A microstructural kinematic study of selected shear zones in the Hartbees River Thrust Belt, northeastern Namaqua Tectonic Province
- Authors: Jackson, Christopher
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Metamorphic rocks -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Mylonite -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Geology -- South Africa -- Northern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4976 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005588 , Metamorphic rocks -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Mylonite -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Geology -- South Africa -- Northern Cape
- Description: The Hartbees River Thrust Belt (HRTS) is a 40-60 km wide, southwest-vergent zone of complex structure, lithostratigraphy and high-grade metamorphism in the northeastern part of the mid-Proterozoic Namaqua Tectonic Province. The HRTS comprises the boundary zone separating the Bushmanland and Gordonia Subprovinces of the Namaqua Province. A knowledge of the movement histories of major ductile shear zones within the HRTS is fundamental to understanding the tectonic development of the belt, and Namaqua tectogenesis as a whole. In spite of this, no detailed microstructural kinematic studies have been attempted and the movement histories and age relationships of these shear zones have not been described in detail. This thesis represents a detailed microstructural kinematic study of a representative suite of orientated samples of mylonitic rocks, collected from five ductile shear zones within the HRTS. These shear zones include the Neusspruit Lineament, the Kakamas shear zone (KSZ), the Hugosput shear system (HSS), the Rozynenbosch-Ganzenmond shear zone (RGSZ) and the Graafwater shear system (GSS). Accepted modern methods of microstructural kinematic analysis were applied to samples of mylonite from these shear zones, in order to determine the precise orientation of the kinematic vectors, and the sense and relative ages of movements on each of the shear zones. Shear sense criteria, including composite SoC planar fabrics and shear band foliations, asymmetrical porphyroclast systems, mica-fish, oblique grain-shape and subgrain fabrics, asymmetrical microfolds, and the displacement of fractured rigid grains, together with a well-developed mylonite elongation lineation, conclusively indicate that SSW-directed thrusting occurred along the HSS, RGSZ, GSS and possibly along the Neusspruit Lineament, while normal, top-to-NE movements occurred on the Neusspruit Lineament, KSZ and HSS. Rare transposition criteria, and textural and paragenetic contrasts between syn-kinematic fabrics, strongly suggest that the phase of normal, top-to-NE movement seen in the northeastern HRTS shear zones is younger than the more widespread top-to-SW thrusting event. On the basis of mesoscopic structural criteria, SSW-directed thrusting is correlated with the D₂ deformation event in the HRTS. The mylonite zones have been refolded by ENE-SSW trending F₃ crossfolds, whose demonstrated coaxial relationship to the mylonite elongation lineation precluded reorientation of primary kinematic vectors. In the southwestern HRTS, primary thrust vectors have been reoriented by right-lateral, strike-slip shearing adjacent to the Pofadder Lineament during D₄. Simple shear dispersion of mylonite lineations related to normal movement, suggests that they too have been modified by D₄ shearing, and this constrains the timing of extensional movements to post-D₂ and pre- or syn-D₄. Syn-kinematic mineral assemblages, rheological criteria and the annealing states of the mylonites, provide insight into the thermotectonic evolution of the shear zones. A model is proposed in which the movement histories of shear zones within the HRTS are explained in terms of a typical orogenic cycle, involving crustal thickening by thrusting during a compressional orogenic phase, followed by collapse of the thickened crust during an extensional taphrogenic phase.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Jackson, Christopher
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Metamorphic rocks -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Mylonite -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Geology -- South Africa -- Northern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4976 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005588 , Metamorphic rocks -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Mylonite -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Geology -- South Africa -- Northern Cape
- Description: The Hartbees River Thrust Belt (HRTS) is a 40-60 km wide, southwest-vergent zone of complex structure, lithostratigraphy and high-grade metamorphism in the northeastern part of the mid-Proterozoic Namaqua Tectonic Province. The HRTS comprises the boundary zone separating the Bushmanland and Gordonia Subprovinces of the Namaqua Province. A knowledge of the movement histories of major ductile shear zones within the HRTS is fundamental to understanding the tectonic development of the belt, and Namaqua tectogenesis as a whole. In spite of this, no detailed microstructural kinematic studies have been attempted and the movement histories and age relationships of these shear zones have not been described in detail. This thesis represents a detailed microstructural kinematic study of a representative suite of orientated samples of mylonitic rocks, collected from five ductile shear zones within the HRTS. These shear zones include the Neusspruit Lineament, the Kakamas shear zone (KSZ), the Hugosput shear system (HSS), the Rozynenbosch-Ganzenmond shear zone (RGSZ) and the Graafwater shear system (GSS). Accepted modern methods of microstructural kinematic analysis were applied to samples of mylonite from these shear zones, in order to determine the precise orientation of the kinematic vectors, and the sense and relative ages of movements on each of the shear zones. Shear sense criteria, including composite SoC planar fabrics and shear band foliations, asymmetrical porphyroclast systems, mica-fish, oblique grain-shape and subgrain fabrics, asymmetrical microfolds, and the displacement of fractured rigid grains, together with a well-developed mylonite elongation lineation, conclusively indicate that SSW-directed thrusting occurred along the HSS, RGSZ, GSS and possibly along the Neusspruit Lineament, while normal, top-to-NE movements occurred on the Neusspruit Lineament, KSZ and HSS. Rare transposition criteria, and textural and paragenetic contrasts between syn-kinematic fabrics, strongly suggest that the phase of normal, top-to-NE movement seen in the northeastern HRTS shear zones is younger than the more widespread top-to-SW thrusting event. On the basis of mesoscopic structural criteria, SSW-directed thrusting is correlated with the D₂ deformation event in the HRTS. The mylonite zones have been refolded by ENE-SSW trending F₃ crossfolds, whose demonstrated coaxial relationship to the mylonite elongation lineation precluded reorientation of primary kinematic vectors. In the southwestern HRTS, primary thrust vectors have been reoriented by right-lateral, strike-slip shearing adjacent to the Pofadder Lineament during D₄. Simple shear dispersion of mylonite lineations related to normal movement, suggests that they too have been modified by D₄ shearing, and this constrains the timing of extensional movements to post-D₂ and pre- or syn-D₄. Syn-kinematic mineral assemblages, rheological criteria and the annealing states of the mylonites, provide insight into the thermotectonic evolution of the shear zones. A model is proposed in which the movement histories of shear zones within the HRTS are explained in terms of a typical orogenic cycle, involving crustal thickening by thrusting during a compressional orogenic phase, followed by collapse of the thickened crust during an extensional taphrogenic phase.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
A polarimetric method for collagenase activity measurement
- Brüning, Adrian Rudolf Nicolaus Ernst
- Authors: Brüning, Adrian Rudolf Nicolaus Ernst
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Collagenases -- Research , Hides and skins -- Preservation -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4052 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004113 , Collagenases -- Research , Hides and skins -- Preservation -- Research
- Description: A polarimetric method for monitoring the rate of soluble collagen breakdown by collagenase enzyme action has been developed. The method represents an extension of previous physicochemical techniques based on viscometry, but is simpler and easier to carry out, particularly in the case of reaction rate studies. The method was developed arising from reports of collagenase activity measurement on inappropriate substrates such as gelatin, modified collagens and synthetic polypeptides. The optical method depends on measurement of the loss in optical rotation in solutions of soluble calfskin collagen resulting from initial enzymic cleavage of the collagen trip1e-helix, followed by spontaneous unwinding of the resultant unstable helical fragments. Specific assay conditions were chosen to ensure that the loss in optical rotation following enzymic cleavage was rapid and complete. The method is specific since in the absence of collagenase, non-specific proteinases produce only a limited decrease in solution optical activity. The method has also been compared with established physicochemical assay techniques and compares favourably with both viscometric and titrimetric collagenase assays. The availability of a rapid, sensitive and quantitative procedure for measurement of collagenase activity provides a convenient means for detecting the presence of collagenase in solution and examination of hide bacterial cultures for collagenase production. In addition, a study of biocidal compounds of potential interest in hide preservation for possible inhibitory effects on collagenase is conveniently carried out with the method. Fundamental research into synergistic action in enzymic hydrolysis of collagen is now possible, providing valuable insight into the mechanism of raw hide biodeterioration.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Brüning, Adrian Rudolf Nicolaus Ernst
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Collagenases -- Research , Hides and skins -- Preservation -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4052 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004113 , Collagenases -- Research , Hides and skins -- Preservation -- Research
- Description: A polarimetric method for monitoring the rate of soluble collagen breakdown by collagenase enzyme action has been developed. The method represents an extension of previous physicochemical techniques based on viscometry, but is simpler and easier to carry out, particularly in the case of reaction rate studies. The method was developed arising from reports of collagenase activity measurement on inappropriate substrates such as gelatin, modified collagens and synthetic polypeptides. The optical method depends on measurement of the loss in optical rotation in solutions of soluble calfskin collagen resulting from initial enzymic cleavage of the collagen trip1e-helix, followed by spontaneous unwinding of the resultant unstable helical fragments. Specific assay conditions were chosen to ensure that the loss in optical rotation following enzymic cleavage was rapid and complete. The method is specific since in the absence of collagenase, non-specific proteinases produce only a limited decrease in solution optical activity. The method has also been compared with established physicochemical assay techniques and compares favourably with both viscometric and titrimetric collagenase assays. The availability of a rapid, sensitive and quantitative procedure for measurement of collagenase activity provides a convenient means for detecting the presence of collagenase in solution and examination of hide bacterial cultures for collagenase production. In addition, a study of biocidal compounds of potential interest in hide preservation for possible inhibitory effects on collagenase is conveniently carried out with the method. Fundamental research into synergistic action in enzymic hydrolysis of collagen is now possible, providing valuable insight into the mechanism of raw hide biodeterioration.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
A rhetorical analysis of 1 Timothy 2:9-15 with a special focus on the role of women in the church
- Authors: Williams, Allan Alexander
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Bible -- Criticism, interpretation, etc. , Women in the Bible , Women in Christianity -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600 , Women in Christianity , Sexism in religion
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTh
- Identifier: vital:1299 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015721
- Description: This thesis investigates the role of women in the early church as portrayed in 1 Timothy 2:9-15 using the recently-developed method of Rhetorical Analysis. It makes use of a rhetorical approach largely based on the method proposed by Kennedy, supplemented by insights from scholars who have emphasised the argumentative element in rhetoric. This method illustrates how the role of women in the church is decisively determined by the argument in the letter as a whole. A brief survey of classical rhetoric is given. The typical structure of a rhetorical discourse is listed with its component sections. The validity of using rhetorical analysis as a means for interpreting New Testament texts is justified. Textual units are identified from the structure of the text. Rhetorical insights are used to explain how the identified units cohere within the overall structure of the letter and how they relate to one another and interact. The thesis is developed that the section on women and teaching can only be meaningfully investigated in the light of the text as a whole and of the motifs in the letter. The thesis has a special focus on 2:9-15. This section is analysed in more detail than the rest of the text with the exception of 1 Timothy 1. As exordium, the latter provides the introduction to the situation dealt with in the letter, introduces the case, and sets the tone for the rest of the letter. The persuasive power of rhetoric in any situation depends to a large extent on its use of common tradition. The socio-cultural setting of the author is consequently analysed. Finally, the role of women in Graeco-Roman society is analysed in terms of motifs found in 1 Timothy 2:9-15.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Williams, Allan Alexander
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Bible -- Criticism, interpretation, etc. , Women in the Bible , Women in Christianity -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600 , Women in Christianity , Sexism in religion
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTh
- Identifier: vital:1299 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015721
- Description: This thesis investigates the role of women in the early church as portrayed in 1 Timothy 2:9-15 using the recently-developed method of Rhetorical Analysis. It makes use of a rhetorical approach largely based on the method proposed by Kennedy, supplemented by insights from scholars who have emphasised the argumentative element in rhetoric. This method illustrates how the role of women in the church is decisively determined by the argument in the letter as a whole. A brief survey of classical rhetoric is given. The typical structure of a rhetorical discourse is listed with its component sections. The validity of using rhetorical analysis as a means for interpreting New Testament texts is justified. Textual units are identified from the structure of the text. Rhetorical insights are used to explain how the identified units cohere within the overall structure of the letter and how they relate to one another and interact. The thesis is developed that the section on women and teaching can only be meaningfully investigated in the light of the text as a whole and of the motifs in the letter. The thesis has a special focus on 2:9-15. This section is analysed in more detail than the rest of the text with the exception of 1 Timothy 1. As exordium, the latter provides the introduction to the situation dealt with in the letter, introduces the case, and sets the tone for the rest of the letter. The persuasive power of rhetoric in any situation depends to a large extent on its use of common tradition. The socio-cultural setting of the author is consequently analysed. Finally, the role of women in Graeco-Roman society is analysed in terms of motifs found in 1 Timothy 2:9-15.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
A strategic perspective - Negotiations
- ANC
- Authors: ANC
- Date: Nov 1992
- Subjects: African National Congress (ANC)
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149099 , vital:38804
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: Nov 1992
- Authors: ANC
- Date: Nov 1992
- Subjects: African National Congress (ANC)
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149099 , vital:38804
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: Nov 1992
A strategy for promoting computer literacy in staff and students of a teacher training institution : a case study
- Authors: Keep, Joan Diane
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Computer literacy Computer-assisted instruction Teachers -- Training of -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1773 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003658
- Description: A case study carried out at Edgewood College of Education (Natal) attempted to demonstrate how in-house training could provide staff with the necessary computer literacy skills to integrate computer technology into lecturing and teaching programmes. The duration of the project was six months and during this time a group of thirty academic staff members were exposed to computer technology via practical experience, lectures and demonstrations. The results gleaned from the project show that most of the staff involved in the project developed sufficient computer skills to be of benefit in their professional and personal tasks. In addition the recognition of the value of word processing and desk top publishing led to the staff encouraging students to use these software packages in the preparation of coursework. Consequently the use of the computer resources increased noticeably in the six month period. One of the goals of the study was to show how staff, once computer literate, would make use of generic software to integrate computer technology into their lecturing programmes. This did not happen and the reasons for this failure are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Keep, Joan Diane
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Computer literacy Computer-assisted instruction Teachers -- Training of -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1773 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003658
- Description: A case study carried out at Edgewood College of Education (Natal) attempted to demonstrate how in-house training could provide staff with the necessary computer literacy skills to integrate computer technology into lecturing and teaching programmes. The duration of the project was six months and during this time a group of thirty academic staff members were exposed to computer technology via practical experience, lectures and demonstrations. The results gleaned from the project show that most of the staff involved in the project developed sufficient computer skills to be of benefit in their professional and personal tasks. In addition the recognition of the value of word processing and desk top publishing led to the staff encouraging students to use these software packages in the preparation of coursework. Consequently the use of the computer resources increased noticeably in the six month period. One of the goals of the study was to show how staff, once computer literate, would make use of generic software to integrate computer technology into their lecturing programmes. This did not happen and the reasons for this failure are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
A study of Ngugi wa Thiong'o's later novels to assess his adaptation of dramatic techniques and Gikuyu oral traditions to the requirements of fiction
- Authors: Erapu, Laban Omella
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Ngũgĩ wa Thiongʼo, 1938- Folk literature, Kikuyu Oral tradition -- Kenya
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2235 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002278
- Description: This thesis examines Ngugi wa Thiong'o's later writings in order to establish the nature of his quest for a people's literature. It illustrates how the author attempts to break the barriers between traditional oral forms and the relatively new written forms in addressing a basically "illiterate" audience. The research begins with an exploration of Gikuyu oral literature as an essential background to Ngugi's later dramatic and fictional writings as distinct from his earlier literary works in which he initiates the dominant quest for a more just society. Ngugi's return to these roots constitutes the central "homecoming" that characterizes his search for new forms. The analysis is conducted through three significant chronological stages representing Ngugi's writings over a period of about a decade from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. Each stage starts with a play and performance followed by a parallel novel, the first pair written in English and the subsequent ones in Gikuyu. The three stages - designated Transition, Homecoming and Realization - mark Ngugi's involvement in the promotion of Gikuyu culture and orature, both as a source of inspiration and as a cause to which he fully dedicates himself. The transitional stage depicts the convergence between conventional and traditional oral literary forms with which Ngugi begins to experiment. The second stage introduces significant departures as Ngugi begins to use the Gikuyu language as his primary medium of creative expression. The final stage demonstrates his ultimate assertion of the primacy of orality over the written word as a dynamic agent of transmission. The thesis concludes that Ngugi wa Thiong'o in these later works - while leaving the possibilities of his vision of a "New Earth" unfulfilled pioneers the African writers' climb down from an "ivory tower" to deal with the realities of the experience of the predominantly non-reading African masses, acknowledged as both recipients of and active participants in the relatively new written literature which purports to speak for their experiences and their times.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Erapu, Laban Omella
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Ngũgĩ wa Thiongʼo, 1938- Folk literature, Kikuyu Oral tradition -- Kenya
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2235 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002278
- Description: This thesis examines Ngugi wa Thiong'o's later writings in order to establish the nature of his quest for a people's literature. It illustrates how the author attempts to break the barriers between traditional oral forms and the relatively new written forms in addressing a basically "illiterate" audience. The research begins with an exploration of Gikuyu oral literature as an essential background to Ngugi's later dramatic and fictional writings as distinct from his earlier literary works in which he initiates the dominant quest for a more just society. Ngugi's return to these roots constitutes the central "homecoming" that characterizes his search for new forms. The analysis is conducted through three significant chronological stages representing Ngugi's writings over a period of about a decade from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. Each stage starts with a play and performance followed by a parallel novel, the first pair written in English and the subsequent ones in Gikuyu. The three stages - designated Transition, Homecoming and Realization - mark Ngugi's involvement in the promotion of Gikuyu culture and orature, both as a source of inspiration and as a cause to which he fully dedicates himself. The transitional stage depicts the convergence between conventional and traditional oral literary forms with which Ngugi begins to experiment. The second stage introduces significant departures as Ngugi begins to use the Gikuyu language as his primary medium of creative expression. The final stage demonstrates his ultimate assertion of the primacy of orality over the written word as a dynamic agent of transmission. The thesis concludes that Ngugi wa Thiong'o in these later works - while leaving the possibilities of his vision of a "New Earth" unfulfilled pioneers the African writers' climb down from an "ivory tower" to deal with the realities of the experience of the predominantly non-reading African masses, acknowledged as both recipients of and active participants in the relatively new written literature which purports to speak for their experiences and their times.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
A study of Oliver Messiaen's song-cycles Poèms pour mi, Chants de terre et de ciel, and Harawi
- Authors: Donkin, Deborah Jean
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Messiaen, Olivier, 1908-1992 Song cycles--Interpretation (Phrasing, dynamics, etc.)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:2635 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002300
- Description: This thesis ventures into the relatively neglected world of twentieth century vocal music, via the three song cycles of Oliver Messiaen. The song cycle is a comparatively young genre, generally dated from Beethoven's An die ferne Geliebte or by some, even later to Schubert's Die schone Miillerin. Nevertheless, considerable changes have taken place in the 160 years which separate Messiaen's cycles from those of the 'pioneers' mentioned above. A fuller appreciation of twentieth century cycles is facilitated by observing this evolutionary process and placing the works within an historical and cultural perspective. Such an introduction is provided in part one of this thesis, along with relevant details on the life and interests of Messiaen. The latter information gives insight into the compositions themselves and may satisfy the reader's curiosity on the origin of some of the more unexpected techniques or ideas Messiaen llses. Before embarking on a study of the cycles, it is necessary to look at the highly individual musical language of the composer. Section two undertakes this task in some depth, wherever possible relating the explanations directly to the songs which follow. In order to clarify the text and to simplify the exercise for the reader, numerous musical examples have been used. This contributes to the apparent bulk of this section. The main emphasis of the thesis is the detailed study of the 20 songs contained in Poemes pour Mi, Chants de Terre et de Cief and Harawi. The third section of the thesis deals with this material thoroughly and systematically, dividing it up into musical and extra-musical aspects. The texts are considered in terms of Surrealist, religious, Nature, numerological and, in the case of Harawi, mythological and Peruvian folk symbolism. The relationship of text to music is studied and evelopments highlighted. Musically, the study is further sub-divided into piano part and vocal part. In each case, an extensive exploration of the techniques required of the performer is presented. This makes possible the subsequent categorisation of the songs on the basis of similarities in the musical means. Conclusions reached show a progressive development through the three song cycles in the composer's handling of the text, his treatment of the voice, his use of the piano and his expansion of the voice-piano relationship. This body of solo vocal literature emerges as typical of Oliver Messiaen's compositional style in general and therefore properly representative of the meticulous craftsmanship with which his works are constructed. The detailed analysis of all aspects of the songs contributes original material to scholarship on Messiaen and on song cycles in the twentieth century.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Donkin, Deborah Jean
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Messiaen, Olivier, 1908-1992 Song cycles--Interpretation (Phrasing, dynamics, etc.)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:2635 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002300
- Description: This thesis ventures into the relatively neglected world of twentieth century vocal music, via the three song cycles of Oliver Messiaen. The song cycle is a comparatively young genre, generally dated from Beethoven's An die ferne Geliebte or by some, even later to Schubert's Die schone Miillerin. Nevertheless, considerable changes have taken place in the 160 years which separate Messiaen's cycles from those of the 'pioneers' mentioned above. A fuller appreciation of twentieth century cycles is facilitated by observing this evolutionary process and placing the works within an historical and cultural perspective. Such an introduction is provided in part one of this thesis, along with relevant details on the life and interests of Messiaen. The latter information gives insight into the compositions themselves and may satisfy the reader's curiosity on the origin of some of the more unexpected techniques or ideas Messiaen llses. Before embarking on a study of the cycles, it is necessary to look at the highly individual musical language of the composer. Section two undertakes this task in some depth, wherever possible relating the explanations directly to the songs which follow. In order to clarify the text and to simplify the exercise for the reader, numerous musical examples have been used. This contributes to the apparent bulk of this section. The main emphasis of the thesis is the detailed study of the 20 songs contained in Poemes pour Mi, Chants de Terre et de Cief and Harawi. The third section of the thesis deals with this material thoroughly and systematically, dividing it up into musical and extra-musical aspects. The texts are considered in terms of Surrealist, religious, Nature, numerological and, in the case of Harawi, mythological and Peruvian folk symbolism. The relationship of text to music is studied and evelopments highlighted. Musically, the study is further sub-divided into piano part and vocal part. In each case, an extensive exploration of the techniques required of the performer is presented. This makes possible the subsequent categorisation of the songs on the basis of similarities in the musical means. Conclusions reached show a progressive development through the three song cycles in the composer's handling of the text, his treatment of the voice, his use of the piano and his expansion of the voice-piano relationship. This body of solo vocal literature emerges as typical of Oliver Messiaen's compositional style in general and therefore properly representative of the meticulous craftsmanship with which his works are constructed. The detailed analysis of all aspects of the songs contributes original material to scholarship on Messiaen and on song cycles in the twentieth century.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
A study of the alkaloid content of the Senecio speciosus/Macrocephalus complex
- Authors: Grue, Margaret Ruth
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Alkaloids -- Research , Pyrrolizidines -- Research , Botanical chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4362 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005027 , Alkaloids -- Research , Pyrrolizidines -- Research , Botanical chemistry
- Description: The isolation and identification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from various plant species from 1988 to May 1991 are reviewed and the alkaloids of two indigenous plant species, Senecio speciosus Willd and Senecio macrocephalus DC, were investigated. A brief review of the methods used for isolation and identification of pyrrolizidines is also given. S. speciosus was found to contain two new alkaloids, 7-senecioyl-9-sarracinylheliotridine and 7-isosarracinyl-9- sarracinyl-heliotridine, which were identified using highfield NMR techniques. A number of other alkaloids were tentatively identified using GC-MS. S. macrocephalus contains very little alkaloid, but a number of pyrrolizidine alkaloids were tentatively identified using GC-MS. Standard alkaloids for GC-MS work were obtained both by extraction from a number of plant species and by synthesis of simple monoester alkaloids. In this process the alkaloid neosarracine, previously described by GC-MS, was isolated and NMR data for this compound are reported for the first time. S. speciosus and S. macrocephalus are morphologically very similar and their counterparts in the Grahamstown district exhibit features characteristic of both species. This could be due to hybridization, genetic mutation or simple variation within the species. The alkaloids of four local plant populations were examined in order to collect taxonomic markers whereby it was hoped that the Grahamstown plants could be satisfactorily classified. Three of the plant populations were found to contain 7-senecioyl-9-sarracinylheliotridine and 7-angelyl-9-sarracinyl-heliotridine. One population was found to contain the known alkaloid retrorsine along with the new alkaloid 2-hydroxy-l, 2-dihydrosenkirkine. The alkaloidal fractions of all four populations were compared using GC-MS and NMR techniques. Tentative taxonomic conclusions were drawn.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Grue, Margaret Ruth
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Alkaloids -- Research , Pyrrolizidines -- Research , Botanical chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4362 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005027 , Alkaloids -- Research , Pyrrolizidines -- Research , Botanical chemistry
- Description: The isolation and identification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from various plant species from 1988 to May 1991 are reviewed and the alkaloids of two indigenous plant species, Senecio speciosus Willd and Senecio macrocephalus DC, were investigated. A brief review of the methods used for isolation and identification of pyrrolizidines is also given. S. speciosus was found to contain two new alkaloids, 7-senecioyl-9-sarracinylheliotridine and 7-isosarracinyl-9- sarracinyl-heliotridine, which were identified using highfield NMR techniques. A number of other alkaloids were tentatively identified using GC-MS. S. macrocephalus contains very little alkaloid, but a number of pyrrolizidine alkaloids were tentatively identified using GC-MS. Standard alkaloids for GC-MS work were obtained both by extraction from a number of plant species and by synthesis of simple monoester alkaloids. In this process the alkaloid neosarracine, previously described by GC-MS, was isolated and NMR data for this compound are reported for the first time. S. speciosus and S. macrocephalus are morphologically very similar and their counterparts in the Grahamstown district exhibit features characteristic of both species. This could be due to hybridization, genetic mutation or simple variation within the species. The alkaloids of four local plant populations were examined in order to collect taxonomic markers whereby it was hoped that the Grahamstown plants could be satisfactorily classified. Three of the plant populations were found to contain 7-senecioyl-9-sarracinylheliotridine and 7-angelyl-9-sarracinyl-heliotridine. One population was found to contain the known alkaloid retrorsine along with the new alkaloid 2-hydroxy-l, 2-dihydrosenkirkine. The alkaloidal fractions of all four populations were compared using GC-MS and NMR techniques. Tentative taxonomic conclusions were drawn.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
A study of the biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics of the macrolide antibiotic, erythromycin
- Authors: Terespolsky, Susan Ann
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Erythromycin -- Bioavailability , Erythromycin -- Pharmacokinetics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3795 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003273 , Erythromycin -- Bioavailability , Erythromycin -- Pharmacokinetics
- Description: Erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces erythreus, was first introduced into clinical medicine in 1952. It is active against most gram-positive bacteria, some gram-negative bacteria and is currently the agent of choice for Legionella pneumophila. Erythromycin is an acid-labile compound rapidly degrading in acidic solutions such as the acid environment of the stomach. As such, erythromycin absorption following oral administration of solid dosage forms is relatively poor. Accordingly there have been various approaches used to protect the drug against gastric inactivation. These precautions include enteric-coating of tablets, capsules or pellets of erythromycin base, the synthesis of acid stable 2' esters of erythromycin (ethylsuccinate and propionate) and salts of these esters (erythromycin estolate), and more recently, the synthesis of a range of new acid-stable, semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotics. The 2' esters are antimicrobially inactive or much less active than the parent compound and must be converted to the free erythromycin base in vivo in order to exhibit antibacterial activity. Intrinsic dissolution rates determined on raw material can provide extremely useful information relating to the gastrointestinal absorption of drugs from solid dosage forms. The large inter- and intrasubject variability associated with erythromycin base has, to date, mainly been attributed to gastric acid inactivation of the drug. However, changes in duodenal pH resulting in altered solubility and intrinsic dissolution rates may account for the observed variability. Thus, the intrinsic dissolution rates of erythromycin base at pH 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0 were compared in order to investigate the possible effects of pH changes which may occur in the duodenal contents, on the in vivo dissolution and subsequent absorption of this compound. The standard intrinsic dissolution rate test procedure employing a rotating disc of pure erythromycin base powder which only allows for dissolution from a constant surface area, was adapted and the drug quantitatively determined by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using ultraviolet detection. Results of intrinsic dissolution studies at both 22°C and 37°C indicate that the solubility, and therefore the rate of dissolution of erythromycin base is pH dependent, being more soluble at pH 6.0 than pH 8.0 (an approximate 800 times and 1000 times reduction in the amount dissolved after 30 minutes, at 22°C and 37°C respectively, when the pH of the medium was increased from 6 to 8). Although the stability of erythromycin and its ester derivatives in aqueous acidic solutions has been well documented, very little has been reported on the compound's stability in organic solvents. Methanol is recommended by official drug compendia (U.S.P. and B.P.) for use in erythromycin identification tests as well as in the sample preparation steps during assay procedures. Thus, the effect of methanol and acetonitrile, organic solvents of similar polarities and densities, on the stability of erythromycin base, erythromycin ethylsuccinate, propionyl erythromycin and erythromycin estolate at room temperature (22°C ± 0.5°C), using HPLC with electrochemical detection, was investigated. Erythromycin base is relatively stable in both methanol and acetonitrile, remaining intact for over 168 hours in acetonitrile and showing less than 5% degradation in methanol over the same period. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate in acetonitrile shows less than 5% degradation over 168 hours whereas in methanol, rapid hydrolysis occurs resulting in almost total conversion to base within 40 hours. Approximately 87% of erythromycin propionyl ester remained intact after 168 hours in acetonitrile whilst methanol caused rapid hydrolysis to erythromycin base (35% remaining after 28 hours). Erythromycin estolate appeared to be unstable in both acetonitrile and methanol. In acetonitrile, only 13% of the estolate remained intact after 168 hours, whereas in methanol, the reaction was much more rapid with 35% of the estolate remaining after 28 hours. The use of methanol as a solvent for erythromycin estolate reference standards is thus contraindicated. A number of conflicting reports on the half- life as well as the body compartment model that best describes erythromycin base serum concentration-time profiles (lBCM generally used to describe orally administered erythromycin, whilst a 2BCM has been used to describe erythromycin administered intravenously), appear in the literature. These differences may be largely attributed to the sampling period (between 6 and 12 hours) used in the repective studies. The objective of this study was to determine the body compartment model that best describes erythromycin base serum concentration-time curves by increasing the sampling time to 24 hours. In addition, the effect of chronic dosing of erythromycin on erythromycin pharmacokinetics, in the same group of subjects, was investigated. The single and multiple oral dose pharmacokinetics of erythromycin enteric coated base pellets within a gelatin capsule (250mg), were studied in 6 healthy, normal volunteers (19.5 ± 0.76 years, 71.5 ± 8.18 kg, 180.33 ± 5.99 cm). Furthermore, steady state concentrations were predicted using the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the single dose study, and compared with those obtained in the multiple dose study. Plasma concentrations were determined using a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with electrochemical detection. For the single dose study, after a tlag of 2.5 ± 0.71 hr, Cmax (1.12 ± 0.47 μ/ml) was reached at a tmax of 4.08 ± 0.93 hr post dose, with serum concentrations ranging from 0.31 - 1.62 μ/ml. The half-life was found to be 5.42 ± 1.31 hr. On multiple dosing (250mg six hourly), serum concentrations for the fifth, ninth and thirteenth dosing intervals ranged from 0.67 - 2.92 μ/ml, 1.69 - 3.65 μ/ml and 0.61 - 3.01 μ/ml, occurring at 3.75 ± 0.69 hr, 3.17 ± 1.03 hr and 3.17 ± 1.03 hr post dose with a Cmax of 1.89 ± 0.68 μ/ml, 2.35 ± 0.70 μ/ml and 1.94 ± 0.74 μ/ml, respectively. The area under the serum concentration- time curve for the single dose study (AUC₀₋∞) was 4.67 ± 0.88 hr.μ/ml, whilst the AUC₀₋τ. for the fifth, ninth and thirteenth dosing intervals of the multiple dose study were 5.77 ± 1.76 hr.μ/ml, 6.46 ± 1.33 hr.μ/ml and 5.97 ± 2.36 hr.μ/ml respectively, indicating an approximately 33% increase in AUC on chronic dosing of erythromycin. The observed increase in AUC may be a result of increased bioavailability or a decrease in clearance on chronic dosing.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Terespolsky, Susan Ann
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Erythromycin -- Bioavailability , Erythromycin -- Pharmacokinetics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3795 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003273 , Erythromycin -- Bioavailability , Erythromycin -- Pharmacokinetics
- Description: Erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces erythreus, was first introduced into clinical medicine in 1952. It is active against most gram-positive bacteria, some gram-negative bacteria and is currently the agent of choice for Legionella pneumophila. Erythromycin is an acid-labile compound rapidly degrading in acidic solutions such as the acid environment of the stomach. As such, erythromycin absorption following oral administration of solid dosage forms is relatively poor. Accordingly there have been various approaches used to protect the drug against gastric inactivation. These precautions include enteric-coating of tablets, capsules or pellets of erythromycin base, the synthesis of acid stable 2' esters of erythromycin (ethylsuccinate and propionate) and salts of these esters (erythromycin estolate), and more recently, the synthesis of a range of new acid-stable, semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotics. The 2' esters are antimicrobially inactive or much less active than the parent compound and must be converted to the free erythromycin base in vivo in order to exhibit antibacterial activity. Intrinsic dissolution rates determined on raw material can provide extremely useful information relating to the gastrointestinal absorption of drugs from solid dosage forms. The large inter- and intrasubject variability associated with erythromycin base has, to date, mainly been attributed to gastric acid inactivation of the drug. However, changes in duodenal pH resulting in altered solubility and intrinsic dissolution rates may account for the observed variability. Thus, the intrinsic dissolution rates of erythromycin base at pH 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0 were compared in order to investigate the possible effects of pH changes which may occur in the duodenal contents, on the in vivo dissolution and subsequent absorption of this compound. The standard intrinsic dissolution rate test procedure employing a rotating disc of pure erythromycin base powder which only allows for dissolution from a constant surface area, was adapted and the drug quantitatively determined by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using ultraviolet detection. Results of intrinsic dissolution studies at both 22°C and 37°C indicate that the solubility, and therefore the rate of dissolution of erythromycin base is pH dependent, being more soluble at pH 6.0 than pH 8.0 (an approximate 800 times and 1000 times reduction in the amount dissolved after 30 minutes, at 22°C and 37°C respectively, when the pH of the medium was increased from 6 to 8). Although the stability of erythromycin and its ester derivatives in aqueous acidic solutions has been well documented, very little has been reported on the compound's stability in organic solvents. Methanol is recommended by official drug compendia (U.S.P. and B.P.) for use in erythromycin identification tests as well as in the sample preparation steps during assay procedures. Thus, the effect of methanol and acetonitrile, organic solvents of similar polarities and densities, on the stability of erythromycin base, erythromycin ethylsuccinate, propionyl erythromycin and erythromycin estolate at room temperature (22°C ± 0.5°C), using HPLC with electrochemical detection, was investigated. Erythromycin base is relatively stable in both methanol and acetonitrile, remaining intact for over 168 hours in acetonitrile and showing less than 5% degradation in methanol over the same period. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate in acetonitrile shows less than 5% degradation over 168 hours whereas in methanol, rapid hydrolysis occurs resulting in almost total conversion to base within 40 hours. Approximately 87% of erythromycin propionyl ester remained intact after 168 hours in acetonitrile whilst methanol caused rapid hydrolysis to erythromycin base (35% remaining after 28 hours). Erythromycin estolate appeared to be unstable in both acetonitrile and methanol. In acetonitrile, only 13% of the estolate remained intact after 168 hours, whereas in methanol, the reaction was much more rapid with 35% of the estolate remaining after 28 hours. The use of methanol as a solvent for erythromycin estolate reference standards is thus contraindicated. A number of conflicting reports on the half- life as well as the body compartment model that best describes erythromycin base serum concentration-time profiles (lBCM generally used to describe orally administered erythromycin, whilst a 2BCM has been used to describe erythromycin administered intravenously), appear in the literature. These differences may be largely attributed to the sampling period (between 6 and 12 hours) used in the repective studies. The objective of this study was to determine the body compartment model that best describes erythromycin base serum concentration-time curves by increasing the sampling time to 24 hours. In addition, the effect of chronic dosing of erythromycin on erythromycin pharmacokinetics, in the same group of subjects, was investigated. The single and multiple oral dose pharmacokinetics of erythromycin enteric coated base pellets within a gelatin capsule (250mg), were studied in 6 healthy, normal volunteers (19.5 ± 0.76 years, 71.5 ± 8.18 kg, 180.33 ± 5.99 cm). Furthermore, steady state concentrations were predicted using the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the single dose study, and compared with those obtained in the multiple dose study. Plasma concentrations were determined using a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with electrochemical detection. For the single dose study, after a tlag of 2.5 ± 0.71 hr, Cmax (1.12 ± 0.47 μ/ml) was reached at a tmax of 4.08 ± 0.93 hr post dose, with serum concentrations ranging from 0.31 - 1.62 μ/ml. The half-life was found to be 5.42 ± 1.31 hr. On multiple dosing (250mg six hourly), serum concentrations for the fifth, ninth and thirteenth dosing intervals ranged from 0.67 - 2.92 μ/ml, 1.69 - 3.65 μ/ml and 0.61 - 3.01 μ/ml, occurring at 3.75 ± 0.69 hr, 3.17 ± 1.03 hr and 3.17 ± 1.03 hr post dose with a Cmax of 1.89 ± 0.68 μ/ml, 2.35 ± 0.70 μ/ml and 1.94 ± 0.74 μ/ml, respectively. The area under the serum concentration- time curve for the single dose study (AUC₀₋∞) was 4.67 ± 0.88 hr.μ/ml, whilst the AUC₀₋τ. for the fifth, ninth and thirteenth dosing intervals of the multiple dose study were 5.77 ± 1.76 hr.μ/ml, 6.46 ± 1.33 hr.μ/ml and 5.97 ± 2.36 hr.μ/ml respectively, indicating an approximately 33% increase in AUC on chronic dosing of erythromycin. The observed increase in AUC may be a result of increased bioavailability or a decrease in clearance on chronic dosing.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1992
A study of the effect of progesterone on the body weight regulation in intact female rats
- Authors: Ravelingien, Jo
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Progesterone -- Physiological effect , Body weight -- Regulation , Rats -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3787 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003265 , Progesterone -- Physiological effect , Body weight -- Regulation , Rats -- Research
- Description: It is the aim of this study to elucidate the influence of progesterone on body weight regulation in intact female rats. A study of the literature includes a description of the body weight regulation and the effects of ovarian hormones on it. The controlled-system approach tries to link behavioral and physiological factors altering energy balance. The experimental study is subdivided into food-intake - and food-selection studies, a locomotor activity study, a study eliciting a possible role of thermogenesis, and finally rat liver studies which consist of a gas chromatography analysis of hepatic fatty acids and an electron microscopy study examining the ultrastructure of hepatocytes. It can be concluded that the effect of progesterone treatment on the body weight of intact female rats depends on the route of administration. There is a significant increase in body weight after subcutaneous progesterone injections without changes in total caloric intake and nutrient selection habits, indicating the importance of energy expenditure. But changes in spontaneous activity make no contribution in the progesterone-induced energy storage. It is also concluded that peripherally located brown adipose tissue thermogenesis is not changed, without ruling out the effect of more centrally located thermogenic organs as the liver. In this organ, small but significant changes in the fatty acid profile occur during the subcutaneous progesterone treatment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Ravelingien, Jo
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Progesterone -- Physiological effect , Body weight -- Regulation , Rats -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3787 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003265 , Progesterone -- Physiological effect , Body weight -- Regulation , Rats -- Research
- Description: It is the aim of this study to elucidate the influence of progesterone on body weight regulation in intact female rats. A study of the literature includes a description of the body weight regulation and the effects of ovarian hormones on it. The controlled-system approach tries to link behavioral and physiological factors altering energy balance. The experimental study is subdivided into food-intake - and food-selection studies, a locomotor activity study, a study eliciting a possible role of thermogenesis, and finally rat liver studies which consist of a gas chromatography analysis of hepatic fatty acids and an electron microscopy study examining the ultrastructure of hepatocytes. It can be concluded that the effect of progesterone treatment on the body weight of intact female rats depends on the route of administration. There is a significant increase in body weight after subcutaneous progesterone injections without changes in total caloric intake and nutrient selection habits, indicating the importance of energy expenditure. But changes in spontaneous activity make no contribution in the progesterone-induced energy storage. It is also concluded that peripherally located brown adipose tissue thermogenesis is not changed, without ruling out the effect of more centrally located thermogenic organs as the liver. In this organ, small but significant changes in the fatty acid profile occur during the subcutaneous progesterone treatment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
A study of the role of nature conservation law enforcement officers as facilitators of environmental education
- Authors: Barrett, Janice Anne
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Environmental education Nature conservation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1783 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003668
- Description: This study explores the potential roles of a sample of 18 nature conservation law enforcement officers, as facilitators of environmental education. More specifically it examines their attitudes towards their dual duties of enforcing laws and providing extension services. Attitudes were examined by means of qualitative data analysis from semi-structured interviews. Officers' environmental attitudes, as well the relative emphasis placed on law enforcement and extension, and their own perspectives of working with communities, are explored. The historical and cultural context of officers' work, as well as worldviews and personality traits are also discussed. Certain recommendations regarding officers' roles as facilitors of environmental education are made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Barrett, Janice Anne
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Environmental education Nature conservation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1783 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003668
- Description: This study explores the potential roles of a sample of 18 nature conservation law enforcement officers, as facilitators of environmental education. More specifically it examines their attitudes towards their dual duties of enforcing laws and providing extension services. Attitudes were examined by means of qualitative data analysis from semi-structured interviews. Officers' environmental attitudes, as well the relative emphasis placed on law enforcement and extension, and their own perspectives of working with communities, are explored. The historical and cultural context of officers' work, as well as worldviews and personality traits are also discussed. Certain recommendations regarding officers' roles as facilitors of environmental education are made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
A.P.A. Chubb's letter to Rhodes Museum Curator, dated 26 April 1992
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Rhodes University College -- Buildings -- Photographs -- 1936-1938 Rhodes University College -- History -- Photographs -- 1936-1938 Rhodes University College -- Students -- Photographs -- 1936-1938
- Type: Image
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/13107 , vital:21804 , PIC/M 5945 , This image is held at the Cory Library for Humanities Research at Rhodes University. For further information contact cory@ru.ac.za. The digitisation of this image was made possible through a generous grant received from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation 2014-2017.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1992
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Rhodes University College -- Buildings -- Photographs -- 1936-1938 Rhodes University College -- History -- Photographs -- 1936-1938 Rhodes University College -- Students -- Photographs -- 1936-1938
- Type: Image
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/13107 , vital:21804 , PIC/M 5945 , This image is held at the Cory Library for Humanities Research at Rhodes University. For further information contact cory@ru.ac.za. The digitisation of this image was made possible through a generous grant received from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation 2014-2017.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1992
Accuracy and reproducibility of the multiple-reading skin blanching assay
- Smith, Eric W, Meyer, Eric, Haigh, John M
- Authors: Smith, Eric W , Meyer, Eric , Haigh, John M
- Date: 1992
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6439 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006625
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Smith, Eric W , Meyer, Eric , Haigh, John M
- Date: 1992
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6439 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006625
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
Algal biotechnology and the beneficiation of saline effluent wastes
- Authors: Rose, P D (Peter Dale)
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Algae -- Biotechnology , Algae culture , Tanneries -- Waste disposal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4135 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015967
- Description: Saline deterioration in the South African public water system has been documented and disposal of brine wastes has been identified as part of the problem. The broad aim of this research programme was to undertake an initial technical study to evaluate the feasibility of integrating algal biotechnology into a disposal function for these wastes. A demonstration of utility in the form of products and waste treatment could produce a beneficiation of saline effluents and provide incentives necessary to deal with the disposal issue. The study attempted to demonstrate a synthesis between the two main thrusts in algal biotechnology that have produced large-scale practical applications - stable, predictable algal production in saline media and the cost effective High Rate Oxidation Ponding (HROP) process for incorporating algal production into a waste treatment function. Tannery organic saline effluents and the biotechnology of Dunaliella salina culture producing β- carotene were chosen as paradigms for the study. 1. The alga was shown to grow in certain tannery effluents producing enhanced biomass yields compared to defined inorganic medium cultivation. The potential for amino acid or protein supplementation of defmed culture media was noted. 2. A reduction in organic load simultaneous with the growth of D.salina was recorded in laboratory-scale simulations of the HROP process. Rates similar to the fresh water HROP equivalent were demonstrated. 3. These results suggested the uptake and storage of organic nitrogen by D.salina. The consequent inhibition of β-carotene accumulation by the organism presented a potentially insurmountable obstacle to the feasibility of β-carotene production in this medium. Uptake and release of organic compounds, previously demonstrated in phytoplankton and other micro-algae, was confirmed in this study for D.salina. The evidence acquired indicated the internalization of both glycine and bovine serum albumin. An ultrastructural study demonstrated mechanisms by which this process might occur. 4. The release of substantial quantities of glycerol was shown. A mechanism whereby D. salina may use this to regulate ammonia availability via control of its associated bacterial population was observed. Glycerol release was identified as presenting an application in treating refractory organic wastes, such as secondary sewage sludges, by elevating C:N ratios. This could demonstrate a significant utility for brine waste impoundments. 5. A multistage production process was proposed to deal with the problem of β-carotene inhibition by separation of the growth and metabolite accumulation functions into separate unit operations. It was shown in this study that the stress of nitrogen deficiency combined with high salinity provides for effectiveβ-carotene accumulation under the conditions of low illumination that pertain in dense cultures. Subjected to these conditions effluent-grown cells show delayed but unimpaired {j-carotene accumulation. 6. A role for the plant hormone abscisic acid in mediating the stress response was demonstrated in D.salina. Fluorescence induction studies suggested the presence of a signalling process forming part of a sensitivity control mechanism. Stress induction of β-carotene accumulation could occur through four clearly defined stages. Potential was identified for using this response as a physiological probe for monitoring and regulating the stress induction process. 7. The multistage processing concept requires effective algal cell separation technology. The use of cross-flow ultrafiltration and diafiltration with a polyethersulfone tubular membrane system was demonstrated as an effective process for the recovery and washing of D. salina. Cell concentrates were produced in a viable form. 8. Process designs incorporating the findings of the research programme are presented demonstrating how effluent and organic waste treatment functions may be combined with the production of D.salina and its products. Application of the multi-stage processing concept to β-carotene production in a defined medium process was identified as offering a potential four-fold yield enhancement. This could have a significant impact on a high cost, marginal algal biotechnology process. Aspects of novelty have been claimed in provisional patents applications. A provisional demonstration of the feasibility of D.salina production in tannery effluent indicates that algal biotechnology may provide a utility for, and hence the beneficiation of saline effluent wastes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Rose, P D (Peter Dale)
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Algae -- Biotechnology , Algae culture , Tanneries -- Waste disposal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4135 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015967
- Description: Saline deterioration in the South African public water system has been documented and disposal of brine wastes has been identified as part of the problem. The broad aim of this research programme was to undertake an initial technical study to evaluate the feasibility of integrating algal biotechnology into a disposal function for these wastes. A demonstration of utility in the form of products and waste treatment could produce a beneficiation of saline effluents and provide incentives necessary to deal with the disposal issue. The study attempted to demonstrate a synthesis between the two main thrusts in algal biotechnology that have produced large-scale practical applications - stable, predictable algal production in saline media and the cost effective High Rate Oxidation Ponding (HROP) process for incorporating algal production into a waste treatment function. Tannery organic saline effluents and the biotechnology of Dunaliella salina culture producing β- carotene were chosen as paradigms for the study. 1. The alga was shown to grow in certain tannery effluents producing enhanced biomass yields compared to defined inorganic medium cultivation. The potential for amino acid or protein supplementation of defmed culture media was noted. 2. A reduction in organic load simultaneous with the growth of D.salina was recorded in laboratory-scale simulations of the HROP process. Rates similar to the fresh water HROP equivalent were demonstrated. 3. These results suggested the uptake and storage of organic nitrogen by D.salina. The consequent inhibition of β-carotene accumulation by the organism presented a potentially insurmountable obstacle to the feasibility of β-carotene production in this medium. Uptake and release of organic compounds, previously demonstrated in phytoplankton and other micro-algae, was confirmed in this study for D.salina. The evidence acquired indicated the internalization of both glycine and bovine serum albumin. An ultrastructural study demonstrated mechanisms by which this process might occur. 4. The release of substantial quantities of glycerol was shown. A mechanism whereby D. salina may use this to regulate ammonia availability via control of its associated bacterial population was observed. Glycerol release was identified as presenting an application in treating refractory organic wastes, such as secondary sewage sludges, by elevating C:N ratios. This could demonstrate a significant utility for brine waste impoundments. 5. A multistage production process was proposed to deal with the problem of β-carotene inhibition by separation of the growth and metabolite accumulation functions into separate unit operations. It was shown in this study that the stress of nitrogen deficiency combined with high salinity provides for effectiveβ-carotene accumulation under the conditions of low illumination that pertain in dense cultures. Subjected to these conditions effluent-grown cells show delayed but unimpaired {j-carotene accumulation. 6. A role for the plant hormone abscisic acid in mediating the stress response was demonstrated in D.salina. Fluorescence induction studies suggested the presence of a signalling process forming part of a sensitivity control mechanism. Stress induction of β-carotene accumulation could occur through four clearly defined stages. Potential was identified for using this response as a physiological probe for monitoring and regulating the stress induction process. 7. The multistage processing concept requires effective algal cell separation technology. The use of cross-flow ultrafiltration and diafiltration with a polyethersulfone tubular membrane system was demonstrated as an effective process for the recovery and washing of D. salina. Cell concentrates were produced in a viable form. 8. Process designs incorporating the findings of the research programme are presented demonstrating how effluent and organic waste treatment functions may be combined with the production of D.salina and its products. Application of the multi-stage processing concept to β-carotene production in a defined medium process was identified as offering a potential four-fold yield enhancement. This could have a significant impact on a high cost, marginal algal biotechnology process. Aspects of novelty have been claimed in provisional patents applications. A provisional demonstration of the feasibility of D.salina production in tannery effluent indicates that algal biotechnology may provide a utility for, and hence the beneficiation of saline effluent wastes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
An assessment of a new personality measure of authoritarianism in the South African context
- Authors: Léger, Paul
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Authoritarianism (Personality trait) -- Research , Authoritarianism -- Research -- South Africa , Psychological tests -- Research , Personality tests -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3007 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002516 , Authoritarianism (Personality trait) -- Research , Authoritarianism -- Research -- South Africa , Psychological tests -- Research , Personality tests -- Research
- Description: The aim of the research was to assess the psychometric properties of Altemeyer's (1981) Right-Wing Authoritarianism scale (RWA scale)- developed in response to identified methodological weaknesses in personality measures of authoritarianism to date - within a South African setting. A modified version of the 24-item attitudinal scale, together with a demographic questionnaire was administered to a white and black sample of South African university students. Subsequent psychometric analysis of the data indicated that the scale was a significantly less powerful measure of authoritarianism in a cross-cultural context, than originally hoped for. Not only did the analysis show an absence of psychometric equivalence but revealed substantial problems within the content of the scale itself. An ensuing discussion of these findings situated the debate within a broader theoretical context. It was argued that the RWA scale, and its underpinning conceptualization, although possibly comprising a methodological refinement over existing measures of authoritarianism, did not constitute grounds for a viable approach to research on authoritarianism in the South African context. It was concluded that a model of authoritarianism resting on the assumptions of positivistic psychology, inevitably failed to account for the social and political dynamics of a changing society. As a socially relevant enterprise, it was suggested that the debate on authoritarianism be extended beyond the confines of individualistic psychology and research priority directed instead to the crucial role of societal factors giving rise to the individual manifestation of the phenomenon.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Léger, Paul
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Authoritarianism (Personality trait) -- Research , Authoritarianism -- Research -- South Africa , Psychological tests -- Research , Personality tests -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3007 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002516 , Authoritarianism (Personality trait) -- Research , Authoritarianism -- Research -- South Africa , Psychological tests -- Research , Personality tests -- Research
- Description: The aim of the research was to assess the psychometric properties of Altemeyer's (1981) Right-Wing Authoritarianism scale (RWA scale)- developed in response to identified methodological weaknesses in personality measures of authoritarianism to date - within a South African setting. A modified version of the 24-item attitudinal scale, together with a demographic questionnaire was administered to a white and black sample of South African university students. Subsequent psychometric analysis of the data indicated that the scale was a significantly less powerful measure of authoritarianism in a cross-cultural context, than originally hoped for. Not only did the analysis show an absence of psychometric equivalence but revealed substantial problems within the content of the scale itself. An ensuing discussion of these findings situated the debate within a broader theoretical context. It was argued that the RWA scale, and its underpinning conceptualization, although possibly comprising a methodological refinement over existing measures of authoritarianism, did not constitute grounds for a viable approach to research on authoritarianism in the South African context. It was concluded that a model of authoritarianism resting on the assumptions of positivistic psychology, inevitably failed to account for the social and political dynamics of a changing society. As a socially relevant enterprise, it was suggested that the debate on authoritarianism be extended beyond the confines of individualistic psychology and research priority directed instead to the crucial role of societal factors giving rise to the individual manifestation of the phenomenon.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
An evaluation of the use of computers in a South African primary school
- Authors: Mostert, Orla
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Education, Elementary -- South Africa -- Computer-assisted instruction Computer-assisted instruction -- South Africa Educational technology -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1528 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003410
- Description: The introduction of the computer into the educational arena is unique as pressure for its inclusion has come not from educationalists, but from public demand based on the conviction that exposure to computers is an essential ingredient of modern education. This has resulted in computers being added to school curricula before there has been careful research into its educational implications, making huge demands on teachers involved in the innovation. South African primary schools involved in computer education have followed international trends in their adoption of computers, initially perceiving computer education as a separate subject added on to the present curriculum. However, changing trends in computer use internationally are now beginning to reflect educators' changing perceptions of the nature of primary education, and educators are calling for the use of computers to be integrated into the curriculum rather than being seen as an area of study in themselves. This investigation attempts to outline general trends and perceptions of computer use in a South African primary school. Despite a high level of computer usage at the observed school, the computer was seen by teachers, in the main, as an extra subject, and has not yet led to any significant changes in teaching styles and methods. The research suggests that two main issues need to be resolved before computer education in primary schools reflects the present paradigm shift towards learner-centered educational practices. Firstly, there is a need to rethink the delivery of the curriculum towards one which promotes a greater degree of problem solving and decision making on the part of the learner. Secondly, it would appear that teachers need to be made more aware of this trend.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Mostert, Orla
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Education, Elementary -- South Africa -- Computer-assisted instruction Computer-assisted instruction -- South Africa Educational technology -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1528 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003410
- Description: The introduction of the computer into the educational arena is unique as pressure for its inclusion has come not from educationalists, but from public demand based on the conviction that exposure to computers is an essential ingredient of modern education. This has resulted in computers being added to school curricula before there has been careful research into its educational implications, making huge demands on teachers involved in the innovation. South African primary schools involved in computer education have followed international trends in their adoption of computers, initially perceiving computer education as a separate subject added on to the present curriculum. However, changing trends in computer use internationally are now beginning to reflect educators' changing perceptions of the nature of primary education, and educators are calling for the use of computers to be integrated into the curriculum rather than being seen as an area of study in themselves. This investigation attempts to outline general trends and perceptions of computer use in a South African primary school. Despite a high level of computer usage at the observed school, the computer was seen by teachers, in the main, as an extra subject, and has not yet led to any significant changes in teaching styles and methods. The research suggests that two main issues need to be resolved before computer education in primary schools reflects the present paradigm shift towards learner-centered educational practices. Firstly, there is a need to rethink the delivery of the curriculum towards one which promotes a greater degree of problem solving and decision making on the part of the learner. Secondly, it would appear that teachers need to be made more aware of this trend.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
An examination of the sonnets of E.E. Cummings
- Authors: Hughes, Jeremy Francis
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Cummings, E. E. (Edward Estlin), 1894-1962 -- Criticism and interpretation Sonnets, English -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2244 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002287
- Description: This dissertation examines E. E. Cummings's writings in the sonnet genre and in those genres to which the sonnet is related in various ways. Its fundamental point is that, despite the surface impression of poetic iconoclasm for which Cummings has a popular reputation, in choosing to write sonnets he engages in a traditional literary practice. He does this because his purpose is always to be an artist, as defined by the Aesthetic movement which influenced him. In order to argue his embracing of a traditional artistic role, the theory of genres espoused by Alastair Fowler in his book, Kinds of Literature, is used. Chapter 1 of the thesis comprises general introductory material, both to the range of Aesthetic ideas to which Cummings subscribed, and to Fowler's theory of genres. Several key generic kinds are also described. The second chapter makes use of two of these generic models, the sonnet sequence and the silva, as a way of examining Cummings's deployment of the sonnet within the larger context of his poetry collections. It is a survey of the structure of the anthologies he compiled from Tulips & Chimneys (1922) to 95 Poems (1958). The third chapter explores the three sonnet modes which Cummings first identifies and names when compiling the manuscript of Tulips & Chimneys, and continues to use in his collections up to and including is 5 (1926). Chapter 4 shows how certain themes and concerns from these early sonnets are altered and synthesised as Cummings matures from an aesthete to a Romantic poet. Sonnets from his later books are taken to be representative of three central kinds in all of his work after is 5. Chapters 3 and 4 proceed by means of relatively close readings of individual sonnets. This practice fulfils a double role: it penetrates the apparent obscurity of the more difficult poems, and it attempts to preserve the integrity of individual poems which exemplify different generic tendencies in Cummings's work. One of Cummings's reasons for writing sonnets is that the form favours the achievement of what Wordsworth calls "a feeling of intense unity". In undertaking close readings of a few sonnets I have attempted to preserve that feeling.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Hughes, Jeremy Francis
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Cummings, E. E. (Edward Estlin), 1894-1962 -- Criticism and interpretation Sonnets, English -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2244 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002287
- Description: This dissertation examines E. E. Cummings's writings in the sonnet genre and in those genres to which the sonnet is related in various ways. Its fundamental point is that, despite the surface impression of poetic iconoclasm for which Cummings has a popular reputation, in choosing to write sonnets he engages in a traditional literary practice. He does this because his purpose is always to be an artist, as defined by the Aesthetic movement which influenced him. In order to argue his embracing of a traditional artistic role, the theory of genres espoused by Alastair Fowler in his book, Kinds of Literature, is used. Chapter 1 of the thesis comprises general introductory material, both to the range of Aesthetic ideas to which Cummings subscribed, and to Fowler's theory of genres. Several key generic kinds are also described. The second chapter makes use of two of these generic models, the sonnet sequence and the silva, as a way of examining Cummings's deployment of the sonnet within the larger context of his poetry collections. It is a survey of the structure of the anthologies he compiled from Tulips & Chimneys (1922) to 95 Poems (1958). The third chapter explores the three sonnet modes which Cummings first identifies and names when compiling the manuscript of Tulips & Chimneys, and continues to use in his collections up to and including is 5 (1926). Chapter 4 shows how certain themes and concerns from these early sonnets are altered and synthesised as Cummings matures from an aesthete to a Romantic poet. Sonnets from his later books are taken to be representative of three central kinds in all of his work after is 5. Chapters 3 and 4 proceed by means of relatively close readings of individual sonnets. This practice fulfils a double role: it penetrates the apparent obscurity of the more difficult poems, and it attempts to preserve the integrity of individual poems which exemplify different generic tendencies in Cummings's work. One of Cummings's reasons for writing sonnets is that the form favours the achievement of what Wordsworth calls "a feeling of intense unity". In undertaking close readings of a few sonnets I have attempted to preserve that feeling.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
An examination of the suitability of some contemporary South African fiction for readers in the post-developmental reading stage
- Authors: Cole, Lorna
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Children's literature, South African -- History and criticism Children -- Books and reading -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1530 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003412
- Description: Adverse criticism regarding the quantity and quality of children's books in South Africa appear in such respected sources as The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature and The Companion to South African English Literature, the authors of which are of the opinion that South African children are dependent solely upon Eurocentric literature for their reading material. In recent years however, local publishers have attempted to redress this imbalance by offering prizes for unpublished works. These prizes have acted as incentives for aspiring writers, many of whom have had novels published specifically for children in the post-developmental reading stage. This study critically examines some of these prizewinning works of fantasy and contemporary realism, in an effort to gauge their literary worth within the context of accepted criteria for judging children's literature. Accolades from adults are not however a guarantee that the prizewinning books will be received with equal acclaim by the children for whom they are written. For this reason, five children in the post-developmental reading stage were asked to pass their opinions and non-literary judgments on the books. Although the critical evaluation of the indigenous works proves them to be eminently worthy of the prizes which they received on publication, the children did not rate them as highly as certain imported works. The works of fantasy by Marguerite Poland rated poorly in terms of their popularity despite the fact that the children said that in a non-circumscribed context, they choose fantasy in preference to contemporary realism. Within the context of the indigenous literature which they read for this study though, they preferred the works of contemporary realism as they were able to identify with particular aspects of the novels. Indigenous literature for children in the post-developmental reading stage is a comparatively new phenomenon which needs to be nurtured if it is to attain any lasting status. The onus rests upon the teachers of literature and librarians to introduce the literature and make the books more accessible to young readers. Publishers need perhaps to engage the views and opinions of the audience for whom the books are written in an effort to publish books which, without in any way detracting from their literary worth, will deal with subjects favoured by young readers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Cole, Lorna
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Children's literature, South African -- History and criticism Children -- Books and reading -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1530 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003412
- Description: Adverse criticism regarding the quantity and quality of children's books in South Africa appear in such respected sources as The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature and The Companion to South African English Literature, the authors of which are of the opinion that South African children are dependent solely upon Eurocentric literature for their reading material. In recent years however, local publishers have attempted to redress this imbalance by offering prizes for unpublished works. These prizes have acted as incentives for aspiring writers, many of whom have had novels published specifically for children in the post-developmental reading stage. This study critically examines some of these prizewinning works of fantasy and contemporary realism, in an effort to gauge their literary worth within the context of accepted criteria for judging children's literature. Accolades from adults are not however a guarantee that the prizewinning books will be received with equal acclaim by the children for whom they are written. For this reason, five children in the post-developmental reading stage were asked to pass their opinions and non-literary judgments on the books. Although the critical evaluation of the indigenous works proves them to be eminently worthy of the prizes which they received on publication, the children did not rate them as highly as certain imported works. The works of fantasy by Marguerite Poland rated poorly in terms of their popularity despite the fact that the children said that in a non-circumscribed context, they choose fantasy in preference to contemporary realism. Within the context of the indigenous literature which they read for this study though, they preferred the works of contemporary realism as they were able to identify with particular aspects of the novels. Indigenous literature for children in the post-developmental reading stage is a comparatively new phenomenon which needs to be nurtured if it is to attain any lasting status. The onus rests upon the teachers of literature and librarians to introduce the literature and make the books more accessible to young readers. Publishers need perhaps to engage the views and opinions of the audience for whom the books are written in an effort to publish books which, without in any way detracting from their literary worth, will deal with subjects favoured by young readers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
An exploratory field study into schoolgirl pregnancies, with emphasis on the role the school can play in their prevention
- Authors: Kooverjee, Ishwar
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Teenage pregnancy -- South Africa Sex instruction -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1537 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003419
- Description: This piece of research explores the problem of schoolgirl pregnancies and suggests a role which the school might play in their prevention. Concern over the growing number of unplanned pregnancies under the age of eighteen years at the author's school, culminated in the .present study. Experts on the subject often perceive the problem to be self-defeating to the young girls, medically contra-indicated and socially disruptive. The purpose of this investigation was to determine attitudes towards the description of the problem, to identify causative factors predisposing to pregnancy, and to obtain views on how the school can reconcile efforts to address the problem. The relevant research data was obtained through a comprehensive 64 item attitudinal and knowledge-base questionnaire which was administered to a sample of 187 subjects. The sample comprised seven different occupational groups namely, senior schoolgirls, parents of senior schoolgirls, ex-schoolgirl primigravidae, parents of ex-schoolgirl primigravidae, school teachers, members of the clergy and various health care professionals. The appendices contain full statistical tables as well as full responses to the open-ended essay based on the research questionnaire so that the reader is free to check the reasonableness of the conclusions drawn. In the final chapter the author provides a brief summary of findings, offers justification why the teaching of sex education should be a priority in public schools, and makes recommendations, in the main, for the inclusion of school-based sex education as a component of Guidance in terms of rationale and implementation. In addition, suggestions are made with regard to school policy formulation and networking with parents and other community resources. Finally, a choice of four current model programmes for sex education are proposed in an effort to improve and build upon existing programmes in the present South African curriculum. It is the author's belief that this investigation may contribute to course design and perhaps provide hypotheses for more specific studies in the future.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Kooverjee, Ishwar
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Teenage pregnancy -- South Africa Sex instruction -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1537 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003419
- Description: This piece of research explores the problem of schoolgirl pregnancies and suggests a role which the school might play in their prevention. Concern over the growing number of unplanned pregnancies under the age of eighteen years at the author's school, culminated in the .present study. Experts on the subject often perceive the problem to be self-defeating to the young girls, medically contra-indicated and socially disruptive. The purpose of this investigation was to determine attitudes towards the description of the problem, to identify causative factors predisposing to pregnancy, and to obtain views on how the school can reconcile efforts to address the problem. The relevant research data was obtained through a comprehensive 64 item attitudinal and knowledge-base questionnaire which was administered to a sample of 187 subjects. The sample comprised seven different occupational groups namely, senior schoolgirls, parents of senior schoolgirls, ex-schoolgirl primigravidae, parents of ex-schoolgirl primigravidae, school teachers, members of the clergy and various health care professionals. The appendices contain full statistical tables as well as full responses to the open-ended essay based on the research questionnaire so that the reader is free to check the reasonableness of the conclusions drawn. In the final chapter the author provides a brief summary of findings, offers justification why the teaching of sex education should be a priority in public schools, and makes recommendations, in the main, for the inclusion of school-based sex education as a component of Guidance in terms of rationale and implementation. In addition, suggestions are made with regard to school policy formulation and networking with parents and other community resources. Finally, a choice of four current model programmes for sex education are proposed in an effort to improve and build upon existing programmes in the present South African curriculum. It is the author's belief that this investigation may contribute to course design and perhaps provide hypotheses for more specific studies in the future.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
An investigation into the use of weather type models in the teaching of South African climatology at senior secondary school level
- Authors: Schürmann, Leon
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Climatology -- Study and teaching (Secondary) , Geography -- Study and teaching (Secondary)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:2009 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015948
- Description: The synoptic chart encodes climatological and meteorological information in a highly abstract manner. The pupil's level of cognitive development, the nature of the syllabus and the teaching strategies employed by the geography teacher influence the pupil's conceptualisation of information. The synoptic chart is a valuable tool for consolidating the content of the S.A climatology syllabus. Recent research has established that climatology-meteorology, and especially synoptic chart reading and interpretation, is difficult for the concrete thinker. These pupils find difficulty in visualising the weather processes and systems. Provided that they are simple and clear, models are useful teaching devices that integrate and generalise information in a manner that is easily retrievable. The intention of the author is to provide weather type models and other supporting strategies and aids as a means to improve the senior secondary pupil's assimilation of southern African climatological-meteorological information. This model-based approach is tested in the classroom using an action research framework to judge its efficacy. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Schürmann, Leon
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Climatology -- Study and teaching (Secondary) , Geography -- Study and teaching (Secondary)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:2009 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015948
- Description: The synoptic chart encodes climatological and meteorological information in a highly abstract manner. The pupil's level of cognitive development, the nature of the syllabus and the teaching strategies employed by the geography teacher influence the pupil's conceptualisation of information. The synoptic chart is a valuable tool for consolidating the content of the S.A climatology syllabus. Recent research has established that climatology-meteorology, and especially synoptic chart reading and interpretation, is difficult for the concrete thinker. These pupils find difficulty in visualising the weather processes and systems. Provided that they are simple and clear, models are useful teaching devices that integrate and generalise information in a manner that is easily retrievable. The intention of the author is to provide weather type models and other supporting strategies and aids as a means to improve the senior secondary pupil's assimilation of southern African climatological-meteorological information. This model-based approach is tested in the classroom using an action research framework to judge its efficacy. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992