An international marketing framework for Ford South Africa in Nigeria
- Authors: Adams, Pedro Duan
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Export marketing -- Cross-cultural studies , Marketing -- Cross-cultural studies , Marketing -- Management -- Cross-cultural studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3869 , vital:20471
- Description: Africa is seen as the last investment frontier and according to literature will have a GDP of $1.5 trillion by the year 2016 and a population that is double the size of Europe. The rapid expansion of infrastructure and construction in African countries, such as Mozambique and Zambia has increased the demand for commercial vehicles. This has sparked unparalleled marketing opportunities for automotive manufacturers and the continent is fast attracting major players in this sector. The international marketing literature still lacks detailed studies and research into the marketing deliberations and trades in Africa. Therefore, according literature a greater representation of African culture within the international marketing literature would provide relevance and richness in the global market place and offer greater insight to organisations who are seeking to invest and expand their businesses in Africa. The management issue here is to comprehend the diversity and vastness of this region and putting together all spheres to ensure growth and creating brand loyalty. The key challenge here is for management to be able to grasp and understand not only the various cultures but also the way of doing business in such a vastly different region. It is therefore imperative for Ford Motor Company to fully understand these factors so as to take full advantage associated with entering a market early which is commonly referred as first-mover-advantage. A case in point is when General Motors entered the Chinese automotive industry in 1997 when the Chinese market was relatively small. General Motors’ enthusiasm and commitment back in 1997 was driven by a belief that China would ultimately become an economic powerhouse and emerge as one of the world’s largest automotive markets. By the year 2010 China was one of the world’s biggest automotive markets and General Motors was a dominant force in this market. Africa has all the key elements for the growth and development of a robust automotive market. By studying past experiences and outcomes from empirical studies on international marketing with emphasis on the automotive industry, it will be possible to draw lessons and experience about the potential growth of the automotive sector on the African continent. This study will also be of great significance to other automotive manufacturers and suppliers looking to expand their business and market share across Africa due to the increase of the middle class. Therefore creative strategies and thinking of how to circumvent challenges in the African cultural environment, creativity in managing bureaucracy and due diligence about business and investment opportunities will uncover unprecedented volumes of profitable business that lies untapped on the African continent. Data from the quantitative study suggest that culture, political environment, country-of-origin, competition and country infrastructure in Nigeria, are essential factors to the development of a successful international marketing strategy for Ford South Africa. This study therefore concludes that Ford Motor Company of South Africa can utilize this framework in order to gain greater market share and ultimately success in Nigeria. Recommendations were also made for future research studies that can contribute to the international marketing literature with emphasis on the African market.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Adams, Pedro Duan
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Export marketing -- Cross-cultural studies , Marketing -- Cross-cultural studies , Marketing -- Management -- Cross-cultural studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3869 , vital:20471
- Description: Africa is seen as the last investment frontier and according to literature will have a GDP of $1.5 trillion by the year 2016 and a population that is double the size of Europe. The rapid expansion of infrastructure and construction in African countries, such as Mozambique and Zambia has increased the demand for commercial vehicles. This has sparked unparalleled marketing opportunities for automotive manufacturers and the continent is fast attracting major players in this sector. The international marketing literature still lacks detailed studies and research into the marketing deliberations and trades in Africa. Therefore, according literature a greater representation of African culture within the international marketing literature would provide relevance and richness in the global market place and offer greater insight to organisations who are seeking to invest and expand their businesses in Africa. The management issue here is to comprehend the diversity and vastness of this region and putting together all spheres to ensure growth and creating brand loyalty. The key challenge here is for management to be able to grasp and understand not only the various cultures but also the way of doing business in such a vastly different region. It is therefore imperative for Ford Motor Company to fully understand these factors so as to take full advantage associated with entering a market early which is commonly referred as first-mover-advantage. A case in point is when General Motors entered the Chinese automotive industry in 1997 when the Chinese market was relatively small. General Motors’ enthusiasm and commitment back in 1997 was driven by a belief that China would ultimately become an economic powerhouse and emerge as one of the world’s largest automotive markets. By the year 2010 China was one of the world’s biggest automotive markets and General Motors was a dominant force in this market. Africa has all the key elements for the growth and development of a robust automotive market. By studying past experiences and outcomes from empirical studies on international marketing with emphasis on the automotive industry, it will be possible to draw lessons and experience about the potential growth of the automotive sector on the African continent. This study will also be of great significance to other automotive manufacturers and suppliers looking to expand their business and market share across Africa due to the increase of the middle class. Therefore creative strategies and thinking of how to circumvent challenges in the African cultural environment, creativity in managing bureaucracy and due diligence about business and investment opportunities will uncover unprecedented volumes of profitable business that lies untapped on the African continent. Data from the quantitative study suggest that culture, political environment, country-of-origin, competition and country infrastructure in Nigeria, are essential factors to the development of a successful international marketing strategy for Ford South Africa. This study therefore concludes that Ford Motor Company of South Africa can utilize this framework in order to gain greater market share and ultimately success in Nigeria. Recommendations were also made for future research studies that can contribute to the international marketing literature with emphasis on the African market.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation into how Grade 10 Physical Sciences learners make sense of resultant vectors
- Authors: Motsilili, Tshepo Elliot
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1407 , vital:20054
- Description: The focus of this study was on how Grade 10 Physical Sciences learners make sense of resultant vectors. During my experience over more than 10 years as a Science teacher in Matatiele in the Eastern Cape Province I found that Grade 10 Physical Sciences learners consistently struggled to work with resultant vectors. Many studies have shown that learners in similar contexts are generally not doing well in Science. An interpretive paradigm was used in this study, focusing on the individual or a specific group in a qualitative case study approach and a social constructivist perspective. The unit of analysis was on how Grade 10 Physical Sciences learners make sense of resultant vectors. A diagnostic test, observation and videotaped lessons, learners’ workbooks, summative test and stimulated recall interviews were used to gather data. The data were analysed inductively using a thematic approach and in relation to the main research question: How do Grade 10 Physical Sciences learners make sense of resultant vectors? The data were validated through watching the videotaped lessons with the teacher who had been observed teaching vectors. Also, transcripts of the interviews and a summary of discussions were given back to the teacher whose learners had been observed to verify the learners’ responses and check for any misconceptions. It was found that linking scientific concepts to learners’ prior knowledge enabled them to learn in a relaxed and non-threatening environment. In doing so, sense making of resultant vectors was possible. The study thus recommends that teachers should be supported in their endeavours to help learners make sense of scientific concepts during teaching and learning situations. Some language related challenges that were also encountered warrant further research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Motsilili, Tshepo Elliot
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1407 , vital:20054
- Description: The focus of this study was on how Grade 10 Physical Sciences learners make sense of resultant vectors. During my experience over more than 10 years as a Science teacher in Matatiele in the Eastern Cape Province I found that Grade 10 Physical Sciences learners consistently struggled to work with resultant vectors. Many studies have shown that learners in similar contexts are generally not doing well in Science. An interpretive paradigm was used in this study, focusing on the individual or a specific group in a qualitative case study approach and a social constructivist perspective. The unit of analysis was on how Grade 10 Physical Sciences learners make sense of resultant vectors. A diagnostic test, observation and videotaped lessons, learners’ workbooks, summative test and stimulated recall interviews were used to gather data. The data were analysed inductively using a thematic approach and in relation to the main research question: How do Grade 10 Physical Sciences learners make sense of resultant vectors? The data were validated through watching the videotaped lessons with the teacher who had been observed teaching vectors. Also, transcripts of the interviews and a summary of discussions were given back to the teacher whose learners had been observed to verify the learners’ responses and check for any misconceptions. It was found that linking scientific concepts to learners’ prior knowledge enabled them to learn in a relaxed and non-threatening environment. In doing so, sense making of resultant vectors was possible. The study thus recommends that teachers should be supported in their endeavours to help learners make sense of scientific concepts during teaching and learning situations. Some language related challenges that were also encountered warrant further research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation into how Grade 8 Natural Sciences learners make sense of chemical reactions during lessons involving familiar resources: a case study
- Authors: Mashozhera, Farasten
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1374 , vital:20051
- Description: My experience of working with science learners for the past 25 years and witnessing their difficulty in comprehending chemical reactions motivated me to investigate how learners make sense of chemical reactions in lessons involving the use of familiar resources. Essentially, this study sought to gain insights into whether engaging learners during practical activities using familiar resources facilitated meaning-making of chemical reactions. There is not much literature on early high school learning of concepts linked to chemical reactions which opened the way for this research. This study was conducted at a public high school comprised of Grades 8-12 (FET band) in Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It is located within the interpretive paradigm. Within this paradigm, both quantitative and qualitative methods were conducted with a Grade 8 Natural Sciences class. Data sets were analysed in relation to the research questions. A variety of data gathering techniques were used, namely diagnostic and summative tests, worksheets and a semistructured interview with a focus group. Both inductive and deductive processes were applied during the data analysis process. The validation process was done through data analysis using mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative), checking transcriptions with the focus group and the use of a research participant. Learners in the focus group verified their responses, checking for any misrepresentations. The main finding of this study is that the use of practical activities, using familiar resources, facilitated learner engagement and meaningful learning. However, this study further revealed that some concepts associated with chemical reactions were challenging to learners. Similarly, that some prior everyday knowledge and experiences that learners bring to the science classroom impede sense-making in Natural Sciences. In addition, the language of learning and teaching (LoLT) and the language of science are other factors impeding sense-making of scientific concepts. It is thus recommended that teachers plan well in order to incorporate the use of practical activities using familiar resources during mediation of learning.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Mashozhera, Farasten
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1374 , vital:20051
- Description: My experience of working with science learners for the past 25 years and witnessing their difficulty in comprehending chemical reactions motivated me to investigate how learners make sense of chemical reactions in lessons involving the use of familiar resources. Essentially, this study sought to gain insights into whether engaging learners during practical activities using familiar resources facilitated meaning-making of chemical reactions. There is not much literature on early high school learning of concepts linked to chemical reactions which opened the way for this research. This study was conducted at a public high school comprised of Grades 8-12 (FET band) in Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It is located within the interpretive paradigm. Within this paradigm, both quantitative and qualitative methods were conducted with a Grade 8 Natural Sciences class. Data sets were analysed in relation to the research questions. A variety of data gathering techniques were used, namely diagnostic and summative tests, worksheets and a semistructured interview with a focus group. Both inductive and deductive processes were applied during the data analysis process. The validation process was done through data analysis using mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative), checking transcriptions with the focus group and the use of a research participant. Learners in the focus group verified their responses, checking for any misrepresentations. The main finding of this study is that the use of practical activities, using familiar resources, facilitated learner engagement and meaningful learning. However, this study further revealed that some concepts associated with chemical reactions were challenging to learners. Similarly, that some prior everyday knowledge and experiences that learners bring to the science classroom impede sense-making in Natural Sciences. In addition, the language of learning and teaching (LoLT) and the language of science are other factors impeding sense-making of scientific concepts. It is thus recommended that teachers plan well in order to incorporate the use of practical activities using familiar resources during mediation of learning.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation into how participation in science expo projects influences grade 9 learners’ dispositions towards science learning: a case study
- Authors: Musekiwa, Beatrice K
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1430 , vital:20056
- Description: There has been increasing participation of learners from disadvantaged backgrounds in competitive events like the Eskom Science Expo over the past few years. It is against this backdrop that this study sought to find out how some grade 9 learners’ participation in science expo projects influences their disposition towards science. In the context of this study, disposition refers to how learners view themselves in relation to science learning as a result of participating in science expos. The study is underpinned by an interpretative paradigm and I made use of a qualitative case study. My research participants were five grade 9 learners from two secondary schools in Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. I used observations, semistructured interviews and learners’ journals for my data collection. To analyse the data I used the inductive approach where I made use of themes emerging from the data. The social learning theory described by Vygotsky (1978) is the guiding theory in the research with a focus on mediation of learning and the zone of proximal development (ZPD). The main findings from my study were that indeed participation in science expos does influence the disposition of learners towards science among the grade 9 learners. I also found an improved understanding of scientific concepts as the learners interacted with science in everyday and familiar contexts. Lastly, doing projects that are close to learners’ interests resulted in them enjoying doing science more. The learners’ science expo projects contribution to the Grahamstown community is of no small value, as has already been seen by the achievement of previous participants. The current group is already showing their impact and influence of the science–expo project involvement in terms of their performance in their classrooms and in their awareness of their role as young ‘scientists’. I therefore recommend that more learners be encouraged to take part in such projects as the science-expo projects not only improve learners’ understanding of the subject matter but also encourages a positive shift in their attitude towards science learning. It also enhances their understanding by allowing the young learners to interact with their environment to find solutions to problems that the community might be faced with, for example, water shortages and sustainable development initiations like gardening and the proper use of naturally acquired water resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Musekiwa, Beatrice K
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1430 , vital:20056
- Description: There has been increasing participation of learners from disadvantaged backgrounds in competitive events like the Eskom Science Expo over the past few years. It is against this backdrop that this study sought to find out how some grade 9 learners’ participation in science expo projects influences their disposition towards science. In the context of this study, disposition refers to how learners view themselves in relation to science learning as a result of participating in science expos. The study is underpinned by an interpretative paradigm and I made use of a qualitative case study. My research participants were five grade 9 learners from two secondary schools in Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. I used observations, semistructured interviews and learners’ journals for my data collection. To analyse the data I used the inductive approach where I made use of themes emerging from the data. The social learning theory described by Vygotsky (1978) is the guiding theory in the research with a focus on mediation of learning and the zone of proximal development (ZPD). The main findings from my study were that indeed participation in science expos does influence the disposition of learners towards science among the grade 9 learners. I also found an improved understanding of scientific concepts as the learners interacted with science in everyday and familiar contexts. Lastly, doing projects that are close to learners’ interests resulted in them enjoying doing science more. The learners’ science expo projects contribution to the Grahamstown community is of no small value, as has already been seen by the achievement of previous participants. The current group is already showing their impact and influence of the science–expo project involvement in terms of their performance in their classrooms and in their awareness of their role as young ‘scientists’. I therefore recommend that more learners be encouraged to take part in such projects as the science-expo projects not only improve learners’ understanding of the subject matter but also encourages a positive shift in their attitude towards science learning. It also enhances their understanding by allowing the young learners to interact with their environment to find solutions to problems that the community might be faced with, for example, water shortages and sustainable development initiations like gardening and the proper use of naturally acquired water resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation into instability in post- Gaddafi Libya, Mali and Nigeria: a comparative theoretical approach
- Authors: Chindoga, Melody
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Terrorism Insurgency Terrorism -- Government policy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sci
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2667 , vital:27982
- Description: Since the ousting of Gaddafi from power in 2011, Libya, Mali and Nigeria have experienced high levels of instability. An investigation into the causes of instability is employed in the study to gain insights into the major cause of conflict in post-Gaddafi Libya, Mali and Nigeria. The study considered instability as a consequence of a combination of existing exogenous and endogenous factors which were examined according to various theoretical lenses. A comparative theoretical analysis was used so as to interpret and analyse data. The analysis was subjected to theoretical scrutiny according to four mainstream International Relations theories namely; realism, critical theory, constructivism and the “clash of civilizations” hypothesis, in order to determine whether they could effectively explain post-Gaddafi violence and instability. The research findings revealed that the distinction between internal and external variables is artificial and the various causes cannot be exclusively differentiated from one other. The research also identified constructivism as the best possible explanation of instability in the particular context under investigation, through its recognition of the significance of normative as well as material elements, and the emphasis placed on the role of identity and ideas in shaping political actions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Chindoga, Melody
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Terrorism Insurgency Terrorism -- Government policy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sci
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2667 , vital:27982
- Description: Since the ousting of Gaddafi from power in 2011, Libya, Mali and Nigeria have experienced high levels of instability. An investigation into the causes of instability is employed in the study to gain insights into the major cause of conflict in post-Gaddafi Libya, Mali and Nigeria. The study considered instability as a consequence of a combination of existing exogenous and endogenous factors which were examined according to various theoretical lenses. A comparative theoretical analysis was used so as to interpret and analyse data. The analysis was subjected to theoretical scrutiny according to four mainstream International Relations theories namely; realism, critical theory, constructivism and the “clash of civilizations” hypothesis, in order to determine whether they could effectively explain post-Gaddafi violence and instability. The research findings revealed that the distinction between internal and external variables is artificial and the various causes cannot be exclusively differentiated from one other. The research also identified constructivism as the best possible explanation of instability in the particular context under investigation, through its recognition of the significance of normative as well as material elements, and the emphasis placed on the role of identity and ideas in shaping political actions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation into the discursive contructions of childhood masculinity and femininity in BEN 10
- Authors: Gharbaharan, Leah
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3384 , vital:20477
- Description: This thesis investigates the representation of gendered childhood in popular children’s television series Ben 10. The series focuses on ten year old Ben who is granted alien powers, deciding to use them to protect innocent people from danger. Alongside Ben is his ten year old female cousin, Gwen, presented as his foil and guide throughout the series. As the characters develop the series presents particular gendered ways of performing childhood and adolescence and responses to the challenges of growing up. Before charting the trajectories of masculinity and femininity of the series I provide a theoretical framework drawing on the work of Foucault for his conceptualisation of discourse, discursive regimes and discursive subjects. The discursive approach is further explored by outlining particular concepts posited by Connell and Butler who argue for the discursive construction and performativity of gender. Similarly, I employ a social constructionist approach to childhood, arguing for children as active meaning makers – albeit constrained by broader discourses. They are constantly learning behaviours which shape their social practice, indicating the significance of studies on children’s media. Consistent with a constructivist approach, this study employs a qualitative methodology to undertake a Critical Discourse Analysis of select episodes, also informed by narrative theories. These ideas underpin the textual analysis of each purposively sampled episode of the three series to present the progression of masculinity and femininity from childhood through early and later adolescence through the characters Ben and Gwen. The analysis serves to demonstrate that Rousseau’s gendered notions of childhood still have considerable purchase in the twenty-first century, particularly in relation to the female character. This study’s findings propose a shift in children’s televisual representations to espousing more liberal views of masculinity, wherein boys are permitted space to feel fear and anxiety. Unsurprisingly, the series continues to uphold traditional ideals of heteronormativity and a hegemonic masculinity which uses physicality to demonstrate dominance. Furthermore, despite the modern conception of self-actualising females the series expects its female characters to work doubly hard without fundamentally challenging patriarchal ideals. That conventional, patriarchal gender roles are rehearsed and privileged in this popular series has implications in terms of persistent gender inequalities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Gharbaharan, Leah
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3384 , vital:20477
- Description: This thesis investigates the representation of gendered childhood in popular children’s television series Ben 10. The series focuses on ten year old Ben who is granted alien powers, deciding to use them to protect innocent people from danger. Alongside Ben is his ten year old female cousin, Gwen, presented as his foil and guide throughout the series. As the characters develop the series presents particular gendered ways of performing childhood and adolescence and responses to the challenges of growing up. Before charting the trajectories of masculinity and femininity of the series I provide a theoretical framework drawing on the work of Foucault for his conceptualisation of discourse, discursive regimes and discursive subjects. The discursive approach is further explored by outlining particular concepts posited by Connell and Butler who argue for the discursive construction and performativity of gender. Similarly, I employ a social constructionist approach to childhood, arguing for children as active meaning makers – albeit constrained by broader discourses. They are constantly learning behaviours which shape their social practice, indicating the significance of studies on children’s media. Consistent with a constructivist approach, this study employs a qualitative methodology to undertake a Critical Discourse Analysis of select episodes, also informed by narrative theories. These ideas underpin the textual analysis of each purposively sampled episode of the three series to present the progression of masculinity and femininity from childhood through early and later adolescence through the characters Ben and Gwen. The analysis serves to demonstrate that Rousseau’s gendered notions of childhood still have considerable purchase in the twenty-first century, particularly in relation to the female character. This study’s findings propose a shift in children’s televisual representations to espousing more liberal views of masculinity, wherein boys are permitted space to feel fear and anxiety. Unsurprisingly, the series continues to uphold traditional ideals of heteronormativity and a hegemonic masculinity which uses physicality to demonstrate dominance. Furthermore, despite the modern conception of self-actualising females the series expects its female characters to work doubly hard without fundamentally challenging patriarchal ideals. That conventional, patriarchal gender roles are rehearsed and privileged in this popular series has implications in terms of persistent gender inequalities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation into the IGR practices in local government planning in the Eastern Cape: A case study of Amathole District Municipality
- Authors: Omoruyi, Uchenna Diamond
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Intergovernmental cooperation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Political participation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape City planning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/7720 , vital:30712
- Description: The governance system in post-apartheid South Africa brought about the working together of the three spheres of government, namely, the National, Provincial and Local spheres in a principle of intergovernmental relations underpinned by a system of cooperative government. Cooperative governance is about intergovernmental integration and coordination which sees the three spheres of government working together and functioning in harmony to provide public services and meet the needs of communities effectively and comes together in the integrated development plan (IDP), the key strategic planning instrument at local government level. In developing the IDP’s, the Municipal systems Act requires cooperation between the different spheres of government with the IDP providing the basis for the alignment of policy, planning and budgeting processes across all spheres. The IDP is, therefore, very important to IGR as it is meant to coordinate the programs, plans and projects of national and provincial departments that are to be implemented at local government level. This research, therefore, investigates the IGR practices in local government planning in the Eastern Cape, focusing on the Amathole District Municipality. A qualitative research method was utilized in this study and data was acquired through secondary sources to achieve the aims and objectives of this study. Data that was gathered was analyzed using an analytical framework. The study revealed that although the Amathole District Municipality has IGR structures to coordinate the IDP development process and the involvement of these structures have brought some positive changes to the IDP process; however, there are challenges that are still crippling the process, thereby, leaving much to be desired. Consequently, recommendations based on the findings were offered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Omoruyi, Uchenna Diamond
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Intergovernmental cooperation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Political participation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape City planning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/7720 , vital:30712
- Description: The governance system in post-apartheid South Africa brought about the working together of the three spheres of government, namely, the National, Provincial and Local spheres in a principle of intergovernmental relations underpinned by a system of cooperative government. Cooperative governance is about intergovernmental integration and coordination which sees the three spheres of government working together and functioning in harmony to provide public services and meet the needs of communities effectively and comes together in the integrated development plan (IDP), the key strategic planning instrument at local government level. In developing the IDP’s, the Municipal systems Act requires cooperation between the different spheres of government with the IDP providing the basis for the alignment of policy, planning and budgeting processes across all spheres. The IDP is, therefore, very important to IGR as it is meant to coordinate the programs, plans and projects of national and provincial departments that are to be implemented at local government level. This research, therefore, investigates the IGR practices in local government planning in the Eastern Cape, focusing on the Amathole District Municipality. A qualitative research method was utilized in this study and data was acquired through secondary sources to achieve the aims and objectives of this study. Data that was gathered was analyzed using an analytical framework. The study revealed that although the Amathole District Municipality has IGR structures to coordinate the IDP development process and the involvement of these structures have brought some positive changes to the IDP process; however, there are challenges that are still crippling the process, thereby, leaving much to be desired. Consequently, recommendations based on the findings were offered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation into the interaction effects of simultaneous physical and cognitive task execution on performance, perceptual and physical responses
- Authors: Ross, Natalie
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3562 , vital:20525
- Description: Many modern day work environments require some degree of dual tasking, particularly the simultaneous performance of cognitive jobs alongside physical activity. The nature of such tasks is often job dependent and may require cognitive functions such as perception, decision making, memory, or response selection/execution in conjunction to task specific physical requirements. Previous research has indicated a possible relationship between concurrent physical and cognitive demands and task performance, safety and efficiency. However, this research is limited and inconsistent. The current study aimed to identify the interaction, if any, between concurrent physical and mental demands, and determine the impact of sensory modality and stage of information processing on this interaction, with specific focus on the performance, perceptual and physical responses during different types of cognitive tasks performed concurrently with a lifting task. 20 (10 male, 10 female) Rhodes University students participated in this study. Each participant performed 9 test conditions - a physical lifting task, a visual and an auditory memory task, and a visual and an auditory decision making task in isolation, as well as the lifting task concurrently with each of these cognitive tasks. Performance was recorded via accuracy and work output of cognitive tasks and the number of lifts for each condition. Perceptual measures were obtained via the Borg RPE and Subjective Workload Assessment Technique. Spinal kinematics were measured using the Lumbar Motion Monitor, while muscle activity of the Erector Spinae, Rectus Abdominis, Rectus Femoris and Biceps Femoris muscles were recorded using the Biometrix Data Logger surface EMG equipment. Mean results were analysed using a dependent T-test to observe any general interaction, and a Two-way ANOVA for the impact of sensory modality and stage of processing. Individual responses were also considered to gain better understanding of both intra and inter-human variability under the various test conditions. Results showed a significant decrease in cognitive performance, increased perception of physical effort, time pressure, mental effort and psychological stress under simultaneous physical and mental demands, while no significant differences in physical responses were observed. Further observations included increased dual-task interference during visual and decision-making tasks when combined with physical demands compared to that of auditory and memory tasks respectively. Individual responses showed large variability between individuals indicating the presence of positive, negative and non-responders to concurrent physical and mental demands. Results therefore imply an individual specific interaction between concurrent physical and mental demands that may or may not be detrimental to worker productivity, job error, injury rates and worker well-being, and that the type of cognitive task performed may impact this interaction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Ross, Natalie
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3562 , vital:20525
- Description: Many modern day work environments require some degree of dual tasking, particularly the simultaneous performance of cognitive jobs alongside physical activity. The nature of such tasks is often job dependent and may require cognitive functions such as perception, decision making, memory, or response selection/execution in conjunction to task specific physical requirements. Previous research has indicated a possible relationship between concurrent physical and cognitive demands and task performance, safety and efficiency. However, this research is limited and inconsistent. The current study aimed to identify the interaction, if any, between concurrent physical and mental demands, and determine the impact of sensory modality and stage of information processing on this interaction, with specific focus on the performance, perceptual and physical responses during different types of cognitive tasks performed concurrently with a lifting task. 20 (10 male, 10 female) Rhodes University students participated in this study. Each participant performed 9 test conditions - a physical lifting task, a visual and an auditory memory task, and a visual and an auditory decision making task in isolation, as well as the lifting task concurrently with each of these cognitive tasks. Performance was recorded via accuracy and work output of cognitive tasks and the number of lifts for each condition. Perceptual measures were obtained via the Borg RPE and Subjective Workload Assessment Technique. Spinal kinematics were measured using the Lumbar Motion Monitor, while muscle activity of the Erector Spinae, Rectus Abdominis, Rectus Femoris and Biceps Femoris muscles were recorded using the Biometrix Data Logger surface EMG equipment. Mean results were analysed using a dependent T-test to observe any general interaction, and a Two-way ANOVA for the impact of sensory modality and stage of processing. Individual responses were also considered to gain better understanding of both intra and inter-human variability under the various test conditions. Results showed a significant decrease in cognitive performance, increased perception of physical effort, time pressure, mental effort and psychological stress under simultaneous physical and mental demands, while no significant differences in physical responses were observed. Further observations included increased dual-task interference during visual and decision-making tasks when combined with physical demands compared to that of auditory and memory tasks respectively. Individual responses showed large variability between individuals indicating the presence of positive, negative and non-responders to concurrent physical and mental demands. Results therefore imply an individual specific interaction between concurrent physical and mental demands that may or may not be detrimental to worker productivity, job error, injury rates and worker well-being, and that the type of cognitive task performed may impact this interaction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation into the prevalence and growth of phishing attacks against South African financial targets
- Authors: Lala, Darshan Magan
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3157 , vital:20379
- Description: Phishing in the electronic communications medium is the act of sending unsolicited email messages with the intention of masquerading as a reputed business. The objective is to deceive the recipient into divulging personal and sensitive information such as bank account details, credit card numbers and passwords. Attacks against financial services are the most common types of targets for scammers. Phishing attacks in South Africa have cost businesses and consumers substantial amounts of financial loss. This research investigated existing literature to understand the basic concepts of email, phishing, spam and how these fit together. The research also looks into the increasing growth of phishing worldwide and in particular against South African targets. A quantitative study is performed and reported on; this involves the study and analysis of phishing statistics in a data set provided by the South African Anti-Phishing Working Group. The data set contains phishing URL information, country code where the site has been hosted, targeted company name, IP address information and timestamp of the phishing site. The data set contains 161 different phishing targets. The research primarily focuses on the trend in phishing attacks against six South African based financial institutions, but also correlates this with the overall global trend using statistical analysis. The results from the study of the data set are compared to existing statistics and literature regarding the prevalence and growth of phishing in South Africa. The question that this research answers is whether or not the prevalence and growth of phishing in South Africa correlates with the global trend in phishing attacks. The findings indicate that certain correlations exist between some of the South African phishing targets and global phishing trends.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Lala, Darshan Magan
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3157 , vital:20379
- Description: Phishing in the electronic communications medium is the act of sending unsolicited email messages with the intention of masquerading as a reputed business. The objective is to deceive the recipient into divulging personal and sensitive information such as bank account details, credit card numbers and passwords. Attacks against financial services are the most common types of targets for scammers. Phishing attacks in South Africa have cost businesses and consumers substantial amounts of financial loss. This research investigated existing literature to understand the basic concepts of email, phishing, spam and how these fit together. The research also looks into the increasing growth of phishing worldwide and in particular against South African targets. A quantitative study is performed and reported on; this involves the study and analysis of phishing statistics in a data set provided by the South African Anti-Phishing Working Group. The data set contains phishing URL information, country code where the site has been hosted, targeted company name, IP address information and timestamp of the phishing site. The data set contains 161 different phishing targets. The research primarily focuses on the trend in phishing attacks against six South African based financial institutions, but also correlates this with the overall global trend using statistical analysis. The results from the study of the data set are compared to existing statistics and literature regarding the prevalence and growth of phishing in South Africa. The question that this research answers is whether or not the prevalence and growth of phishing in South Africa correlates with the global trend in phishing attacks. The findings indicate that certain correlations exist between some of the South African phishing targets and global phishing trends.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation into the promotion and development of awareness intergenerational transmission of prejudice in adolescents
- Authors: Vermaas, Shanna Maureen
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Adolescence , Bibliotherapy for teenagers , Prejudices
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7211 , vital:21302
- Description: South Africa is a country where those who were oppressed in the past are trying to live in a society with their former oppressors. The youth of today appear to be carrying the anger, fears and uncertainties of the past. This could be the result of intergenerational transmission of prejudice, whereby memories of experiences, fears, anger and levels of anxiety may be absorbed by the next generation. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement an intervention programme that could assist adolescent learners in making their own informed decisions, despite the influences of the intergenerational transmission of prejudice. This was achieved by combining three theories, namely the transgenerational theory, historical trauma and social learning theory, with the principles of bibliotherapy. The research conducted was based in the interpretive paradigm, with the study methodology being qualitative in nature. The research design implemented was a case study. Data generation was achieved by utilising a variety of methods, namely open-ended questions, small focus groups and reflection journals. Analysis of the data was accomplished by applying a thematic analysis approach. The sample for this study was selected from a local, government high school and the participants consisted of a group of Grade 10 learners, who all held leadership positions in the school. The purpose of this study was achieved by utilising the principles of bibliotherapy to inform a programme to develop awareness of intergenerational transmission of prejudice. This was then combined with the principles of bibliotherapy, with scenarios taken from the animated film, The Land Before Time, to further assist in creating awareness and a better understanding of the intergenerational transmission of knowledge. Finally, the programme was used to equip the participants with the tools needed, to transfer what they had learnt from the programme to decisions they would need to make in their daily lives. This study has shown that the principles of bibliotherapy can be used to promote and develop awareness of intergenerational transmission of prejudice in adolescent learners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Vermaas, Shanna Maureen
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Adolescence , Bibliotherapy for teenagers , Prejudices
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7211 , vital:21302
- Description: South Africa is a country where those who were oppressed in the past are trying to live in a society with their former oppressors. The youth of today appear to be carrying the anger, fears and uncertainties of the past. This could be the result of intergenerational transmission of prejudice, whereby memories of experiences, fears, anger and levels of anxiety may be absorbed by the next generation. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement an intervention programme that could assist adolescent learners in making their own informed decisions, despite the influences of the intergenerational transmission of prejudice. This was achieved by combining three theories, namely the transgenerational theory, historical trauma and social learning theory, with the principles of bibliotherapy. The research conducted was based in the interpretive paradigm, with the study methodology being qualitative in nature. The research design implemented was a case study. Data generation was achieved by utilising a variety of methods, namely open-ended questions, small focus groups and reflection journals. Analysis of the data was accomplished by applying a thematic analysis approach. The sample for this study was selected from a local, government high school and the participants consisted of a group of Grade 10 learners, who all held leadership positions in the school. The purpose of this study was achieved by utilising the principles of bibliotherapy to inform a programme to develop awareness of intergenerational transmission of prejudice. This was then combined with the principles of bibliotherapy, with scenarios taken from the animated film, The Land Before Time, to further assist in creating awareness and a better understanding of the intergenerational transmission of knowledge. Finally, the programme was used to equip the participants with the tools needed, to transfer what they had learnt from the programme to decisions they would need to make in their daily lives. This study has shown that the principles of bibliotherapy can be used to promote and develop awareness of intergenerational transmission of prejudice in adolescent learners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation into the provision of government social grants to people with disabilities in Amathole Distrcit municipality
- Authors: Aplom, Thobeka
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: South African Social Security Agency , Public welfare -- South Africa , Grants-in-aid -- South Africa , Welfare fraud -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Social service -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5754 , vital:20998
- Description: This study seeks to investigate the efficiency and effectiveness of the process for providing government social grants to people with disabilities in the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) Amathole District Municipality in order to determine the need for any improvement measures. Taylor’s scientific management theory and the Total Quality Management (TQM) concept were used to interpret efficiency in the functional activities of the officials working in the Disability Grant Unit in Amathole District. The study also sought to answer the question of whether exit programmes existed that were designed to assist the beneficiaries to support them and cater for their needs related to their disabilities. The study followed a qualitative method. Face-to-face interviews were conducted and the sample of this study consisted of ten participants who are working at Grant Administration. These participants included one General Manager; one District Manager; one SASSA doctor; one Head of Grants Administration in the district and six officials who are at lower levels of the hierarchy at Amathole District Municipality in East London service office. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes from the interviews. The findings of this study revealed that the majority of the respondents experienced challenges such as lack of assessment doctors, turn around-time, corruption, poor consultation, lack of managerial commitment and doctors regarding the assessment of applications. In this regards, the study made a set of recommendations on the measures and strategies that could improve efficiency in the provision of this service.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Aplom, Thobeka
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: South African Social Security Agency , Public welfare -- South Africa , Grants-in-aid -- South Africa , Welfare fraud -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Social service -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5754 , vital:20998
- Description: This study seeks to investigate the efficiency and effectiveness of the process for providing government social grants to people with disabilities in the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) Amathole District Municipality in order to determine the need for any improvement measures. Taylor’s scientific management theory and the Total Quality Management (TQM) concept were used to interpret efficiency in the functional activities of the officials working in the Disability Grant Unit in Amathole District. The study also sought to answer the question of whether exit programmes existed that were designed to assist the beneficiaries to support them and cater for their needs related to their disabilities. The study followed a qualitative method. Face-to-face interviews were conducted and the sample of this study consisted of ten participants who are working at Grant Administration. These participants included one General Manager; one District Manager; one SASSA doctor; one Head of Grants Administration in the district and six officials who are at lower levels of the hierarchy at Amathole District Municipality in East London service office. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes from the interviews. The findings of this study revealed that the majority of the respondents experienced challenges such as lack of assessment doctors, turn around-time, corruption, poor consultation, lack of managerial commitment and doctors regarding the assessment of applications. In this regards, the study made a set of recommendations on the measures and strategies that could improve efficiency in the provision of this service.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation into the public policy making role of the judiciary :The case of South Africa
- Authors: Maluleke, Life Reuben
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Policy sciences -- South Africa Political planning -- South Africa Public opinion -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9812 , vital:35005
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Maluleke, Life Reuben
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Policy sciences -- South Africa Political planning -- South Africa Public opinion -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9812 , vital:35005
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation into the survival strategies of the rural elderly in Zimbabwe: a case study of Hobodo ward in Mangwe District in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Marazi, Tafara
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Rural elderly -- Zimbabwe , Elderly poor -- Zimbabwe , Ophans -- Services for -- Zimbabwe , AIDS (Disease) -- Zimbabwe , Child welfare -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3407 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020605
- Description: The thesis focuses on the survival mechanisms of the rural poor elderly in Zimbabwe. The situation of the rural elderly is looked at in the context of the ravaging HIV/AIDS pandemic. The focus is specifically directed on the increasing numbers of orphans who are generated following the rampant deaths of their parents (sexually active individuals). With Africa failing to effectively withstand the forcefulness of the pandemic, the community structures in Zimbabwe are being heavily shaken to the detriment of all social groups. It is within this continuum that the research is laid out to investigate the situation on the ground. In this case, a fieldwork exercise was carried out in the Hobodo ward of Mangwe district in Zimbabwe. An intensive and in-depth examination of the critical situation was pursued under the case study model. To make the study more focused, the elderly were placed under investigation with regards to their new role of providing familial care for the orphans. The manner in which they face such a towering task under strained resources and limited knowhow was explored. The well-being of the orphans was also investigated in close relation to the welfare efforts of the elderly guardians. The investigations were made in respect of the contribution of the local resources towards the innovativeness of the elderly guardians. The adaptivity of the elderly and the versatility of the orphans were examined within the confines of the social and the economic capitals of the Hobodo ward. It is within the natural, social and economic capital dimensions of the Hobodo rural locality that the applicability of the sustainable livelihoods framework in explaining the dire social situation of the elderly and the orphans was brought under spotlight. The study was pursued through the qualitative research paradigm. This was done to capture the social perceptions, beliefs and the innovative capabilities of the elderly in their natural environment; and under the fieldwork setting. Several data collection techniques were employed to unveil the subject under study. These included interviews, questionnaires, participant observations, focus group discussions. Sampling was used to produce the research framework. Participants in the research were largely identified through random sampling. In special circumstances, purposive sampling was used. Tape recording and note taking were largely used to capture the responses of the research participants.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Marazi, Tafara
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Rural elderly -- Zimbabwe , Elderly poor -- Zimbabwe , Ophans -- Services for -- Zimbabwe , AIDS (Disease) -- Zimbabwe , Child welfare -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3407 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020605
- Description: The thesis focuses on the survival mechanisms of the rural poor elderly in Zimbabwe. The situation of the rural elderly is looked at in the context of the ravaging HIV/AIDS pandemic. The focus is specifically directed on the increasing numbers of orphans who are generated following the rampant deaths of their parents (sexually active individuals). With Africa failing to effectively withstand the forcefulness of the pandemic, the community structures in Zimbabwe are being heavily shaken to the detriment of all social groups. It is within this continuum that the research is laid out to investigate the situation on the ground. In this case, a fieldwork exercise was carried out in the Hobodo ward of Mangwe district in Zimbabwe. An intensive and in-depth examination of the critical situation was pursued under the case study model. To make the study more focused, the elderly were placed under investigation with regards to their new role of providing familial care for the orphans. The manner in which they face such a towering task under strained resources and limited knowhow was explored. The well-being of the orphans was also investigated in close relation to the welfare efforts of the elderly guardians. The investigations were made in respect of the contribution of the local resources towards the innovativeness of the elderly guardians. The adaptivity of the elderly and the versatility of the orphans were examined within the confines of the social and the economic capitals of the Hobodo ward. It is within the natural, social and economic capital dimensions of the Hobodo rural locality that the applicability of the sustainable livelihoods framework in explaining the dire social situation of the elderly and the orphans was brought under spotlight. The study was pursued through the qualitative research paradigm. This was done to capture the social perceptions, beliefs and the innovative capabilities of the elderly in their natural environment; and under the fieldwork setting. Several data collection techniques were employed to unveil the subject under study. These included interviews, questionnaires, participant observations, focus group discussions. Sampling was used to produce the research framework. Participants in the research were largely identified through random sampling. In special circumstances, purposive sampling was used. Tape recording and note taking were largely used to capture the responses of the research participants.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation into the use of intuitive control interfaces and distributed processing for enhanced three dimensional sound localization
- Authors: Hedges, M L
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2992 , vital:20350
- Description: This thesis investigates the feasibility of using gestures as a means of control for localizing three dimesional (3D) sound sources in a distributed immersive audio system. A prototype system was implemented and tested which uses state of the art technology to achieve the stated goals. A Windows Kinect is used for gesture recognition which translates human gestures into control messages by the prototype system, which in turn performs actions based on the recognized gestures. The term distributed in the context of this system refers to the audio processing capacity. The prototype system partitions and allocates the processing load between a number of endpoints. The reallocated processing load consists of the mixing of audio samples according to a specification. The endpoints used in this research are XMOS AVB endpoints. The firmware on these endpoints were modified to include the audio mixing capability which was controlled by a state of the art audio distribution networking standard, Ethernet AVB. The hardware used for the implementation of the prototype system is relatively cost efficient in comparison to professional audio hardware, and is also commercially available for end users. The successful implementation and results from user testing of the prototype system demonstrates how it is a feasible option for recording the localization of a sound source. The ability to partition the processing provides a modular approach to building immersive sound systems. This removes the constraint of a centralized mixing console with a predetermined speaker configuration.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Hedges, M L
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2992 , vital:20350
- Description: This thesis investigates the feasibility of using gestures as a means of control for localizing three dimesional (3D) sound sources in a distributed immersive audio system. A prototype system was implemented and tested which uses state of the art technology to achieve the stated goals. A Windows Kinect is used for gesture recognition which translates human gestures into control messages by the prototype system, which in turn performs actions based on the recognized gestures. The term distributed in the context of this system refers to the audio processing capacity. The prototype system partitions and allocates the processing load between a number of endpoints. The reallocated processing load consists of the mixing of audio samples according to a specification. The endpoints used in this research are XMOS AVB endpoints. The firmware on these endpoints were modified to include the audio mixing capability which was controlled by a state of the art audio distribution networking standard, Ethernet AVB. The hardware used for the implementation of the prototype system is relatively cost efficient in comparison to professional audio hardware, and is also commercially available for end users. The successful implementation and results from user testing of the prototype system demonstrates how it is a feasible option for recording the localization of a sound source. The ability to partition the processing provides a modular approach to building immersive sound systems. This removes the constraint of a centralized mixing console with a predetermined speaker configuration.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation into the use of intuitive control interfaces and distributed processing for enhanced three dimensional sound localization
- Authors: Hedges, Mitchell Lawrence
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Human-computer interaction , Acoustic localization , Sound -- Equipment and supplies , Acoustical engineering , Surround-sound systems , Wireless sensor nodes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4724 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020615
- Description: This thesis investigates the feasibility of using gestures as a means of control for localizing three dimensional (3D) sound sources in a distributed immersive audio system. A prototype system was implemented and tested which uses state of the art technology to achieve the stated goals. A Windows Kinect is used for gesture recognition which translates human gestures into control messages by the prototype system, which in turn performs actions based on the recognized gestures. The term distributed in the context of this system refers to the audio processing capacity. The prototype system partitions and allocates the processing load between a number of endpoints. The reallocated processing load consists of the mixing of audio samples according to a specification. The endpoints used in this research are XMOS AVB endpoints. The firmware on these endpoints were modified to include the audio mixing capability which was controlled by a state of the art audio distribution networking standard, Ethernet AVB. The hardware used for the implementation of the prototype system is relatively cost efficient in comparison to professional audio hardware, and is also commercially available for end users. the successful implementation and results from user testing of the prototype system demonstrates how it is a feasible option for recording the localization of a sound source. The ability to partition the processing provides a modular approach to building immersive sound systems. This removes the constraint of a centralized mixing console with a predetermined speaker configuration.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Hedges, Mitchell Lawrence
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Human-computer interaction , Acoustic localization , Sound -- Equipment and supplies , Acoustical engineering , Surround-sound systems , Wireless sensor nodes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4724 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020615
- Description: This thesis investigates the feasibility of using gestures as a means of control for localizing three dimensional (3D) sound sources in a distributed immersive audio system. A prototype system was implemented and tested which uses state of the art technology to achieve the stated goals. A Windows Kinect is used for gesture recognition which translates human gestures into control messages by the prototype system, which in turn performs actions based on the recognized gestures. The term distributed in the context of this system refers to the audio processing capacity. The prototype system partitions and allocates the processing load between a number of endpoints. The reallocated processing load consists of the mixing of audio samples according to a specification. The endpoints used in this research are XMOS AVB endpoints. The firmware on these endpoints were modified to include the audio mixing capability which was controlled by a state of the art audio distribution networking standard, Ethernet AVB. The hardware used for the implementation of the prototype system is relatively cost efficient in comparison to professional audio hardware, and is also commercially available for end users. the successful implementation and results from user testing of the prototype system demonstrates how it is a feasible option for recording the localization of a sound source. The ability to partition the processing provides a modular approach to building immersive sound systems. This removes the constraint of a centralized mixing console with a predetermined speaker configuration.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation of absenteeism amongst blue-collar workers: a mixed methods approach
- Authors: Kroon, Kim
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:866 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021248
- Description: Absenteeism affects organisations in many different ways, therefore it is essential to investigate absenteeism with the aim of minimising absence levels. The focus of the research was to investigate absenteeism amongst blue-collar workers at a Global Logistics Supplier. The objectives of this research were to identify the main types of absenteeism, to compare the views of blue-collar workers and management on the causes attributed to absenteeism, to describe how absenteeism has been measured and managed, and to make recommendations to the company on ways to minimize absenteeism based on the findings. Quantitative data in the form of monthly absenteeism statistics relating to each leave type, was examined for trends relating to absenteeism levels amongst blue-collar workers at the company. Semi-structured interviews were then carried out with management and blue-collar workers to examine the causes of absenteeism and its management. The results showed that there was a discrepancy between the views of management and blue-collar workers at the company on the perceived causes of absenteeism. On the other hand, both management and the blue-collar workers identified Monday and Friday as the most prevalent days on which employees are absent from the workplace. This finding suggests that more research should be conducted on this trend in blue-collar workers. In exploring how absenteeism is dealt with, management within the company stated that discipline was the most effective way of keeping absenteeism levels low amongst employees. The limitations and delimitations of the research were recognised and further research ideas were given. It was also recommended that managers and supervisors address the workplace issues and identify when a worker’s performance and interpersonal relationships are strained in order to effectively minimise absenteeism. It is also recommended they implement a wellness programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Kroon, Kim
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:866 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021248
- Description: Absenteeism affects organisations in many different ways, therefore it is essential to investigate absenteeism with the aim of minimising absence levels. The focus of the research was to investigate absenteeism amongst blue-collar workers at a Global Logistics Supplier. The objectives of this research were to identify the main types of absenteeism, to compare the views of blue-collar workers and management on the causes attributed to absenteeism, to describe how absenteeism has been measured and managed, and to make recommendations to the company on ways to minimize absenteeism based on the findings. Quantitative data in the form of monthly absenteeism statistics relating to each leave type, was examined for trends relating to absenteeism levels amongst blue-collar workers at the company. Semi-structured interviews were then carried out with management and blue-collar workers to examine the causes of absenteeism and its management. The results showed that there was a discrepancy between the views of management and blue-collar workers at the company on the perceived causes of absenteeism. On the other hand, both management and the blue-collar workers identified Monday and Friday as the most prevalent days on which employees are absent from the workplace. This finding suggests that more research should be conducted on this trend in blue-collar workers. In exploring how absenteeism is dealt with, management within the company stated that discipline was the most effective way of keeping absenteeism levels low amongst employees. The limitations and delimitations of the research were recognised and further research ideas were given. It was also recommended that managers and supervisors address the workplace issues and identify when a worker’s performance and interpersonal relationships are strained in order to effectively minimise absenteeism. It is also recommended they implement a wellness programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation of green marketing opportunities at BOS Ice Tea
- Authors: Ciesielski, Adrian Adam
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:864 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021246
- Description: The research addresses the marketing activities of BOS Ice Tea, a South African company, and whether they are reflective and grounded within their marketing activities. By analysing public data and interviewing the founding partners, Richard Bowsher and Grant Rushmere, the findings where compared against the marketing paradigms of Ottoman (1999) and the green marketing practices of Gittell et al. (2012). It was determined that the company engages in green activities, but does not communicate them clearly. Further, where the company did promote organic rooibos and sustainability, their actions were not reflective of these behaviours from an academic point of view. Thus, there was the potential for green washing. The research concludes with suggestions for a 4P’s green marketing framework, and comments on areas that need clarity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Ciesielski, Adrian Adam
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:864 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021246
- Description: The research addresses the marketing activities of BOS Ice Tea, a South African company, and whether they are reflective and grounded within their marketing activities. By analysing public data and interviewing the founding partners, Richard Bowsher and Grant Rushmere, the findings where compared against the marketing paradigms of Ottoman (1999) and the green marketing practices of Gittell et al. (2012). It was determined that the company engages in green activities, but does not communicate them clearly. Further, where the company did promote organic rooibos and sustainability, their actions were not reflective of these behaviours from an academic point of view. Thus, there was the potential for green washing. The research concludes with suggestions for a 4P’s green marketing framework, and comments on areas that need clarity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation of participative management in a museum in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Madinda, Nozipho
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Museums -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Management , Management -- Employee participation , Albany Museum (Grahamstown, South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:2068 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020847
- Description: The purpose of my research was to investigate participative management at the Albany Museum with a view to generating knowledge and insights that can be used to support senior management’s engagement with participative management at mid-management level. My interest was to investigate participative management with regards to five HODs of the Albany Museum with a view to generating knowledge and insights that can be used to support senior management’s engagement with participative management at mid-management level. The research was informed by the interpretive paradigm. The interpretive paradigm does not concern itself with the search for broadly applicable laws and rules but rather seeks to produce descriptive analyses that emphasise deep interpretation and understanding of social phenomena through the meaning that the people assign to them. This study is mostly descriptive and presents the reality of participants from their own experience. Semi-structured interviews and observation capture ‘insider’ knowledge that is part of an interpretive methodology. The study found that participative management was both understood and generally accepted as a good way to manage an organisation, and even members who were critical of it could see its benefits. However, the fractured and diversified structure of the organisation calls for a particularly skillful application of this management approach, one which would also demand leadership and a greater sense of working towards what are called collegial models of management. Whether this is in fact desirable for a museum is debatable.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Madinda, Nozipho
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Museums -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Management , Management -- Employee participation , Albany Museum (Grahamstown, South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:2068 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020847
- Description: The purpose of my research was to investigate participative management at the Albany Museum with a view to generating knowledge and insights that can be used to support senior management’s engagement with participative management at mid-management level. My interest was to investigate participative management with regards to five HODs of the Albany Museum with a view to generating knowledge and insights that can be used to support senior management’s engagement with participative management at mid-management level. The research was informed by the interpretive paradigm. The interpretive paradigm does not concern itself with the search for broadly applicable laws and rules but rather seeks to produce descriptive analyses that emphasise deep interpretation and understanding of social phenomena through the meaning that the people assign to them. This study is mostly descriptive and presents the reality of participants from their own experience. Semi-structured interviews and observation capture ‘insider’ knowledge that is part of an interpretive methodology. The study found that participative management was both understood and generally accepted as a good way to manage an organisation, and even members who were critical of it could see its benefits. However, the fractured and diversified structure of the organisation calls for a particularly skillful application of this management approach, one which would also demand leadership and a greater sense of working towards what are called collegial models of management. Whether this is in fact desirable for a museum is debatable.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation of servant leadership within Rhodes University sports clubs
- Authors: Stiebel, Jessica Lee
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:872 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021317
- Description: This research investigates the level of servant leadership within Rhodes University sport clubs. The goals of this research are to assess the perception the club members have of their chairperson and to key identify areas of development. The sport clubs at Rhodes University are partially run by chairpersons who are voted into the position by his or her peers of a sports club. The chairpersons work alongside Rhodes University employees who are a part of the Sports Administration team to oversee the running, scheduling and finances of the club. The sports clubs are representative of Rhodes University and it is the chairperson’s responsibility to ensure the club is lead and run effectively. Robert Greenleaf coined the term servant leader in the 1970s (Greenleaf, 1997). The servant leader is a leader who is driven by his or her followers, as leadership involves a leader serving his or her followers first and foremost (Greenleaf, 1977). The leader takes on a role that is supportive and contributes to their personal as well as their professional achievements (Smith, Montagno and Kuzmenko, 2004). A questionnaire consisting of 27 questions was drafted, of which were four demographic questions. A 5-point Likert Scale was used in order for the participants to respond to the questions. The questionnaire was drawn from a number of questionnaires available in literature on leadership and adapted to suit Rhodes University sports clubs. The questionnaire was distributed personally by the researcher, as well as through an online questionnaire. There were a total of 153 candidates who participated in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The majority of the respondents had the perceptions that their chairperson displayed characteristics of a servant leader. Majority of the participants were in agreement of the questions asked in the questionnaire, which focused on many servant leadership qualities. The results will be handed over to the Head of Sports Administration in order for them to get an idea of their leaders’ characteristics and areas where they can improve upon.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Stiebel, Jessica Lee
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:872 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021317
- Description: This research investigates the level of servant leadership within Rhodes University sport clubs. The goals of this research are to assess the perception the club members have of their chairperson and to key identify areas of development. The sport clubs at Rhodes University are partially run by chairpersons who are voted into the position by his or her peers of a sports club. The chairpersons work alongside Rhodes University employees who are a part of the Sports Administration team to oversee the running, scheduling and finances of the club. The sports clubs are representative of Rhodes University and it is the chairperson’s responsibility to ensure the club is lead and run effectively. Robert Greenleaf coined the term servant leader in the 1970s (Greenleaf, 1997). The servant leader is a leader who is driven by his or her followers, as leadership involves a leader serving his or her followers first and foremost (Greenleaf, 1977). The leader takes on a role that is supportive and contributes to their personal as well as their professional achievements (Smith, Montagno and Kuzmenko, 2004). A questionnaire consisting of 27 questions was drafted, of which were four demographic questions. A 5-point Likert Scale was used in order for the participants to respond to the questions. The questionnaire was drawn from a number of questionnaires available in literature on leadership and adapted to suit Rhodes University sports clubs. The questionnaire was distributed personally by the researcher, as well as through an online questionnaire. There were a total of 153 candidates who participated in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The majority of the respondents had the perceptions that their chairperson displayed characteristics of a servant leader. Majority of the participants were in agreement of the questions asked in the questionnaire, which focused on many servant leadership qualities. The results will be handed over to the Head of Sports Administration in order for them to get an idea of their leaders’ characteristics and areas where they can improve upon.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation of the aquatic macroinvertebrate fauna of the southern Great Escarpment (South Africa): insights from ecological and genetic studies
- Authors: Taylor, Chantal Lee
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4275 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020839
- Description: Biological diversity in freshwater biomes is vital to maintain healthy, functioning ecosystems with resilience to disturbance and the impacts of climate change. Freshwater ecosystems provide essential resources to life on Earth. However, as increasing pressure is being placed on the environment by human population growth, the quality of freshwater resources and the health of these ecosystems are at risk. Mountain streams provide an important source of water and are usually less affected by anthropogenic stressors, compared to lowland freshwaters. These montane streams are therefore of important conservation value and due to their untransformed nature serve as ideal ecosystems for biodiversity studies and as reference sites for studies on environmental change. This study explores aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity of the southern Great Escarpment in South Africa. Species assemblages and the environmental variables of each site were sampled from first order streams across five different mountain blocks along the Great Escarpment. Additionally, mitochondrial DNA of three mayfly species (Afroptilum sudafricanum, Demoreptus natalensis and Demoreptus capensis), commonly occurring in the study area, was analysed to compare the genetic diversity between habitat specialist and habitat generalist species. A total of 2 595 macroinvertebrate specimens from 47 families and 86 species were collected with several interesting and potentially new species being discovered. Partitioned diversity analyses indicate that macroinvertebrate diversity varies across mountain blocks. Multivariate analyses indicate that differences in assemblages could be attributed to differences in environmental variables between sites, particularly water velocity, total dissolved solids and salinity. As these environmental variables reflect of the topography of the sites, differences in species assemblages was attributed to difference in topography and therefore biotopes present. Habitat-restricted mayfly species (D. natalensis and D. capensis), occur in distinct populations confined to mountains blocks. Isolation-by-distance analyses further emphasis that these species are genetically restricted by their habitat preference for mountain streams. In contrast, A. sudafricanum, a habitat generalist, showed no indication of genetic structure due to location or distance. Possible cryptic taxa and new species were identified within A. sudafricanum and Dermoreptus respectively. This study provides an important contribution to the baseline data of freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity for the southern Great Escarpment region and provides insights into the considerable genetic diversity of selected aquatic taxa across this region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Taylor, Chantal Lee
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4275 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020839
- Description: Biological diversity in freshwater biomes is vital to maintain healthy, functioning ecosystems with resilience to disturbance and the impacts of climate change. Freshwater ecosystems provide essential resources to life on Earth. However, as increasing pressure is being placed on the environment by human population growth, the quality of freshwater resources and the health of these ecosystems are at risk. Mountain streams provide an important source of water and are usually less affected by anthropogenic stressors, compared to lowland freshwaters. These montane streams are therefore of important conservation value and due to their untransformed nature serve as ideal ecosystems for biodiversity studies and as reference sites for studies on environmental change. This study explores aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity of the southern Great Escarpment in South Africa. Species assemblages and the environmental variables of each site were sampled from first order streams across five different mountain blocks along the Great Escarpment. Additionally, mitochondrial DNA of three mayfly species (Afroptilum sudafricanum, Demoreptus natalensis and Demoreptus capensis), commonly occurring in the study area, was analysed to compare the genetic diversity between habitat specialist and habitat generalist species. A total of 2 595 macroinvertebrate specimens from 47 families and 86 species were collected with several interesting and potentially new species being discovered. Partitioned diversity analyses indicate that macroinvertebrate diversity varies across mountain blocks. Multivariate analyses indicate that differences in assemblages could be attributed to differences in environmental variables between sites, particularly water velocity, total dissolved solids and salinity. As these environmental variables reflect of the topography of the sites, differences in species assemblages was attributed to difference in topography and therefore biotopes present. Habitat-restricted mayfly species (D. natalensis and D. capensis), occur in distinct populations confined to mountains blocks. Isolation-by-distance analyses further emphasis that these species are genetically restricted by their habitat preference for mountain streams. In contrast, A. sudafricanum, a habitat generalist, showed no indication of genetic structure due to location or distance. Possible cryptic taxa and new species were identified within A. sudafricanum and Dermoreptus respectively. This study provides an important contribution to the baseline data of freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity for the southern Great Escarpment region and provides insights into the considerable genetic diversity of selected aquatic taxa across this region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016