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A participatory communication approach of a rural cattle project: : a case study of Nguni cattle project in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.

  • Authors: Usadolo, Sam Erevbenagie (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6291-7680)
  • Date: 2011-12
  • Subjects: Communication in Community Development , Community Development , Nguni Cattle
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24076 , vital:62339
  • Description: This study examined the participatory communication practices of a rural cattle project. It did this by reviewing relevant literature in development communication. The review done showed that literature is replete with arguments critical of the dominant paradigm due to its top-down nature of communication. Scholars critical of dominant paradigm argue that participatory communication should be given a prominent role to ensure that stakeholders work in concert to realise the stated objectives of their development project. The study highlighted many contentious issues surrounding the nature and practices of participatory communication. It pointed out that the issues have played themselves out in literature in the form of different typologies of participatory practices, which were dealt with extensively in this study. The discussion of participatory communication in literature is also mindful of different models of communication and the space they occupy in participatory communication practices. In this study, there was a discussion of transactional communication models as depicted by Nair and White (1993:52) and Steinberg (1997:19). Both scholars emphasise that participatory communication will not achieve its stated purpose without mutual agreement of the parties in communication. They equally stress the recognition of the possible effects of some contextual factors which may have bearing on the prevailing nature of communication. A review of different communication tools used by participatory development communicator was given in the study. These different communication tools were discussed in view of how these tools can be used to advance participatory practice in a development project, especially with reference to the project examined in this study. Using qualitative research method, different and appropriate interview methods such as semi-structured, focus group and post-survey interviews were used to collect data from the respondents in this study. The analysis and discussion of the data revealed that different challenges on the ground could affect participatory communication practices in a development project. With regard to the project examined in this study, the analysis showed that there is a weak stakeholder relationship, especially stakeholders identified in this study as field officers. The study highlighted that stakeholders such as the agricultural extension officers and animal health technicians are not very active in the implementation process of the project. Some of the reasons pointed out is the fact that the secondary stakeholder such as the Provincial Department of Agricultural (PDoA) to which these field officers belong is not playing active role in ensuring that they complement the efforts of other field officers such as the IDC representatives. The second reason is the fact that the participatory focus of the project was not properly communicated to the beneficiaries. This also transpired in their inability to reflect participatory practice in their relationship with the beneficiaries and other stakeholders of the project. Other challenges, among others, as pointed out in the analysis showed that participatory communication practice requires expert personnel to be successful. In the case of the project examined, apart from the fact that there is shortage of manpower to handle the challenges mentioned in the study, there is no communication expert among the few active personnel in the field. The findings of this study showed that there was no clear role and identification of responsibilities let alone coordination of all actors involved in the project. Through the selected case study, this study has not only provided avenue to explore both theoretically and practically participatory communication, but has added to participatory communication discourse that there is no easy answer to challenges field officers encounter in practice. This is the reason the different participatory practices characterising nature of the project this study has investigated was given. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2011
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  • Date Issued: 2011-12

An assessment of the sustainability of the selected NGOs interventions on poverty alleviation: the case of Mafeteng and Leribe Districts

  • Authors: Ntobo-Letsie, Hlompho Cynthia
  • Date: 2011-12
  • Subjects: Non-governmental organizations--Lesotho , Lesotho--Economic conditions , Maps
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24543 , vital:63091
  • Description: The escalating levels of poverty present a serious challenge of vulnerability to most citizens of Lesotho. The government of Lesotho and its Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) partners have been engaged in several programs aimed at alleviating poverty, whose persistence has threatened the current and future generations of the country. This study aimed at assessing the sustainability of NGO`s poverty alleviation programmes established for selected beneficiaries in rural communities. The main participants in this study were beneficiaries of poverty alleviation projects, government officials and NGO project managers. Using a combination of empowerment, sustainable livelihood approach and the sustainable development theoretical frameworks, the study adopted the qualitative research methodology to investigate the pertinent issues. The research design was a case study which helped to direct the researcher in the process of collecting and analyzing data. The study revealed that the sustainability of these projects in poverty alleviation remains questionable due to a number of challenges. These challenges include; lack of participation of the beneficiaries, inadequate funding, natural disasters, lack of commitment of the beneficiaries and lack of government support to the project beneficiaries. Nevertheless, there are commendable efforts made by the NGOs involved to enhance the sustainability of these projects and these include; training the beneficiaries in crop production, marketing, natural resources management and disaster management. In light of the challenges faced by NGOs and participants in alleviating poverty, this study advocates, The three stakeholders are expected to work harmoniously together using communication channels that are open to all of them. That enables them to work with a singleness of purpose to attain the sustainability goals of the project. There is need also for NGOs to reconsider their targeting schemes, and to advance their training, monitoring and evaluation skills of their projects. It also recommended that the beneficiaries must be empowered in order for the sustainability of the projects to be realized. , Thesis (MSoc (Dev)) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2011
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  • Date Issued: 2011-12

An examination of the constitutional congruity of the current media legislation in Zimbabwe to global trends

  • Authors: Chabinjwa, Trevor
  • Date: 2011-12
  • Subjects: Mass Media , Zimbabwe , Freedom of speech
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24161 , vital:62438
  • Description: The focus of this dissertation was on the nature and operation of laws and regulations that were and are still being used to limit the freedom of the media in Zimbabwe. Through a legal and political analysis of the evolution and use of these laws and regulations by successive governments in Zimbabwe, the study provides an important perspective on the struggle for media freedom in Zimbabwe. The main focus of this study was to examine the impact of media laws in Zimbabwe on the freedom of expression of its citizens. Some of the key media laws under the spotlight include; Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act (AIPPA), the Public Order and Security Act (POSA) and the Broadcasting Services Act (BSA). The underpinning theoretical framework was informed by the Authoritarian, Libertarian and the Social Responsibility schools of thought. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews with selected key informants were the chief methods for data collection. Secondary data such as court cases, newspapers and some documents from organisations such as the UN, African Charter and Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Protocol on Culture, Information and Sport were also consulted. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic content analysis while tables, graphs and charts which were interpreted and linked with processed qualitative data to come up with emerging trends and resolutions. The research revealed that the government is aware of the shortcomings in the regulations and laws relating to the media, but is not willing to make genuine and comprehensive reforms. These laws impact negatively on freedom of expression on citizens especially journalists and their media houses. It is evident from the findings that media houses in Zimbabwe are vulnerable. These laws have forced some media houses such as Daily news, Tribune and Capital radio to close. Some of these institutions have since opened after the formation of the Government of National Unity (GNU). But little has changed even after the formation of the GNU. Some of the journalists left Zimbabwe for fear of prosecution. This goes on to confirm that the current media legislations in Zimbabwe are not congruent with global norms such as the SADC Protocol on Culture, Information and Sport, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 19, the African Charter Article 9, and African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) which advocates for freedom of the media and expression. The study concluded that there is no freedom of expression in media legislation as has been witnessed from the findings of the study. The study then recommended crafting of new laws which promote freedom of expression of the citizens of Zimbabwe. , Thesis (MA) -- Social Sciences and Humanities, 2011
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  • Date Issued: 2011-12

Characterisation of communal rangeland degradation and evaluation of vegetation restoration techniques in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

  • Authors: Lesoli, 'Mota Samuel
  • Date: 2011-12
  • Subjects: Communal rangelands , Grazing
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24316 , vital:62624
  • Description: This study assessed the social factors influencing poor communal rangeland management, which are assumed to result in rangeland degradation. This was followed by, examination of biophysical characteristics of rangeland degradation in communal areas. To relate social factors featuring in communal rangeland management with rangeland degradation, biophysical factors influencing livestock grazing distribution patterns were studied. To establish the solution to communal rangeland degradation, rangeland restoration techniques were evaluated. The study was conducted at Amakhuze Tribal Authority (ATA) (S32o 38´, E26o56, 763 - 1500 m.a.s.l) composed of six villages and Phandulwazi Agricultural High School (S32o 39´ and E26o 55´, 747 m.a.s.l). Focus group discussions were conducted in six villages and questionnaire surveys in four randomly selected villages to assess social factors influencing communal rangeland degradation. Communal rangeland degradation biophysical characteristics were assessed. Biophysical factors affecting livestock grazing distribution pattern were examined through direct field observations for 12 months. Restoration techniques were evaluated on 26 plots. The social factors influencing communal rangeland management include lack of skills on rangeland management for farmers, lack of individual/community obligation on grazing management, lack of effective policies and/or poor enforcement accompanied by lack of effective institutions governing rangeland utilisation and management. Communal rangelands were more (χ 2 = 2612.07, df = 26, p < 0.01) degraded compared with controlled grazing areas. Within the communal rangelands, land degradation was higher at the low-lying areas, compared to foothills, midslopes, and mountaintop (crest). Rangeland degradation in communal areas was characterised by poor forage productivity and poor vegetation cover , higher soil unconfined compressive strength (UCS) (4.5 kg/cm2) with low hydraulic conductivity (5.21 x 10-3) and physical soil loss characteristics such presence of terracettes, pedestals, rills and gullies. Grazing distribution was higher at valley bottom (r2 = 0.404, p < 0.001), low altitude (r2 = -0.007, p < 0.001), closer to water points (r2 = -0.001, p < 0.001), and on grassland vegetation (r2 = 0.620, p < 0.001). Introduction of seedlings with microcatchment combined with brushpack promoted (p < 0.05) higher number of tillers (13), leaves (42) and reduced seedling mortality (10.4percent). T. triandra produced higher (p < 0.05) number of tillers (12) and leaves (39) but low number of inflorescence (0.7) with higher mortality rates (25.3percent) compared to P. dilatatum. Where plant propagules were introduced as seeds, use of microcatchment promoted higher seed germination (F = 38.84, p < 0.05) and maintained higher plant density (F = 37.43, p < 0.05). E. curvula seeds attained higher germination rate and maintained higher plant density compared to D. eriantha and P. Maximum. Use of microcatchment, brushpack, and water spreading system promoted soil water retention. It is important that any interventions aimed at improving communal rangeland management, controlling rangeland degradation in the communal areas, or restoring degraded rangelands to consider the social factors driving rangeland management and biophysical factors influencing grazing distribution pattern. Rangeland restoration techniques for communal areas should be centred on their ability to collect and retain water to promote restoration performance of introduced plant propagules. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2011
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  • Date Issued: 2011-12

Delays in seeking treatment for sick children in rural Malawi: A study of the utilisation of village clinics

  • Authors: Bonongwe, Enock (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2819-130X)
  • Date: 2011-12
  • Subjects: Community Health Services , Rural Health , Health Planning
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23326 , vital:57314
  • Description: The world’s highest mortality figures are found in developing countries among under-five children (Black et al., 2003:2227). Efforts in reducing childhood mortality are stifled if treatment is delayed (sought after 24 hours). The aim of this study was to find out the factors that contribute to delays in seeking treatment for sick children in a community where health services are free and accessible. From data collected using a questionnaire through face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs), the study found out the factors that contribute to delayed care. It collected data from 150 mothers who sought treatment at village clinics within 14 days prior to the survey date. Qualitative data were collected in five FGDs with old women, young women, men, youth and community leaders. The study found that out of 150 mothers, 54 percent delayed seeking treatment for sick children. Mothers who had given sick children home treatment and those who sought treatment from other providers for the same illness brought to the village clinic were more likely to delay care. FGDs revealed that most factors contributing to delayed care were to do with the health system, although beliefs and perceptions played a part. In summary, delays in seeking treatment for sick children are a product of an interplay of many factors. Overall, it was found that caregivers’ interpretation of the child’s illness influenced timeliness of care and the choice of health care provider. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2011
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  • Date Issued: 2011-12

Experiences of community psychiatric nurses and guardians of discharged psychiatric patients on the effectiveness of community mental health services of the Zomba district in Malawi

  • Authors: Kachingwe, Bertha Maggie
  • Date: 2011-12
  • Subjects: Psychiatric nursing , Community mental health services
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24183 , vital:62440
  • Description: Sturdy: Experiences of community psychiatric nurses and guardians of discharged psychiatric patients on the effectiveness of community mental health services of the Zomba District in Malawi. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of community psychiatric nurses and guardians of discharged psychiatric patients with regard to failure of Community Mental Health Services of the Zomba District, and make recommendations to improve community mental health services. Although such services exist, their effectiveness is unknown, either from the nurses’ point of view or from the consumers’ point of view. Method: A qualitative approach with phenomenological research design was used to answer the research question on the effectiveness of the services. This method was chosen because the researcher was committed to explore the lived in-depth experiences of the study participants. A purposive sampling method was used to select participants for the study, who were selected based on their knowledge of the phenomena. Data collection Instruments used were unstructured interviews, using face- to- face interaction. One broad, open-ended question was used to gather information from the participants. Data analysis was done using Atlas.ti software to help the researcher uncover complex phenomena hidden in the text. Findings: Participants from both groups overwhelmingly reported that community mental health services were not effective. Four categories and eleven themes of barriers impacting on ineffective services emerged from the nurses. For example; Inadequate service provision related to unavailability of resources (human, time and materials). Themes hindering effective services emerged from the guardians for example; Services not accessible related to inconsistent appointment dates, shortage of medications and poor economic status of participants. , Thesis (MCur) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2011
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  • Date Issued: 2011-12

Exploring the role of rural entrepreneurship on welfare in South Africa: a case of Nkonkobe Municipal area in the Eastern Cape Province

  • Authors: Ngorora, Grace Portia Kuda https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4756-3137
  • Date: 2011-12
  • Subjects: Rural development projects , Public welfare --South Africa , Entrepreneurship
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26357 , vital:65248
  • Description: The study set out to explore the role of rural entrepreneurship on welfare in Nkonkobe Municipal Area of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The objectives of the study were to identify the role rural entrepreneurship plays on welfare and determine the factors that promote or hinder rural entrepreneurship. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to establish the perceptions of rural entrepreneurs. Findings from the study suggest that rural entrepreneurship contributes immensely to the welfare of individuals, family and community in Nkonkobe Municipal Area of the Eastern Cape Province. Rural entrepreneurship is the most important activity for entrepreneurs for it enables individuals to access quality health facilities and experience an improved quality of life. The study also found that families have more income which they use to acquire assets. They are able to send children to good schools using earnings from their business activities. Entrepreneurs can also contribute to the welfare of their relatives as result of being entrepreneurial. The results imply that rural entrepreneurship improves the quality of livelihood for rural dwellers. There was a significant correlation between the role rural entrepreneurship plays in generating more income and the rural dwellers ability to send their children to good schools. Findings from this study also showed that rural entrepreneurship improves the quality of livelihood in rural areas through the creation of wealth and employment. For most respondents 83 percent entrepreneurship alone provides them with income. Social capital in the form of special relationships, access to critical information, unique local knowledge and previous experience was ranked the most important factor when starting businesses. Irregular payments from customers were considered the factor affecting entrepreneurs most in Nkonkobe Municipality. Lack of finance was ranked the factor hindering rural entrepreneurship most in Nkonkobe Municipality. Training and educational programs, capacitating as well as support from government were found to be very important for entrepreneurship to grow in Nkonkobe Municipality. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2011
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  • Date Issued: 2011-12

Knowledge and attitudes of professional nurses towards HIV and AIDS patients at the Libode District Health Services in the Eastern Cape Province

  • Authors: Gedu, Grace Nontuthuzelo
  • Date: 2011-12
  • Subjects: Rural health services , AIDS (Disease)
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24610 , vital:63213
  • Description: This study was conducted at the Libode District Health Services amongst professional nurses who render services to HIV and AIDS patients. Generally, caring for HIV positive patients, nurses need to be knowledgeable about the transmission of the HIV virus, in order to render quality care to the patients. They also need to be sensitive and to demonstrate positive attitudes towards the patients. It was unknown whether the professional nurses at the Libode District Health Services are knowledgeable or not regarding HIV and AIDS. Their attitudes towards the HIV positive patients, were also unknown. Not knowing the knowledge and attitude of professional nurses regarding HIV and AIDS has the potential to compromise the quality of nursing care rendered to the patients. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the level of knowledge of professional nurses regarding HIV and AIDS well as their attitudes towards the HIV-positive patients so as to make recommendations for quality patient care based on the results. A quantitative explorative descriptive research design was used to examine the level of knowledge about HIV and AIDS as well as the attitudes of professional nurses to HIV and AIDS patients. The target populations were the 218 professional nurses working at the Libode District Health services who had nursed HIV positive patients. A simple random sampling method was used to select a sample of 120 participants. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data. The questionnaire consisted of a section on the demographic profile of the participants, and two other sections for responses on knowledge and attitudes. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 software for consistency of the twenty (20) items in the questionnaire. Findings showed that nurses of Libode District Health Services had an approximately fair amount of knowledge. The majority (79percent) of participants scored above the cut-off point of 24. Twenty one percent (21percent) scored below 24. On attitude, the majority (76percent) had scored below the cut-off point of 36. Recommendations were that professional nurses of Libode District Health Services, need to be exposed to ongoing training on HIV and AIDS to increase their knowledge about HIV and AIDS and to ensure that they demonstrate positive attitudes towards HIV and AIDS patients. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2011
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  • Date Issued: 2011-12

New Unity Movement Presidential Address

The design of a Hydrotherapy center on the Swartkops River

  • Authors: Heuer, Morgan
  • Date: 2011-12
  • Subjects: Health resorts --South Africa -- Port Elizabeth --Designs and plans , Recreational therapy – South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58728 , vital:60032
  • Description: This treatise deals with the design of a Hydrotherapy Center, as well as it’s direct link to nature. Contemporary lifestyles in a technologically-advanced world have caused increased amounts of stress, anxiety, and chronic illness. The goal is to design a place of healing by reinforcing and establishing the connection between man and nature. Wellness is multidimensional; it deals with both mental and physical health. The design concept is a building that is one with nature, that leaves a small footprint on the natural landscape and that gives back more than it takes. The focus point is to work with the concept of healing in four different spheres: Psychological, Physiological, Sociological, and Environmental. By understanding the physical properties and applications of water to treat both mental and physical healthcare issues, an innovative center of natural healing can be established. The conventional healthcare facilities are mostly hostile, clinical, and institutional-like environments that do not contribute to a healthy state of mind. The mind is uneasy in distracting environments, and one is unable to focus solely on restoration. By bringing people to a natural environment and to the water source, their minds are at ease and they can focus on healing process, allowing them to reach a higher potential of functioning naturally. , Thesis (MArch) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Technology, School of Architecture, 2021
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  • Date Issued: 2011-12
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