Glasnost and glaciers, yurts and yaks : a scientist in Soviet Central Asia
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 1991
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6707 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006744
- Description: Why are glaciers retreating, and are all glaciers retreating? There is much evidence to suggest that, globally, mean annual air temperatures are rising. Yet not all areas of the world have experienced temperature increases. In 1989 a Joint UNESCO/IGCP research project, Project 297, was initiated in order to identify and correlate geocryological features in mountain areas. A visit to the Alpine Geocryology station of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR to study rock glaciers afforded the author a glimpse of Soviet Asian evidence of climatic change and caused him to revise his interpretation of rock glacier and other geocryological remains in the eastern Cape Drakensberg.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1991
Racial segregation in East London, 1836-1948
- Authors: Nel, Etienne L
- Date: 1991
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6717 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006790
- Description: Urban racial segregation in East London has a distinctive heritage, making the city one of South Africa's most segregated in the pre-Union era. Segregation was initiated by the British military in the then colony of British Kaffraria, and was later enhanced by successive municipal councils. Municipal ordinances ensured exceptionally high levels of segregation in the city during the 19th century. The enforcement of Asian segregation in this era is noteworthy. Urban planning in the 20th century resulted as much from local as national considerations and legislation. Segregation was a reality in East London prior to the passage of the Group Areas Act. The deteriorating social circumstances in the long-segregated African areas in particular receive special mention, as do government attempts to rectify the situation through the institution of state commissions.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1991
The human skin-blanching assay for comparing topical corticosteroid availability
- Authors: Smith, Eric W , Meyer, Eric , Haigh, John M , Maibach, Harold I
- Date: 1991
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6433 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006604
- Description: The human skin blanching assay remains in widespread use as a reliable, qualitative, comparative indicator of topical corticosteroid availability and potency. The experimental refinements promulgated by certain researchers in this field have yielded a versatile bioassay for the accurate assessment of new drugs or delivery vehicles. With the increasing appearance of generic topical corticosteroid formulations which compete with trade-name equivalents, the vital importance of this assay in regulatory affairs and assessing bioequivalence has been re-emphasized. It is stressed that if the blanching assay is to be used in this sphere, then multiple-reading trials must be conducted; important registration or clinical decisions cannot be made with any validity from short-term assessments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1991
Topical corticosteroid-induced skin blanching measurement, eye or instrument?
- Authors: Haigh, John M , Smith, Eric W
- Date: 1991
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6378 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006296
- Description: We have read with interest a recent critique of the human skin blanching assay. We are concerned about the accuracy of statements and the interpretation of results presented in this publication. Having successfully employed this bioassay for over 15 years, and having noted similar, productive usage of this optimized technique reported from laboratories worldwide, the negativism expressed in the critique could dissuade potential researchers from employing this extremely useful assay procedure.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1991