable sustainable water argumentation for general use and to serve as one of the most basic needs of human beings. Hence, this study appraises the sustainability of groundwater resource availability and assesses its water quality at the King Sabatha Dalindyebo Local Municipality within the Mthatha River Catchment (MRC). The objectives were to: i) examine the extent of groundwater potential in the area ii) investigate the determinant factors that characterized the groundwater and surface water interaction and assess the impacts of climatic variables on yield iii) compare the physico-chemical and microbial concentration samples collected at different boreholes in the MRC with respect to South African and World Health Organization (WHO) standards and iv) develop the temporal variation trend in modeling the groundwater quality parameters. Using a systematic sampling method, a preliminary survey was carried out to identify the location and selection of the appropriate boreholes’ representation. Thereafter, reconnaissance map and characterisation of the 10 selected borehole's location was made to spatially represent the sites. The water samples were made thrice per site (totally 30 samples). The collected samples were transported to Talbot and Talbot Laboratory, where they were analysed for their physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters using established procedures. Other parameters such as depth of hole, water level, borehole yield, abstraction rate, the screen length, drawdown, morphometry, geological, land-use variables, were generated after rigorous geographical information system (GIS) analysis in QGIS environment and Excel in achieving the study aims. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used for the estimation of the groundwater flow or baseflow drawing strength from the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer flow (Ksat) (mm/day), sub-basin divide for the groundwater system to the main channel Lgw (m), and the water table height (m). Thereafter, the principal iv component analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and correlation analysis were used to assess the controlling factors for the spatial variation of recharge in the watershed characteristics and assess the impacts of climatic variables on groundwater yield. The simulated results revealed a mean monthly water yield range of 2.7-14.8 m3/s for groundwater over the study years (2000-2019). The development of temporal variation trend modeling of the physico-chemical composition of the groundwater varied from one borehole to another despite their proximity, thus, making it difficult to generalise the water quality parameters fluctuation. The water quality results showed that the majority of the variables are not within acceptable standards. Ammonia and total coliform levels depict a range between 1.5 mg/l minimum to 10 mg/l maximum with to 1000 counts/mL for total coliform. Also, there was no clear relationship between the location of the boreholes and the borehole yield among the selected samples. However, there was a significant difference between the borehole yield and the risk description matrix for the various water quality parameters. Most of the borehole water quality depicts a non-health aesthetic, acute health, and disinfectant status for the area. Keywords: Water scarcity, groundwater, seasonal variability, aquifer scale , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Natural Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
Limits of the Judiciary in the separation of powers in South Africa
- Authors: Qikani, Siphokazi
- Date: 2022-08
- Subjects: Judiciary and law
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9460 , vital:73539
- Description: The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 is the supreme law of the Republic and obligations imposed by it must be fulfilled. The laws of the country and government action draw their validity from the Constitution. The Constitution entrenches principles that ensure democratic processes which promote the objectives, spirit and purport of the Constitution. Separation of powers is one of such principles. Separation of powers is the doctrine that proposes division of power between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. The Constitution confers legislative power to parliament, executive power to the executive and judicial power to the courts. In the South African context of separation of powers, the role of each branch of government is not always clearly defined and sometimes gains perspective as courts interpret parliamentary legislations and executive policies. The Court’s role and limitations in the interpretation of laws often come under scrutiny and bring confusion as to what extent can courts intervene in matters purely left to other branches of government. The current study explores the meaning, implications and practical application of the doctrine of separation of powers by courts. The study pays particular attention to the role and the limits of the Judiciary within the context of separation of powers in South Africa, with the hope of bringing greater clarity of this doctrine to lawyers, academics, government officials and society at large. Keywords: constitutional supremacy, rule of law, separation of powers, legislature, executive, judiciary, judicial intervention. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Humanities Social Sciences and Law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-08
- Authors: Qikani, Siphokazi
- Date: 2022-08
- Subjects: Judiciary and law
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9460 , vital:73539
- Description: The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 is the supreme law of the Republic and obligations imposed by it must be fulfilled. The laws of the country and government action draw their validity from the Constitution. The Constitution entrenches principles that ensure democratic processes which promote the objectives, spirit and purport of the Constitution. Separation of powers is one of such principles. Separation of powers is the doctrine that proposes division of power between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. The Constitution confers legislative power to parliament, executive power to the executive and judicial power to the courts. In the South African context of separation of powers, the role of each branch of government is not always clearly defined and sometimes gains perspective as courts interpret parliamentary legislations and executive policies. The Court’s role and limitations in the interpretation of laws often come under scrutiny and bring confusion as to what extent can courts intervene in matters purely left to other branches of government. The current study explores the meaning, implications and practical application of the doctrine of separation of powers by courts. The study pays particular attention to the role and the limits of the Judiciary within the context of separation of powers in South Africa, with the hope of bringing greater clarity of this doctrine to lawyers, academics, government officials and society at large. Keywords: constitutional supremacy, rule of law, separation of powers, legislature, executive, judiciary, judicial intervention. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Humanities Social Sciences and Law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-08
The Right to a Speedy Trial for Crime Victims in South Africa
- Authors: Nomnganga, Pumza
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Speedy Trial
- Language: English
- Type: Master's/Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6802 , vital:49307
- Description: Delays in criminal proceedings have characterised South Africa’s criminal justice system. This claim is substantiated by cases that take too long to commence or to be finalised. This study notes that the delays in criminal proceedings result in secondary victimisation of crime victims. Thus, the study argues that alleged crime victims should have a right to speedy trial too. The study further submits that the Constitution is silent about the right to a speedy trial for crime victims in South Africa. This silence has raised a perception among crime victims and the society at large that the Constitution favors the accused person only when dealing with delays. The studies that zoom into the problem of the delays in criminal proceedings have been mostly based on the criminological point of view. Such a topic of scholarly inquiry has been barely investigated from a legal point of view. The study investigates the delays, causes and negative effect that the delayed trials have on crime victims as the background of the study in order to evaluate the realisation of the right to a speedy trial for crime victims in South Africa. The main objective of the study is to propose the realisation and implementation of the right to a speedy trial for crime victims in South Africa. The study submits that most researchers exclusively focused on the accused’s speedy trial right in criminal proceedings and did not tackle this angle, thus leaving a gap in the literature that the study intends to fill. The study submits that the implementation of this right will protect crime victims from undue delays. It will also promote equality in the criminal justice system and eradicate future undue delays in criminal proceedings. Keywords: Accused person, crime victims, speedy trial, the criminal justice system, Constitution, undue delays, and secondary victimisation. his study sought to evaluate factors affecting the quality of food provided by the school nutrition programme in Mthatha, OR Tambo Inland Education District. This was a qualitative study in the form of case study research design. Two (2) schools were conveniently selected and from these, 2 principals, 2 school nutrition coordinators, 4 food handlers and 10 learners were purposefully selected to form the sample. Thus, 18 participants were selected in total. Interviews were used to collect data. A review of literature demonstrated that the school nutrition programme was valuable and played an important role towards addressing some of challenges prevalent in South Africa due to the history of the country. The literature reviewed also highlighted challenges faced by the school nutrition programme despite its tremendous success. These are some of the findings: the school nutrition programme was successful towards improving learner punctuality and engaging in the classroom. This had the potential to improve learner health overall; however, it was observed that lack of training around food preparation and hygiene could reduce the effectiveness of the programme. The provision for appropriate storage facilities was also noted as an issue that placed the programme at risk. These are some of the recommendations: the government should provide appropriate training and proper storage facilities in schools with nutrition programme; this could contribute meaningfully towards improving the quality of food provided by the school nutrition programme. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
- Authors: Nomnganga, Pumza
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Speedy Trial
- Language: English
- Type: Master's/Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6802 , vital:49307
- Description: Delays in criminal proceedings have characterised South Africa’s criminal justice system. This claim is substantiated by cases that take too long to commence or to be finalised. This study notes that the delays in criminal proceedings result in secondary victimisation of crime victims. Thus, the study argues that alleged crime victims should have a right to speedy trial too. The study further submits that the Constitution is silent about the right to a speedy trial for crime victims in South Africa. This silence has raised a perception among crime victims and the society at large that the Constitution favors the accused person only when dealing with delays. The studies that zoom into the problem of the delays in criminal proceedings have been mostly based on the criminological point of view. Such a topic of scholarly inquiry has been barely investigated from a legal point of view. The study investigates the delays, causes and negative effect that the delayed trials have on crime victims as the background of the study in order to evaluate the realisation of the right to a speedy trial for crime victims in South Africa. The main objective of the study is to propose the realisation and implementation of the right to a speedy trial for crime victims in South Africa. The study submits that most researchers exclusively focused on the accused’s speedy trial right in criminal proceedings and did not tackle this angle, thus leaving a gap in the literature that the study intends to fill. The study submits that the implementation of this right will protect crime victims from undue delays. It will also promote equality in the criminal justice system and eradicate future undue delays in criminal proceedings. Keywords: Accused person, crime victims, speedy trial, the criminal justice system, Constitution, undue delays, and secondary victimisation. his study sought to evaluate factors affecting the quality of food provided by the school nutrition programme in Mthatha, OR Tambo Inland Education District. This was a qualitative study in the form of case study research design. Two (2) schools were conveniently selected and from these, 2 principals, 2 school nutrition coordinators, 4 food handlers and 10 learners were purposefully selected to form the sample. Thus, 18 participants were selected in total. Interviews were used to collect data. A review of literature demonstrated that the school nutrition programme was valuable and played an important role towards addressing some of challenges prevalent in South Africa due to the history of the country. The literature reviewed also highlighted challenges faced by the school nutrition programme despite its tremendous success. These are some of the findings: the school nutrition programme was successful towards improving learner punctuality and engaging in the classroom. This had the potential to improve learner health overall; however, it was observed that lack of training around food preparation and hygiene could reduce the effectiveness of the programme. The provision for appropriate storage facilities was also noted as an issue that placed the programme at risk. These are some of the recommendations: the government should provide appropriate training and proper storage facilities in schools with nutrition programme; this could contribute meaningfully towards improving the quality of food provided by the school nutrition programme. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
Are CardioVascular Diseases a Cause For Concern in People of African Ancestry?
- Nkeh-Chungag, Benedicta Ngwenchi
- Authors: Nkeh-Chungag, Benedicta Ngwenchi
- Date: 2022-00
- Subjects: Cardiovascular system--Diseases--Treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Inaugural Lecture , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8030 , vital:59356
- Description: Professor Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag’s BIO Professor Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag is a Full Professor of Physiology and Dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University. Professor Nkeh-Chungag is an NRF rated researcher, a scholar of the Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD), a Fellow of the International Hypertension Society, Deputy President and co-founder of the newly established Childhood Hypertension Consortium of South Africa, Deputy Chairperson of the South African National Committee for International Union for Physiological Sciences (ICSU-IUPS), Chairperson of the Cardiometabolic Research Niche Area – WSU and Chairperson of the Animal Research Ethic Committee. She oversees the Carrier Orientation and International Mentoring Program run by Harness Ideas Association (HIDAS).Professor Nkeh-Chungag has published extensively in the of cardiovascular research covering epidemiology and African medicinal plants. She has served as an Associate Editor for the journal Frontiers in Public Health and is on the editorial board of two journals, Bioinformatics and Clinical Interventions in Aging. She is a member of several knowledge bodies including the International Hypertension Society.As an accomplished and passionate scholar, Professor Nkeh-Chungag enjoys both national and international recognition in her field of research. Her focus on the risk for cardiovascular diseases in children of African ancestry has attracted interest and funding from both national and international organizations. Her research findings have been showcased at many scientific fora including as keynote addresses. Professor Nkeh-Chungag is married to Dr Anye Chungag and they are blessed with four boys. , Inaugural Lecture (Prefessorial) -- Faculty of Natural Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-00
- Authors: Nkeh-Chungag, Benedicta Ngwenchi
- Date: 2022-00
- Subjects: Cardiovascular system--Diseases--Treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Inaugural Lecture , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8030 , vital:59356
- Description: Professor Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag’s BIO Professor Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag is a Full Professor of Physiology and Dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University. Professor Nkeh-Chungag is an NRF rated researcher, a scholar of the Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD), a Fellow of the International Hypertension Society, Deputy President and co-founder of the newly established Childhood Hypertension Consortium of South Africa, Deputy Chairperson of the South African National Committee for International Union for Physiological Sciences (ICSU-IUPS), Chairperson of the Cardiometabolic Research Niche Area – WSU and Chairperson of the Animal Research Ethic Committee. She oversees the Carrier Orientation and International Mentoring Program run by Harness Ideas Association (HIDAS).Professor Nkeh-Chungag has published extensively in the of cardiovascular research covering epidemiology and African medicinal plants. She has served as an Associate Editor for the journal Frontiers in Public Health and is on the editorial board of two journals, Bioinformatics and Clinical Interventions in Aging. She is a member of several knowledge bodies including the International Hypertension Society.As an accomplished and passionate scholar, Professor Nkeh-Chungag enjoys both national and international recognition in her field of research. Her focus on the risk for cardiovascular diseases in children of African ancestry has attracted interest and funding from both national and international organizations. Her research findings have been showcased at many scientific fora including as keynote addresses. Professor Nkeh-Chungag is married to Dr Anye Chungag and they are blessed with four boys. , Inaugural Lecture (Prefessorial) -- Faculty of Natural Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-00
The Impact of Direct Marketing on Consumer Buying Decisions in Mthatha’s Cosmetic Industry
- Authors: Mlobothi, Lusanda
- Date: 2022-00
- Subjects: Direct Marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8010 , vital:59302
- Description: This study aimed to investigate the impact of direct marketing on consumer buying decisions in Mthatha’s cosmetic industry. Direct marketing was measured by four dimensions, namely telemarketing, magazine advertisement, door-to-door selling and television home shopping. To achieve the aim, the research study adopted a positivist paradigm which was motivated by the quantitative approach using the explanatory research design. A self-administered questionnaire was issued to 300 respondents using the snowball sampling technique. The respondents were consumers that purchase cosmetic products sold through direct marketing channels in Mthatha. The key findings of the study, under the simple linear regression, revealed that telemarketing, magazine advertisements, and television home shopping influence consumer buying decisions in Mthatha’s cosmetic industry respectively. However, door-to-door selling does not influence consumer buying decisions in Mthatha’s cosmetic industry. Under the hierarchal regression analysis, the findings revealed that direct marketing influences consumer buying decisions after controlling for the respondents’ demographic variables (educational level, age, gender, marital status, and income level) in Mthatha’s cosmetic industry respectively. Based on the findings, policymakers should assist cosmetic organisations to progress from the manufacturing stage to the commercialisation stage. They should also provide capital and resources to small businesses to up-scale the size of the organisation. Based on the findings, this study will assist direct marketers to gain more understanding of how consumers think and the stages they undergo before making a purchase of a cosmetic product. Key words: Telemarketing, door-to-door selling, consumer buying decisions, television home shopping, magazine advertisements and direct marketing. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Commerce and Administration, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-00
- Authors: Mlobothi, Lusanda
- Date: 2022-00
- Subjects: Direct Marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8010 , vital:59302
- Description: This study aimed to investigate the impact of direct marketing on consumer buying decisions in Mthatha’s cosmetic industry. Direct marketing was measured by four dimensions, namely telemarketing, magazine advertisement, door-to-door selling and television home shopping. To achieve the aim, the research study adopted a positivist paradigm which was motivated by the quantitative approach using the explanatory research design. A self-administered questionnaire was issued to 300 respondents using the snowball sampling technique. The respondents were consumers that purchase cosmetic products sold through direct marketing channels in Mthatha. The key findings of the study, under the simple linear regression, revealed that telemarketing, magazine advertisements, and television home shopping influence consumer buying decisions in Mthatha’s cosmetic industry respectively. However, door-to-door selling does not influence consumer buying decisions in Mthatha’s cosmetic industry. Under the hierarchal regression analysis, the findings revealed that direct marketing influences consumer buying decisions after controlling for the respondents’ demographic variables (educational level, age, gender, marital status, and income level) in Mthatha’s cosmetic industry respectively. Based on the findings, policymakers should assist cosmetic organisations to progress from the manufacturing stage to the commercialisation stage. They should also provide capital and resources to small businesses to up-scale the size of the organisation. Based on the findings, this study will assist direct marketers to gain more understanding of how consumers think and the stages they undergo before making a purchase of a cosmetic product. Key words: Telemarketing, door-to-door selling, consumer buying decisions, television home shopping, magazine advertisements and direct marketing. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Commerce and Administration, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-00
Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions Towards HIV Testing Among IsiXhosa-Speaking Men in The Zithulele Catchment Area of The Rural Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Scotcher, Philippa Claire
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: HIV infections
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6842 , vital:51017
- Description: BACKGROUND South Africa carries the largest burden of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the world, with over 7.9 million people infected and over 70 000 HIV-related deaths in 2019. Men are 25% more likely to die from Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) compared to women, even though women are more likely to be infected. Despite these numbers, only 24.1% of HIV-positive men compared to 64.8% of HIV-positive women were aware of their status. Statistics indicate that men in South Africa are not testing for HIV until it is too late. In order to focus efforts on the prevention of HIV transmission, there is a need to understand why men are not accessing HIV testing and treatment services earlier. This study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards HIV testing of isiXhosa-speaking men in the Zithulele catchment area of the rural Eastern Cape. METHODS This was a qualitative study using the phenomenological approach. It was conducted among a purposive sample of isiXhosa-speaking men from the Zithulele catchment area, in the OR Tambo district of the Eastern Cape Province. Ten semi-structured interviews and one focus group were conducted in isiXhosa. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed, and translated into English. The interviews were thematically analysed using an inductive approach. RESULTS Participants from the study had a good understanding of HIV and HIV transmission. They perceived HIV infection as a death sentence, a consequence of immoral behaviour and an indication of failure as man. Reluctance to test for HIV was due to the perception that testing hastens the onset of symptoms and death, whereas disclosure of an HIV-positive status was described as difficult due to the fear of stigmatization. Some of the barriers to accessing HIV testing services included masculine norms, the belief that sickness is equated with weakness, a perceived lack of confidentiality at health facilities and how female-dominated clinics were not male-friendly spaces. Suggestions to improve HIV testing among men included improving targeted education, home-based testing services and utilizing traditional meetings to address men. CONCLUSION The findings of this study may suggest that healthy men in the Zithulele catchment area of the rural Eastern Cape are not accessing HIV testing and treatment services. The reasons behind this reluctance include false beliefs around HIV and testing, the fear of discrimination, disruption of masculine norms and reluctance to access care at female-dominated health facilities. Further research is needed to explore ways to reach, educate and encourage men to test earlier for HIV. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
- Authors: Scotcher, Philippa Claire
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: HIV infections
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6842 , vital:51017
- Description: BACKGROUND South Africa carries the largest burden of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the world, with over 7.9 million people infected and over 70 000 HIV-related deaths in 2019. Men are 25% more likely to die from Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) compared to women, even though women are more likely to be infected. Despite these numbers, only 24.1% of HIV-positive men compared to 64.8% of HIV-positive women were aware of their status. Statistics indicate that men in South Africa are not testing for HIV until it is too late. In order to focus efforts on the prevention of HIV transmission, there is a need to understand why men are not accessing HIV testing and treatment services earlier. This study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards HIV testing of isiXhosa-speaking men in the Zithulele catchment area of the rural Eastern Cape. METHODS This was a qualitative study using the phenomenological approach. It was conducted among a purposive sample of isiXhosa-speaking men from the Zithulele catchment area, in the OR Tambo district of the Eastern Cape Province. Ten semi-structured interviews and one focus group were conducted in isiXhosa. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed, and translated into English. The interviews were thematically analysed using an inductive approach. RESULTS Participants from the study had a good understanding of HIV and HIV transmission. They perceived HIV infection as a death sentence, a consequence of immoral behaviour and an indication of failure as man. Reluctance to test for HIV was due to the perception that testing hastens the onset of symptoms and death, whereas disclosure of an HIV-positive status was described as difficult due to the fear of stigmatization. Some of the barriers to accessing HIV testing services included masculine norms, the belief that sickness is equated with weakness, a perceived lack of confidentiality at health facilities and how female-dominated clinics were not male-friendly spaces. Suggestions to improve HIV testing among men included improving targeted education, home-based testing services and utilizing traditional meetings to address men. CONCLUSION The findings of this study may suggest that healthy men in the Zithulele catchment area of the rural Eastern Cape are not accessing HIV testing and treatment services. The reasons behind this reluctance include false beliefs around HIV and testing, the fear of discrimination, disruption of masculine norms and reluctance to access care at female-dominated health facilities. Further research is needed to explore ways to reach, educate and encourage men to test earlier for HIV. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
A panacea for public participation during Covid-19 and beyond in Matjhabeng Local Municipality
- Authors: Mofolo, Malefetsane
- Date: 2021-08-18
- Subjects: Mthatha Research and Innovation Day , COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-
- Language: English
- Type: lecture , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6295 , vital:45356
- Description: Since the inception of Covid-19 in 2020 in South Africa and the subsequent lockdown levels that were introduced in order to mitigate the effects of this pandemic, public participation in municipalities has experienced a serious knock. Public participation forms the most important legislative principle for good governance in the South African government. While,the literature is showing that Covid-19 has affected the South African public sector in numerous ways, the tension that was created by the challenges inclined to public participation in the South African municipalities during the pandemic has not gained much attention. Apparently,communities were not even aware of the measures that were introduced to conduct public participation during this period of Covid19.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-08-18
- Authors: Mofolo, Malefetsane
- Date: 2021-08-18
- Subjects: Mthatha Research and Innovation Day , COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-
- Language: English
- Type: lecture , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6295 , vital:45356
- Description: Since the inception of Covid-19 in 2020 in South Africa and the subsequent lockdown levels that were introduced in order to mitigate the effects of this pandemic, public participation in municipalities has experienced a serious knock. Public participation forms the most important legislative principle for good governance in the South African government. While,the literature is showing that Covid-19 has affected the South African public sector in numerous ways, the tension that was created by the challenges inclined to public participation in the South African municipalities during the pandemic has not gained much attention. Apparently,communities were not even aware of the measures that were introduced to conduct public participation during this period of Covid19.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-08-18
Mthatha Research and Innovation Day: programme
- Authors: Walter Sisulu University
- Date: 2021-08-15
- Subjects: Mthatha Research and Innovation Day
- Language: English
- Type: lecture , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6267 , vital:45361
- Description: Mthatha Research and Innovation Day. Topic The Impact of the pandemic in Higher Education and Research: Challenges and possibilities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-08-15
- Authors: Walter Sisulu University
- Date: 2021-08-15
- Subjects: Mthatha Research and Innovation Day
- Language: English
- Type: lecture , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6267 , vital:45361
- Description: Mthatha Research and Innovation Day. Topic The Impact of the pandemic in Higher Education and Research: Challenges and possibilities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-08-15
The Effect of Using English as A Language of Learning and Teaching on Learner Academic Performance in Senior Phase of Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Seabela, Marcia Motlatso
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: teaching strategies
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6782 , vital:49059
- Description: The study sought to investigate the effect of using English as a language of learning and teaching on learner academic performance in the senior phase of Mthatha District, Eastern Cape Province. This study employed a mixed-method approach. The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative methods to collect data. The study was conducted in 3 semi-rural senior secondary schools that were conveniently selected. The quantitative part employed Likert-type scale questionnaires that were administered to 10 Mathematics (Math), 10 Natural Sciences (NS) and 10 Social Sciences (SS) teachers making a total of 30 teachers and a total of 30 learners from grades 8 and 9. For the qualitative part, nine (9) teachers and eighteen (18) learners from the selected schools were interviewed. The 18 teachers in three schools were observed as they taught Grade 8 and 9 learners in their respective classes. Qualitative data were, thus, gathered through interviews and observations. Quantitative data was collected using Likert-type scale questionnaires and was analysed using descriptive statistics and Microsoft Excel. The voice recorded qualitative data from the participant’s responses were transcribed and analysed manually through coding, forming categories and themes that were used for data presentation. These are some of the findings: The majority of learners do not understand English, therefore, it was difficult for them to understand the teaching and learning of the selected subjects in Senior Phase (SP) using English as the language of learning and teaching (LoLT); Although the majority of learners reported that they usually use English as a LoLT and their home language when learning the selected subjects, they still struggled to ask and answer questions in English in a classroom and during examinations; Learners who experience difficulties in learning the selected subjects through the use of English as a LoLT in SP, were taught in their home language (isiXhosa) by their teachers; English and isiXhosa, in the form of code-switching, were used when teaching the selected subjects; Inadequate teacher training and preparation made it more difficult for the learners to perform well in the selected subjects. The study recommends that: The Department of Education should conduct enough workshops to help HOD’s and teachers who teach the selected subjects to keep abreast of new developments in these subjects. These should be integrated with appropriate teaching strategies and learning and teaching support materials. Keywords: English as the language of learning and teaching, teaching strategies, learning, teaching support materials. , Thesis (D.Ed) -- Faculty of Education Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Seabela, Marcia Motlatso
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: teaching strategies
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6782 , vital:49059
- Description: The study sought to investigate the effect of using English as a language of learning and teaching on learner academic performance in the senior phase of Mthatha District, Eastern Cape Province. This study employed a mixed-method approach. The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative methods to collect data. The study was conducted in 3 semi-rural senior secondary schools that were conveniently selected. The quantitative part employed Likert-type scale questionnaires that were administered to 10 Mathematics (Math), 10 Natural Sciences (NS) and 10 Social Sciences (SS) teachers making a total of 30 teachers and a total of 30 learners from grades 8 and 9. For the qualitative part, nine (9) teachers and eighteen (18) learners from the selected schools were interviewed. The 18 teachers in three schools were observed as they taught Grade 8 and 9 learners in their respective classes. Qualitative data were, thus, gathered through interviews and observations. Quantitative data was collected using Likert-type scale questionnaires and was analysed using descriptive statistics and Microsoft Excel. The voice recorded qualitative data from the participant’s responses were transcribed and analysed manually through coding, forming categories and themes that were used for data presentation. These are some of the findings: The majority of learners do not understand English, therefore, it was difficult for them to understand the teaching and learning of the selected subjects in Senior Phase (SP) using English as the language of learning and teaching (LoLT); Although the majority of learners reported that they usually use English as a LoLT and their home language when learning the selected subjects, they still struggled to ask and answer questions in English in a classroom and during examinations; Learners who experience difficulties in learning the selected subjects through the use of English as a LoLT in SP, were taught in their home language (isiXhosa) by their teachers; English and isiXhosa, in the form of code-switching, were used when teaching the selected subjects; Inadequate teacher training and preparation made it more difficult for the learners to perform well in the selected subjects. The study recommends that: The Department of Education should conduct enough workshops to help HOD’s and teachers who teach the selected subjects to keep abreast of new developments in these subjects. These should be integrated with appropriate teaching strategies and learning and teaching support materials. Keywords: English as the language of learning and teaching, teaching strategies, learning, teaching support materials. , Thesis (D.Ed) -- Faculty of Education Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Assessing South African Medical Interns’ Experience and Confidence in Managing Obstetric Emergencies
- Authors: Miller, Andrew
- Date: 2021-02
- Subjects: Obstetrical emergencies
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6882 , vital:52352
- Description: Background: Medical doctors in South Africa are required to complete a two-year internship at training hospitals, including a four-month rotation in obstetrics and gynaecology. Following this, doctors are allocated to community service posts; many of which are at district and primary level facilities where supervision is limited. The latest triennial Saving Mothers Report identified district hospitals as the second leading site for maternal deaths of all causes. District hospital were also the leading site for maternal deaths secondary to obstetric haemorrhage and the most likely site for the lack of a skilled doctor to be identified as a factor in deaths associated with caesarean delivery. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to describe the self-perceived readiness of medical interns completing their training to independently manage obstetric emergencies, based on the ESMOE modules in the HPCSA internship logbook. The research assessed medical interns in the last three months of their training, using a self-administered online questionnaire, with data collection between October and December 2019. Cluster sampling of interns at training facilities throughout the country resulted in a total of 182 respondents from 17 hospitals in seven provinces in the country, with an overall response rate of 34.1%. Results: Most interns had experience with, and confidence in, the management of miscarriage and hypertension in pregnancy. However, gaps in labour ward management, pregnancy related sepsis and surgical skills were identified. Only 42.3% of respondents were confident in their ability to diagnose obstructed labour, 26.3% had performed an assisted delivery, 39.0% were confident in their knowledge of the indications and contraindications of assisted deliveries and 35.7% had been involved in the delivery of a baby with shoulder dystocia. Regarding pregnancy related sepsis, 54.4% had experience with managing a wound abscess and 29.7% were confident managing puerperal endometritis. While 78.0% felt confident to perform a caesarean section, only 28.6% had performed uterine compression sutures for uterine atony at caesarean section. Additionally, there was a statistically significant variation in scores between training hospitals. Conclusion: A gap exists between the shortcomings in district hospital obstetric services, the prioritisation of placement of community service doctors at primary care and district hospitals, and the self-perceived readiness of medical interns completing their training to safely manage obstetric emergencies. This highlights the importance of clinical support for junior doctors at district hospitals and standardisation of intern training at accredited facilities across the country. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-02
Assessing South African Medical Interns’ Experience and Confidence in Managing Obstetric Emergencies
- Authors: Miller, Andrew
- Date: 2021-02
- Subjects: Obstetrical emergencies
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6882 , vital:52352
- Description: Background: Medical doctors in South Africa are required to complete a two-year internship at training hospitals, including a four-month rotation in obstetrics and gynaecology. Following this, doctors are allocated to community service posts; many of which are at district and primary level facilities where supervision is limited. The latest triennial Saving Mothers Report identified district hospitals as the second leading site for maternal deaths of all causes. District hospital were also the leading site for maternal deaths secondary to obstetric haemorrhage and the most likely site for the lack of a skilled doctor to be identified as a factor in deaths associated with caesarean delivery. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to describe the self-perceived readiness of medical interns completing their training to independently manage obstetric emergencies, based on the ESMOE modules in the HPCSA internship logbook. The research assessed medical interns in the last three months of their training, using a self-administered online questionnaire, with data collection between October and December 2019. Cluster sampling of interns at training facilities throughout the country resulted in a total of 182 respondents from 17 hospitals in seven provinces in the country, with an overall response rate of 34.1%. Results: Most interns had experience with, and confidence in, the management of miscarriage and hypertension in pregnancy. However, gaps in labour ward management, pregnancy related sepsis and surgical skills were identified. Only 42.3% of respondents were confident in their ability to diagnose obstructed labour, 26.3% had performed an assisted delivery, 39.0% were confident in their knowledge of the indications and contraindications of assisted deliveries and 35.7% had been involved in the delivery of a baby with shoulder dystocia. Regarding pregnancy related sepsis, 54.4% had experience with managing a wound abscess and 29.7% were confident managing puerperal endometritis. While 78.0% felt confident to perform a caesarean section, only 28.6% had performed uterine compression sutures for uterine atony at caesarean section. Additionally, there was a statistically significant variation in scores between training hospitals. Conclusion: A gap exists between the shortcomings in district hospital obstetric services, the prioritisation of placement of community service doctors at primary care and district hospitals, and the self-perceived readiness of medical interns completing their training to safely manage obstetric emergencies. This highlights the importance of clinical support for junior doctors at district hospitals and standardisation of intern training at accredited facilities across the country. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-02
Outcomes of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Two Rural District Hospitals, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Lotz, John-D Knipe
- Date: 2021-02
- Subjects: Medicinal plants
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6834 , vital:51018
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB) is still rampant in South Africa, and drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) forms a significant part of this burden on both the health care system and economy. A number of interventions have recently been introduced to help curb the growing epidemic of DR-TB, including increasing access to novel and repurposed drugs, decentralisation of care, and a new shorter (9-11 month) treatment regimen recently endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Significantly, this new regimen has now also become injectable-free (also known as an all-oral regimen). However, at the time of implementation in 2017, the shorter regimen was yet to be proven effective in a programmatic setting in South Africa. This is a retrospective cohort study to describe the outcomes in patients on short and long DR-TB treatment regimens, over five years, at two treatment sites in a rural setting in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is the hope that elucidation of factors involved in affecting outcomes in DR-TB may direct future interventions in these two facilities, and the wider DR-TB program in South Africa , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-02
- Authors: Lotz, John-D Knipe
- Date: 2021-02
- Subjects: Medicinal plants
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6834 , vital:51018
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB) is still rampant in South Africa, and drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) forms a significant part of this burden on both the health care system and economy. A number of interventions have recently been introduced to help curb the growing epidemic of DR-TB, including increasing access to novel and repurposed drugs, decentralisation of care, and a new shorter (9-11 month) treatment regimen recently endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Significantly, this new regimen has now also become injectable-free (also known as an all-oral regimen). However, at the time of implementation in 2017, the shorter regimen was yet to be proven effective in a programmatic setting in South Africa. This is a retrospective cohort study to describe the outcomes in patients on short and long DR-TB treatment regimens, over five years, at two treatment sites in a rural setting in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is the hope that elucidation of factors involved in affecting outcomes in DR-TB may direct future interventions in these two facilities, and the wider DR-TB program in South Africa , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-02
Making sense of the unknown: a narrative analysis of COVID-19 stories as told by WSU research students
- Jayakrishnan, Lakshmi, van der Spuy, Alicia
- Authors: Jayakrishnan, Lakshmi , van der Spuy, Alicia
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Mthatha Research and Innovation Day , COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-
- Language: English
- Type: lecture , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6254 , vital:45365
- Description: The original objectives of this research was to find a research project for third year students which they could do during lockdown (National Diploma: Journalism). To find a research project for Advanced Diploma in Public Relations Management that they can do during lockdown. To introduce Year 1 Communication students to the basic principles of research through a project that they can relate to. to use the online platform for teaching and to discover people’s personal stories of their COVID-19 experiences.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Jayakrishnan, Lakshmi , van der Spuy, Alicia
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Mthatha Research and Innovation Day , COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-
- Language: English
- Type: lecture , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6254 , vital:45365
- Description: The original objectives of this research was to find a research project for third year students which they could do during lockdown (National Diploma: Journalism). To find a research project for Advanced Diploma in Public Relations Management that they can do during lockdown. To introduce Year 1 Communication students to the basic principles of research through a project that they can relate to. to use the online platform for teaching and to discover people’s personal stories of their COVID-19 experiences.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Prevalence and Implications of Telecommunication Counselling
- Authors: Lusiba, Sinazo.
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Counseling
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7554 , vital:54349
- Description: ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to explore prevalence and implications of telecommunication counselling. Available literature suggests that telecommunication counselling may have far-reaching implications in the mental health practice in general, and particularly in psychology. This study was guided by the social information processing theoretical framework. A total number of 26 mental health practitioners aged from 22 to 45 were selected using purposive sampling. In this study questionnaires were distributed to respondents through email, email was also used to collect the research data. Research ethics, such as confidentiality, anonymity, and voluntary participation, were strictly observed. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 was used to analyse the data. The analysed data are presented in frequency tables and graphs. This study found that there are effectiveness and efficiency factors associated with the use telecommunication counselling. Furthermore, the findings imply that the popularity of this type of counselling has been growing steadily in the past few years, especially in urban areas. Furthermore, despite the increase and growing popularity in the use of telecommunication counselling, the results suggest the presence of ethical dilemmas that confront the practitioners. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculy of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Lusiba, Sinazo.
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Counseling
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7554 , vital:54349
- Description: ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to explore prevalence and implications of telecommunication counselling. Available literature suggests that telecommunication counselling may have far-reaching implications in the mental health practice in general, and particularly in psychology. This study was guided by the social information processing theoretical framework. A total number of 26 mental health practitioners aged from 22 to 45 were selected using purposive sampling. In this study questionnaires were distributed to respondents through email, email was also used to collect the research data. Research ethics, such as confidentiality, anonymity, and voluntary participation, were strictly observed. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 was used to analyse the data. The analysed data are presented in frequency tables and graphs. This study found that there are effectiveness and efficiency factors associated with the use telecommunication counselling. Furthermore, the findings imply that the popularity of this type of counselling has been growing steadily in the past few years, especially in urban areas. Furthermore, despite the increase and growing popularity in the use of telecommunication counselling, the results suggest the presence of ethical dilemmas that confront the practitioners. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculy of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Re-thinking freedom: selected Life-Writings of South African Born-frees
- Authors: Mpendulo, Mashumi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Born-Frees , Freedom of expression , Post-apartheid era -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3400 , vital:43339
- Description: Ideas of freedom in post-apartheid South Africa cannot be understood in isolation from the lived experiences of the people we often consider as the future of South Africa. Freedom is a time-bound value whose meaning keeps changing as time goes by, and our understanding of freedom before 1994 cannot be the same as today. With close reference to the selected life writings of South African born-frees, this study examines ideas of freedom as expressed in these texts written from the perspectives of ordinary young black people in post-apartheid South Africa. It unpacks the youth’s rejection of the tag ‘born-free’ by bringing out the difficulties of their upbringing in poverty and inequality. This work argues that poverty, inequality, unemployment, and dilapidated infrastructure in public schools are still very much a feature of post-apartheid South Africa, and that the government is yet to fully transform the lives of ordinary black people who much as they try to do so themselves, are still faced with structural inequalities, physical and symbolic violence. Through decolonial theory, the selected texts are analysed to trace the legacies of colonialism and apartheid and how notions of freedom have changed over time. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Mpendulo, Mashumi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Born-Frees , Freedom of expression , Post-apartheid era -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3400 , vital:43339
- Description: Ideas of freedom in post-apartheid South Africa cannot be understood in isolation from the lived experiences of the people we often consider as the future of South Africa. Freedom is a time-bound value whose meaning keeps changing as time goes by, and our understanding of freedom before 1994 cannot be the same as today. With close reference to the selected life writings of South African born-frees, this study examines ideas of freedom as expressed in these texts written from the perspectives of ordinary young black people in post-apartheid South Africa. It unpacks the youth’s rejection of the tag ‘born-free’ by bringing out the difficulties of their upbringing in poverty and inequality. This work argues that poverty, inequality, unemployment, and dilapidated infrastructure in public schools are still very much a feature of post-apartheid South Africa, and that the government is yet to fully transform the lives of ordinary black people who much as they try to do so themselves, are still faced with structural inequalities, physical and symbolic violence. Through decolonial theory, the selected texts are analysed to trace the legacies of colonialism and apartheid and how notions of freedom have changed over time. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
The impact of poverty reduction strategies during COVID-19 in South Africa
- Authors: Maxwell, Sentiwe
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Poverty , Service delivery
- Language: English
- Type: lecture , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6307 , vital:45366
- Description: This article focuses on investigating the impact of poverty reduction strategies during Covid 19 in improving the quality of lives of the people in our local municipalities, in relation to interventions that have been implemented by the South African government to address poverty. The purpose of the article is to understand the situation in our municipalities and come up with recommendations that will assist government to enhance delivery of poverty reduction strategy in order to improve the quality of life of the rural poor communities. The findings on this article show that; whilst significant progress has been made to address poverty through policy and legal frameworks and through implementation of poverty reduction strategies and programmes, there is a general consensus in literature that poverty is still widespread in South Africa and that activities put in place to reduce and eradicate it are not sufficiently translating into required outputs necessary for desired outcomes which ultimately impact on poverty. The study has identified the gaps that exist in service delivery as well as the challenges faced by government in effectively impacting on poverty through its poverty reduction programmes. Based on the findings the study has made recommendations that will assist government to enhance service delivery so that poverty reduction strategies are conducted in an effective and efficient, integrated and coordinated manner which will cause government to achieve its desired outcomes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Maxwell, Sentiwe
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Poverty , Service delivery
- Language: English
- Type: lecture , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6307 , vital:45366
- Description: This article focuses on investigating the impact of poverty reduction strategies during Covid 19 in improving the quality of lives of the people in our local municipalities, in relation to interventions that have been implemented by the South African government to address poverty. The purpose of the article is to understand the situation in our municipalities and come up with recommendations that will assist government to enhance delivery of poverty reduction strategy in order to improve the quality of life of the rural poor communities. The findings on this article show that; whilst significant progress has been made to address poverty through policy and legal frameworks and through implementation of poverty reduction strategies and programmes, there is a general consensus in literature that poverty is still widespread in South Africa and that activities put in place to reduce and eradicate it are not sufficiently translating into required outputs necessary for desired outcomes which ultimately impact on poverty. The study has identified the gaps that exist in service delivery as well as the challenges faced by government in effectively impacting on poverty through its poverty reduction programmes. Based on the findings the study has made recommendations that will assist government to enhance service delivery so that poverty reduction strategies are conducted in an effective and efficient, integrated and coordinated manner which will cause government to achieve its desired outcomes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
An Investigation on the Clinical Experiences of Newly Qualified Professional Nurses in Hospital Facilities of the Alfred Nzo District Municipality in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Hloba, Siyathemba Prince
- Date: 2021-00
- Subjects: Nurse practitioners
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7942 , vital:55856
- Description: The study aimed to explore and describe the clinical experiences of newly qualified professional nurses in hospital facilities of the Alfred Nzo District Municipality in the Eastern Cape. The newly qualified professional nurses may face difficulties in the hospital facilities when it comes to the execution of duties. The newly qualified professional nurses are expected to display knowledge, skills and to have a positive effect on patients, the relatives of patients and their colleagues to alleviate diseases. This challenge may create emotional distress if newly qualified professional nurses receive inadequate guidance from the senior staff members of the hospital facility. The objectives of this study were to explore and describe the clinical experiences of newly qualified professional nurses, to explore how the newly qualified professional nurses were affected emotionally by clinical experiences and to explore the support system to enhance the performance of the newly qualified professional nurses. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design was used to explore and describe the experiences of the newly qualified professional nurses in hospital facilities of the Alfred Nzo District Municipality in the Eastern Cape. A purposive sampling of newly qualified professional nurses, with less than two years of experience after completing the community service in the clinical practice, was used. The data were collected through face-to-face and semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted until the data were saturated. A pilot study was done before the main study to prove the adequacy and suitability of the methods to conduct the main study. The participants‟ interviews and results of the pilot study were incorporated into the interviews and results of the main study. Tesch‟s method of thematic analysis and an independent coder were used to analyse the data and to draw meaning from the content. The study used Guba and Lincoln‟s criteria of measures to ensure trustworthiness, which included credibility, confirmability, dependability and transferability. Ethical standards were maintained throughout the study as the researcher complied with ethical principles, namely, respect for persons, beneficence, justice and autonomy. The key considerations to curb the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, as stipulated by the World Health Organisation, were followed during the data collection. On data interpretation, three themes were developed with eight subthemes on the first theme, two subthemes on the second theme and three subthemes on the third theme. The research findings revealed that the participants experienced negative attitudes from colleagues and multidisciplinary team members. The shortage of staff and resources made participants feel ineffective in their work environment. Clinical exposure to different units and procedures in various units added value to the development of the participants. The recommendations were made with regards to three divisions. They were the hospital facilities‟ personnel, future nursing research personnel and nursing schools personnel. In hospital facilities, the recommendations included that all novice professional nurses should be made aware of the emotional impact at work. An annual plan for workshops and in-service training should be implemented. Professional counselling is required for the novice professionals who were exposed to Covid-19 isolation units. A need to increase staff coverage in the clinical units was identified as the workload is too big. Management is encouraged to be more sensitive about the newly employed nurses‟ challenges in their facilities and the most experienced nurses are encouraged to mentor and coach the novice nurses. In the future nursing research, recommendations included that more studies need to be conducted in South Africa and the Eastern Cape province to verify the findings of this research. A specific research study that will focus on the supportive needs of nurses in clinical facilities should be done institutionally to provide evidence-based practice. The research culture on the nurses‟ experiences in clinical facilities needs to become a norm. In nursing schools, the recommendations motivated that the nursing students should be exposed to all clinical units before completing the training xiv course. Further studies need to be conducted to evaluate the balance between theory and clinical learning on duly performance. The nursing education institutions should use quality improvement suggestion boxes for students to consider their experiences and opinions about their learning. Key words : clinical experiences, newly qualified professional nurses, Alfred Nzo district municipalities , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-00
- Authors: Hloba, Siyathemba Prince
- Date: 2021-00
- Subjects: Nurse practitioners
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7942 , vital:55856
- Description: The study aimed to explore and describe the clinical experiences of newly qualified professional nurses in hospital facilities of the Alfred Nzo District Municipality in the Eastern Cape. The newly qualified professional nurses may face difficulties in the hospital facilities when it comes to the execution of duties. The newly qualified professional nurses are expected to display knowledge, skills and to have a positive effect on patients, the relatives of patients and their colleagues to alleviate diseases. This challenge may create emotional distress if newly qualified professional nurses receive inadequate guidance from the senior staff members of the hospital facility. The objectives of this study were to explore and describe the clinical experiences of newly qualified professional nurses, to explore how the newly qualified professional nurses were affected emotionally by clinical experiences and to explore the support system to enhance the performance of the newly qualified professional nurses. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design was used to explore and describe the experiences of the newly qualified professional nurses in hospital facilities of the Alfred Nzo District Municipality in the Eastern Cape. A purposive sampling of newly qualified professional nurses, with less than two years of experience after completing the community service in the clinical practice, was used. The data were collected through face-to-face and semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted until the data were saturated. A pilot study was done before the main study to prove the adequacy and suitability of the methods to conduct the main study. The participants‟ interviews and results of the pilot study were incorporated into the interviews and results of the main study. Tesch‟s method of thematic analysis and an independent coder were used to analyse the data and to draw meaning from the content. The study used Guba and Lincoln‟s criteria of measures to ensure trustworthiness, which included credibility, confirmability, dependability and transferability. Ethical standards were maintained throughout the study as the researcher complied with ethical principles, namely, respect for persons, beneficence, justice and autonomy. The key considerations to curb the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, as stipulated by the World Health Organisation, were followed during the data collection. On data interpretation, three themes were developed with eight subthemes on the first theme, two subthemes on the second theme and three subthemes on the third theme. The research findings revealed that the participants experienced negative attitudes from colleagues and multidisciplinary team members. The shortage of staff and resources made participants feel ineffective in their work environment. Clinical exposure to different units and procedures in various units added value to the development of the participants. The recommendations were made with regards to three divisions. They were the hospital facilities‟ personnel, future nursing research personnel and nursing schools personnel. In hospital facilities, the recommendations included that all novice professional nurses should be made aware of the emotional impact at work. An annual plan for workshops and in-service training should be implemented. Professional counselling is required for the novice professionals who were exposed to Covid-19 isolation units. A need to increase staff coverage in the clinical units was identified as the workload is too big. Management is encouraged to be more sensitive about the newly employed nurses‟ challenges in their facilities and the most experienced nurses are encouraged to mentor and coach the novice nurses. In the future nursing research, recommendations included that more studies need to be conducted in South Africa and the Eastern Cape province to verify the findings of this research. A specific research study that will focus on the supportive needs of nurses in clinical facilities should be done institutionally to provide evidence-based practice. The research culture on the nurses‟ experiences in clinical facilities needs to become a norm. In nursing schools, the recommendations motivated that the nursing students should be exposed to all clinical units before completing the training xiv course. Further studies need to be conducted to evaluate the balance between theory and clinical learning on duly performance. The nursing education institutions should use quality improvement suggestion boxes for students to consider their experiences and opinions about their learning. Key words : clinical experiences, newly qualified professional nurses, Alfred Nzo district municipalities , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-00
Experiences of Homophobia by the Lesbians, Gays, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex and Asexual Students in Selected Institutions of Higher Learning in OR Tambo District Municipality, Eastern Cape Province.
- Authors: Luvo , Kasa
- Date: 2021-00
- Subjects: Sex
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7950 , vital:57232
- Description: Sexuality remains one of the most misinterpreted and misunderstood social concepts. The societal norms have had a role to play. The identification and acceptance of heterosexuality as the only sexual practice has created some misconceptions. Furthermore, the role played by religion has a tremendous influence on how people views sexuality. However, the aim of the study is to investigate the experiences of the LGBTQIA society with special reference to students residing in the OR Tambo district municipality. Social Constructionism and Five Faces of Oppression are theories that underpinned this study. Furthermore, the nature of this research is descriptive and explorative and the methodology utilized in this study correlates to the mentioned research design. Therefore, qualitative research method was adopted in this study. A sample of 15 participants was utilized, and Non-probability sampling procedure was used through snowball sampling. An in-depth interview guide was used for data collection and thematic analysis approach was utilized for the analysis. Findings of the study suggests that there is rife homophobia in the IHL; the students subscribing to heteronormativity have been threatening those who were homosexuals and/or aligning with the LGBTQIA community with physical assault. It further found that they showed resilience and consistency when it came to academic performance. This, they attributed to their urge to “prove the naysers wrong” as they have been told that they will never make it in life because of their sexuality. The study recommends that the university should engage external stakeholders on the decriminalization of homosexuality and that the university should protect their students from all sort of harm. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-00
- Authors: Luvo , Kasa
- Date: 2021-00
- Subjects: Sex
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7950 , vital:57232
- Description: Sexuality remains one of the most misinterpreted and misunderstood social concepts. The societal norms have had a role to play. The identification and acceptance of heterosexuality as the only sexual practice has created some misconceptions. Furthermore, the role played by religion has a tremendous influence on how people views sexuality. However, the aim of the study is to investigate the experiences of the LGBTQIA society with special reference to students residing in the OR Tambo district municipality. Social Constructionism and Five Faces of Oppression are theories that underpinned this study. Furthermore, the nature of this research is descriptive and explorative and the methodology utilized in this study correlates to the mentioned research design. Therefore, qualitative research method was adopted in this study. A sample of 15 participants was utilized, and Non-probability sampling procedure was used through snowball sampling. An in-depth interview guide was used for data collection and thematic analysis approach was utilized for the analysis. Findings of the study suggests that there is rife homophobia in the IHL; the students subscribing to heteronormativity have been threatening those who were homosexuals and/or aligning with the LGBTQIA community with physical assault. It further found that they showed resilience and consistency when it came to academic performance. This, they attributed to their urge to “prove the naysers wrong” as they have been told that they will never make it in life because of their sexuality. The study recommends that the university should engage external stakeholders on the decriminalization of homosexuality and that the university should protect their students from all sort of harm. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-00
Investigating the key performance factors in circumventing the effects of sanctions imposed by the gulf cooperation council (gcc). A case study of qatar airways (2016-2020)
- Authors: Mutebuka , Tonderai
- Date: 2021-00
- Subjects: Industry 4.0 , Airport authorities , Aviation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's/Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6457 , vital:46285
- Description: The study aimed to investigate the key performance factors in circumventing the effects of sanctions imposed by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) on Qatar. A case study of Qatar Airways (2016-2020) in the form of desktop analysis/document review coupled with observation was carried out. Effects of sanctions identified included the closure of air corridors, increased operational costs, and in-access to services from certain insurance companies and travel agencies. From the results, management was observed to have implemented the following measures to caution the airlines from the effects of sanctions: close monitoring of flights, integration of all operations activities, network expansion, effective marketing, continued engagement with the sanction imposers, consistency in terms of management action and the messages communicated and fighting sanctions legally through the courts. Key Success Factors (KSFs) were extracted from these management initiatives credited with the continued success of Qatar Airways which included marketing, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), service quality, marketing, security, resources availability, technology, synergies, diversification, and government support. From the management initiatives, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) were also extracted which acted as barometers to indicate the progress being made by implementation of these management initiatives in the fight against sanctions. These included accolades, passengers/cargo, fleet size, revenue, employees, and crisis indicators. These findings from the study can be used by other airlines that may find themselves under sanctions. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce and Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-00
- Authors: Mutebuka , Tonderai
- Date: 2021-00
- Subjects: Industry 4.0 , Airport authorities , Aviation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's/Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6457 , vital:46285
- Description: The study aimed to investigate the key performance factors in circumventing the effects of sanctions imposed by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) on Qatar. A case study of Qatar Airways (2016-2020) in the form of desktop analysis/document review coupled with observation was carried out. Effects of sanctions identified included the closure of air corridors, increased operational costs, and in-access to services from certain insurance companies and travel agencies. From the results, management was observed to have implemented the following measures to caution the airlines from the effects of sanctions: close monitoring of flights, integration of all operations activities, network expansion, effective marketing, continued engagement with the sanction imposers, consistency in terms of management action and the messages communicated and fighting sanctions legally through the courts. Key Success Factors (KSFs) were extracted from these management initiatives credited with the continued success of Qatar Airways which included marketing, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), service quality, marketing, security, resources availability, technology, synergies, diversification, and government support. From the management initiatives, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) were also extracted which acted as barometers to indicate the progress being made by implementation of these management initiatives in the fight against sanctions. These included accolades, passengers/cargo, fleet size, revenue, employees, and crisis indicators. These findings from the study can be used by other airlines that may find themselves under sanctions. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce and Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-00