at the conference in munich
- Authors: Krueger, Anton
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/229774 , vital:49709 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC47821"
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Krueger, Anton
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/229774 , vital:49709 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC47821"
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Attitudes towards hunting amongst the economically active public in Port Elizabeth
- Coetzer, Wentzel Christoffel
- Authors: Coetzer, Wentzel Christoffel
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Hunting -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Wildlife management -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10746 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1507 , Hunting -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Wildlife management -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: Wildlife ranching is recognized as one of the important agricultural industries in South Africa, with hunting being the primary segment of the game industry. Hunting is an essential part of wildlife management and it contributes significantly to the conservation of biodiversity and to the economy. Despite this, the social acceptability of hunting is often questioned and negative attitudes towards hunting within the larger society may become a potential threat to the hunting industry. This may jeopardize the effective management of game and have a negative impact on conservation and the economy. This study is an empirical investigation of the attitudes of the economically active public in Port Elizabeth towards hunting. The objectives of this study are to investigate the nature and extent of the public's attitudes towards hunting, as well as to identify factors influencing the public's attitudes towards hunting. The study commenced with the establishment of a theoretical framework, based on a literature study on the psychology of human perceptions and attitudes towards hunting. The theoretical framework was then used to develop the empirical component of the study. A survey was conducted amongst a statistically representative sample of the economically active public in Port Elizabeth during 2009. The data was collected by means of personal interviews and self-administered questionnaires were used as the survey instrument. The study found that the economically active public in Port Elizabeth generally holds favourable attitudes towards hunting, with only a small proportion of the population wanting to ban hunting. The belief that hunting endangers wildlife was the most prominent reason for opposing hunting. Negative attitudes towards hunting were largely based on incorrect beliefs regarding hunting. The extent of a person's knowledge of hunting and exposure to hunting, as well as a person's social ties had a significant influence on their attitudes towards hunting.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Coetzer, Wentzel Christoffel
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Hunting -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Wildlife management -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10746 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1507 , Hunting -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Wildlife management -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: Wildlife ranching is recognized as one of the important agricultural industries in South Africa, with hunting being the primary segment of the game industry. Hunting is an essential part of wildlife management and it contributes significantly to the conservation of biodiversity and to the economy. Despite this, the social acceptability of hunting is often questioned and negative attitudes towards hunting within the larger society may become a potential threat to the hunting industry. This may jeopardize the effective management of game and have a negative impact on conservation and the economy. This study is an empirical investigation of the attitudes of the economically active public in Port Elizabeth towards hunting. The objectives of this study are to investigate the nature and extent of the public's attitudes towards hunting, as well as to identify factors influencing the public's attitudes towards hunting. The study commenced with the establishment of a theoretical framework, based on a literature study on the psychology of human perceptions and attitudes towards hunting. The theoretical framework was then used to develop the empirical component of the study. A survey was conducted amongst a statistically representative sample of the economically active public in Port Elizabeth during 2009. The data was collected by means of personal interviews and self-administered questionnaires were used as the survey instrument. The study found that the economically active public in Port Elizabeth generally holds favourable attitudes towards hunting, with only a small proportion of the population wanting to ban hunting. The belief that hunting endangers wildlife was the most prominent reason for opposing hunting. Negative attitudes towards hunting were largely based on incorrect beliefs regarding hunting. The extent of a person's knowledge of hunting and exposure to hunting, as well as a person's social ties had a significant influence on their attitudes towards hunting.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Attracting and retaining customers in South Adrica's banking sector
- Authors: Anani, Ajibola Plakunle
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Banks and banking -- Customer services -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Customer relations -- Management , Consumer satisfaction -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8575 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1532 , Banks and banking -- Customer services -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Customer relations -- Management , Consumer satisfaction -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: The business environment and the economy of the society today are continuously witnessing the impact of globalisation. Telecommunication advancement and transportation has greatly made the impact of globalisation to be felt. Globalisation though argued to have its merits and its demerits have resulted in fierce competition amongst businesses. The banking industry is not isolated from these competitions. Any business wishing to survive and stay profitable in the recent world must be able to compete in the global economy. Hence, for any bank to sustain itself and remain profitable it must be able to withstand the competition in the environment it operates. To be able to compete in the banking industry means delivering better services to customers than competitors. This study presents how the South African banks can satisfy their customers and remain profitable in the face of competition. The South African banking industry consists of local and foreign banks and these banks compete for customers in the environment in which they are located. Increase in different branches by different banks has made the competition even fierce. In other to suggest recommendations for the South African banks to satisfy their customers and become profitable, the researcher identified some problem areas that need to be improved upon. These include customer loyalty, relationship banking and electronic banking. These variables were researched to understand how they affect the banks and the customers and where tested using both a qualitative and a quantitative analysis to ascertain if the customers were satisfied with the banks‟ approach of managing these variables. The results indicated that the customers were satisfied to a lesser extent. Any bank wishing to satisfy its customers and remain profitable in other to compete in the industry needs to satisfy the customer to a large extent. Therefore, recommendations where suggested based on the empirical results to help improve the banking industry‟s ways of attracting and retaining customers. The former will lead to customer satisfaction which again will lead to increased profitability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Anani, Ajibola Plakunle
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Banks and banking -- Customer services -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Customer relations -- Management , Consumer satisfaction -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8575 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1532 , Banks and banking -- Customer services -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Customer relations -- Management , Consumer satisfaction -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: The business environment and the economy of the society today are continuously witnessing the impact of globalisation. Telecommunication advancement and transportation has greatly made the impact of globalisation to be felt. Globalisation though argued to have its merits and its demerits have resulted in fierce competition amongst businesses. The banking industry is not isolated from these competitions. Any business wishing to survive and stay profitable in the recent world must be able to compete in the global economy. Hence, for any bank to sustain itself and remain profitable it must be able to withstand the competition in the environment it operates. To be able to compete in the banking industry means delivering better services to customers than competitors. This study presents how the South African banks can satisfy their customers and remain profitable in the face of competition. The South African banking industry consists of local and foreign banks and these banks compete for customers in the environment in which they are located. Increase in different branches by different banks has made the competition even fierce. In other to suggest recommendations for the South African banks to satisfy their customers and become profitable, the researcher identified some problem areas that need to be improved upon. These include customer loyalty, relationship banking and electronic banking. These variables were researched to understand how they affect the banks and the customers and where tested using both a qualitative and a quantitative analysis to ascertain if the customers were satisfied with the banks‟ approach of managing these variables. The results indicated that the customers were satisfied to a lesser extent. Any bank wishing to satisfy its customers and remain profitable in other to compete in the industry needs to satisfy the customer to a large extent. Therefore, recommendations where suggested based on the empirical results to help improve the banking industry‟s ways of attracting and retaining customers. The former will lead to customer satisfaction which again will lead to increased profitability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Attraction and retention of non-family business employees
- Authors: Van Zyl, Jacques
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Family-owned business enterprises , Employee retention
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8653 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1365 , Family-owned business enterprises , Employee retention
- Description: The purpose of this research treatise was to identify specific aspects related to employees in a non-family owned business that can be adopted by family owned businesses in order to attract, attain and motivate non-family employees. The focus of the researched aspect was based on seven categories of business management, namely; governance, policies and procedures, direction and planning, leadership, employee development, rewards and other general related characteristics. The research commenced with a literature review, which centered on background information pertaining to family owned businesses and specific aspects related to organisation and management thereof. It was assessed that very few completed research papers exit that addressed the topic as indicated above. The research focussed on a medium sized, non-family owned business within the consulting engineering industry. The physical research consisted of a questionnaire distributed to all of the employees of the particular firm. The questionnaire was made up of two sections. The first was a typical Likert scale type and the second, open ended questions. The questions of both question sets were categorised in specific business control and management topics, namely: - Governance; - Policies and procedures; - Direction and planning; - Leadership; - Employee development; - Rewards; and, - General aspects. The primary objective of this study was to identify and explore the factors that are regarded to be important by unrelated employees in work environment, specifically focusing on attaining, retaining and motivating aspects. The study found that the average employee prefers to have desire for formal management structures and see succession planning not only as an important sustainable business strategy, but also as an underlying motivation principle. Also identified were the partialities towards formal employee management systems, employee development, and the value of monetary rewards.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Van Zyl, Jacques
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Family-owned business enterprises , Employee retention
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8653 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1365 , Family-owned business enterprises , Employee retention
- Description: The purpose of this research treatise was to identify specific aspects related to employees in a non-family owned business that can be adopted by family owned businesses in order to attract, attain and motivate non-family employees. The focus of the researched aspect was based on seven categories of business management, namely; governance, policies and procedures, direction and planning, leadership, employee development, rewards and other general related characteristics. The research commenced with a literature review, which centered on background information pertaining to family owned businesses and specific aspects related to organisation and management thereof. It was assessed that very few completed research papers exit that addressed the topic as indicated above. The research focussed on a medium sized, non-family owned business within the consulting engineering industry. The physical research consisted of a questionnaire distributed to all of the employees of the particular firm. The questionnaire was made up of two sections. The first was a typical Likert scale type and the second, open ended questions. The questions of both question sets were categorised in specific business control and management topics, namely: - Governance; - Policies and procedures; - Direction and planning; - Leadership; - Employee development; - Rewards; and, - General aspects. The primary objective of this study was to identify and explore the factors that are regarded to be important by unrelated employees in work environment, specifically focusing on attaining, retaining and motivating aspects. The study found that the average employee prefers to have desire for formal management structures and see succession planning not only as an important sustainable business strategy, but also as an underlying motivation principle. Also identified were the partialities towards formal employee management systems, employee development, and the value of monetary rewards.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Audit of community pharmacy activities
- Authors: Blignault, Suzette Martha
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Pharmacy , Community health services
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:10130 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1533 , Pharmacy , Community health services
- Description: In South Africa the pharmacy profession has experienced a number of changes around the turn of the century such as the introduction of the National Drug Policy (NDP), pharmacy ownership and price regulation. With this the role and earnings of the pharmacy profession, as well as to what extent the pharmacist adds value to the profession and society, are being questioned. Community pharmacists are thus faced with the challenge to prove that the value that they add to society is meaningful. Therefore, the aim of the study was to document community pharmacy availability and activities in South Africa and based on this to quantify the perceived value that the community pharmacist adds to society through the delivery of pharmaceutical services and pharmaceutical care. In order to determine the pharmacist’s true value added two surveys were conducted in 2006; an original pharmacist survey and a general public survey. The results obtained were verified by a follow–up pharmacist survey in 2009 to confirm or reject the results obtained in the original survey. The study was representative of both the community pharmacies and the general public in South Africa and was primarily quantitative in design and analysis. More than half of the responding pharmacies (63.16%) were open seven days a week. The average hours of service per day ranged from 10 hours (Monday to Friday) through to 6.45 hours on Saturdays and 3 hours on Sundays. Pharmacists continuously upgraded their professional knowledge. More than three quarters of pharmacies had the necessary equipment available to perform the services investigated in the study. The general public was not aware of all the services provided by pharmacists and as a result, depending on the service, many people did not make use of these services. The general public that made use of services delivered by community pharmacies mainly perceived the services delivered to be of good quality. The main barrier to practicing pharmaceutical care was indicated by pharmacists as not receiving payment for the advice given followed by pharmaceutical care being time consuming, and that there was not enough time to talk to patients. The general public indicated that they found it difficult to ask questions in pharmacies because other patients could hear what was discussed, or other patients had to wait longer if they asked something, and pharmacy staff being too busy. The results of the original pharmacist and the general public survey were confirmed by the results of the follow-up survey with the exception of dispensing prescription medicine (8 minutes 28 seconds), OTC medicine (7 minutes 23 seconds), counselling of prescription medicine (8 minutes 51 seconds) and OTC medicine (8 minutes) which on average took longer to conduct than in the previous analysis. The study highlighted the value added to the wellness and quality of life of the community of South Africa through the delivery of pharmaceutical care and pharmaceutical services by community pharmacy staff, and proved that pharmacists are committed to the provision of pharmaceutical care and pharmaceutical services.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Blignault, Suzette Martha
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Pharmacy , Community health services
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:10130 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1533 , Pharmacy , Community health services
- Description: In South Africa the pharmacy profession has experienced a number of changes around the turn of the century such as the introduction of the National Drug Policy (NDP), pharmacy ownership and price regulation. With this the role and earnings of the pharmacy profession, as well as to what extent the pharmacist adds value to the profession and society, are being questioned. Community pharmacists are thus faced with the challenge to prove that the value that they add to society is meaningful. Therefore, the aim of the study was to document community pharmacy availability and activities in South Africa and based on this to quantify the perceived value that the community pharmacist adds to society through the delivery of pharmaceutical services and pharmaceutical care. In order to determine the pharmacist’s true value added two surveys were conducted in 2006; an original pharmacist survey and a general public survey. The results obtained were verified by a follow–up pharmacist survey in 2009 to confirm or reject the results obtained in the original survey. The study was representative of both the community pharmacies and the general public in South Africa and was primarily quantitative in design and analysis. More than half of the responding pharmacies (63.16%) were open seven days a week. The average hours of service per day ranged from 10 hours (Monday to Friday) through to 6.45 hours on Saturdays and 3 hours on Sundays. Pharmacists continuously upgraded their professional knowledge. More than three quarters of pharmacies had the necessary equipment available to perform the services investigated in the study. The general public was not aware of all the services provided by pharmacists and as a result, depending on the service, many people did not make use of these services. The general public that made use of services delivered by community pharmacies mainly perceived the services delivered to be of good quality. The main barrier to practicing pharmaceutical care was indicated by pharmacists as not receiving payment for the advice given followed by pharmaceutical care being time consuming, and that there was not enough time to talk to patients. The general public indicated that they found it difficult to ask questions in pharmacies because other patients could hear what was discussed, or other patients had to wait longer if they asked something, and pharmacy staff being too busy. The results of the original pharmacist and the general public survey were confirmed by the results of the follow-up survey with the exception of dispensing prescription medicine (8 minutes 28 seconds), OTC medicine (7 minutes 23 seconds), counselling of prescription medicine (8 minutes 51 seconds) and OTC medicine (8 minutes) which on average took longer to conduct than in the previous analysis. The study highlighted the value added to the wellness and quality of life of the community of South Africa through the delivery of pharmaceutical care and pharmaceutical services by community pharmacy staff, and proved that pharmacists are committed to the provision of pharmaceutical care and pharmaceutical services.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Bandwidth management and monitoring for community networks
- Irwin, Barry V W, Siebörger, Ingrid, Wells, Daniel
- Authors: Irwin, Barry V W , Siebörger, Ingrid , Wells, Daniel
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428040 , vital:72482 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ingrid-Sieboerger/publication/265121154_Bandwidth_management_and_monitoring_for_community_networks/links/5e538b85458515072db7a686/Bandwidth-management-and-monitoring-for-community-networks.pdf
- Description: This paper describes a custom-built system to replace existing routing solutions within an identified community network. The community net-work in question shares a VSAT Internet connection to provide Internet access to a number of schools and their surrounding communities. This connection provides a limited resource which needs to be managed in order to ensure equitable use by members of the community. The community network originally lacked any form of bandwidth manage-ment or monitoring which often resulted in unfair use and abuse. The solution implemented is based on a client-server architecture. The Community Access Points (CAPs) are the client components which are located at each school; providing the computers and servers with ac-cess to the rest of the community network and the Internet. These nodes also perform a number of monitoring tasks for the computers at the schools. The server component is the Access Concentrator (AC) and connects the CAPs together using encrypted and authenticated PPPoE tunnels. The AC performs several additional monitoring func-tions, both on the individual links and on the upstream Internet connec-tion. The AC provides a means of effectively and centrally managing and allocating Internet bandwidth between the schools. The system that was developed has a number of features, including Quality of Service adjustments limiting network usage and fairly billing each school for their Internet use. The system provides an effective means for sharing bandwidth between users in a community network.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Irwin, Barry V W , Siebörger, Ingrid , Wells, Daniel
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428040 , vital:72482 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ingrid-Sieboerger/publication/265121154_Bandwidth_management_and_monitoring_for_community_networks/links/5e538b85458515072db7a686/Bandwidth-management-and-monitoring-for-community-networks.pdf
- Description: This paper describes a custom-built system to replace existing routing solutions within an identified community network. The community net-work in question shares a VSAT Internet connection to provide Internet access to a number of schools and their surrounding communities. This connection provides a limited resource which needs to be managed in order to ensure equitable use by members of the community. The community network originally lacked any form of bandwidth manage-ment or monitoring which often resulted in unfair use and abuse. The solution implemented is based on a client-server architecture. The Community Access Points (CAPs) are the client components which are located at each school; providing the computers and servers with ac-cess to the rest of the community network and the Internet. These nodes also perform a number of monitoring tasks for the computers at the schools. The server component is the Access Concentrator (AC) and connects the CAPs together using encrypted and authenticated PPPoE tunnels. The AC performs several additional monitoring func-tions, both on the individual links and on the upstream Internet connec-tion. The AC provides a means of effectively and centrally managing and allocating Internet bandwidth between the schools. The system that was developed has a number of features, including Quality of Service adjustments limiting network usage and fairly billing each school for their Internet use. The system provides an effective means for sharing bandwidth between users in a community network.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Barriers to accessing water services in the Motherwell township
- Authors: Mbashe, Mfundo
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Water-supply -- Developing countries , Water resources development -- Developing countries , Water supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Management , Water supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Cost effectiveness
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9039 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1190 , Water-supply -- Developing countries , Water resources development -- Developing countries , Water supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Management , Water supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Cost effectiveness
- Description: Access to adequate water and sanitation services in South Africa still remain a pipe dream for the millions who are trapped at the bottom of the class structures in the country. The poverty stricken communities living in Townships such as Motherwell, everyday long for water services infrastructure to be built in their places of residence. The costs of accessing water services also becomes a setback for many consumers in the area, this is after the infrastructure has been installed in their areas. The high unemployment rate plays an enormous role in many consumers not affording water services. Bureaucracy between the government department of Housing and the NMMBM also impedes delivery of water services for without formal housing, water and sanitation is impossible to be accessed within the households. The study revealed from the semi-structured interviews which were held with Mayoral Council official and Ward Councillors as well as with members of the communities NU 12 and 29 that access to adequate water services was not successful and satisfactory. The findings of the research demonstrate that the Municipality has a problem with retaining staff members in the portfolio of Infrastructure, Engineering, Electricity and Energy, which is the responsible department for providing water and sanitation services to the local inhabitants. This study was conducted from April 2009 to November 2009 and it was aimed at finding the Barriers to accessing water services in the Motherwell Township.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mbashe, Mfundo
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Water-supply -- Developing countries , Water resources development -- Developing countries , Water supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Management , Water supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Cost effectiveness
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9039 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1190 , Water-supply -- Developing countries , Water resources development -- Developing countries , Water supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Management , Water supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Cost effectiveness
- Description: Access to adequate water and sanitation services in South Africa still remain a pipe dream for the millions who are trapped at the bottom of the class structures in the country. The poverty stricken communities living in Townships such as Motherwell, everyday long for water services infrastructure to be built in their places of residence. The costs of accessing water services also becomes a setback for many consumers in the area, this is after the infrastructure has been installed in their areas. The high unemployment rate plays an enormous role in many consumers not affording water services. Bureaucracy between the government department of Housing and the NMMBM also impedes delivery of water services for without formal housing, water and sanitation is impossible to be accessed within the households. The study revealed from the semi-structured interviews which were held with Mayoral Council official and Ward Councillors as well as with members of the communities NU 12 and 29 that access to adequate water services was not successful and satisfactory. The findings of the research demonstrate that the Municipality has a problem with retaining staff members in the portfolio of Infrastructure, Engineering, Electricity and Energy, which is the responsible department for providing water and sanitation services to the local inhabitants. This study was conducted from April 2009 to November 2009 and it was aimed at finding the Barriers to accessing water services in the Motherwell Township.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Becoming a business journalist in Malawi: a case study of The Daily Times and The Nation newspapers
- Authors: Manjawira, Ellard Spencer
- Date: 2010 , 2013-07-17
- Subjects: Journalists -- Malawi Journalism -- Study and teaching -- Malawi Journalists -- Training of -- Malawi Journalists -- Education -- Malawi
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3506 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007440
- Description: In the past few decades, the proportion of business news compared to general news has increased tremendously across all media platforms in Africa. While the critical role played by business journalism is recognised, little is known about the people who write and report such news. Most studies on business reporting have tended to focus on analysing the content of business news, rather than the specific processes through which business journalists are socialized and trained. The findings of this study are drawn mainly from in-depth interviews with business reporters and editors at two leading newspapers in Malawi, The Daily Times and The Nation. Three major findings emerge trom the study data. First, business journalists vary in their educational and professional backgrounds, as well as the reasons for working on this beat. Second, the majority of them have no prerequisite formal education and training in business journalism and, therefore, have little knowledge and skills about what constitute good business journalism. Third, professionalism in the sub-field is constrained by a host of factors, influence of advertisers being the critical one. The study recommends that business reporting become an integral component of journalism education and training programmes to adequately prepare future generations of business journalists. In addition there is need for media houses to devise strategies to counter obstacles that business journalists face for them to effectively contribute to political economy debate. , KMBT_363
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Manjawira, Ellard Spencer
- Date: 2010 , 2013-07-17
- Subjects: Journalists -- Malawi Journalism -- Study and teaching -- Malawi Journalists -- Training of -- Malawi Journalists -- Education -- Malawi
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3506 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007440
- Description: In the past few decades, the proportion of business news compared to general news has increased tremendously across all media platforms in Africa. While the critical role played by business journalism is recognised, little is known about the people who write and report such news. Most studies on business reporting have tended to focus on analysing the content of business news, rather than the specific processes through which business journalists are socialized and trained. The findings of this study are drawn mainly from in-depth interviews with business reporters and editors at two leading newspapers in Malawi, The Daily Times and The Nation. Three major findings emerge trom the study data. First, business journalists vary in their educational and professional backgrounds, as well as the reasons for working on this beat. Second, the majority of them have no prerequisite formal education and training in business journalism and, therefore, have little knowledge and skills about what constitute good business journalism. Third, professionalism in the sub-field is constrained by a host of factors, influence of advertisers being the critical one. The study recommends that business reporting become an integral component of journalism education and training programmes to adequately prepare future generations of business journalists. In addition there is need for media houses to devise strategies to counter obstacles that business journalists face for them to effectively contribute to political economy debate. , KMBT_363
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine in South African fresh water cyanobacteria : incidence, prevalence, ecotoxicological considerations and human exposure risk
- Authors: Esterhuizen-Londt, Maranda
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Cyanobacteria , Bioaccumulation , Chromatographic analysis , Neurotoxic agents
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:10306 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1473 , Cyanobacteria , Bioaccumulation , Chromatographic analysis , Neurotoxic agents
- Description: β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid associated with human neurodegenerative disease. Due to the cosmopolitan nature of cyanobacteria, detection of BMAA in cyanobacteria has caused concerns about human exposure risk. This study was therefore based on the hypothesis that BMAA poses a health risk to humans either by direct ingestion or by indirect exposure to BMAA from a cyanobacterial source via a freshwater food chain. A validated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) BMAA analysis method and a confirmatory liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method, with improved sensitivity, were developed in addition to a LC-MS/MS method for analyte confirmation. These methods were used to quantify BMAA in South African cyanobacteria, isolated from various potable water reservoirs. The majority of the isolates tested, contained BMAA. Possible human exposure by direct consumption of BMAA released from cyanobacterial blooms was investigated by the development of a robust solid phase extraction (SPE) method used for BMAA concentration and quantification in raw and treated tap water. Despite the use of the SPE method that facilitated the concentration of BMAA from large quantities of water, no free dissolved BMAA was detected in raw or processed fresh water. The fate of exogenous BMAA was therefore investigated firstly by evaluating the efficacy of standard water treatment processes employed in South Africa and secondly by investigating the possibility of BMAA bioaccumulation and biomagnification in aquatic food chains. Standard water treatment processes proved highly efficient at removing free dissolved BMAA, explaining the absence of BMAA in treated tap water. However, the cause of the BMAA absence in raw potable water remained unknown. Uptake of BMAA by model aquatic organisms was investigated in controlled experiments. BMAA uptake was documented in both Ceratophyllum demersum and Daphnia magna, however, BMAA-protein association and biomagnification were not observed in D. magna. BMAA had an inhibitory effect on the oxidative stress enzyme acitivties of both organisms tested (as well as human S9 extracts), resulting in accumulation of detrimental reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells. Exposure of crop plants to BMAA in controlled experiments resulted in BMAA uptake, protein association, and subsequent inhibition of the antioxidative enzyme activities. However, BMAA was detected in neither free nor protein-associated form in natural crop plants irrigated with known BMAA-containing bloom water. Post-mortem liver samples of Clarias gariepinus (Catfish) and Crocodylus niloticus (Crocodile), from a natural fresh water ecosystem that experienced frequent cyanobacterial blooms, contained both free and protein-associated BMAA. Higher BMAA concentrations were found in crocodile liver samples compared to fish liver samples, strongly suggesting biomagnification from one trophic level to the next. BMAA concentrations corresponded to crocodile age. This is the first report of bioaccumulation and biomagnification in two trophic levels in a fresh water ecosystem. These findings strongly suggest possible human exposure via aquatic food chains of cyanobacterial origin. Direct BMAA exposure via drinking water is not plausible due to the efficiency of standard water treatment processes to remove BMAA. The use of raw water for agricultural and recreational use, however, remains a problem. The development of management strategies as well as daily tolerable levels for BMAA is urgently required.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Esterhuizen-Londt, Maranda
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Cyanobacteria , Bioaccumulation , Chromatographic analysis , Neurotoxic agents
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:10306 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1473 , Cyanobacteria , Bioaccumulation , Chromatographic analysis , Neurotoxic agents
- Description: β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid associated with human neurodegenerative disease. Due to the cosmopolitan nature of cyanobacteria, detection of BMAA in cyanobacteria has caused concerns about human exposure risk. This study was therefore based on the hypothesis that BMAA poses a health risk to humans either by direct ingestion or by indirect exposure to BMAA from a cyanobacterial source via a freshwater food chain. A validated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) BMAA analysis method and a confirmatory liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method, with improved sensitivity, were developed in addition to a LC-MS/MS method for analyte confirmation. These methods were used to quantify BMAA in South African cyanobacteria, isolated from various potable water reservoirs. The majority of the isolates tested, contained BMAA. Possible human exposure by direct consumption of BMAA released from cyanobacterial blooms was investigated by the development of a robust solid phase extraction (SPE) method used for BMAA concentration and quantification in raw and treated tap water. Despite the use of the SPE method that facilitated the concentration of BMAA from large quantities of water, no free dissolved BMAA was detected in raw or processed fresh water. The fate of exogenous BMAA was therefore investigated firstly by evaluating the efficacy of standard water treatment processes employed in South Africa and secondly by investigating the possibility of BMAA bioaccumulation and biomagnification in aquatic food chains. Standard water treatment processes proved highly efficient at removing free dissolved BMAA, explaining the absence of BMAA in treated tap water. However, the cause of the BMAA absence in raw potable water remained unknown. Uptake of BMAA by model aquatic organisms was investigated in controlled experiments. BMAA uptake was documented in both Ceratophyllum demersum and Daphnia magna, however, BMAA-protein association and biomagnification were not observed in D. magna. BMAA had an inhibitory effect on the oxidative stress enzyme acitivties of both organisms tested (as well as human S9 extracts), resulting in accumulation of detrimental reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells. Exposure of crop plants to BMAA in controlled experiments resulted in BMAA uptake, protein association, and subsequent inhibition of the antioxidative enzyme activities. However, BMAA was detected in neither free nor protein-associated form in natural crop plants irrigated with known BMAA-containing bloom water. Post-mortem liver samples of Clarias gariepinus (Catfish) and Crocodylus niloticus (Crocodile), from a natural fresh water ecosystem that experienced frequent cyanobacterial blooms, contained both free and protein-associated BMAA. Higher BMAA concentrations were found in crocodile liver samples compared to fish liver samples, strongly suggesting biomagnification from one trophic level to the next. BMAA concentrations corresponded to crocodile age. This is the first report of bioaccumulation and biomagnification in two trophic levels in a fresh water ecosystem. These findings strongly suggest possible human exposure via aquatic food chains of cyanobacterial origin. Direct BMAA exposure via drinking water is not plausible due to the efficiency of standard water treatment processes to remove BMAA. The use of raw water for agricultural and recreational use, however, remains a problem. The development of management strategies as well as daily tolerable levels for BMAA is urgently required.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Beyond Afrocentricism and Orientalism contemporary representations of transnational identities in the works of Nontsikelelo "Lolo" Veleko and Tracy Payne
- Authors: Pycroft, Hayley
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Veleko, Nontsikelelo -- Criticism and interpretation Payne, Tracy, 1965- -- Criticism and interpretation Afrocentrism Orientalism Art and race Art and society Gender identity in art Art -- Political aspects Photographers -- South Africa Painters -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2420 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002216
- Description: South African photographer Nontsikelelo “Lolo” Veleko and South African painter Tracy Payne explore different ways of communicating African realities. The visual imagery of these two artists focuses a lot on movement, challenging the rigidity of boundaries set by Western social constructs. In their work, Veleko and Payne critique the limitations of terms such as “authenticity.” It is extremely difficult to portray shifting notions of contemporary African identity in light of the stain of colonial philosophies which have, in times past, exoticised and appropriated the African body and ascribed conventions of “authenticity” to African representations. Undermining the burden of Western boundaries1, Veleko and Payne redefine what it means to operate in Africa today. Veleko seeks additional cultural realities to complicate her identity as a woman living in Africa while Payne uses concepts of movement to question the validity of structures which advocate an either/ or binary such as “East” and “West” and “masculinity” and “femininity”. By subtly merging aspects of these binaries in their representations, Veleko and Payne bring transnational possibilities to light by undermining the restrictions inscribed in the social and political history of (South) Africa with regard to collective and individual identities. Constructs of gender have contributed to a heightened sense of “African” “masculinity,” forming a stereotype of the African body which is difficult to break free from. Considering the notion of transnationalism and the issue of moving beyond boundaries, borrowing aspects of different cultures in attempt to better define a sense of self, Veleko and Payne engage in the sampling of different lifestyles and perspectives to better define their individualities. This thesis seeks to provide an analysis of the visual language used by Veleko and Payne to promote fluid “African” identities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Pycroft, Hayley
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Veleko, Nontsikelelo -- Criticism and interpretation Payne, Tracy, 1965- -- Criticism and interpretation Afrocentrism Orientalism Art and race Art and society Gender identity in art Art -- Political aspects Photographers -- South Africa Painters -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2420 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002216
- Description: South African photographer Nontsikelelo “Lolo” Veleko and South African painter Tracy Payne explore different ways of communicating African realities. The visual imagery of these two artists focuses a lot on movement, challenging the rigidity of boundaries set by Western social constructs. In their work, Veleko and Payne critique the limitations of terms such as “authenticity.” It is extremely difficult to portray shifting notions of contemporary African identity in light of the stain of colonial philosophies which have, in times past, exoticised and appropriated the African body and ascribed conventions of “authenticity” to African representations. Undermining the burden of Western boundaries1, Veleko and Payne redefine what it means to operate in Africa today. Veleko seeks additional cultural realities to complicate her identity as a woman living in Africa while Payne uses concepts of movement to question the validity of structures which advocate an either/ or binary such as “East” and “West” and “masculinity” and “femininity”. By subtly merging aspects of these binaries in their representations, Veleko and Payne bring transnational possibilities to light by undermining the restrictions inscribed in the social and political history of (South) Africa with regard to collective and individual identities. Constructs of gender have contributed to a heightened sense of “African” “masculinity,” forming a stereotype of the African body which is difficult to break free from. Considering the notion of transnationalism and the issue of moving beyond boundaries, borrowing aspects of different cultures in attempt to better define a sense of self, Veleko and Payne engage in the sampling of different lifestyles and perspectives to better define their individualities. This thesis seeks to provide an analysis of the visual language used by Veleko and Payne to promote fluid “African” identities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Beyond coming out: lesbians' stories of sexual identity in the context of a historically white university
- Authors: Gibson, Alexandra Farren
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Lesbianism -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Homosexuality -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Coming out (Sexual orientation) -- South Africa -- Grahamstown College students -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- Sexual behavior Rhodes University College students -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- Attitudes College students -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- Social conditions College students -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- Conduct of life College students -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- Social life and customs Homosexuality and education -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Gender identity in education -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Discourse analysis, Narrative -- Psychological aspects Discursive psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2981 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002490
- Description: Substantial contributions have been made by lesbian and gay developmental theorists in understanding the development of lesbian and gay sexual identities, or what has come to be known as the coming out process. “Coming out of the closet” has become a central metaphor, in western contexts, for the recognisable process gay men and lesbians undergo in order to claim a relatively stable and enduring sexual identity, while overcoming obstacles such as heterosexism. Lesbians’ sexual identities are examined in this thesis through a Foucauldian lens which is fused with a narrative-discursive perspective. The aim of this study is not to trace a progressive development of identity, but rather to consider how lesbians in this study are located within a specific context, namely, a historically white university in post-apartheid South Africa, and how their identities are dynamic products of ever-shifting socio-historical spaces. Eight lesbians’ stories are analysed using the narrative-discursive method, which allows for a consideration for how the construction and negotiation of identities is shaped and constrained by social and discursive conditions. The women in this study do utilise the concept of coming out to some extent in their stories, but this narrative does not entirely account for their experiences. Instead, these women’s accounts reflect the way in which they personally experience heterosexism, and how they constantly negotiate their sexual identities within certain social and geographical spaces. When the nuances of lesbians’ contexts are taken into account, it becomes clear that claiming a lesbian identity is more than just about “coming out”, and rather about an on-going process of identity management.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Gibson, Alexandra Farren
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Lesbianism -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Homosexuality -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Coming out (Sexual orientation) -- South Africa -- Grahamstown College students -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- Sexual behavior Rhodes University College students -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- Attitudes College students -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- Social conditions College students -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- Conduct of life College students -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- Social life and customs Homosexuality and education -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Gender identity in education -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Discourse analysis, Narrative -- Psychological aspects Discursive psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2981 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002490
- Description: Substantial contributions have been made by lesbian and gay developmental theorists in understanding the development of lesbian and gay sexual identities, or what has come to be known as the coming out process. “Coming out of the closet” has become a central metaphor, in western contexts, for the recognisable process gay men and lesbians undergo in order to claim a relatively stable and enduring sexual identity, while overcoming obstacles such as heterosexism. Lesbians’ sexual identities are examined in this thesis through a Foucauldian lens which is fused with a narrative-discursive perspective. The aim of this study is not to trace a progressive development of identity, but rather to consider how lesbians in this study are located within a specific context, namely, a historically white university in post-apartheid South Africa, and how their identities are dynamic products of ever-shifting socio-historical spaces. Eight lesbians’ stories are analysed using the narrative-discursive method, which allows for a consideration for how the construction and negotiation of identities is shaped and constrained by social and discursive conditions. The women in this study do utilise the concept of coming out to some extent in their stories, but this narrative does not entirely account for their experiences. Instead, these women’s accounts reflect the way in which they personally experience heterosexism, and how they constantly negotiate their sexual identities within certain social and geographical spaces. When the nuances of lesbians’ contexts are taken into account, it becomes clear that claiming a lesbian identity is more than just about “coming out”, and rather about an on-going process of identity management.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Beyond teaching language: towards terminological primacy in learners' geometric conceptualisation
- Atebe, Humphrey U, Schäfer, Marc
- Authors: Atebe, Humphrey U , Schäfer, Marc
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/140960 , vital:37932 , https://0-hdl.handle.net.wam.seals.ac.za/10520/EJC20922
- Description: This paper reports on a specific aspect of a broader geometry conceptualisation study that sought to explore and explicate learners' knowledge of basic geometric terminology in selected Nigerian and South African high schools. It is framed by the notion that students' acquisition of the correct terminology in school geometry is important for their success in the subject. The original study further aimed to determine the relationship that might exist between a learner's ability in verbal geometry terminology tasks and his/her ability in visual geometry terminology tasks. A total of 144 learners (72 each from South Africa and Nigeria) were selected for the study, using both the stratified and the fish-bowl sampling techniques. A questionnaire consisting of a sixty-item multiple-choice objective test provided the data for the study. An overall percentage mean score of 44,17% obtained in the test indicated that learners in this study had only a limited knowledge of basic geometric terminology. The Nigerian subsample in the study had a weaker understanding of basic geometric terminology than their South African counterparts. Importantly, there were high positive correlations between participants' ability in verbal geometry terminology tasks and their ability in visual geometry terminology tasks. These results are consistent with those of several earlier studies, and provide a reasonably firm basis for certain recommendations to be made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Atebe, Humphrey U , Schäfer, Marc
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/140960 , vital:37932 , https://0-hdl.handle.net.wam.seals.ac.za/10520/EJC20922
- Description: This paper reports on a specific aspect of a broader geometry conceptualisation study that sought to explore and explicate learners' knowledge of basic geometric terminology in selected Nigerian and South African high schools. It is framed by the notion that students' acquisition of the correct terminology in school geometry is important for their success in the subject. The original study further aimed to determine the relationship that might exist between a learner's ability in verbal geometry terminology tasks and his/her ability in visual geometry terminology tasks. A total of 144 learners (72 each from South Africa and Nigeria) were selected for the study, using both the stratified and the fish-bowl sampling techniques. A questionnaire consisting of a sixty-item multiple-choice objective test provided the data for the study. An overall percentage mean score of 44,17% obtained in the test indicated that learners in this study had only a limited knowledge of basic geometric terminology. The Nigerian subsample in the study had a weaker understanding of basic geometric terminology than their South African counterparts. Importantly, there were high positive correlations between participants' ability in verbal geometry terminology tasks and their ability in visual geometry terminology tasks. These results are consistent with those of several earlier studies, and provide a reasonably firm basis for certain recommendations to be made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Bioaccumulation and ecotoxicology of b-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) in model crop plants
- Niyonzima, Francois Niyongabo
- Authors: Niyonzima, Francois Niyongabo
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Cyanobacteria , Environmental toxicology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10312 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1475 , Cyanobacteria , Environmental toxicology
- Description: Cyanobacteria are known to produce a variety of toxic compounds. β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is one of the neurotoxins produced by most cyanobacteria. BMAA has been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis / Parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS / PDC) and was suggested to contribute to this pathology after biomagnification and slow release of BMAA from a protein associated form. The uptake and accumulation of BMAA by the aquatic macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum has recently been shown, but the consumption of aquatic macrophytes by humans is not typical. The uptake by, and accumulation in, crop plants (Nasturtium officinale and Daucus carota) was therefore investigated so as to establish the existence of any risk to humans from the consumption of plants irrigated with water from dams with high cyanobacterial biomass and therefore high BMAA levels. After the exposure to the BMAA through the growth medium, BMAA had no effect on growth and development of N. officinale and D. carota. The uptake and bioaccumulation of BMAA was observed in N. officinale and D. carota, and was found to be concentration-dependent. Both free and bound cellular BMAA was detected following BMAA exposure through the growth medium. The photosynthetic apparatus of N. officinale was not significantly damaged. The uptake and accumulation of BMAA in edible terrestrial plants may constitute another route of human exposure to BMAA; it may now be prudent to avoid spray irrigation of edible plants with waters from dams with high cyanobacterial biomass and therefore high BMAA levels. After uptake by plants, the cyanotoxins may induce oxidative stress. A recent study showed that BMAA has a significant inhibitory effect on the oxidative stress enzymes in C. demersum. Therefore, the toxicological effects on selected plants were investigated by a range of biochemical enzyme assays in order to establish the plant stress response to exogenous BMAA. The inhibition of antioxidant enzymes upon exposure of N. officinale to BMAA through the growth medium was observed. The inhibition of antioxidant defence enzymes by BMAA correlated with the BMAA bioaccumulation in N. officinale. Further investigations are needed to analyze the uptake, accumulation, and ecotoxicology of BMAA in other crop plants, and to examine the fate of BMAA in these plants particularly its distribution and metabolism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Niyonzima, Francois Niyongabo
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Cyanobacteria , Environmental toxicology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10312 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1475 , Cyanobacteria , Environmental toxicology
- Description: Cyanobacteria are known to produce a variety of toxic compounds. β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is one of the neurotoxins produced by most cyanobacteria. BMAA has been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis / Parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS / PDC) and was suggested to contribute to this pathology after biomagnification and slow release of BMAA from a protein associated form. The uptake and accumulation of BMAA by the aquatic macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum has recently been shown, but the consumption of aquatic macrophytes by humans is not typical. The uptake by, and accumulation in, crop plants (Nasturtium officinale and Daucus carota) was therefore investigated so as to establish the existence of any risk to humans from the consumption of plants irrigated with water from dams with high cyanobacterial biomass and therefore high BMAA levels. After the exposure to the BMAA through the growth medium, BMAA had no effect on growth and development of N. officinale and D. carota. The uptake and bioaccumulation of BMAA was observed in N. officinale and D. carota, and was found to be concentration-dependent. Both free and bound cellular BMAA was detected following BMAA exposure through the growth medium. The photosynthetic apparatus of N. officinale was not significantly damaged. The uptake and accumulation of BMAA in edible terrestrial plants may constitute another route of human exposure to BMAA; it may now be prudent to avoid spray irrigation of edible plants with waters from dams with high cyanobacterial biomass and therefore high BMAA levels. After uptake by plants, the cyanotoxins may induce oxidative stress. A recent study showed that BMAA has a significant inhibitory effect on the oxidative stress enzymes in C. demersum. Therefore, the toxicological effects on selected plants were investigated by a range of biochemical enzyme assays in order to establish the plant stress response to exogenous BMAA. The inhibition of antioxidant enzymes upon exposure of N. officinale to BMAA through the growth medium was observed. The inhibition of antioxidant defence enzymes by BMAA correlated with the BMAA bioaccumulation in N. officinale. Further investigations are needed to analyze the uptake, accumulation, and ecotoxicology of BMAA in other crop plants, and to examine the fate of BMAA in these plants particularly its distribution and metabolism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Biodiversity research and conservation: careers
- Authors: Rosenberg, Eureta
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391079 , vital:68615 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC89811"
- Description: It is the International Year of Biodiversity, and if you are interested in a career in biodiversity, there are many options from which to choose. This article introduces the dynamic and growing field of biodiversity management, research and conservation. It gives a taste of the varied careers that would suit different interests and talents and invites you to look with fresh eyes at the field and its possibilities.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Rosenberg, Eureta
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391079 , vital:68615 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC89811"
- Description: It is the International Year of Biodiversity, and if you are interested in a career in biodiversity, there are many options from which to choose. This article introduces the dynamic and growing field of biodiversity management, research and conservation. It gives a taste of the varied careers that would suit different interests and talents and invites you to look with fresh eyes at the field and its possibilities.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2010
Bioethanol production from waste paper through fungal biotechnology
- Authors: Voigt, Paul George
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Biomass energy , Cellulose -- Biodegradation , Waste paper -- Recycling , Biomass chemicals -- Economic aspects , Renewable energy sources , Fungi -- Biotechnology , Enzymes -- Biotechnology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , MSc , Masters
- Identifier: vital:3861 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013447
- Description: Bioethanol is likely to be a large contributor to the fuel sector of industry in the near future. Current research trends are geared towards utilizing food crops as substrate for bioethanol fermentation; however, this is the source of much controversy. Utilizing food crops for fuel purposes is anticipated to cause massive food shortages worldwide. Cellulose is the most abundant renewable resource on earth and is subject to a wide array of scientific study in order to utilize the glucose contained within it. Waste paper has a high degree of cellulose associated with it, which makes it an ideal target for cellulose biotechnology with the ultimate end goal of bioethanol production. This study focussed on producing the necessary enzymes to hydrolyse the cellulose found in waste paper and using the sugars produced to produce ethanol. The effects of various printing inks had on the production of sugars and the total envirorunental impact of the effluents produced during the production line were also examined. It was found that the fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum DSM 769 grown in Mandel's medium with waste newspaper as the sole carbon source at 28 °C for 6 days produced extracellular cellulase enzymes with an activity of 0.203 ± 0.009 FPU.ml⁻¹, significantly higher activity as compared to other paper sources. This extracellular cellulase was used to hydrolyse waste newspaper and office paper, with office paper yielding the highest degree of sugar production with an end concentration of 5.80 ± 0.19 g/1 at 40 °C. Analysis by HPLC showed that although glucose was the major product at 4.35 ± 0.12 g/1, cellobiose was also produced in appreciable amounts (1.97 ± 0.71 g/1). The sugar solution was used as a substrate for Saccharomyces cerevisiae DSM 1333 and ethanol was produced at a level of 1.79 ± 0.26 g/1, the presence of which was confirmed by a 600 MHz NMR spectrum. It was found that cellobiose was not fermented by this strain of S. cerevisiae. Certain components of inks (the PAHs phenanthrene and naphthalene) were found to have a slight inhibitory effect (approximately 15% decrease) on the cellulase enzymes at very high concentrations (approximately 600 μg/1 in aqueous medium), while anthracene had no effect. Whole newsprint ink was shown not to sorb glucose. The environmental analysis of the effluents produced showed that in order for the effluents to be discharged into an aqueous ecosystem they would have to be diluted up to 200 times. They were also shown to have the potential to cause severe machinery damage if reused without proper treatment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Voigt, Paul George
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Biomass energy , Cellulose -- Biodegradation , Waste paper -- Recycling , Biomass chemicals -- Economic aspects , Renewable energy sources , Fungi -- Biotechnology , Enzymes -- Biotechnology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , MSc , Masters
- Identifier: vital:3861 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013447
- Description: Bioethanol is likely to be a large contributor to the fuel sector of industry in the near future. Current research trends are geared towards utilizing food crops as substrate for bioethanol fermentation; however, this is the source of much controversy. Utilizing food crops for fuel purposes is anticipated to cause massive food shortages worldwide. Cellulose is the most abundant renewable resource on earth and is subject to a wide array of scientific study in order to utilize the glucose contained within it. Waste paper has a high degree of cellulose associated with it, which makes it an ideal target for cellulose biotechnology with the ultimate end goal of bioethanol production. This study focussed on producing the necessary enzymes to hydrolyse the cellulose found in waste paper and using the sugars produced to produce ethanol. The effects of various printing inks had on the production of sugars and the total envirorunental impact of the effluents produced during the production line were also examined. It was found that the fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum DSM 769 grown in Mandel's medium with waste newspaper as the sole carbon source at 28 °C for 6 days produced extracellular cellulase enzymes with an activity of 0.203 ± 0.009 FPU.ml⁻¹, significantly higher activity as compared to other paper sources. This extracellular cellulase was used to hydrolyse waste newspaper and office paper, with office paper yielding the highest degree of sugar production with an end concentration of 5.80 ± 0.19 g/1 at 40 °C. Analysis by HPLC showed that although glucose was the major product at 4.35 ± 0.12 g/1, cellobiose was also produced in appreciable amounts (1.97 ± 0.71 g/1). The sugar solution was used as a substrate for Saccharomyces cerevisiae DSM 1333 and ethanol was produced at a level of 1.79 ± 0.26 g/1, the presence of which was confirmed by a 600 MHz NMR spectrum. It was found that cellobiose was not fermented by this strain of S. cerevisiae. Certain components of inks (the PAHs phenanthrene and naphthalene) were found to have a slight inhibitory effect (approximately 15% decrease) on the cellulase enzymes at very high concentrations (approximately 600 μg/1 in aqueous medium), while anthracene had no effect. Whole newsprint ink was shown not to sorb glucose. The environmental analysis of the effluents produced showed that in order for the effluents to be discharged into an aqueous ecosystem they would have to be diluted up to 200 times. They were also shown to have the potential to cause severe machinery damage if reused without proper treatment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Bodies that belong: race and space in Elleke Boehmer's Nile Baby
- Authors: Marais, Mike
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144094 , vital:38310 , DOI: 10.1080/00138398.2010.488337
- Description: South African literature has never been particularly perceptive in addressing the question of race. While this is especially true of writing of the apartheid period, not much has changed in the postapartheid years. Only rarely does one encounter a literary treatment of race that is aware of its performative, rather than essential, nature. Rarer still are works that are conscious of the ways in which we gain a sense of belonging by shaping our environments to affirm our raced subjectives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Marais, Mike
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144094 , vital:38310 , DOI: 10.1080/00138398.2010.488337
- Description: South African literature has never been particularly perceptive in addressing the question of race. While this is especially true of writing of the apartheid period, not much has changed in the postapartheid years. Only rarely does one encounter a literary treatment of race that is aware of its performative, rather than essential, nature. Rarer still are works that are conscious of the ways in which we gain a sense of belonging by shaping our environments to affirm our raced subjectives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Book Review: Black, white and grey: Ethics in South African journalism:
- Garman, Anthea, Mwale, Pascal N
- Authors: Garman, Anthea , Mwale, Pascal N
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159968 , vital:40360 , DOI: 10.1080/02560054.2005.9653325
- Description: Book Review: Black, white and grey: Ethics in South African journalism by Franz Krüger Cape Town, Double Storey, 2004. Reviewed by Anthea Garman and Pascal N. Mwale.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Garman, Anthea , Mwale, Pascal N
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159968 , vital:40360 , DOI: 10.1080/02560054.2005.9653325
- Description: Book Review: Black, white and grey: Ethics in South African journalism by Franz Krüger Cape Town, Double Storey, 2004. Reviewed by Anthea Garman and Pascal N. Mwale.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Born-frees and worn trees: home grown medicinal plants and poverty
- Husselman, Madeleen, Cocks, Michelle L
- Authors: Husselman, Madeleen , Cocks, Michelle L
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141464 , vital:37974 , ISBN 9781136886072 , DOI: 10.4324/9780203839645-19
- Description: Despite the widespread use of modern medicines, the parallel role of traditional medicine remains popular in both rural and urban areas and among both wealthy and poor African communities in South Africa. A substantial body of literature exists which documents some of the salient characteristics of the trade and use of traditional medicines (Ngubane 1977; Cocks and Wiersum 2002; Cocks and Møller 2002; Cocks and Dold 2006). Mander (1998) estimated that 27 million people used indigenous medicine in South Africa in a decade. The use and trade of plants for medicine is no longer confined to traditional healers but has entered both the informal and formal sectors of the South African economy (Dauskardt 1990, 1991; Cocks and Dold 2000), resulting in an increase in the number of herbal gatherers and traders (Dold and Cocks 2002). The largely informal trade in traditional medicines forms part of multi-million rand ‘hidden economy’ in southern Africa, and it is now bigger than at any time in the past. It is certainly one of the most complex resource management issues facing conservation agencies, healthcare professionals and resource users in South Africa today (Cunningham 1997). Research points towards a trend of increasing harvesting pressures on traditional supply areas linked to a growing shortage in supply of popular medicinal plant species (Williams et al. 1997, 2000; Mander 1998; Dold and Cocks 2002).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Husselman, Madeleen , Cocks, Michelle L
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141464 , vital:37974 , ISBN 9781136886072 , DOI: 10.4324/9780203839645-19
- Description: Despite the widespread use of modern medicines, the parallel role of traditional medicine remains popular in both rural and urban areas and among both wealthy and poor African communities in South Africa. A substantial body of literature exists which documents some of the salient characteristics of the trade and use of traditional medicines (Ngubane 1977; Cocks and Wiersum 2002; Cocks and Møller 2002; Cocks and Dold 2006). Mander (1998) estimated that 27 million people used indigenous medicine in South Africa in a decade. The use and trade of plants for medicine is no longer confined to traditional healers but has entered both the informal and formal sectors of the South African economy (Dauskardt 1990, 1991; Cocks and Dold 2000), resulting in an increase in the number of herbal gatherers and traders (Dold and Cocks 2002). The largely informal trade in traditional medicines forms part of multi-million rand ‘hidden economy’ in southern Africa, and it is now bigger than at any time in the past. It is certainly one of the most complex resource management issues facing conservation agencies, healthcare professionals and resource users in South Africa today (Cunningham 1997). Research points towards a trend of increasing harvesting pressures on traditional supply areas linked to a growing shortage in supply of popular medicinal plant species (Williams et al. 1997, 2000; Mander 1998; Dold and Cocks 2002).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Broadening the tax base: a case for the informal real estate sector in Zambia
- Authors: Siame, Chilengwe George
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Real property and taxation -- Zambia Tax administration and procedure -- Zambia Rental housing -- Taxation -- Law and legislation -- Zambia Informal sector (Economics) -- Taxation -- Law and legislation -- Zambia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:732 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003852
- Description: The main objective of the study was to analyze the potential tax collection from the informal rental housing market in Zambia, using household level rental housing data collected for the Lusaka Urban District by the Central Statistical Office (CSO) as a basis for computation and extrapolation to the national level. This data was used to analyze household monthly expenditure on housing (rent), the total number of households in rented accommodation, and the tax regime applicable on rental income, to estimate the potential tax revenue that could be realized from this emerging sector. The estimates indicate that about K9.7 billion revenue could be collected on income from rental housing in Lusaka Urban District alone and a total of K83 billion nationally per annum. This represents about 0.4 percent of the country’s GDP in 2007. Compliance needs to be improved and legislation revised to ensure that the landlords are compelled to remit tax to the Zambia Revenue Authority. The current legislation makes enforcement and compliance difficult as it places the statutory tax burden on tenants, who are very mobile. It is, therefore, recommended that the landlord is made responsible for the payment of taxes due on rental income and that any compliance requirements be enforced against the real estate/property that is generating the income. This study also examines the performance of the presumptive taxation regime in Zambia The study uses data from the Zambia Revenue Authority on revenue collection from presumptive taxes which were introduced to capture income from the informal sectors. The presumptive taxes already introduced in Zambia include: base tax, advance income tax and turnover tax for minibuses and taxi operators. To analyze the performance of the presumptive tax regime, the study utilizes data on imports made by those not registered for taxes, to estimate how much revenue could be generated by imposing a 3 percent turnover tax on the value of their imports at importation. The analysis shows that the Zambia Revenue Authority increased revenue collection from K5.3 billion in 2004 to K33.5 billion in 2007. This improvement in revenue collection is far below the potential, however, which is estimated at over K501 billion on imports of unregistered traders alone. To collect this revenue and expand the tax base, the tax authority needs to improve the administration of advance income tax on unregistered importers, and raise the advance income tax rate to a level where the importer is indifferent between paying the advance tax at the border and paying turnover tax inland.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Siame, Chilengwe George
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Real property and taxation -- Zambia Tax administration and procedure -- Zambia Rental housing -- Taxation -- Law and legislation -- Zambia Informal sector (Economics) -- Taxation -- Law and legislation -- Zambia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:732 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003852
- Description: The main objective of the study was to analyze the potential tax collection from the informal rental housing market in Zambia, using household level rental housing data collected for the Lusaka Urban District by the Central Statistical Office (CSO) as a basis for computation and extrapolation to the national level. This data was used to analyze household monthly expenditure on housing (rent), the total number of households in rented accommodation, and the tax regime applicable on rental income, to estimate the potential tax revenue that could be realized from this emerging sector. The estimates indicate that about K9.7 billion revenue could be collected on income from rental housing in Lusaka Urban District alone and a total of K83 billion nationally per annum. This represents about 0.4 percent of the country’s GDP in 2007. Compliance needs to be improved and legislation revised to ensure that the landlords are compelled to remit tax to the Zambia Revenue Authority. The current legislation makes enforcement and compliance difficult as it places the statutory tax burden on tenants, who are very mobile. It is, therefore, recommended that the landlord is made responsible for the payment of taxes due on rental income and that any compliance requirements be enforced against the real estate/property that is generating the income. This study also examines the performance of the presumptive taxation regime in Zambia The study uses data from the Zambia Revenue Authority on revenue collection from presumptive taxes which were introduced to capture income from the informal sectors. The presumptive taxes already introduced in Zambia include: base tax, advance income tax and turnover tax for minibuses and taxi operators. To analyze the performance of the presumptive tax regime, the study utilizes data on imports made by those not registered for taxes, to estimate how much revenue could be generated by imposing a 3 percent turnover tax on the value of their imports at importation. The analysis shows that the Zambia Revenue Authority increased revenue collection from K5.3 billion in 2004 to K33.5 billion in 2007. This improvement in revenue collection is far below the potential, however, which is estimated at over K501 billion on imports of unregistered traders alone. To collect this revenue and expand the tax base, the tax authority needs to improve the administration of advance income tax on unregistered importers, and raise the advance income tax rate to a level where the importer is indifferent between paying the advance tax at the border and paying turnover tax inland.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Brood cycles in queenless colonies of Apis mellifera capensis
- Authors: Crous, Kendall Lauren
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Cape honeybee , Bee culture -- Queen rearing , Bees -- Breeding
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5652 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005335 , Cape honeybee , Bee culture -- Queen rearing , Bees -- Breeding
- Description: In a honeybee colony, the loss of a queen is considered to be a serious occurrence and, if a new queen is not produced, ultimately doomed. However, in colonies of Apis mellifera capensis (Cape honeybees), numerous pathways are available for a colony which unexpectedly losses a queen. At the onset of this experiment, four colonies of A. m. capensis were dequeened. Following this photographs of all brood frames in each colony were taken and the contents of the cells analysed. Cells were chosen at random but once selected were repeatedly analysed for the duration of the experiment. The contents of a total of 44 888 individual cells were analysed. Any queen cells constructed during the sampling period were removed, maintaining a queenless state. In each colony, as predicted, the removal of the queen evoked a variety of responses in an attempt to rectify the sudden loss. However, ultimately three of the four colonies absconded, leaving little by way of stores. Three of the four colonies initially attempted to rear a new queen while one colony was immediately invaded by a presumed foreign queen and hence any attempt at queen cell construction ceased. An increased number of queen cells in the swarm position were recorded in all colonies. The invasion of a colony by a foreign queen was considered to be a new pathway available for queenless colonies of A.m capensis. Worker policing and suspected brood cannibalism was prevalent in all sampled colonies yet in addition, the transfer of eggs and larvae from cell to cell was also observed which may have increased the suspected cases of policing and cannibalism. It was unclear whether an egg or larva had been consumed or simply moved to another cell on the brood frame. All colonies contained eggs from laying workers to varying degrees, based on the length of each individual sampling period which varied between colonies due to differences in absconding dates. A steady breakdown in the effectiveness of the division of labour amongst the worker bees was observed in each of the colonies highlighting the vital role of a queen. This breakdown was clearly seen in the reduction in general housekeeping within a colony. An increase in stores indicated a possible increase in the number of forager bees, thereby reducing the number of worker bees available for other duties. Pathways available to broodright colonies and strategies used following sudden queen loss are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Crous, Kendall Lauren
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Cape honeybee , Bee culture -- Queen rearing , Bees -- Breeding
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5652 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005335 , Cape honeybee , Bee culture -- Queen rearing , Bees -- Breeding
- Description: In a honeybee colony, the loss of a queen is considered to be a serious occurrence and, if a new queen is not produced, ultimately doomed. However, in colonies of Apis mellifera capensis (Cape honeybees), numerous pathways are available for a colony which unexpectedly losses a queen. At the onset of this experiment, four colonies of A. m. capensis were dequeened. Following this photographs of all brood frames in each colony were taken and the contents of the cells analysed. Cells were chosen at random but once selected were repeatedly analysed for the duration of the experiment. The contents of a total of 44 888 individual cells were analysed. Any queen cells constructed during the sampling period were removed, maintaining a queenless state. In each colony, as predicted, the removal of the queen evoked a variety of responses in an attempt to rectify the sudden loss. However, ultimately three of the four colonies absconded, leaving little by way of stores. Three of the four colonies initially attempted to rear a new queen while one colony was immediately invaded by a presumed foreign queen and hence any attempt at queen cell construction ceased. An increased number of queen cells in the swarm position were recorded in all colonies. The invasion of a colony by a foreign queen was considered to be a new pathway available for queenless colonies of A.m capensis. Worker policing and suspected brood cannibalism was prevalent in all sampled colonies yet in addition, the transfer of eggs and larvae from cell to cell was also observed which may have increased the suspected cases of policing and cannibalism. It was unclear whether an egg or larva had been consumed or simply moved to another cell on the brood frame. All colonies contained eggs from laying workers to varying degrees, based on the length of each individual sampling period which varied between colonies due to differences in absconding dates. A steady breakdown in the effectiveness of the division of labour amongst the worker bees was observed in each of the colonies highlighting the vital role of a queen. This breakdown was clearly seen in the reduction in general housekeeping within a colony. An increase in stores indicated a possible increase in the number of forager bees, thereby reducing the number of worker bees available for other duties. Pathways available to broodright colonies and strategies used following sudden queen loss are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010