Understanding the harm of rape
- Authors: Kelland, Lindsay-Ann
- Date: 2013-04-19
- Subjects: Rape -- Social aspects--Research -- South Africa Rape -- Psychological aspects -- Research -- South Africa Rape trauma syndrome -- Research -- South Africa Rape victims -- South Africa Patriarchy -- South Africa Sexual dominance and submission -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2700 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001582
- Description: The aims of this thesis are twofold: to provide an account of the lived experience of the harm of male-on-female rape in patriarchal societies and, on the basis of this account, to generate suggestions that could be of use in the recovery process for survivors of this type of rape. In order to reach these aims my thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part, I propose a phenomenologically based account of women’s situation as a group under patriarchy, according to which women as a group are subjugated to the hegemonic rule of patriarchal ideology. I argue, further, that the meaning, place and pervasiveness of sexual objectification in the lives of women under patriarchy typically results in women’s alienation from their bodies and creates an atmosphere of threat under which women qua women are especially vulnerable to rape. In the second part, I explore the lived experience of the harm of rape; focusing, first, on the reflexive process whereby a survivor attempts to understand how she has been harmed and, second, on providing explanations based on shared features in the lives of women for two phenomena reported to be experienced by rape victims in the aftermath of the trauma, which I call ‘shattering’ and ‘fragmentation'. My discussion of the lived experience of the harm of rape is meant to supplement existing accounts in the contemporary literature that, I argue, are limited to a thirdperson, objective point of view and so fail to provide a link between the harms they describe and the victim’s actual experience of these harms. Finally, I defend two suggestions for the building up of the survivor’s agency and personhood in the aftermath of rape—the deliberate therapeutic use of feminist consciousness-raising and the use of narrative understanding. , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kelland, Lindsay-Ann
- Date: 2013-04-19
- Subjects: Rape -- Social aspects--Research -- South Africa Rape -- Psychological aspects -- Research -- South Africa Rape trauma syndrome -- Research -- South Africa Rape victims -- South Africa Patriarchy -- South Africa Sexual dominance and submission -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2700 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001582
- Description: The aims of this thesis are twofold: to provide an account of the lived experience of the harm of male-on-female rape in patriarchal societies and, on the basis of this account, to generate suggestions that could be of use in the recovery process for survivors of this type of rape. In order to reach these aims my thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part, I propose a phenomenologically based account of women’s situation as a group under patriarchy, according to which women as a group are subjugated to the hegemonic rule of patriarchal ideology. I argue, further, that the meaning, place and pervasiveness of sexual objectification in the lives of women under patriarchy typically results in women’s alienation from their bodies and creates an atmosphere of threat under which women qua women are especially vulnerable to rape. In the second part, I explore the lived experience of the harm of rape; focusing, first, on the reflexive process whereby a survivor attempts to understand how she has been harmed and, second, on providing explanations based on shared features in the lives of women for two phenomena reported to be experienced by rape victims in the aftermath of the trauma, which I call ‘shattering’ and ‘fragmentation'. My discussion of the lived experience of the harm of rape is meant to supplement existing accounts in the contemporary literature that, I argue, are limited to a thirdperson, objective point of view and so fail to provide a link between the harms they describe and the victim’s actual experience of these harms. Finally, I defend two suggestions for the building up of the survivor’s agency and personhood in the aftermath of rape—the deliberate therapeutic use of feminist consciousness-raising and the use of narrative understanding. , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
Sequence and structural investigation of the nonribosomal peptide synthetases of Bacillus atrophaeus UCMB 5137(63Z)
- Authors: Ryan, Candice Nancy
- Date: 2013 , 2013-04-19
- Subjects: Bacillus (Bacteria) , Peptides--Synthesis , Antibiotics , Drug resistance in microorganisms , Amino acids , Phytopathogenic microorganisms , Trees--Phylogeny , Ligases
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3891 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003057 , Bacillus (Bacteria) , Peptides--Synthesis , Antibiotics , Drug resistance in microorganisms , Amino acids , Phytopathogenic microorganisms , Trees--Phylogeny , Ligases
- Description: Due to increased plant resistance to the existing antibiotics produced, there is a need to develop alternatives. Nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) are important plant phytopathogens synthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). In this study, a newly sequenced Bacillus strain Bacillus atrophaeus UCMB 5137 (63Z), found to have increased phytopathogenic activity, was investigated to gain insights to the possible reason behind this activity. NRPS modules were identified using a novel script that can act on unannotated, raw DNA sequences. The Structure Based Sequence Analysis Webserver was used to identify the amino acids incorporated into the final NRP, which were compared to the NRP database. Five NRPSs were found within the strain; fengycin/plipstatin, mycosubtilin, surfactin, bacillibactin and bacitracin. Some of the modules usually present for these NRPSs were not present in the test strain and only a few modules were found. A phylogenetic study was carried out and the topologies of the trees showed that genes were not transferred horizontally. It did, however, lead to the hypothesis that different NRPS genes are under different adaptive evolutionary pressures. Only slight conformational changes between L and D-conformation of amino acids were seen between the test and neighboring strains. All of the linker and terminal regions of synthetases were found to exhibit a large amount of conservation overall. Homology modeling was performed on the test strain on selected modules, TE and A-domains of fengycin and mycosubtilin synthetases. TE-domains between the different synthetases are different and specific for the NRP they facilitate release for. The NRPS from which the A-domain originates also influences substrate specificity as well as the module in which the A-domain occurs within the NRPS. Binding pockets of A-domains of differing substrate specificity were compared. Future work will include; refinement of the models and docking studies within the A-domain binding pocket. , Microsoft� Word 2010 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Ryan, Candice Nancy
- Date: 2013 , 2013-04-19
- Subjects: Bacillus (Bacteria) , Peptides--Synthesis , Antibiotics , Drug resistance in microorganisms , Amino acids , Phytopathogenic microorganisms , Trees--Phylogeny , Ligases
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3891 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003057 , Bacillus (Bacteria) , Peptides--Synthesis , Antibiotics , Drug resistance in microorganisms , Amino acids , Phytopathogenic microorganisms , Trees--Phylogeny , Ligases
- Description: Due to increased plant resistance to the existing antibiotics produced, there is a need to develop alternatives. Nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) are important plant phytopathogens synthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). In this study, a newly sequenced Bacillus strain Bacillus atrophaeus UCMB 5137 (63Z), found to have increased phytopathogenic activity, was investigated to gain insights to the possible reason behind this activity. NRPS modules were identified using a novel script that can act on unannotated, raw DNA sequences. The Structure Based Sequence Analysis Webserver was used to identify the amino acids incorporated into the final NRP, which were compared to the NRP database. Five NRPSs were found within the strain; fengycin/plipstatin, mycosubtilin, surfactin, bacillibactin and bacitracin. Some of the modules usually present for these NRPSs were not present in the test strain and only a few modules were found. A phylogenetic study was carried out and the topologies of the trees showed that genes were not transferred horizontally. It did, however, lead to the hypothesis that different NRPS genes are under different adaptive evolutionary pressures. Only slight conformational changes between L and D-conformation of amino acids were seen between the test and neighboring strains. All of the linker and terminal regions of synthetases were found to exhibit a large amount of conservation overall. Homology modeling was performed on the test strain on selected modules, TE and A-domains of fengycin and mycosubtilin synthetases. TE-domains between the different synthetases are different and specific for the NRP they facilitate release for. The NRPS from which the A-domain originates also influences substrate specificity as well as the module in which the A-domain occurs within the NRPS. Binding pockets of A-domains of differing substrate specificity were compared. Future work will include; refinement of the models and docking studies within the A-domain binding pocket. , Microsoft� Word 2010 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
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