An evaluation of performance management development system alignment with organizational objectives: case study of the Department of Tourism.
- Authors: Mkhavele, Enes Katekani
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Performance--Management , Organizational effectiveness , Employees--Rating of
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21455 , vital:48645
- Description: The aim and objectives of this study are to assess the public sectors’ performance management development framework’s role in fulfilling organizational and employees’ performance objectives within Department of Tourism, to identify areas of disconnect between the Department of Tourism’s strategic objectives and employee performance, to determine whether the current employee rewards system enhances organizational commitment and promotes organizational effectiveness. Lastly, the study seeks to make a recommendation on how the Department of Tourism can align its employee’s performance management systems with the organizational performance planning process. , Thesis (PhD) (Public Administration) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
- Authors: Mkhavele, Enes Katekani
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Performance--Management , Organizational effectiveness , Employees--Rating of
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21455 , vital:48645
- Description: The aim and objectives of this study are to assess the public sectors’ performance management development framework’s role in fulfilling organizational and employees’ performance objectives within Department of Tourism, to identify areas of disconnect between the Department of Tourism’s strategic objectives and employee performance, to determine whether the current employee rewards system enhances organizational commitment and promotes organizational effectiveness. Lastly, the study seeks to make a recommendation on how the Department of Tourism can align its employee’s performance management systems with the organizational performance planning process. , Thesis (PhD) (Public Administration) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
Analysis of challenges facing police retirees in the Eastern Cape of South Africa: development of adjustment programme for police retirees to the community
- Authors: Kwayiba, Nthabiseng Justina
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Police -- Retirement , Police -- Pensions , Retirement income
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21977 , vital:51865
- Description: The purpose of the study was to investigate the challenges faced by police retirees of the Eastern Cape, South Africa, and to contribute towards the establishment of a post-retirement programme that would assist retirees to experience satisfaction in retirement. Upon retirement, police officers leave a job of personified authority and responsibility and become civilians. Throughout their career, police officers work under strenuous shifts, exposure to violence and witness gruesome incidents. In some cases, they facilitate the arrest of their neighbours and even family members in conflict with the law. How they adjust in the communities when they retire has never been investigated in the Eastern Cape, a research gap this study intended to address. A qualitative research methodology and a case study design was adopted. The data were collected from 21 participants. Semi-structured interviews and observations were used as methods of data collection. The interpretivism paradigm informed data analysis process. The life course theory was used as a theoretical framework for this study. The findings of this study revealed that police retirees experience challenges that are different from other public servants and the South African Police Service (SAPS) does not have programmes to prepare employees for retirement. The study established that most of the retirees had not yet adjusted to retirement because of the challenges they faced. Among the unique challenges that they experience are psychological challenges such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) emanating from their daily exposure to gruesome incidents, violence and working under strenuous shifts. The study also revealed that the retirees experienced broken social support system (family), social rejection by their previous employer (SAPS), and the communities they are retiring in. Therefore, as a result of rejection they relocate and start a new life somewhere else, where they suffer loneliness. Neglect by the employer (SAPS) made them feel useless and unappreciated. It was also established that the handing back of police equipment and uniforms makes them feel a sense of loss of power and authority, which makes them feel unsafe. The feeling of insecurity become more intense when the people they arrested threaten revenge on them when they are on retirement. The study recommends commitment from different stakeholders to assist employees in SAPS to experience a smooth and rewarding transition towards retirement. These include a pre-retirement planning programme that will engage employees ten years before retirement and require the employer’s commitment, a transition programme, that will engage retirees during retirement and require commitment from the police medical aid (POLMED) and community policing forum involvement. Finally, the establishment of social support system in the post-retirement programme is required for the extension of employee health and wellness (EHW) services. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
- Authors: Kwayiba, Nthabiseng Justina
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Police -- Retirement , Police -- Pensions , Retirement income
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21977 , vital:51865
- Description: The purpose of the study was to investigate the challenges faced by police retirees of the Eastern Cape, South Africa, and to contribute towards the establishment of a post-retirement programme that would assist retirees to experience satisfaction in retirement. Upon retirement, police officers leave a job of personified authority and responsibility and become civilians. Throughout their career, police officers work under strenuous shifts, exposure to violence and witness gruesome incidents. In some cases, they facilitate the arrest of their neighbours and even family members in conflict with the law. How they adjust in the communities when they retire has never been investigated in the Eastern Cape, a research gap this study intended to address. A qualitative research methodology and a case study design was adopted. The data were collected from 21 participants. Semi-structured interviews and observations were used as methods of data collection. The interpretivism paradigm informed data analysis process. The life course theory was used as a theoretical framework for this study. The findings of this study revealed that police retirees experience challenges that are different from other public servants and the South African Police Service (SAPS) does not have programmes to prepare employees for retirement. The study established that most of the retirees had not yet adjusted to retirement because of the challenges they faced. Among the unique challenges that they experience are psychological challenges such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) emanating from their daily exposure to gruesome incidents, violence and working under strenuous shifts. The study also revealed that the retirees experienced broken social support system (family), social rejection by their previous employer (SAPS), and the communities they are retiring in. Therefore, as a result of rejection they relocate and start a new life somewhere else, where they suffer loneliness. Neglect by the employer (SAPS) made them feel useless and unappreciated. It was also established that the handing back of police equipment and uniforms makes them feel a sense of loss of power and authority, which makes them feel unsafe. The feeling of insecurity become more intense when the people they arrested threaten revenge on them when they are on retirement. The study recommends commitment from different stakeholders to assist employees in SAPS to experience a smooth and rewarding transition towards retirement. These include a pre-retirement planning programme that will engage employees ten years before retirement and require the employer’s commitment, a transition programme, that will engage retirees during retirement and require commitment from the police medical aid (POLMED) and community policing forum involvement. Finally, the establishment of social support system in the post-retirement programme is required for the extension of employee health and wellness (EHW) services. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
Effects of incarceration of women on the family system: a case of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality
- Authors: Dlova, Chumisa
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Women prisoners -- Effect of imprisonment on -- South Africa , Prisoners -- Family relationships , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22278 , vital:52014
- Description: Incarceration is a world-wide phenomenon. It is aimed at punishing those who are in conflict with the law while ensuring that they also undergo rehabilitation processes. Whereas one cannot argue that incarceration is inevitable for those in conflict with the law, it is essential to realise that, when a woman is incarcerated, the remaining family unit members are left behind to deal with all the effects of having a family member taken away. It has been observed that there is an increase in the number of incarcerated women. About two-thirds of incarcerated women reported having one or more minor children, and most of them have lived with their children before incarceration compared to 36% of men (Woodard & Copp, 2016). This study aimed to understand the effects of incarceration of women on the family system in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM). The study discussed the effects of women incarceration on their children, spouses/partners and care-givers. The available support services were also explored and the coping mechanisms adopted by these families during this period of incarceration. The study utilised a case study research design which was explorative in nature. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews with 15 participants who included eight children, one spouse, one partner and five care-givers. Bowen’s family system’s theory (1978) was utilised as an epistemological framework for the study. The study's findings revealed that the incarceration of women has a negative impact on the family members left behind. This increases the chances of school drop-out, alternative care placement and even criminal involvement of children themselves. It was also discovered that financial difficulties, infidelity and lack of proper support systems for these families are a challenge that is directly associated with incarceration. The study recommended that more efforts should be made to provide support through governmental, non-governmental and communitybased interventions to the families of incarcerated women to prevent these unintended effects. , Thesis (MSW) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
- Authors: Dlova, Chumisa
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Women prisoners -- Effect of imprisonment on -- South Africa , Prisoners -- Family relationships , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22278 , vital:52014
- Description: Incarceration is a world-wide phenomenon. It is aimed at punishing those who are in conflict with the law while ensuring that they also undergo rehabilitation processes. Whereas one cannot argue that incarceration is inevitable for those in conflict with the law, it is essential to realise that, when a woman is incarcerated, the remaining family unit members are left behind to deal with all the effects of having a family member taken away. It has been observed that there is an increase in the number of incarcerated women. About two-thirds of incarcerated women reported having one or more minor children, and most of them have lived with their children before incarceration compared to 36% of men (Woodard & Copp, 2016). This study aimed to understand the effects of incarceration of women on the family system in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM). The study discussed the effects of women incarceration on their children, spouses/partners and care-givers. The available support services were also explored and the coping mechanisms adopted by these families during this period of incarceration. The study utilised a case study research design which was explorative in nature. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews with 15 participants who included eight children, one spouse, one partner and five care-givers. Bowen’s family system’s theory (1978) was utilised as an epistemological framework for the study. The study's findings revealed that the incarceration of women has a negative impact on the family members left behind. This increases the chances of school drop-out, alternative care placement and even criminal involvement of children themselves. It was also discovered that financial difficulties, infidelity and lack of proper support systems for these families are a challenge that is directly associated with incarceration. The study recommended that more efforts should be made to provide support through governmental, non-governmental and communitybased interventions to the families of incarcerated women to prevent these unintended effects. , Thesis (MSW) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
Effects of urban expansion on coastal vegetation ecosystems conservation and functioning in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa
- Olatoye, Tolulope Ayodeji https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2249-9258
- Authors: Olatoye, Tolulope Ayodeji https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2249-9258
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Sustainable development , City planning -- Environmental aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21556 , vital:48885
- Description: Coastal urban expansion is on an upward trajectory, which poses serious threats to ecosystem functioning, human wellbeing and the general environment across the globe. It is on this premise that this study brings to the fore the growing complexity of environmental sustainability problems in a former apartheid space, as characterized by coastal urbanization and the intricacies of vegetation conservation. Consequently, literature utilized for this study reveals that urban expansion has led to an uncontrolled threat to the coastal ecosystem, culminating in soil erosion, environmental pollution through illegal dumping of solid waste, loss of coastal vegetation to other land use types, among others. Therefore, constant monitoring of these spaces is needed due to their fragility, as they are pivotal in the earth-atmosphere processes to the benefit of the entire humanity. To this end, the current study offers critical analysis and insights about the South African coastal ecological space. The essence of using BCMM in its consideration as an ecological space and former apartheid territory brings to the fore a scientific explanation of the spatial configuration and changes in the CVEs of the study area during the post-colonial era. In the course of investigating this study, the Urban Green Sustainability (UGS) theory was adopted in the course of selecting the review of literature, methodological approach and analysis of results. A mixed methodological approach (qualitative, quantitative and geospatial techniques) was explored in data collection and analysis. 254 copies of the questionnaire were returned and analysed for this research. Results generated revealed by the BCMM respondents confirms the occurrence of uncontrolled urbanization, deforestation and crop cultivation as major causes of coastal vegetation loss. In the same vein, the LULC classification results revealed that about 466 km2 of forest vegetation has been lost in BCMM from 1998-2018. Also, LULC classification results were validated by performing the Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI), Kappa’s coefficient (k), coefficient of determination (R2) and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (P) tests. The results also revealed that the built-up area had increased from 194 km2 in 1998 to 814 km2 in 2008. Further, all statistical tests revealed very good and highly correlated overall classification accuracies (of R2=0.89 and P=0.86) during the study period (1998 – 2018). This study makes a clarion call towards the rehabilitation of degraded coastal environments and proffers solutions towards the actualization of environmentally sustainable CVEs which offers optimal ecosystem services. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
- Authors: Olatoye, Tolulope Ayodeji https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2249-9258
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Sustainable development , City planning -- Environmental aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21556 , vital:48885
- Description: Coastal urban expansion is on an upward trajectory, which poses serious threats to ecosystem functioning, human wellbeing and the general environment across the globe. It is on this premise that this study brings to the fore the growing complexity of environmental sustainability problems in a former apartheid space, as characterized by coastal urbanization and the intricacies of vegetation conservation. Consequently, literature utilized for this study reveals that urban expansion has led to an uncontrolled threat to the coastal ecosystem, culminating in soil erosion, environmental pollution through illegal dumping of solid waste, loss of coastal vegetation to other land use types, among others. Therefore, constant monitoring of these spaces is needed due to their fragility, as they are pivotal in the earth-atmosphere processes to the benefit of the entire humanity. To this end, the current study offers critical analysis and insights about the South African coastal ecological space. The essence of using BCMM in its consideration as an ecological space and former apartheid territory brings to the fore a scientific explanation of the spatial configuration and changes in the CVEs of the study area during the post-colonial era. In the course of investigating this study, the Urban Green Sustainability (UGS) theory was adopted in the course of selecting the review of literature, methodological approach and analysis of results. A mixed methodological approach (qualitative, quantitative and geospatial techniques) was explored in data collection and analysis. 254 copies of the questionnaire were returned and analysed for this research. Results generated revealed by the BCMM respondents confirms the occurrence of uncontrolled urbanization, deforestation and crop cultivation as major causes of coastal vegetation loss. In the same vein, the LULC classification results revealed that about 466 km2 of forest vegetation has been lost in BCMM from 1998-2018. Also, LULC classification results were validated by performing the Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI), Kappa’s coefficient (k), coefficient of determination (R2) and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (P) tests. The results also revealed that the built-up area had increased from 194 km2 in 1998 to 814 km2 in 2008. Further, all statistical tests revealed very good and highly correlated overall classification accuracies (of R2=0.89 and P=0.86) during the study period (1998 – 2018). This study makes a clarion call towards the rehabilitation of degraded coastal environments and proffers solutions towards the actualization of environmentally sustainable CVEs which offers optimal ecosystem services. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
Exploring the socioeconomic hurdles faced by older persons: the Case of Marondera, Zimbabwe
- Mbulayi, Shingirai P https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-6234
- Authors: Mbulayi, Shingirai P https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-6234
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Economics -- Sociological aspects , Welfare economics , Zimbabwe -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22390 , vital:52039
- Description: Zimbabwe is entering into an era of rapid population ageing and like many other countries in the developing world, the country appears to be oblivion or at least trivializing the importance of setting up systems and infrastructures to accommodate this impending demographic shift. This qualitative study explored the socioeconomic conditions faced by older persons in Dombotombo high density Suburb of Marondera in Zimbabwe. The study aimed to generate credible evidence to stimulate and provoke a serious discourse regarding the welfare of older persons both in the short and long term. The study was predicated on three fundamental objectives stated as: (i) To demonstrate the socioeconomic challenges encountered by older persons in Dombotombo high density suburb of Marondera in Zimbabwe, (ii) To determine the survival strategies used by the older persons in Dombotombo high density suburb of Marondera in Zimbabwe and (iii) To appraise the role played by the government and donor organizations in supporting the welfare of older persons in Dombotombo high density suburb of Marondera in Zimbabwe. Methodologically, the study was designed and undertaken using the qualitative research approach, design and techniques. The total sample size in the study was forty-eight (48) participants’ including twenty (20) older persons who took part in in-depth interviews, twentyfour (24) older persons who took part in three focus group discussions and four (4) key informants who took part in key informant interviews. All participants were purposively selected for inclusion in the study. Data for the study was collected through in-depth interviews, document analysis, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Data collection was guided by predesigned in-depth interview and focus group discussion schedules which included a number of questions. Collected data sets were subjected to thematic data analysis. The study was convienecd through the lens of the Modernisation Theory of Ageing and the Social Exchange Theory of Ageing. Findings demonstrated that older persons in Dombotombo suburb of Marondera were not a homogenous group, they faced multiple socioeconomic conditions ranging from ageism, poverty, abuse, exploitation, geriatric related morbidities, vicarious bereavement, low coverage by social protection programmes, limited support from the government and donor communities. Amid these challenges, findings demonstrated that older persons in Dombotombo were not passive victims of their advanced ages and circumstances; rather, they had devised and embraced various socioeconomic, cultural and religious survival strategies. The study recommended the need for the government and its allied development partners to invest in geriatric welfare by setting up systems and mobilizing communities and families and other social institutions to be companionate and supportive of their ageing members. , Thesis (MSW) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
- Authors: Mbulayi, Shingirai P https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-6234
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Economics -- Sociological aspects , Welfare economics , Zimbabwe -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22390 , vital:52039
- Description: Zimbabwe is entering into an era of rapid population ageing and like many other countries in the developing world, the country appears to be oblivion or at least trivializing the importance of setting up systems and infrastructures to accommodate this impending demographic shift. This qualitative study explored the socioeconomic conditions faced by older persons in Dombotombo high density Suburb of Marondera in Zimbabwe. The study aimed to generate credible evidence to stimulate and provoke a serious discourse regarding the welfare of older persons both in the short and long term. The study was predicated on three fundamental objectives stated as: (i) To demonstrate the socioeconomic challenges encountered by older persons in Dombotombo high density suburb of Marondera in Zimbabwe, (ii) To determine the survival strategies used by the older persons in Dombotombo high density suburb of Marondera in Zimbabwe and (iii) To appraise the role played by the government and donor organizations in supporting the welfare of older persons in Dombotombo high density suburb of Marondera in Zimbabwe. Methodologically, the study was designed and undertaken using the qualitative research approach, design and techniques. The total sample size in the study was forty-eight (48) participants’ including twenty (20) older persons who took part in in-depth interviews, twentyfour (24) older persons who took part in three focus group discussions and four (4) key informants who took part in key informant interviews. All participants were purposively selected for inclusion in the study. Data for the study was collected through in-depth interviews, document analysis, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Data collection was guided by predesigned in-depth interview and focus group discussion schedules which included a number of questions. Collected data sets were subjected to thematic data analysis. The study was convienecd through the lens of the Modernisation Theory of Ageing and the Social Exchange Theory of Ageing. Findings demonstrated that older persons in Dombotombo suburb of Marondera were not a homogenous group, they faced multiple socioeconomic conditions ranging from ageism, poverty, abuse, exploitation, geriatric related morbidities, vicarious bereavement, low coverage by social protection programmes, limited support from the government and donor communities. Amid these challenges, findings demonstrated that older persons in Dombotombo were not passive victims of their advanced ages and circumstances; rather, they had devised and embraced various socioeconomic, cultural and religious survival strategies. The study recommended the need for the government and its allied development partners to invest in geriatric welfare by setting up systems and mobilizing communities and families and other social institutions to be companionate and supportive of their ageing members. , Thesis (MSW) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
Groundwater exploration using borehole and geophysical techniques in the east of Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality (formerly Nkonkobe Local Municipality) in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Xanga, Sithule
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Groundwater ecology , Geophysical instruments , Borehole gravimetry
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22643 , vital:52616
- Description: The study area lies in the eastern portion of Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality (RMLM), formerly known as Nkonkobe Local Municipality within the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa in the southeastern portion of the main Karoo Basin. Its northen part is mountainous with high altitude of about 1500 m with dense vegetation, whereas the southern part attains low altitude of about 600 m with sparse vegetation. The entire study area is covered on the surface by the Beaufort Group sediments comprised of three geological formations namely Middleton Formation, Balfour Formation members (Oudeberg, Daggaboersnek, Baberskrans, Elandsberg, and Pilangkloof), and the Katberg Formation. Karoo igneous bodies (dolerite dykes and sills) intruded the sediments causing fracturing. The area receives mean annual precipitation of about 54 mm. It is semi-arid to dry with insufficient surface water resources and hence the need for this research to explore for potential groundwater. Many techniques were employed to reveal the surface and subsurface geology, including groundwater potential areas using climate data, vegetation cover, borehole data analysis, geological field mapping, rock samples collection for petrographic analysis, a density-porosity determination, magnetic data analysis, and electrical resistivity tomography. The study area was divided into seven sub-regions, SR1 to SR7. The climate data showed that the area experiences high monthly average temperatures of about 21.6 °C during the summer, and is a semi-arid to dry region. Vegetation cover is dense in the mountainous northern part of the study area. It receives comparatively high rainfall, experiences less evapotranspiration than the southern part the low altitude, receives less rainfall, and has relatively high temperatures and evapotranspiration. A total of 385 boreholes from the Department Water and Sanitation were analysed and these showed that sub-regions SR1 up to SR7 had average borehole depths ranging from 51.9 to 67.7 m, water strike depths from 13.8 to 21.7 m and yields from 0.8 to 1.9 L/s. Sub-regions SR2, SR4, SR5, while SR7 have an average yield ≥ 1.4 L/s up to 1.9 L/s and are classified in this study as having a good or high groundwater yield potential. Fifteen thin sections were studied indicating that the Beaufort Group has mudstone, shale and fine-grained sandstone. The latter was dominant in the studied thin sections with 70 – 80 % quartz, 15 – 20 % groundmass, 5 – 10 % of feldspars, 2 – 5 % biotite, and some had vein like cracks filled with clay cement. Laboratory studies show average dry densities for the formations vary from 2.44 to 2.65 g/cm3, and porosities range from 1.6 to 4.0 %. Magnetic grid data obtained from the Council for Geoscience (CGS) were reduced to the pole, first vertical derivative and analytic signal maps were generated to delineate magnetic sources in the sediments. The magnetic anomalies showed lineaments and ring-shaped patterns that were interpreted to be due to Karoo dykes and sills, respectively. Some of these intrusions are mapped on the geological map and quite a number are not mapped as they are under sediment cover. The intrusions are important in groundwater exploration as they would have caused fracturing of surrounding formations causing increased secondary porosity and permeability. Further, they are groundwater localisers. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was carried out at 12 selected sites using the dipoledipole and Wenner-Schlumberger arrays, with a maximum cable length of 360 m was used with an approximate maximum depth of investigation of 70 m. Most of the sites’ inverted models show a low resistivity top layer of about 10 m thickness, which is inferred to be topsoil with moisture/water and or clayey content. A high resistivity second layer underneath the top layer, and is interpreted to be slightly weathered sandstone at its top grading into compact sandstones at the bottom of the investigation depth. Four site results show models with an intermediate layer between the top and bottom layers consisting of moderate resistivity values due to mudstones. Most of the models have vertical, narrow, low resistivity zones extending from the surface to the bottom layer, interpreted as fracturing. The top layer could be an unconfined aquifer during the wet months but is likely to dry up during the dry, hot months. The inferred fractures that extend deeper from the surface could be good groundwater targets to drill boreholes. Dolerite intrusions can act as natural groundwater barriers depending on their orientation hence such structures are the main targets when searching for groundwater. Vegetation cover observed on satellite images of remote sensing can be used along with other techniques to explore for groundwater. It is recommended that future ERT surveys should measure both electrical resistivity and induced polarization chargeability to discriminate between water and clay influence. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
- Authors: Xanga, Sithule
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Groundwater ecology , Geophysical instruments , Borehole gravimetry
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22643 , vital:52616
- Description: The study area lies in the eastern portion of Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality (RMLM), formerly known as Nkonkobe Local Municipality within the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa in the southeastern portion of the main Karoo Basin. Its northen part is mountainous with high altitude of about 1500 m with dense vegetation, whereas the southern part attains low altitude of about 600 m with sparse vegetation. The entire study area is covered on the surface by the Beaufort Group sediments comprised of three geological formations namely Middleton Formation, Balfour Formation members (Oudeberg, Daggaboersnek, Baberskrans, Elandsberg, and Pilangkloof), and the Katberg Formation. Karoo igneous bodies (dolerite dykes and sills) intruded the sediments causing fracturing. The area receives mean annual precipitation of about 54 mm. It is semi-arid to dry with insufficient surface water resources and hence the need for this research to explore for potential groundwater. Many techniques were employed to reveal the surface and subsurface geology, including groundwater potential areas using climate data, vegetation cover, borehole data analysis, geological field mapping, rock samples collection for petrographic analysis, a density-porosity determination, magnetic data analysis, and electrical resistivity tomography. The study area was divided into seven sub-regions, SR1 to SR7. The climate data showed that the area experiences high monthly average temperatures of about 21.6 °C during the summer, and is a semi-arid to dry region. Vegetation cover is dense in the mountainous northern part of the study area. It receives comparatively high rainfall, experiences less evapotranspiration than the southern part the low altitude, receives less rainfall, and has relatively high temperatures and evapotranspiration. A total of 385 boreholes from the Department Water and Sanitation were analysed and these showed that sub-regions SR1 up to SR7 had average borehole depths ranging from 51.9 to 67.7 m, water strike depths from 13.8 to 21.7 m and yields from 0.8 to 1.9 L/s. Sub-regions SR2, SR4, SR5, while SR7 have an average yield ≥ 1.4 L/s up to 1.9 L/s and are classified in this study as having a good or high groundwater yield potential. Fifteen thin sections were studied indicating that the Beaufort Group has mudstone, shale and fine-grained sandstone. The latter was dominant in the studied thin sections with 70 – 80 % quartz, 15 – 20 % groundmass, 5 – 10 % of feldspars, 2 – 5 % biotite, and some had vein like cracks filled with clay cement. Laboratory studies show average dry densities for the formations vary from 2.44 to 2.65 g/cm3, and porosities range from 1.6 to 4.0 %. Magnetic grid data obtained from the Council for Geoscience (CGS) were reduced to the pole, first vertical derivative and analytic signal maps were generated to delineate magnetic sources in the sediments. The magnetic anomalies showed lineaments and ring-shaped patterns that were interpreted to be due to Karoo dykes and sills, respectively. Some of these intrusions are mapped on the geological map and quite a number are not mapped as they are under sediment cover. The intrusions are important in groundwater exploration as they would have caused fracturing of surrounding formations causing increased secondary porosity and permeability. Further, they are groundwater localisers. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was carried out at 12 selected sites using the dipoledipole and Wenner-Schlumberger arrays, with a maximum cable length of 360 m was used with an approximate maximum depth of investigation of 70 m. Most of the sites’ inverted models show a low resistivity top layer of about 10 m thickness, which is inferred to be topsoil with moisture/water and or clayey content. A high resistivity second layer underneath the top layer, and is interpreted to be slightly weathered sandstone at its top grading into compact sandstones at the bottom of the investigation depth. Four site results show models with an intermediate layer between the top and bottom layers consisting of moderate resistivity values due to mudstones. Most of the models have vertical, narrow, low resistivity zones extending from the surface to the bottom layer, interpreted as fracturing. The top layer could be an unconfined aquifer during the wet months but is likely to dry up during the dry, hot months. The inferred fractures that extend deeper from the surface could be good groundwater targets to drill boreholes. Dolerite intrusions can act as natural groundwater barriers depending on their orientation hence such structures are the main targets when searching for groundwater. Vegetation cover observed on satellite images of remote sensing can be used along with other techniques to explore for groundwater. It is recommended that future ERT surveys should measure both electrical resistivity and induced polarization chargeability to discriminate between water and clay influence. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
The dynamics of household debt in South Africa
- Authors: Mabitle, Mope
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Debt , Finance, Personal
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21781 , vital:51751
- Description: Household debt as a proportion of South African household disposable income remain alarmingly above 70 percent. Impliedly, the majority of households are spending the bulk of their income on servicing debt. This not only puts a strain on household welfare but also on economic growth as household spending is the major contributor to economic activity in the country. Based on this background, the study examines the dynamics of the South African household debt. The analysis was done both at the macro and individual/household level (micro). The macro-level data covered the period from 1994 to 2018 utilizing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model. The empirical results indicated that there is both a long-term and short-term relationship between the variables of interest. The results further show that the majority of low-income households in South Africa borrow more, as a way to smoothen their consumption. Interest rate as the official instrument to counter borrowing was found to have a positive relationship with household debt, indicating that households borrow to settle the existing debt as interest rates increases. The dummy variable used to capture the credit regulations enactment/amendments was found to be insignificant in the long run. This suggests that credit regulations implemented in South Africa have not reduced the propensity to borrow. At a micro level, the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) data was used. Five waves of data were collected on the same individuals every 2 years. Panel regressions were employed in the analysis and the empirical results revealed that employment and income at the micro-level are found to be strong determinants of household debt. The results further showed that being a male and a white individual was positively associated with the likelihood of taking up more debt in general. On the other hand, the results indicated that being a black African is associated with a high likelihood of using services from most of the informal non-banking institutions. The results also revealed that the greater the education level of the head of the household, the higher the probability of taking more debt. One of the telltale signs of over-indebtedness is the persistence of debt, households respond to increased debt and their inability to repay it by increasing their borrowing. The study also investigated the transmission matrices of households in and out of debt. The results indicate a higher transition frequency in and out of debt on informal loans from the non-banking sector that is normally accessed by the poorer households, this could indicate debt entrapment and the persistence of debt at lower-income levels. Based on empirical results, the study recommended policies that would support consumption without necessarily increasing the credit appetite of household debt. Additional recommendations are those that support selective lending and the strengthening of the risk management of lending institutions. Furthermore, to combat the rising levels of household debt, several measures are proposed in the study. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
- Authors: Mabitle, Mope
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Debt , Finance, Personal
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21781 , vital:51751
- Description: Household debt as a proportion of South African household disposable income remain alarmingly above 70 percent. Impliedly, the majority of households are spending the bulk of their income on servicing debt. This not only puts a strain on household welfare but also on economic growth as household spending is the major contributor to economic activity in the country. Based on this background, the study examines the dynamics of the South African household debt. The analysis was done both at the macro and individual/household level (micro). The macro-level data covered the period from 1994 to 2018 utilizing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model. The empirical results indicated that there is both a long-term and short-term relationship between the variables of interest. The results further show that the majority of low-income households in South Africa borrow more, as a way to smoothen their consumption. Interest rate as the official instrument to counter borrowing was found to have a positive relationship with household debt, indicating that households borrow to settle the existing debt as interest rates increases. The dummy variable used to capture the credit regulations enactment/amendments was found to be insignificant in the long run. This suggests that credit regulations implemented in South Africa have not reduced the propensity to borrow. At a micro level, the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) data was used. Five waves of data were collected on the same individuals every 2 years. Panel regressions were employed in the analysis and the empirical results revealed that employment and income at the micro-level are found to be strong determinants of household debt. The results further showed that being a male and a white individual was positively associated with the likelihood of taking up more debt in general. On the other hand, the results indicated that being a black African is associated with a high likelihood of using services from most of the informal non-banking institutions. The results also revealed that the greater the education level of the head of the household, the higher the probability of taking more debt. One of the telltale signs of over-indebtedness is the persistence of debt, households respond to increased debt and their inability to repay it by increasing their borrowing. The study also investigated the transmission matrices of households in and out of debt. The results indicate a higher transition frequency in and out of debt on informal loans from the non-banking sector that is normally accessed by the poorer households, this could indicate debt entrapment and the persistence of debt at lower-income levels. Based on empirical results, the study recommended policies that would support consumption without necessarily increasing the credit appetite of household debt. Additional recommendations are those that support selective lending and the strengthening of the risk management of lending institutions. Furthermore, to combat the rising levels of household debt, several measures are proposed in the study. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
The impact of small-scale farming on food insecurity in rural South Africa over the period 2009 to 2018
- Otunola, Olabisi Benedicta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5615-1487
- Authors: Otunola, Olabisi Benedicta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5615-1487
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Sustainable Development Goals , Food supply
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21387 , vital:48517
- Description: The concept of food insecurity has evolved over the years. However, due to the increases in the rate of hunger and food insecurity in many countries of the world, this phenomenon has continued to give both government and private agencies a lot of concern. As it stands now, achieving food security in African countries remain a major task regardless of various efforts made by most of these countries to reduce food insecurity and the household’s welfare by extension. As a result of the importance of this discourse, the issue of food security is number 2 on the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In South Africa, the rate of household food insecurity is still observed to be high, especially in the rural households. One of the most talked about way of combating food insecurity is through household farming. But food insecurity is believed to have affected the household’s level of productivity despite their commitment to improved welfare situation in the country. Consequently, this study sought to assess the impact rural household farming has on food insecurity in South Africa between the year 2009 and 2018. Using the South African General household survey, information on the household socioeconomics and demographic features were retrieved, as well as variables that are believed to impact the rural household agribusiness. In determining this, frequency counts, percentages, the logistic regression model was used. Also, the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale-score (HFIAS-score), multinomial logistic regression as well as the propensity score matching (PSM) was used in achieving the objectives of this research and the data was analysed with Microsoft Excel and STATA version 15. The result of the analysis showed that, the mean age of the household head is 53.96, 55.92, 56.65 for the year 2010, 2014 and 2018 respectively. Adding to that, the range of the households’ size ranged from 1 to 20 in the year 2010, 1 to 46 in the year 2014 and 1 to 20 in the year 2018. From the inferential statistic result, the gender of the household head is significant (p<0.000, 0.011, and 0.006) in determining household participation in agricultural activities for the years under review. The results of the PSM, using different matching methods reveals that the average treatment effect (ATT) of the impact of agricultural participation ranges from -0.121, -0.174, -0.132, and -0.106 in 2015; and -0.076, -0.173, -0.073, and -0.086 in the year 2018. This study therefore recommends that household farming should be encouraged by both private and public agencies as they contribute significantly to reduction in food insecurity. The transportation services in the rural areas should be examined in order to avoid situations that will lead to the increase in cost of transporting agricultural goods and services among the rural inhabitants. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
- Authors: Otunola, Olabisi Benedicta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5615-1487
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Sustainable Development Goals , Food supply
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21387 , vital:48517
- Description: The concept of food insecurity has evolved over the years. However, due to the increases in the rate of hunger and food insecurity in many countries of the world, this phenomenon has continued to give both government and private agencies a lot of concern. As it stands now, achieving food security in African countries remain a major task regardless of various efforts made by most of these countries to reduce food insecurity and the household’s welfare by extension. As a result of the importance of this discourse, the issue of food security is number 2 on the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In South Africa, the rate of household food insecurity is still observed to be high, especially in the rural households. One of the most talked about way of combating food insecurity is through household farming. But food insecurity is believed to have affected the household’s level of productivity despite their commitment to improved welfare situation in the country. Consequently, this study sought to assess the impact rural household farming has on food insecurity in South Africa between the year 2009 and 2018. Using the South African General household survey, information on the household socioeconomics and demographic features were retrieved, as well as variables that are believed to impact the rural household agribusiness. In determining this, frequency counts, percentages, the logistic regression model was used. Also, the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale-score (HFIAS-score), multinomial logistic regression as well as the propensity score matching (PSM) was used in achieving the objectives of this research and the data was analysed with Microsoft Excel and STATA version 15. The result of the analysis showed that, the mean age of the household head is 53.96, 55.92, 56.65 for the year 2010, 2014 and 2018 respectively. Adding to that, the range of the households’ size ranged from 1 to 20 in the year 2010, 1 to 46 in the year 2014 and 1 to 20 in the year 2018. From the inferential statistic result, the gender of the household head is significant (p<0.000, 0.011, and 0.006) in determining household participation in agricultural activities for the years under review. The results of the PSM, using different matching methods reveals that the average treatment effect (ATT) of the impact of agricultural participation ranges from -0.121, -0.174, -0.132, and -0.106 in 2015; and -0.076, -0.173, -0.073, and -0.086 in the year 2018. This study therefore recommends that household farming should be encouraged by both private and public agencies as they contribute significantly to reduction in food insecurity. The transportation services in the rural areas should be examined in order to avoid situations that will lead to the increase in cost of transporting agricultural goods and services among the rural inhabitants. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
The obligation of unmarried biological parents to provide financial support for their children: a contemporary assessment from a children’s rights perspective
- Authors: Obi, Lauretta
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Children's rights , Support (Domestic relations)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22445 , vital:52322
- Description: In South Africa, the compelling task of unmarried biological parents to provide financial support (in the form of paying monthly maintenance) to their children, as a matter of children’s rights, is intended to ensure the children’s economic and psychological well-being both in the present and future. This study seeks, within the private judicial system and socio-economic context, to explore the nature of children’s rights as they pertain to parental financial support and, the responsibilities of unmarried parents to provide financial support for their biological children until they become self-supporting. This is significant as many unmarried parents usually downplay their responsibilities towards ensuring the well-being of their minor children. Section 28 of the South African Constitution of 1996 enshrines it as a duty of parents to fulfil this aspect of their children’s fundamental rights and our courts apply these rules to the letter. The task of providing support to children basically rests with their birth parents as the primary care givers, and in the absence of these parents or, due to their inability, this legal obligation falls on the state. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
- Authors: Obi, Lauretta
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Children's rights , Support (Domestic relations)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22445 , vital:52322
- Description: In South Africa, the compelling task of unmarried biological parents to provide financial support (in the form of paying monthly maintenance) to their children, as a matter of children’s rights, is intended to ensure the children’s economic and psychological well-being both in the present and future. This study seeks, within the private judicial system and socio-economic context, to explore the nature of children’s rights as they pertain to parental financial support and, the responsibilities of unmarried parents to provide financial support for their biological children until they become self-supporting. This is significant as many unmarried parents usually downplay their responsibilities towards ensuring the well-being of their minor children. Section 28 of the South African Constitution of 1996 enshrines it as a duty of parents to fulfil this aspect of their children’s fundamental rights and our courts apply these rules to the letter. The task of providing support to children basically rests with their birth parents as the primary care givers, and in the absence of these parents or, due to their inability, this legal obligation falls on the state. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
The School Governing Bodies conceptualization of ulwaluko in school-based policies: Towards a deconstructed educational leadership and management framework
- Gqeba, Nokuzola Gloria https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-9009-2150
- Authors: Gqeba, Nokuzola Gloria https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-9009-2150
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Initiation rites
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20057 , vital:45104
- Description: Ulwaluko (male initiation), one of the African traditions, which serves as transitional rite of passage from boyhood, has evolved over time, through the colonial era, apartheid regime and the current dispensation (Ntsebeza, 2004). Evidence indicates that within the South African context, the majority of candidates of Ulwaluko are males of school-going age. Ulwaluko is said to be a school where initiates are taught, yet there is no link between ulwaluko and formal schooling. Therefore, the study examines the extent to which School Governing Bodies (SGBs) conceptualize ulwaluko in the school-based policies. The study used theoretical lenses of Hall’s ‘Third Space’ or hybridity, as well as Decoloniality, qualitative approach, and a Case Study Design. For this study, two high schools were purposely sampled, with a total of twelve participants that included Principals, SGB Chairpersons, and SGB Educator Representatives, Representatives of Learners and Ordinary SGB members. In-depth interviews and document reviews were employed as research instruments. The findings of the study suggest that even though ulwaluko seemed to affect the management of the two schools, it was not explicitly addressed in their policies. Ulwaluko is reluctantly and cautiously addressed informally. Lastly, the schools were reportedly reluctant to open debates on how ulwaluko could be accommodated for fear of “contaminating” school protocols with the African culture, which they thought did not belong in schools. The study makes various suggestions to build a strong relationship between ulwaluko and formal school practices. One of the main recommendations is the integration of ulwaluko into the mainstream education system through school governance and school-based policy. The study also proposes a deconstructed leadership and management framework that places African cultural practices such as Ulwaluko into the mainstream of management and curriculum. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
- Authors: Gqeba, Nokuzola Gloria https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-9009-2150
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Initiation rites
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20057 , vital:45104
- Description: Ulwaluko (male initiation), one of the African traditions, which serves as transitional rite of passage from boyhood, has evolved over time, through the colonial era, apartheid regime and the current dispensation (Ntsebeza, 2004). Evidence indicates that within the South African context, the majority of candidates of Ulwaluko are males of school-going age. Ulwaluko is said to be a school where initiates are taught, yet there is no link between ulwaluko and formal schooling. Therefore, the study examines the extent to which School Governing Bodies (SGBs) conceptualize ulwaluko in the school-based policies. The study used theoretical lenses of Hall’s ‘Third Space’ or hybridity, as well as Decoloniality, qualitative approach, and a Case Study Design. For this study, two high schools were purposely sampled, with a total of twelve participants that included Principals, SGB Chairpersons, and SGB Educator Representatives, Representatives of Learners and Ordinary SGB members. In-depth interviews and document reviews were employed as research instruments. The findings of the study suggest that even though ulwaluko seemed to affect the management of the two schools, it was not explicitly addressed in their policies. Ulwaluko is reluctantly and cautiously addressed informally. Lastly, the schools were reportedly reluctant to open debates on how ulwaluko could be accommodated for fear of “contaminating” school protocols with the African culture, which they thought did not belong in schools. The study makes various suggestions to build a strong relationship between ulwaluko and formal school practices. One of the main recommendations is the integration of ulwaluko into the mainstream education system through school governance and school-based policy. The study also proposes a deconstructed leadership and management framework that places African cultural practices such as Ulwaluko into the mainstream of management and curriculum. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
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