Agricultural co-operative societies and challenges of sustainability: The case of vegetable cooperative societies in King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality, Eastern Cape Province
- Sohuma, Anathi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6260-6428
- Authors: Sohuma, Anathi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6260-6428
- Date: 2020-06
- Subjects: Agriculture, Cooperative , Sustainable development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21422 , vital:48601
- Description: The government has initiated various support programmes to assist agricultural co-operative societies to remain viable; however, many cooperatives continue to flounder while some have collapsed. This dissertation assesses the challenges of sustainability facing agricultural co-operative societies gushing vegetable co-operative societies in King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality, Eastern Cape Province as a point of departure. The study used the corporate sustainability theory to investigate the extent to which co-operative societies are able to operate sustainably. The data for this study were collected through document reviews and non-scheduled structured interviews which were conducted through a questionnaire. The board of directors were sampled purposively. The research adopted stratified sampling to select co-operative members that participated in the study. This research made use of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 software to analyse data. The outcomes provide an understanding of the sustainability challenges that face vegetable co-operative societies. The results show that most of the co-operative societies rely on members for daily farm management. With regards to management, co-operative societies reveal that they keep sales, production and meeting record books. Furthermore, most co-operatives specified that they received training for financial and production record-keeping. It was found that some cooperatives have had training only once since their establishment. However, fewer co-operatives reported that keeping records is still challenging for them due to lack of training and little profit made from sales. The findings suggest that co-operative societies can function well and become sustainable when there is good management and cooperation amongst members. Based on the findings of this research, it is recommended that the government and co-operative stakeholders should play a greater part in ensuring co-operative societies are developed and managed in a way that will make them sustainable without relying solely on government support. For example, the government and stakeholders can establish and enforce policies that encourage co-operatives to invest in member capability programmes that would equip farmers understanding, adoption and use of co-operative values and principles. This would help in reducing challenges that occur within co-operatives and promote cohesion and commitment within co-operatives. The role of extension services towards the sustainability of the co-operatives is crucial. The majority of the co-operatives indicated that there is some level of interaction between the co-operatives and extension personnel albeit, there is a need to improve the frequency of extension visits, training and follow-up appointments. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-06
- Authors: Sohuma, Anathi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6260-6428
- Date: 2020-06
- Subjects: Agriculture, Cooperative , Sustainable development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21422 , vital:48601
- Description: The government has initiated various support programmes to assist agricultural co-operative societies to remain viable; however, many cooperatives continue to flounder while some have collapsed. This dissertation assesses the challenges of sustainability facing agricultural co-operative societies gushing vegetable co-operative societies in King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality, Eastern Cape Province as a point of departure. The study used the corporate sustainability theory to investigate the extent to which co-operative societies are able to operate sustainably. The data for this study were collected through document reviews and non-scheduled structured interviews which were conducted through a questionnaire. The board of directors were sampled purposively. The research adopted stratified sampling to select co-operative members that participated in the study. This research made use of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 software to analyse data. The outcomes provide an understanding of the sustainability challenges that face vegetable co-operative societies. The results show that most of the co-operative societies rely on members for daily farm management. With regards to management, co-operative societies reveal that they keep sales, production and meeting record books. Furthermore, most co-operatives specified that they received training for financial and production record-keeping. It was found that some cooperatives have had training only once since their establishment. However, fewer co-operatives reported that keeping records is still challenging for them due to lack of training and little profit made from sales. The findings suggest that co-operative societies can function well and become sustainable when there is good management and cooperation amongst members. Based on the findings of this research, it is recommended that the government and co-operative stakeholders should play a greater part in ensuring co-operative societies are developed and managed in a way that will make them sustainable without relying solely on government support. For example, the government and stakeholders can establish and enforce policies that encourage co-operatives to invest in member capability programmes that would equip farmers understanding, adoption and use of co-operative values and principles. This would help in reducing challenges that occur within co-operatives and promote cohesion and commitment within co-operatives. The role of extension services towards the sustainability of the co-operatives is crucial. The majority of the co-operatives indicated that there is some level of interaction between the co-operatives and extension personnel albeit, there is a need to improve the frequency of extension visits, training and follow-up appointments. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-06
Critique of the International Criminal Court's Approach to International Criminal Justice in Selected African Jurisdictions
- Muringani, Tinotenda M (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-1179)
- Authors: Muringani, Tinotenda M (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-1179)
- Date: 2020-06
- Subjects: Justice , International criminal courts , Criminal Law
- Language: English
- Type: Master's/Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6445 , vital:46236
- Description: In 2002, the requisite number of ratifications to the Rome Statute was met, the International Criminal Court (ICC) was subsequently born. Just 16 years into its existence, the court finds itself under threat from the sovereign countries that at one stage, expressed their desire to improve the fight against impunity through a permanent international criminal court. But what has caused this shift? The ICC has been criticised for being a pro-African prosecution forum, this inference is drawn from the demographical distribution of the cases before the ICC that puts a significant majority of cases in Africa whereas other possible jurisdictions with similar cases have been left untouched by the ICC until recently. This study seeks to provide an analysis of the relationship between African states and the ICC. The study will provide a historical perspective on the development of International Criminal Law leading to the establishment of the International Criminal Court. This is followed by an analysis of the relations of the ICC and African states through three case studies of Kenya, South Africa and Sudan. The study will go further to provide an analysis of challenges that the ICC has faced with dealing with cases before and finally seek to explore the possibility of an alternative forum to prosecute perpetrators of international crimes centred in the African continent. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-06
- Authors: Muringani, Tinotenda M (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-1179)
- Date: 2020-06
- Subjects: Justice , International criminal courts , Criminal Law
- Language: English
- Type: Master's/Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6445 , vital:46236
- Description: In 2002, the requisite number of ratifications to the Rome Statute was met, the International Criminal Court (ICC) was subsequently born. Just 16 years into its existence, the court finds itself under threat from the sovereign countries that at one stage, expressed their desire to improve the fight against impunity through a permanent international criminal court. But what has caused this shift? The ICC has been criticised for being a pro-African prosecution forum, this inference is drawn from the demographical distribution of the cases before the ICC that puts a significant majority of cases in Africa whereas other possible jurisdictions with similar cases have been left untouched by the ICC until recently. This study seeks to provide an analysis of the relationship between African states and the ICC. The study will provide a historical perspective on the development of International Criminal Law leading to the establishment of the International Criminal Court. This is followed by an analysis of the relations of the ICC and African states through three case studies of Kenya, South Africa and Sudan. The study will go further to provide an analysis of challenges that the ICC has faced with dealing with cases before and finally seek to explore the possibility of an alternative forum to prosecute perpetrators of international crimes centred in the African continent. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-06
Determinants and contribution of participation in farming to rural households’ welfare in Nyandeni Local Municipality, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
- Authors: Qange, Siphesihle
- Date: 2020-06
- Subjects: Agricultural systems , Rural development , Community development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20849 , vital:46634
- Description: Participation in farming has been the main livelihood strategy for, especially in rural areas, where homesteads used to produce the majority of their basic food basket. Participation in farming is one of the strategies that can be used to address the food insecurity and poverty in rural areas. Participating in farming seems to be key in the improvement of rural households’ livelihoods, especially in the developing countries, however nowadays, participation in farming is declining from year to year. Rural households tend to invest more of their time in non-agricultural activities. Rural homesteads now behave like their urban counterparts; they purchase more food from the markets than they produce for themselves. Consequently, there are high levels of poverty and food insecurity in rural areas. Government and non-governmental organisations implemented a variety of agricultural projects with the intention of empowering subsistence farmers in rural areas. Despite these interventions, farming in rural areas has continued to decrease as rural dwellers have realised other livelihood strategies. Moreover, the decline in farming activities results in increased unemploymentrates, hunger, and food insecurity in rural areas, resulting in the depreciation of the economy. Therefore, the objective of the study is to investigate the determinants and contribution of participating in farming to the welfare of rural households. The study was conducted in Nyandeni Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in the survey and the data was obtained from 176 rural households comprising both those who participate in farming and those who do not. The study employed a cross-sectional research design, and purposive sampling was used to select the sample prior to the data collection. Data was collected and captured in Excel and then analysed using the Stata version 15. Descriptive statistics were used to profile the socio-economic characteristics of rural households, the probit model was used to determine the factors affecting farming in rural areas and Two stage least squares was used to determine the contribution of farming to the welfare of rural households. In reference to the descriptive statistics, the results indicated that 62 percent of the rural households were headed by females and 51 percent of the household heads were married. The average age of the household heads was 55 years old and above, and the average household comprised 5 persons. Moreover, 50 percent of the rural households had only obtained primary education and 55 percent were unemployed. The average farming experience was 12 years and 12 percent of the households confirmed that they receive extension services from the Government. The probit model was fitted to estimate the factors affecting rural households’ participation in farming. The empirical results indicated that education level, income and Participation in Agric. Project a negative influence on the participation of household in farming and they were significant at 0.01 and 0.05 significance level respectively. Access to extension services had a positive influence on households’ participation in farming and were significant at 5 percent. Farming experience had a positive influence on household participation in farming and was significant at 5 percent and farming experience had a positive influence on participation in farming and was significant at 1 percent significancelevel. Two stage least squares regression was used to measure factors affecting the contribution of household farming to rural household welfare. The study measured the contribution of household farming in terms of income generated from farming. The results indicated that Educational level, Household size and Condition of Infrastructure indicate a positive significant effect on income. The remaining variables, Age, Marital status, Participation in Agric. Project and Access to extension services have a negative significant effect on income. The study concluded that households headed by married individuals fared better than households headed by single individuals. Educated individuals have easy access to various sources of information that could help them with income-generating farming skills. Employment, more especially formal employment, results in higher income, and it is stated that the higher the income the better the welfare of the household. Therefore, the study recommends that Government must promote farming in rural areas through the initiation of support programmes and agricultural community projects. Rural households have the potential to succeed in farming but they lack input and proper equipment, and therefore it is recommended that Government should put more focus on household farming rather than their current primary focus on commercial farming. , Thesis (MSc) (Agricultural Economics) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-06
- Authors: Qange, Siphesihle
- Date: 2020-06
- Subjects: Agricultural systems , Rural development , Community development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20849 , vital:46634
- Description: Participation in farming has been the main livelihood strategy for, especially in rural areas, where homesteads used to produce the majority of their basic food basket. Participation in farming is one of the strategies that can be used to address the food insecurity and poverty in rural areas. Participating in farming seems to be key in the improvement of rural households’ livelihoods, especially in the developing countries, however nowadays, participation in farming is declining from year to year. Rural households tend to invest more of their time in non-agricultural activities. Rural homesteads now behave like their urban counterparts; they purchase more food from the markets than they produce for themselves. Consequently, there are high levels of poverty and food insecurity in rural areas. Government and non-governmental organisations implemented a variety of agricultural projects with the intention of empowering subsistence farmers in rural areas. Despite these interventions, farming in rural areas has continued to decrease as rural dwellers have realised other livelihood strategies. Moreover, the decline in farming activities results in increased unemploymentrates, hunger, and food insecurity in rural areas, resulting in the depreciation of the economy. Therefore, the objective of the study is to investigate the determinants and contribution of participating in farming to the welfare of rural households. The study was conducted in Nyandeni Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in the survey and the data was obtained from 176 rural households comprising both those who participate in farming and those who do not. The study employed a cross-sectional research design, and purposive sampling was used to select the sample prior to the data collection. Data was collected and captured in Excel and then analysed using the Stata version 15. Descriptive statistics were used to profile the socio-economic characteristics of rural households, the probit model was used to determine the factors affecting farming in rural areas and Two stage least squares was used to determine the contribution of farming to the welfare of rural households. In reference to the descriptive statistics, the results indicated that 62 percent of the rural households were headed by females and 51 percent of the household heads were married. The average age of the household heads was 55 years old and above, and the average household comprised 5 persons. Moreover, 50 percent of the rural households had only obtained primary education and 55 percent were unemployed. The average farming experience was 12 years and 12 percent of the households confirmed that they receive extension services from the Government. The probit model was fitted to estimate the factors affecting rural households’ participation in farming. The empirical results indicated that education level, income and Participation in Agric. Project a negative influence on the participation of household in farming and they were significant at 0.01 and 0.05 significance level respectively. Access to extension services had a positive influence on households’ participation in farming and were significant at 5 percent. Farming experience had a positive influence on household participation in farming and was significant at 5 percent and farming experience had a positive influence on participation in farming and was significant at 1 percent significancelevel. Two stage least squares regression was used to measure factors affecting the contribution of household farming to rural household welfare. The study measured the contribution of household farming in terms of income generated from farming. The results indicated that Educational level, Household size and Condition of Infrastructure indicate a positive significant effect on income. The remaining variables, Age, Marital status, Participation in Agric. Project and Access to extension services have a negative significant effect on income. The study concluded that households headed by married individuals fared better than households headed by single individuals. Educated individuals have easy access to various sources of information that could help them with income-generating farming skills. Employment, more especially formal employment, results in higher income, and it is stated that the higher the income the better the welfare of the household. Therefore, the study recommends that Government must promote farming in rural areas through the initiation of support programmes and agricultural community projects. Rural households have the potential to succeed in farming but they lack input and proper equipment, and therefore it is recommended that Government should put more focus on household farming rather than their current primary focus on commercial farming. , Thesis (MSc) (Agricultural Economics) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-06
Exploring preparedness of social workers to address the environmental justice issue in communities: the case of selected dumping sites in King Sabata Dalindyebo (KSD) municipality, Eastern Cape
- Njama, Thembani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8306-6501
- Authors: Njama, Thembani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8306-6501
- Date: 2020-06
- Subjects: Grahamstown (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22423 , vital:52064
- Description: Social workers are mandated to address environmental justice issues as part of working towards promoting community and environmental sustainability within and between communities. This thesis reports from a research study that was aimed at exploring the preparedness of social workers to address pollution in King Sabata Dalindyebo communities with the objective to: understand the social work intervention strategies social workers use to address pollution in KSD communities; identify the challenges if any social workers face when addressing pollution in KSD communities; and explore the confidence of social workers when addressing pollution in KSD communities. To achieve its aim and objectives, this study was exclusively informed by a qualitative research approach and thus utilised an explorative case study design to obtain in-depth qualitative data. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve social workers using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviewed social workers were sampled utilizing convenience and snowball sampling techniques. Mass collected data was analysed thematically and thus presented according to themes and subthemes. Findings indicated that social workers are not sufficiently prepared to address pollution in KSD communities because of lack of environmental education and training, coupled with lack of enabling resources. Therefore, this study recommended environmental social work education and training through organisational workshops as well as improved support and resourcing. This study also recommended a future study that will explore the progress of social work towards promoting environmental sustainability in communities. , Thesis (MSW) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-06
- Authors: Njama, Thembani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8306-6501
- Date: 2020-06
- Subjects: Grahamstown (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22423 , vital:52064
- Description: Social workers are mandated to address environmental justice issues as part of working towards promoting community and environmental sustainability within and between communities. This thesis reports from a research study that was aimed at exploring the preparedness of social workers to address pollution in King Sabata Dalindyebo communities with the objective to: understand the social work intervention strategies social workers use to address pollution in KSD communities; identify the challenges if any social workers face when addressing pollution in KSD communities; and explore the confidence of social workers when addressing pollution in KSD communities. To achieve its aim and objectives, this study was exclusively informed by a qualitative research approach and thus utilised an explorative case study design to obtain in-depth qualitative data. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve social workers using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviewed social workers were sampled utilizing convenience and snowball sampling techniques. Mass collected data was analysed thematically and thus presented according to themes and subthemes. Findings indicated that social workers are not sufficiently prepared to address pollution in KSD communities because of lack of environmental education and training, coupled with lack of enabling resources. Therefore, this study recommended environmental social work education and training through organisational workshops as well as improved support and resourcing. This study also recommended a future study that will explore the progress of social work towards promoting environmental sustainability in communities. , Thesis (MSW) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-06
Investigations into tolerance of quality protein maize germplasm to low soil pH.
- Authors: Mathiso, Ncebakazi
- Date: 2020-06
- Subjects: Proteins in human nutrition , Crops--Drought tolerance
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20804 , vital:46580
- Description: Quality protein maize (QPM) has double the amount of two crucial amino acids (tryptophan and lysine) compared to normal maize. These amino acids make QPM very nutritious and strategically important to overcoming malnutrition in communities that use maize as a staple food. However, QPM production is affected by many abiotic stress factors such as drought, salinity and low soil pH. Screening for tolerance to low soil pH was conducted in this study due to limited focus on this stress in previous QPM breeding efforts. The main objective of this study was to determine the response of QPM germplasm to low soil pH. The specific objectives were to: (i) screen QPM germplasm for tolerance to low soil pH at seedling stage; (ii) determine the combining ability and type of gene action controlling various traits of QPM inbred lines under low soil pH at seedling stage (iii) select QPM hybrids that are high yielding under limed and unlimed conditions, as well as across environments. This study was conducted in South Africa, at the University of Fort Hare and at Dohne Agricultural Development Institute. Screening of 21 QPM inbred lines and two testers under glasshouse conditions was conducted using a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. In this experiment, maize germplasm were screened for tolerance to low soil pH at the early seedling stage. The soil had a pH of 4, and it was sourced from Hogsback, in the Eastern Cape. The control was obtained by liming this soil so as to increase the pH to 5.5. Seedling traits such as chlorophyll content, stem diameter, plant height, root to shoot ratio, total biomass as well number of leaves were recorded in both experiments. JMP statistical software, version 14, was used for analysis of variance (ANOVA) and generating descriptive statistics on the traits that were measured. All measured traits showed highly significant variation (p<0,0001) except for number of leaves in the glasshouse experiment. Two indices, namely Dickson quality index and acidic soil adaptation index, revealed that tolerant inbred lines were QSW 20, IBL 7, IBL 1, IBL 14 and NC. The same 21 inbred lines were evaluated in the laboratory using the haematoxylin assay. A RCBD with three replicates was used to screen the inbred lines for tolerance to Al toxicity. The genotypes were exposed to a nutrient solution that had 440 uM of Al3+ at a pH of 4 while the control used a nutrient solution without Al toxicity at a pH of 5.8. Net root growth, relative root growth, total biomass and haematoxylin scoring were measured. All these parameters showed significant differences (p< 0,0001). The haematoxylin scoring and other measured traits were used to effectively assess the tolerance of inbred lines to Al toxicity. Inbred lines QSW 32, QSW 20, QSW 1, QSW 6 and IBL 1 were tolerant to Al toxicity. Combining ability of parental inbred lines and testers was evaluated for various traits under limed, unlimed as well as across (both limed and unlimed) environments in a glasshouse experiment. Line x tester hybrids and parental lines were evaluated in a RCBD with three replicates. The results showed that both additive and non-additive gene action influenced the expression of measured traits in all the environments. However, total dry weight was controlled by additive gene action in all the environments. There were no parents that showed good GCA for total dry weight under limed environments whereas inbred lines 17,15, 14, 1 and 20 had high GCA values for TDW under unlimed conditions. Moreover, across the environments, lines 21 and 14 showed good GCA for total dry weight. On the other hand, among the tescross hybrids evaluated under limed environment, seven hybrids had very high SCA values, while hybrids 10 x 20 and 6 x 20 showed best SCA for TDW under unlimed conditions. Under both limed and unlimed environments, hybrids with good SCA for TDW were 11 x 21 and 12 x 21. Forty testcross hybrids were assessed for yield potential under limed and unlimed conditions in the field using a RCBD with three replicates. The SAS version 9.2 was used for analysis of variance. Standard morphological traits measured showed significant differences under unlimed and limed conditions. Genotype OBT x IBL 2 had high grain yields, low yield reduction, a short anthesis-siking interval under low soil pH, and it was tolerant. On the other hand, genotypes NC, NC x IBL 6 and OBT x QSW 6 exhibited the best yield stability across across environments. These genotypes are recommended for further evaluation to ascertain their yield potential and stability of performance in multi-locational soil acidity hot spots. , Thesis (MSc) (Crop Science) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-06
- Authors: Mathiso, Ncebakazi
- Date: 2020-06
- Subjects: Proteins in human nutrition , Crops--Drought tolerance
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20804 , vital:46580
- Description: Quality protein maize (QPM) has double the amount of two crucial amino acids (tryptophan and lysine) compared to normal maize. These amino acids make QPM very nutritious and strategically important to overcoming malnutrition in communities that use maize as a staple food. However, QPM production is affected by many abiotic stress factors such as drought, salinity and low soil pH. Screening for tolerance to low soil pH was conducted in this study due to limited focus on this stress in previous QPM breeding efforts. The main objective of this study was to determine the response of QPM germplasm to low soil pH. The specific objectives were to: (i) screen QPM germplasm for tolerance to low soil pH at seedling stage; (ii) determine the combining ability and type of gene action controlling various traits of QPM inbred lines under low soil pH at seedling stage (iii) select QPM hybrids that are high yielding under limed and unlimed conditions, as well as across environments. This study was conducted in South Africa, at the University of Fort Hare and at Dohne Agricultural Development Institute. Screening of 21 QPM inbred lines and two testers under glasshouse conditions was conducted using a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. In this experiment, maize germplasm were screened for tolerance to low soil pH at the early seedling stage. The soil had a pH of 4, and it was sourced from Hogsback, in the Eastern Cape. The control was obtained by liming this soil so as to increase the pH to 5.5. Seedling traits such as chlorophyll content, stem diameter, plant height, root to shoot ratio, total biomass as well number of leaves were recorded in both experiments. JMP statistical software, version 14, was used for analysis of variance (ANOVA) and generating descriptive statistics on the traits that were measured. All measured traits showed highly significant variation (p<0,0001) except for number of leaves in the glasshouse experiment. Two indices, namely Dickson quality index and acidic soil adaptation index, revealed that tolerant inbred lines were QSW 20, IBL 7, IBL 1, IBL 14 and NC. The same 21 inbred lines were evaluated in the laboratory using the haematoxylin assay. A RCBD with three replicates was used to screen the inbred lines for tolerance to Al toxicity. The genotypes were exposed to a nutrient solution that had 440 uM of Al3+ at a pH of 4 while the control used a nutrient solution without Al toxicity at a pH of 5.8. Net root growth, relative root growth, total biomass and haematoxylin scoring were measured. All these parameters showed significant differences (p< 0,0001). The haematoxylin scoring and other measured traits were used to effectively assess the tolerance of inbred lines to Al toxicity. Inbred lines QSW 32, QSW 20, QSW 1, QSW 6 and IBL 1 were tolerant to Al toxicity. Combining ability of parental inbred lines and testers was evaluated for various traits under limed, unlimed as well as across (both limed and unlimed) environments in a glasshouse experiment. Line x tester hybrids and parental lines were evaluated in a RCBD with three replicates. The results showed that both additive and non-additive gene action influenced the expression of measured traits in all the environments. However, total dry weight was controlled by additive gene action in all the environments. There were no parents that showed good GCA for total dry weight under limed environments whereas inbred lines 17,15, 14, 1 and 20 had high GCA values for TDW under unlimed conditions. Moreover, across the environments, lines 21 and 14 showed good GCA for total dry weight. On the other hand, among the tescross hybrids evaluated under limed environment, seven hybrids had very high SCA values, while hybrids 10 x 20 and 6 x 20 showed best SCA for TDW under unlimed conditions. Under both limed and unlimed environments, hybrids with good SCA for TDW were 11 x 21 and 12 x 21. Forty testcross hybrids were assessed for yield potential under limed and unlimed conditions in the field using a RCBD with three replicates. The SAS version 9.2 was used for analysis of variance. Standard morphological traits measured showed significant differences under unlimed and limed conditions. Genotype OBT x IBL 2 had high grain yields, low yield reduction, a short anthesis-siking interval under low soil pH, and it was tolerant. On the other hand, genotypes NC, NC x IBL 6 and OBT x QSW 6 exhibited the best yield stability across across environments. These genotypes are recommended for further evaluation to ascertain their yield potential and stability of performance in multi-locational soil acidity hot spots. , Thesis (MSc) (Crop Science) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-06
Perceptions of parents on their involvement in the implementation of the prevention and management of learner pregnancy : a case study of three secondary schools in Amathole West District
- Authors: Mxothwa, Smileth Ncumisa
- Date: 2020-06
- Subjects: Pregnant teenagers , Sex instruction for teenagers
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19991 , vital:44923
- Description: There is quite a number of researches dealing with perceptions of parents on the prevention and management of learner pregnancy. However, less has been said about how these perceptions of parents on the prevention and management are being implemented to fulfil their purpose. Discovering how these perceptions are being implemented is necessary, bearing in mind that a large number of Schools are having high learner pregnancy and are lacking parental involvement in South Africa, particularly in terms of prevention and management. This is a qualitative study that seeks to explore the perceptions of parents on their implementation of the prevention and management of the learner pregnancy policy in the three secondary school in the Amathole West Education District. The interpretivism paradigm was used by the researcher for this study. A case study design was further used to detect the participants’ lived experiences, thoughts and outlooks about the implementation of the prevention and management of learner pregnancy policy in the secondary school. The data was collected through the use of interviews and focus group. The participants were purposefully selected in the sampling of this study. The participants included School Governing Body Chairpersons. In total, the study consisted of 18 participants. The data were analysed by reducing data into themes through the process of coding. It was further shortened and organised based on evolving themes, overall ideas, and related features. The study discovered that parents are not made aware of their importance by being involved at school level and also are not involved in the implementation of the prevention and management of learner pregnancy policy in the secondary schools in the Amathole West Education District. This research revealed that there need for parental involvement be practised by all schools in the implementation of the prevention and management of learner pregnancy policy as this would help in reducing learner pregnancy in secondary schools of Amathole West Education District. Findings also showed that though parents used different strategies to prevent learner pregnancy, these were not in line with pregnancy policy. The study also discovered that there is a lack of support and monitoring from the district officials to schools. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-06
- Authors: Mxothwa, Smileth Ncumisa
- Date: 2020-06
- Subjects: Pregnant teenagers , Sex instruction for teenagers
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19991 , vital:44923
- Description: There is quite a number of researches dealing with perceptions of parents on the prevention and management of learner pregnancy. However, less has been said about how these perceptions of parents on the prevention and management are being implemented to fulfil their purpose. Discovering how these perceptions are being implemented is necessary, bearing in mind that a large number of Schools are having high learner pregnancy and are lacking parental involvement in South Africa, particularly in terms of prevention and management. This is a qualitative study that seeks to explore the perceptions of parents on their implementation of the prevention and management of the learner pregnancy policy in the three secondary school in the Amathole West Education District. The interpretivism paradigm was used by the researcher for this study. A case study design was further used to detect the participants’ lived experiences, thoughts and outlooks about the implementation of the prevention and management of learner pregnancy policy in the secondary school. The data was collected through the use of interviews and focus group. The participants were purposefully selected in the sampling of this study. The participants included School Governing Body Chairpersons. In total, the study consisted of 18 participants. The data were analysed by reducing data into themes through the process of coding. It was further shortened and organised based on evolving themes, overall ideas, and related features. The study discovered that parents are not made aware of their importance by being involved at school level and also are not involved in the implementation of the prevention and management of learner pregnancy policy in the secondary schools in the Amathole West Education District. This research revealed that there need for parental involvement be practised by all schools in the implementation of the prevention and management of learner pregnancy policy as this would help in reducing learner pregnancy in secondary schools of Amathole West Education District. Findings also showed that though parents used different strategies to prevent learner pregnancy, these were not in line with pregnancy policy. The study also discovered that there is a lack of support and monitoring from the district officials to schools. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-06
Perceptions of teachers on the implementation of positive learner discipline: A case study of three primary schools in the Amathole-West Education District
- Authors: Bantom, Laetitia Anneline
- Date: 2020-06
- Subjects: School discipline , Classroom management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19980 , vital:44915
- Description: The aim of this study was to gain an insight into perceptions of teachers on the implementation of positive learner discipline in three primary schools in the Amathole- West Education District. The study was in the interpretive paradigm and adopted a qualitative approach in the collection of data. A case study design through face-to-face interviews and document analysis related to positive discipline were used for data collection. Three schools were selected through purposive sampling. Four teachers per school participated in the study and these were purposively sampled. Data from the findings were thematically presented and analysed by scrutinizing it for commonalities. The study revealed that teachers had ample knowledge on positive learner discipline and therefore tried to implement it to the best of their abilities. The study also established that teachers perceived positive discipline as a good approach for disciplining learners. Participants were aware that positive learner discipline made learners feel and that it assisted them to improve and sustain good behaviour. Data revealed that schools used different strategies to implement positive learner discipline, such as, class rules, rewards and awards, personal relationship with learners, role model, communication with learners, point system, goal setting, hand-system and sign language, isolated area in front of the classroom, positive attention and guidelines on discipline. In contrast, the study also revealed that a minority of teachers still administered corporal punishment, which is unlawful and traditional. They also applied punitive disciplinary measures. The study concluded that the selected schools encountered various challenges on the implementation of positive learner discipline. These included undisciplined learners, limited involvement and minimal support from the Department of Education (DoE) and limited support from the School Management Team (SMT), uninformed, ignorant and rude parents, lack of parental involvement, parents using punitive measures, no proper training for teachers and parents, overcrowded classrooms and unhappy teachers. As for monitoring and support from the SMT and DoE, the study envisaged that most participants were supported by the SMT, other than the DoE. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-06
- Authors: Bantom, Laetitia Anneline
- Date: 2020-06
- Subjects: School discipline , Classroom management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19980 , vital:44915
- Description: The aim of this study was to gain an insight into perceptions of teachers on the implementation of positive learner discipline in three primary schools in the Amathole- West Education District. The study was in the interpretive paradigm and adopted a qualitative approach in the collection of data. A case study design through face-to-face interviews and document analysis related to positive discipline were used for data collection. Three schools were selected through purposive sampling. Four teachers per school participated in the study and these were purposively sampled. Data from the findings were thematically presented and analysed by scrutinizing it for commonalities. The study revealed that teachers had ample knowledge on positive learner discipline and therefore tried to implement it to the best of their abilities. The study also established that teachers perceived positive discipline as a good approach for disciplining learners. Participants were aware that positive learner discipline made learners feel and that it assisted them to improve and sustain good behaviour. Data revealed that schools used different strategies to implement positive learner discipline, such as, class rules, rewards and awards, personal relationship with learners, role model, communication with learners, point system, goal setting, hand-system and sign language, isolated area in front of the classroom, positive attention and guidelines on discipline. In contrast, the study also revealed that a minority of teachers still administered corporal punishment, which is unlawful and traditional. They also applied punitive disciplinary measures. The study concluded that the selected schools encountered various challenges on the implementation of positive learner discipline. These included undisciplined learners, limited involvement and minimal support from the Department of Education (DoE) and limited support from the School Management Team (SMT), uninformed, ignorant and rude parents, lack of parental involvement, parents using punitive measures, no proper training for teachers and parents, overcrowded classrooms and unhappy teachers. As for monitoring and support from the SMT and DoE, the study envisaged that most participants were supported by the SMT, other than the DoE. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-06
Psychological empowerment and organisational citizenship behaviour as predictors of intention to stay among employees in the banking sector in Lesotho
- Authors: Domela-Serobanyane, Malinda
- Date: 2020-06
- Subjects: Psychology, Industrial , Organizational behavior , Banks and banking
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20263 , vital:45640
- Description: This study investigated the association between psychological empowerment and organisational citizenship behaviour, on the one hand, and intention to stay among employees in the banking sector in Lesotho. A few studies have investigated the relationship between intention to stay and the two independent variables of psychological empowerment and organisational citizenship behaviour individually. However, no study has investigated the relationship between intention to stay and psychological empowerment and organisational citizenship behaviour (combined) as predictors of intention to stay in the banking sector in Lesotho. Investigating psychological empowerment and organisational citizenship behaviour as predictors of employee intention to stay in the Lesotho banking sector has been considered vital for this study. Variables were chosen due to deficiencies in previous research related to the constructs of psychological empowerment; organisational citizenship behaviour and intention to stay explain the necessity for further research, in particular to the banking sector in Lesotho. Utilizing a positivist perspective, the current research used a closed questionnaire to 321 employees from three commercial banks in Lesotho. The response rate was 98 percent (309 responses). To analyse data, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used. In particular, this research used exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), analysis of moment structures (AMOS) as well as structural equation modelling to address the hypothesised relationships. Overall, the results of this study found that there is no association between psychological empowerment and employee intention to stay in the organisation. Demographic variables were used as control variables in the study and it was found, inter alia, that age positively influences the level of psychological empowerment as a predictor of intention to stay. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2020
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- Date Issued: 2020-06
- Authors: Domela-Serobanyane, Malinda
- Date: 2020-06
- Subjects: Psychology, Industrial , Organizational behavior , Banks and banking
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20263 , vital:45640
- Description: This study investigated the association between psychological empowerment and organisational citizenship behaviour, on the one hand, and intention to stay among employees in the banking sector in Lesotho. A few studies have investigated the relationship between intention to stay and the two independent variables of psychological empowerment and organisational citizenship behaviour individually. However, no study has investigated the relationship between intention to stay and psychological empowerment and organisational citizenship behaviour (combined) as predictors of intention to stay in the banking sector in Lesotho. Investigating psychological empowerment and organisational citizenship behaviour as predictors of employee intention to stay in the Lesotho banking sector has been considered vital for this study. Variables were chosen due to deficiencies in previous research related to the constructs of psychological empowerment; organisational citizenship behaviour and intention to stay explain the necessity for further research, in particular to the banking sector in Lesotho. Utilizing a positivist perspective, the current research used a closed questionnaire to 321 employees from three commercial banks in Lesotho. The response rate was 98 percent (309 responses). To analyse data, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used. In particular, this research used exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), analysis of moment structures (AMOS) as well as structural equation modelling to address the hypothesised relationships. Overall, the results of this study found that there is no association between psychological empowerment and employee intention to stay in the organisation. Demographic variables were used as control variables in the study and it was found, inter alia, that age positively influences the level of psychological empowerment as a predictor of intention to stay. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-06
Societal attitudes towards previously incarcerated individuals in Mdantsane Township (N.U.2), Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Mathebe, Nosiphiwo
- Date: 2020-06
- Subjects: Prisoners , Ex-convicts , Prisoners' writings, South African (English)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27128 , vital:66305
- Description: The study explored the societal attitudes towards previously incarcerated individuals in Mdantsane Township N.U.2, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The study aimed to achieve the following specific objectives: i. To establish the attitudes of the Mdantsane N.U.2 selected residents towards previously incarcerated individuals ii. To assess the kinds of treatment meted by the selected Mdantsane residents towards the previously incarcerated individuals; and iii). To establish the structural challenges that previously incarcerated individuals experience that impedes integration into their society. The study utilized a qualitative paradigm as guided by the qualitative research approach; and adopted a case study design. It employed interviews with previously incarcerated individuals and key informants, and focus groups with community members. An interview guide was used as a data collection instrument. The study used non-probability sampling, with purposive and snow-ball sampling techniques being utilized. The population of the study was made up of eighteen 18 participants, which comprised of six 6 previously incarcerated individuals, and ten 10 selected community members. The latter included ordinary people within the community, selected because they represent the community and societal attitudes to previously incarcerated individuals within their society. The two 2 key informants (Probation Officers) were selected on the basis of their understanding of offender reintegration, families and society. The data was analysed qualitatively through content thematic analysis. The study revealed the following findings: i. Trust deficits characterized the relations between previously incarcerated individuals and the society; ii. Previously incarcerated individuals were labelled and often called thieves and criminals; iii. Poor socio-economic conditions structural conditions and systemic issues trigger previously incarcerated individual’s recidivism; iv). Previously incarcerated individuals resorted to criminal and corrupt practices for an income; v. Criminal record proved to be a stumbling block in the previously incarcerated individuals’ employment opportunities; vi. Previously incarcerated individuals obtained employment through familial connections and being self-employed; v. Community attitudes ran counter to previously incarcerated individuals’ rehabilitation and reintegration efforts; vi. The community dissuaded previously incarcerated individual’s reintegration; and vii). Integrated state intervention was recommended as a sure way to bolster effective reintegration of previously incarcerated individuals to their community. The following recommendations emerge from the study The need for additional recruitment of a variety of disciplines to work with the Department of Correctional Services to ease the reintegration process of previously incarcerated individuals Using stakeholders’ synergy to expedite previously incarcerated individual’s reintegration Community stakeholders holding awareness sessions on offender reintegration amongst communities and expediting victim- offender-family rehabilitation. The researcher hopes that the accomplishment of objectives will aid the government and the pertinent stakeholders in fighting the negative attitudes that hinder the success of previously incarcerated individual’s reintegration. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-06
- Authors: Mathebe, Nosiphiwo
- Date: 2020-06
- Subjects: Prisoners , Ex-convicts , Prisoners' writings, South African (English)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27128 , vital:66305
- Description: The study explored the societal attitudes towards previously incarcerated individuals in Mdantsane Township N.U.2, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The study aimed to achieve the following specific objectives: i. To establish the attitudes of the Mdantsane N.U.2 selected residents towards previously incarcerated individuals ii. To assess the kinds of treatment meted by the selected Mdantsane residents towards the previously incarcerated individuals; and iii). To establish the structural challenges that previously incarcerated individuals experience that impedes integration into their society. The study utilized a qualitative paradigm as guided by the qualitative research approach; and adopted a case study design. It employed interviews with previously incarcerated individuals and key informants, and focus groups with community members. An interview guide was used as a data collection instrument. The study used non-probability sampling, with purposive and snow-ball sampling techniques being utilized. The population of the study was made up of eighteen 18 participants, which comprised of six 6 previously incarcerated individuals, and ten 10 selected community members. The latter included ordinary people within the community, selected because they represent the community and societal attitudes to previously incarcerated individuals within their society. The two 2 key informants (Probation Officers) were selected on the basis of their understanding of offender reintegration, families and society. The data was analysed qualitatively through content thematic analysis. The study revealed the following findings: i. Trust deficits characterized the relations between previously incarcerated individuals and the society; ii. Previously incarcerated individuals were labelled and often called thieves and criminals; iii. Poor socio-economic conditions structural conditions and systemic issues trigger previously incarcerated individual’s recidivism; iv). Previously incarcerated individuals resorted to criminal and corrupt practices for an income; v. Criminal record proved to be a stumbling block in the previously incarcerated individuals’ employment opportunities; vi. Previously incarcerated individuals obtained employment through familial connections and being self-employed; v. Community attitudes ran counter to previously incarcerated individuals’ rehabilitation and reintegration efforts; vi. The community dissuaded previously incarcerated individual’s reintegration; and vii). Integrated state intervention was recommended as a sure way to bolster effective reintegration of previously incarcerated individuals to their community. The following recommendations emerge from the study The need for additional recruitment of a variety of disciplines to work with the Department of Correctional Services to ease the reintegration process of previously incarcerated individuals Using stakeholders’ synergy to expedite previously incarcerated individual’s reintegration Community stakeholders holding awareness sessions on offender reintegration amongst communities and expediting victim- offender-family rehabilitation. The researcher hopes that the accomplishment of objectives will aid the government and the pertinent stakeholders in fighting the negative attitudes that hinder the success of previously incarcerated individual’s reintegration. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-06
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