A framework of the situational precursors for electronic medical records adoption in private medical practices in South Africa: the case of private medical practices in Qonce
- Gungqisa, Asiphe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5333-3058
- Authors: Gungqisa, Asiphe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5333-3058
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Medical records -- Data processing -- South Africa , Medical technology -- South Africa , Health care reform -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28750 , vital:74909
- Description: The status of the South African healthcare sector appears in perpetual disarray and lacks significant migration to technological adoption. The impetus to migrate to electronic medical records (EMRs) has become a necessity to prepare for the intended delivery of universal healthcare solutions to the South African population via private medical practices. But situational precursors need to be identified and considered when adopting an EMR solution at a private medical practice. This means that healthcare providers must have a thorough understanding and awareness of the various factors that influence the successful adoption of EMRs. There is limited research on the effects of EMR adoption in resourcerestricted regions in developing countries. To this end, the aim of this study was to explore the organisational, technological and environmental factors influencing the adoption of EMRs at private medical practices in a resource-restricted area of South Africa. The area identified for the study was Qonce in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Methods: The interpretivist perspective guided the study and included the qualitative data gathered from semistructured interviews with carefully chosen medical and administrative personnel. Seven virtual interviews were conducted with nurses and administrative clerks. The thematic analysis method was used to prompt codes and themes within the dataset, and then conclusions were drawn. Findings: The consequence of the findings resulted in the development of an artefact in the form of a proposed framework of situational precursors for EMR adoption in private medical practices derived from the integration of themes and recommendations of this study. The proposed framework may be considered in the decision to adopt EMRs and could be utilised as one of the key drivers in promoting technology adoption in resource-restricted regions. The framework is divided into seven situational precursors, which include patient records management, information sharing, change management, ICT infrastructure support, privacy and security needs, policy and regulatory considerations, and economic implications. Each situational precursor in the framework includes some topical areas of consideration, which can be expanded on dependent on the dynamics of the given private medical practice. Conclusion/implications: Arguably, the benefits of EMRs supersede those of paper-based records systems. Migration to EMRs could therefore be favourable to both the practice and its patients. By taking into consideration the organisational, technological and environmental factors that influence EMR adoption, healthcare providers could reap benefits, such as increased productivity, less waiting times, elimination of paper files, reduced costs, and improved clinical decision-making. Failure to consider these factors could lead to financial losses, threats to the confidentiality of information and lack of acceptance by the community. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Gungqisa, Asiphe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5333-3058
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Medical records -- Data processing -- South Africa , Medical technology -- South Africa , Health care reform -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28750 , vital:74909
- Description: The status of the South African healthcare sector appears in perpetual disarray and lacks significant migration to technological adoption. The impetus to migrate to electronic medical records (EMRs) has become a necessity to prepare for the intended delivery of universal healthcare solutions to the South African population via private medical practices. But situational precursors need to be identified and considered when adopting an EMR solution at a private medical practice. This means that healthcare providers must have a thorough understanding and awareness of the various factors that influence the successful adoption of EMRs. There is limited research on the effects of EMR adoption in resourcerestricted regions in developing countries. To this end, the aim of this study was to explore the organisational, technological and environmental factors influencing the adoption of EMRs at private medical practices in a resource-restricted area of South Africa. The area identified for the study was Qonce in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Methods: The interpretivist perspective guided the study and included the qualitative data gathered from semistructured interviews with carefully chosen medical and administrative personnel. Seven virtual interviews were conducted with nurses and administrative clerks. The thematic analysis method was used to prompt codes and themes within the dataset, and then conclusions were drawn. Findings: The consequence of the findings resulted in the development of an artefact in the form of a proposed framework of situational precursors for EMR adoption in private medical practices derived from the integration of themes and recommendations of this study. The proposed framework may be considered in the decision to adopt EMRs and could be utilised as one of the key drivers in promoting technology adoption in resource-restricted regions. The framework is divided into seven situational precursors, which include patient records management, information sharing, change management, ICT infrastructure support, privacy and security needs, policy and regulatory considerations, and economic implications. Each situational precursor in the framework includes some topical areas of consideration, which can be expanded on dependent on the dynamics of the given private medical practice. Conclusion/implications: Arguably, the benefits of EMRs supersede those of paper-based records systems. Migration to EMRs could therefore be favourable to both the practice and its patients. By taking into consideration the organisational, technological and environmental factors that influence EMR adoption, healthcare providers could reap benefits, such as increased productivity, less waiting times, elimination of paper files, reduced costs, and improved clinical decision-making. Failure to consider these factors could lead to financial losses, threats to the confidentiality of information and lack of acceptance by the community. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Catatonia a manifestation of serious mental Illness: prevalence, presentation, management, and outcomes in a mental health unit
- Authors: Zingela, Zukiswa
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Mental Health , Catatonia , Psychomotor disorders
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60400 , vital:64706
- Description: Catatonia is a psychomotor abnormality that may be caused by severe physical or mental illness or by substances. It has a wide-ranging prevalence from less than 10% to just over 60%, worldwide. This thesis investigated multiple aspects of catatonia in an acute mental health unit setting. Critical aspects examined include the psychological experience of catatonia and assessment, prevalence, presentation, management, and treatment outcomes of catatonia. The research design was a prospective descriptive triangulation study that used a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. The theoretical framework applied in this thesis was a positivist paradigm approach to explore the quantitative data collected, with application of deductive reasoning, supported by statistical analysis to detect correlations between catatonia and demographic and clinical data. The research explored the experience of a person with catatonia from the beginning to the end of the catatonic episode, inclusive of neglected areas such as the patient’s psychological and experiences. Sources of information included participant reports, clinical notes, and assessments conducted using screening tools for catatonia. Key knowledge gaps on catatonia were identified as target areas for this thesis. These are the prevalence of catatonia in a South African setting; the use of assessment tools like the Bush Francis Catatonia Screening Instrument (BFCSI), the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS), and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (5th Edition; DSM-5) in this setting; interventions for catatonia; treatment outcomes; and the subjective experiences of catatonia, as described by patients. To date, there have been five publications produced from this thesis. The first paper was on the protocol for the research and was published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) Open and presented the literature review, research design, and methodology for the planned Abstract ii research on catatonia (which has ultimately been presented in this current thesis). This paper also identified the aforementioned critical knowledge gaps. The second paper was published in the Biomedicine Central (BMC) International Journal of Mental Health Systems. This paper described a 6-month prevalence rate of catatonia of 11.9%, and concluded that the BFCSI and BFCRS had the highest inter-rater reliability (IRR) and pick-up rate when screening for catatonia, while the DMS-5 had low IRR, and the lowest correlation with the BFCSI and BFCRS. The 12-month prevalence rate was found to be 18.3% and was described in the third paper which was published in the PLOS One Psychiatry. Both lorazepam and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were found to be the most widely used treatment at the study site, with good response rates and outcomes. The results were published in the 4th paper in SAGE Open. The fifth paper was on the subjective and psychological experience and published in the BMC Psychology journal. It described the psychological and subjective experience of catatonia as narrated by participants which is characterised by intense experiences of fear, anxiety, and sadness that manifested as extreme withdrawal, combined with obedience or submission. This research has yielded new knowledge with potential applications at a regional, national, and global level. New knowledge yielded includes the need for screening of patients for catatonia across all acute settings, the need for training of both medical and nursing personnel in the assessment of catatonia, the effectiveness of screening and assessment tools, effective interventions for catatonia and outcomes. The descriptions of catatonia at an emotional, cognitive, and behavioural level also highlight the need to develop psychological strategies and targeted psychological interventions to complement the current management strategies. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Zingela, Zukiswa
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Mental Health , Catatonia , Psychomotor disorders
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60400 , vital:64706
- Description: Catatonia is a psychomotor abnormality that may be caused by severe physical or mental illness or by substances. It has a wide-ranging prevalence from less than 10% to just over 60%, worldwide. This thesis investigated multiple aspects of catatonia in an acute mental health unit setting. Critical aspects examined include the psychological experience of catatonia and assessment, prevalence, presentation, management, and treatment outcomes of catatonia. The research design was a prospective descriptive triangulation study that used a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. The theoretical framework applied in this thesis was a positivist paradigm approach to explore the quantitative data collected, with application of deductive reasoning, supported by statistical analysis to detect correlations between catatonia and demographic and clinical data. The research explored the experience of a person with catatonia from the beginning to the end of the catatonic episode, inclusive of neglected areas such as the patient’s psychological and experiences. Sources of information included participant reports, clinical notes, and assessments conducted using screening tools for catatonia. Key knowledge gaps on catatonia were identified as target areas for this thesis. These are the prevalence of catatonia in a South African setting; the use of assessment tools like the Bush Francis Catatonia Screening Instrument (BFCSI), the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS), and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (5th Edition; DSM-5) in this setting; interventions for catatonia; treatment outcomes; and the subjective experiences of catatonia, as described by patients. To date, there have been five publications produced from this thesis. The first paper was on the protocol for the research and was published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) Open and presented the literature review, research design, and methodology for the planned Abstract ii research on catatonia (which has ultimately been presented in this current thesis). This paper also identified the aforementioned critical knowledge gaps. The second paper was published in the Biomedicine Central (BMC) International Journal of Mental Health Systems. This paper described a 6-month prevalence rate of catatonia of 11.9%, and concluded that the BFCSI and BFCRS had the highest inter-rater reliability (IRR) and pick-up rate when screening for catatonia, while the DMS-5 had low IRR, and the lowest correlation with the BFCSI and BFCRS. The 12-month prevalence rate was found to be 18.3% and was described in the third paper which was published in the PLOS One Psychiatry. Both lorazepam and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were found to be the most widely used treatment at the study site, with good response rates and outcomes. The results were published in the 4th paper in SAGE Open. The fifth paper was on the subjective and psychological experience and published in the BMC Psychology journal. It described the psychological and subjective experience of catatonia as narrated by participants which is characterised by intense experiences of fear, anxiety, and sadness that manifested as extreme withdrawal, combined with obedience or submission. This research has yielded new knowledge with potential applications at a regional, national, and global level. New knowledge yielded includes the need for screening of patients for catatonia across all acute settings, the need for training of both medical and nursing personnel in the assessment of catatonia, the effectiveness of screening and assessment tools, effective interventions for catatonia and outcomes. The descriptions of catatonia at an emotional, cognitive, and behavioural level also highlight the need to develop psychological strategies and targeted psychological interventions to complement the current management strategies. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Colistin utilisation and clinical outcomes at a public hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Matshediso, Gaalebale Prudence
- Authors: Matshediso, Gaalebale Prudence
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Gram-negative bacteria , Hospital patients
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26929 , vital:66172
- Description: Background Colistin is an antibiotic used as the last resort in the treatment of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Its use started in the 1950s but was decreased in the 1980s owing to its nephrotoxic side effects. The re-emergence of Colistin utilisation in 2012 in South Africa followed the emergence of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. There is a dearth of information on the rationale use of Colistin in South Africa. Aim To describe the use of Colistin and its clinical outcomes at a tertiary hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Methodology A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Bloemfontein between 2015 and 2019. Relevant data was extracted from the medical records of patients treated with Colistin. Stratified random sampling was used in selecting 50percent of the eligible medical records of patients treated with Colistin per stratum. Data was analysed using simple descriptive and inferential statistics. Results Of the total sample (N=69), the majority were neonates (43.5percent), while children constituted the lowest number of patients (18.8percent). The highest contributor to the top diagnosis, septicaemia, were neonates (44.2percent). Adherence to policy and Colistin treatment guidelines was suboptimal, more so in neonates (45.3percent) than in adults (73.7percent) and children (72.3percent). Colistin was used as a last resort in 68.1percent of the participants. Cure was achieved in 26.9percent, 46.2percent and 80percent of adults, children and neonates, respectively. The highest rate of nephrotoxicity was seen in adults (57.7percent). In the multivariate logistic regression model analysis, both adults [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=25.54, 95percent confidence interval (CI) 2.73-238.65] and children (AOR=8.56, 95percentCI 1.06 – 69.10) had a higher risk of death than neonates. However, there was no significant difference in the odds for mortality by gender, co-morbidities, illness duration prior to admission and adherence to treatmen Conclusions This study found a suboptimal level of compliance with policy and recommended guidelines on the use of Colistin in a South African public sector tertiary hospital. In addition, there were variations in the level of compliance by age categories, with lower levels of compliance in neonates than in children and adults. The odds for mortality by gender, co-morbidities, illness duration prior to admission and adherence to treatment guidelines and policies were found to be insignificant, and age was the only predictor of mortality found in the study. The findings of the study highlight the need for improved clinical governance on antibiotic stewardship and monitoring of use of Colistin across all categories of patients in the hospital. Future studies should examine the contributing factors for suboptimal compliance, with evidence-based recommendations on the use of Colistin in the study setting as well as factors contributing to high mortality in adults. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Matshediso, Gaalebale Prudence
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Gram-negative bacteria , Hospital patients
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26929 , vital:66172
- Description: Background Colistin is an antibiotic used as the last resort in the treatment of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Its use started in the 1950s but was decreased in the 1980s owing to its nephrotoxic side effects. The re-emergence of Colistin utilisation in 2012 in South Africa followed the emergence of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. There is a dearth of information on the rationale use of Colistin in South Africa. Aim To describe the use of Colistin and its clinical outcomes at a tertiary hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Methodology A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Bloemfontein between 2015 and 2019. Relevant data was extracted from the medical records of patients treated with Colistin. Stratified random sampling was used in selecting 50percent of the eligible medical records of patients treated with Colistin per stratum. Data was analysed using simple descriptive and inferential statistics. Results Of the total sample (N=69), the majority were neonates (43.5percent), while children constituted the lowest number of patients (18.8percent). The highest contributor to the top diagnosis, septicaemia, were neonates (44.2percent). Adherence to policy and Colistin treatment guidelines was suboptimal, more so in neonates (45.3percent) than in adults (73.7percent) and children (72.3percent). Colistin was used as a last resort in 68.1percent of the participants. Cure was achieved in 26.9percent, 46.2percent and 80percent of adults, children and neonates, respectively. The highest rate of nephrotoxicity was seen in adults (57.7percent). In the multivariate logistic regression model analysis, both adults [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=25.54, 95percent confidence interval (CI) 2.73-238.65] and children (AOR=8.56, 95percentCI 1.06 – 69.10) had a higher risk of death than neonates. However, there was no significant difference in the odds for mortality by gender, co-morbidities, illness duration prior to admission and adherence to treatmen Conclusions This study found a suboptimal level of compliance with policy and recommended guidelines on the use of Colistin in a South African public sector tertiary hospital. In addition, there were variations in the level of compliance by age categories, with lower levels of compliance in neonates than in children and adults. The odds for mortality by gender, co-morbidities, illness duration prior to admission and adherence to treatment guidelines and policies were found to be insignificant, and age was the only predictor of mortality found in the study. The findings of the study highlight the need for improved clinical governance on antibiotic stewardship and monitoring of use of Colistin across all categories of patients in the hospital. Future studies should examine the contributing factors for suboptimal compliance, with evidence-based recommendations on the use of Colistin in the study setting as well as factors contributing to high mortality in adults. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Implementation of constitutional values and principles in Cecelia Makiwane Hospital in the Eastern Cape Province
- Sigcau, Aviwe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7409-8544
- Authors: Sigcau, Aviwe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7409-8544
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Hospitals--Administration , Health services administration--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master'stheses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23460 , vital:57736
- Description: This study aims to assess the implementation of the constitutional values and principles at Cecilia Makiwane Hospital: promoting professional ethics, efficient, effective, and economical use of resources, fairness, transparency, response to the people’s needs, and good human resources. The Constitutional values and principles champion democratic service in South Africa. It also encourages good governance through hospital employees implementing the Constitutional values and principles. The literature review reveals that there is a gap in the Implementation of the Constitutional values and principles in the hospitals due to the following challenges: many patients are still experiencing violations of their constitutional rights, shortages of drugs in hospitals, lack of equipment, poor infrastructure, corruption, freezing of posts, understaffing. The objectives of the study were: to assess the leadership values at Cecilia Makiwane hospital and determine their alignment with section 195 of the Constitution, to determine the implementation of the constitutional values and principles enshrined in chapter 10 of the Constitution, to examine the working conditions of the hospital, to evaluate the service quality at Cecilia Makiwane hospital., and to recommend measures and strategies that can be implemented to promote efficiency, effectiveness and economical use of resources at Cecilia Makiwane hospital. The study found that the implementation of the constitutional values and principles at Cecilia Makiwane hospital is not satisfactory. The findings show unethical leadership practices, and they put their interests first above the public needs. Regarding good human resources practices, the staff lacks career growth development programs, while promotion opportunities are influenced by nepotism and favouritism. The study recommends that for the hospital to be aligned to the constitutional values and principles, they need to provide training and workshops on the Public Service Code of Conduct, employ social theory for both management and staff, adopt communication strategies and teamwork, improve service impartiality, equity, effective time management performances, collaborative teamwork, accountability, and transparency. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Sigcau, Aviwe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7409-8544
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Hospitals--Administration , Health services administration--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master'stheses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23460 , vital:57736
- Description: This study aims to assess the implementation of the constitutional values and principles at Cecilia Makiwane Hospital: promoting professional ethics, efficient, effective, and economical use of resources, fairness, transparency, response to the people’s needs, and good human resources. The Constitutional values and principles champion democratic service in South Africa. It also encourages good governance through hospital employees implementing the Constitutional values and principles. The literature review reveals that there is a gap in the Implementation of the Constitutional values and principles in the hospitals due to the following challenges: many patients are still experiencing violations of their constitutional rights, shortages of drugs in hospitals, lack of equipment, poor infrastructure, corruption, freezing of posts, understaffing. The objectives of the study were: to assess the leadership values at Cecilia Makiwane hospital and determine their alignment with section 195 of the Constitution, to determine the implementation of the constitutional values and principles enshrined in chapter 10 of the Constitution, to examine the working conditions of the hospital, to evaluate the service quality at Cecilia Makiwane hospital., and to recommend measures and strategies that can be implemented to promote efficiency, effectiveness and economical use of resources at Cecilia Makiwane hospital. The study found that the implementation of the constitutional values and principles at Cecilia Makiwane hospital is not satisfactory. The findings show unethical leadership practices, and they put their interests first above the public needs. Regarding good human resources practices, the staff lacks career growth development programs, while promotion opportunities are influenced by nepotism and favouritism. The study recommends that for the hospital to be aligned to the constitutional values and principles, they need to provide training and workshops on the Public Service Code of Conduct, employ social theory for both management and staff, adopt communication strategies and teamwork, improve service impartiality, equity, effective time management performances, collaborative teamwork, accountability, and transparency. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Infant feeding knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers in private health facilities in Alice town, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Oyeniran, Aderonke Adepeju
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Breastfeeding
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23556 , vital:58132
- Description: Background and aim of the study: Within the global field of health education, it is generally accepted that the topic of breast-feeding is a crucial discussion due to its maternal, infant, and communal benefits. However, certain African countries, such as South Africa, experience certain challenges related to both predictive factors and maternal attitudes to breast-feeding. To improve public awareness and promote the implementation of breast-feeding, these factors should be investigated to highlight the importance of this practice among young mothers. Method: The study utilised a cross-sectional survey by means of a self-administered questionnaire, which was completed by the carefully chosen participants. The collected data were then analysed using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) (frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (logistic regression). The level of significance for the inferential statistics was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 377 infant mothers participated in the study with median age of 30. Most infant mothers that participated in the study were well educated with infant mother 189 having a bachelor’s degree. The findings revealed that mothers of 40 years above are 1.51 times more likely not to breastfeed exclusively compared to mothers of less than 40 years of age (95percent CI, 0.75-2.25). The odds ratio of the incidence of decision in breastfeeding for participants with breastfeeding and formula milk was 1.66 (95percent CI, 0.87-2.53). In term of family support, mothers who don’t receive family support were 3.43 times more likely no to breastfeed. The result also revealed that mothers with breast pain were 0.98 more likely not to breastfeed. Conclusion: This study concludes that infant mothers are well informed about breastfeeding. This study also revealed that factors such as infant mothers’ knowledge about breastfeeding, medical health of both mother and infant and cultural norms can go a long way in influencing the decision of mothers to breastfeeding their infant or not. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Oyeniran, Aderonke Adepeju
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Breastfeeding
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23556 , vital:58132
- Description: Background and aim of the study: Within the global field of health education, it is generally accepted that the topic of breast-feeding is a crucial discussion due to its maternal, infant, and communal benefits. However, certain African countries, such as South Africa, experience certain challenges related to both predictive factors and maternal attitudes to breast-feeding. To improve public awareness and promote the implementation of breast-feeding, these factors should be investigated to highlight the importance of this practice among young mothers. Method: The study utilised a cross-sectional survey by means of a self-administered questionnaire, which was completed by the carefully chosen participants. The collected data were then analysed using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) (frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (logistic regression). The level of significance for the inferential statistics was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 377 infant mothers participated in the study with median age of 30. Most infant mothers that participated in the study were well educated with infant mother 189 having a bachelor’s degree. The findings revealed that mothers of 40 years above are 1.51 times more likely not to breastfeed exclusively compared to mothers of less than 40 years of age (95percent CI, 0.75-2.25). The odds ratio of the incidence of decision in breastfeeding for participants with breastfeeding and formula milk was 1.66 (95percent CI, 0.87-2.53). In term of family support, mothers who don’t receive family support were 3.43 times more likely no to breastfeed. The result also revealed that mothers with breast pain were 0.98 more likely not to breastfeed. Conclusion: This study concludes that infant mothers are well informed about breastfeeding. This study also revealed that factors such as infant mothers’ knowledge about breastfeeding, medical health of both mother and infant and cultural norms can go a long way in influencing the decision of mothers to breastfeeding their infant or not. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Infant feeding knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers in private health facilities in Alice Town, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Oyeniran, Aderonke Adepeju
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Infants -- Nutrition , Baby foods , Breastfeeding
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27139 , vital:66315
- Description: Background and aim of the study: Within the global field of health education, it is generally accepted that the topic of breast-feeding is a crucial discussion due to its maternal, infant, and communal benefits. However, certain African countries, such as South Africa, experience certain challenges related to both predictive factors and maternal attitudes to breast-feeding. To improve public awareness and promote the implementation of breast-feeding, these factors should be investigated to highlight the importance of this practice among young mothers. Method: The study utilised a cross-sectional survey by means of a self-administered questionnaire, which was completed by the carefully chosen participants. The collected data were then analysed using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) (frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (logistic regression). The level of significance for the inferential statistics was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 377 infant mothers participated in the study with median age of 30. Most infant mothers that participated in the study were well educated with infant mother 189 having a bachelor’s degree. The findings revealed that mothers of 40 years above are 1.51 times more likely not to breastfeed exclusively compared to mothers of less than 40 years of age (95percent CI, 0.75-2.25). The odds ratio of the incidence of decision in breastfeeding for participants with breastfeeding and formula milk was 1.66 (95percent CI, 0.87-2.53). In term of family support, mothers who don’t receive family support were 3.43 times more likely no to breastfeed. The result also revealed that mothers with breast pain were 0.98 more likely not to breastfeed. Conclusion: This study concludes that infant mothers are well informed about breastfeeding. This study also revealed that factors such as infant mothers’ knowledge about breastfeeding, medical health of both mother and infant and cultural norms can go a long way in influencing the decision of mothers to breastfeeding their infant or not. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Oyeniran, Aderonke Adepeju
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Infants -- Nutrition , Baby foods , Breastfeeding
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27139 , vital:66315
- Description: Background and aim of the study: Within the global field of health education, it is generally accepted that the topic of breast-feeding is a crucial discussion due to its maternal, infant, and communal benefits. However, certain African countries, such as South Africa, experience certain challenges related to both predictive factors and maternal attitudes to breast-feeding. To improve public awareness and promote the implementation of breast-feeding, these factors should be investigated to highlight the importance of this practice among young mothers. Method: The study utilised a cross-sectional survey by means of a self-administered questionnaire, which was completed by the carefully chosen participants. The collected data were then analysed using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) (frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (logistic regression). The level of significance for the inferential statistics was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 377 infant mothers participated in the study with median age of 30. Most infant mothers that participated in the study were well educated with infant mother 189 having a bachelor’s degree. The findings revealed that mothers of 40 years above are 1.51 times more likely not to breastfeed exclusively compared to mothers of less than 40 years of age (95percent CI, 0.75-2.25). The odds ratio of the incidence of decision in breastfeeding for participants with breastfeeding and formula milk was 1.66 (95percent CI, 0.87-2.53). In term of family support, mothers who don’t receive family support were 3.43 times more likely no to breastfeed. The result also revealed that mothers with breast pain were 0.98 more likely not to breastfeed. Conclusion: This study concludes that infant mothers are well informed about breastfeeding. This study also revealed that factors such as infant mothers’ knowledge about breastfeeding, medical health of both mother and infant and cultural norms can go a long way in influencing the decision of mothers to breastfeeding their infant or not. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Investigation of risky sexual behaviour amongst HIV/AIDS positive individuals on antiretroviral treatment in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Pere, Mzukisi Ernest
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Sexual behaviour -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth Sexual behaviour
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23578 , vital:58190
- Description: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the major public health concerns. Antiretroviral treatments (ART) is available immediately for HIV-positive individuals but sexually transmitted infections are on the rise. The majority of HIV positive patients on ART are engaging in unsafe sexual practices. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate risky sexual behaviour of people on antiretroviral treatment regarding prevention. The study was conducted on adult clients in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted whereby 304 patients who visited Nontyatyambo Health Centre were randomly selected. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24. Simple descriptive statistics such as numbers, percentages and tables were used to characterise variables. A chi-square test was used to explore associations between dependent and independent variables. Test significance, confidence intervals and p-values of all the causes and contributory factors were set at 0.05. Results: Thirty two percent reported having sex with multiple sexual partners while 19percent reported never using a condom. Forty eight percent reported having had sexually transmitted infections since starting on ART. The median age (36 years (IQR: 31, 45) vs. 35 years (IQR: 26, 40)) of those who reported STIs was higher than the median age of those who did not report STI (p=0.012). Males (57percent, p=0.049), those who were employed (55percent, p=0.048), and those who were cohabitating (68percent, 0.030) were more likely to report STI. Similarly, those who had unprotected sex with a casual partner (62percent, p<0.001), and those who did not use a condom because a partner did not like it (71percent, p=0.001) were more likely to report STIs. A significant number of 32percent of the participants reported engaging in risky sexual practices while 48percent had reported an STI. Recommendations include educational outreach programmes and capacitation of health care workers with appropriate skills and tools. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Pere, Mzukisi Ernest
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Sexual behaviour -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth Sexual behaviour
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23578 , vital:58190
- Description: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the major public health concerns. Antiretroviral treatments (ART) is available immediately for HIV-positive individuals but sexually transmitted infections are on the rise. The majority of HIV positive patients on ART are engaging in unsafe sexual practices. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate risky sexual behaviour of people on antiretroviral treatment regarding prevention. The study was conducted on adult clients in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted whereby 304 patients who visited Nontyatyambo Health Centre were randomly selected. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24. Simple descriptive statistics such as numbers, percentages and tables were used to characterise variables. A chi-square test was used to explore associations between dependent and independent variables. Test significance, confidence intervals and p-values of all the causes and contributory factors were set at 0.05. Results: Thirty two percent reported having sex with multiple sexual partners while 19percent reported never using a condom. Forty eight percent reported having had sexually transmitted infections since starting on ART. The median age (36 years (IQR: 31, 45) vs. 35 years (IQR: 26, 40)) of those who reported STIs was higher than the median age of those who did not report STI (p=0.012). Males (57percent, p=0.049), those who were employed (55percent, p=0.048), and those who were cohabitating (68percent, 0.030) were more likely to report STI. Similarly, those who had unprotected sex with a casual partner (62percent, p<0.001), and those who did not use a condom because a partner did not like it (71percent, p=0.001) were more likely to report STIs. A significant number of 32percent of the participants reported engaging in risky sexual practices while 48percent had reported an STI. Recommendations include educational outreach programmes and capacitation of health care workers with appropriate skills and tools. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Investigation of risky sexual behaviour amongst HIV/AIDS positive individuals on antiretroviral treatment in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Pere, Mzukisi Ernest
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: HIV-positive persons , Sexually transmitted diseases , AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27198 , vital:66395
- Description: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the major public health concerns. Antiretroviral treatments (ART) is available immediately for HIV-positive individuals but sexually transmitted infections are on the rise. The majority of HIV positive patients on ART are engaging in unsafe sexual practices. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate risky sexual behaviour of people on antiretroviral treatment regarding prevention. The study was conducted on adult clients in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted whereby 304 patients who visited Nontyatyambo Health Centre were randomly selected. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24. Simple descriptive statistics such as numbers, percentages and tables were used to characterise variables. A chi-square test was used to explore associations between dependent and independent variables. Test significance, confidence intervals and p-values of all the causes and contributory factors were set at 0.05. Results: Thirty two percent reported having sex with multiple sexual partners while 19percent reported never using a condom. Forty eight percent reported having had sexually transmitted infections since starting on ART. The median age (36 years (IQR: 31, 45) vs. 35 years (IQR: 26, 40)) of those who reported STIs was higher than the median age of those who did not report STI (p=0.012). Males (57percent, p=0.049), those who were employed (55percent, p=0.048), and those who were cohabitating (68percent, 0.030) were more likely to report STI. Similarly, those who had unprotected sex with a casual partner (62percent, p<0.001), and those who did not use a condom because a partner did not like it (71percent, p=0.001) were more likely to report STIs. A significant number of 32percent of the participants reported engaging in risky sexual practices while 48percent had reported an STI. Recommendations include educational outreach programmes and capacitation of health care workers with appropriate skills and tools. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Pere, Mzukisi Ernest
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: HIV-positive persons , Sexually transmitted diseases , AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27198 , vital:66395
- Description: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the major public health concerns. Antiretroviral treatments (ART) is available immediately for HIV-positive individuals but sexually transmitted infections are on the rise. The majority of HIV positive patients on ART are engaging in unsafe sexual practices. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate risky sexual behaviour of people on antiretroviral treatment regarding prevention. The study was conducted on adult clients in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted whereby 304 patients who visited Nontyatyambo Health Centre were randomly selected. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24. Simple descriptive statistics such as numbers, percentages and tables were used to characterise variables. A chi-square test was used to explore associations between dependent and independent variables. Test significance, confidence intervals and p-values of all the causes and contributory factors were set at 0.05. Results: Thirty two percent reported having sex with multiple sexual partners while 19percent reported never using a condom. Forty eight percent reported having had sexually transmitted infections since starting on ART. The median age (36 years (IQR: 31, 45) vs. 35 years (IQR: 26, 40)) of those who reported STIs was higher than the median age of those who did not report STI (p=0.012). Males (57percent, p=0.049), those who were employed (55percent, p=0.048), and those who were cohabitating (68percent, 0.030) were more likely to report STI. Similarly, those who had unprotected sex with a casual partner (62percent, p<0.001), and those who did not use a condom because a partner did not like it (71percent, p=0.001) were more likely to report STIs. A significant number of 32percent of the participants reported engaging in risky sexual practices while 48percent had reported an STI. Recommendations include educational outreach programmes and capacitation of health care workers with appropriate skills and tools. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Knowledge, attitude and perception of uninitiated adolescents towards customary male initiation practices in selected schools in Buffalo City Municipality, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Igaba, Nelson Kibiribiri
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Circumcision , HIV infections -- Prevention , Initiation rites
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26896 , vital:66061
- Description: Background: Based on evidence that Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) significantly reduces the risk of human immunodeficiency virus- HIV transmission by 60percent, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends implementing VMMC programs in countries with a high HIV prevalence, considering the unique sociocultural and economic dynamics of each setting. However, in South Africa (SA), multiple tribes including the AmaXhosa in the Eastern Cape (EC) province practice Customary Male Initiation (CMI) also known as Ulwaluko as a rite of passage of males from boyhood to manhood, and this involves circumcision. In recent years, this practice has been riddled with deaths of initiates, admissions to hospital, amputation of penis, assaults, drug and alcohol, and crime. Hence, this study aimed at understanding the knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of uninitiated adolescents towards the CMI practice in Buffalo City Municipality (BCM), EC to aid in developing strategies to solve current challenges. Methods: Between June and December 2021, this cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in selected schools within BCM, in the EC, using a quantitative research approach. The study population included adolescent males aged 15 to 19 years who had not attended CMI. Applying a multistage random sampling technique, three (3)BCM towns (Bhisho, King William Town-KWT and East London-EL) and the Mdantsane township (MT) were selected and further the schools from which consenting pupils were enrolled into the study. Data was collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire which was captured on excel and analysed using STATA version 16.1. Categorical variables were summarized using percentages. Bivariate and multivariate regression was used to determine factors associated with a level of knowledge, attitude, and perception towards CMI and VMMC. The odds ratio with a 95percent confidence interval was calculated. A p–value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 297 participants that responded 251 (84.51percent) were between the ages of 15-19 years and had not undergone circumcision or CMI. These were included in this analysis. Majority of participants 181 (72.11percent, 95percent CI 66.21-77.33) lacked knowledge on whether circumcision reduces risk of HIV acquisition. More than three quarters of participants 195 (77.69percent, 95percent CI 72.09-83.87) showed absence of knowledge on whether circumcision reduces risk of STIs. Close to all participants 244 (97.21percent, 95percent CI 94.25-98.67) indicated that they would choose CMI over VMMC due to cultural reason. More than three quarters of participants 193 (76.89percent, 95percent CI 71.24-81.72) agreed that CMI/Ulwaluko proves manhood. The presence of knowledge on the benefits of VMMC was positively dependent on the location where a participants lived (uOR 2.32, 95percent CI 1.09-4.97, p-value 0.029) and access to internet more than once a week (uOR 3.44, 95percent CI 1.14-10.43, p-value 0.029. The choice for CMI over VMMC was positively associated with participants living in Mdantsane Township than those living in urban areas (Coef. 1.55, 95percent CI 0.77-2.33, p-value 0.001). Conclusion: This study found lack of knowledge on benefits of VMMC, laws governing and on risks associated with CMI/Ulwaluko practices among uninitiated adolescents. The study further found that CMI/Ulwaluko was still highly regarded despite current challenges and most adolescents would choose CMI/Ulwaluko over VMMC. There is urgent need to integrate VMMC services into CMI/Ulwaluko to include health education on benefits of VMMC, infection prevention and control, male circumcision by trained medical personnel and education on laws governing CMI/Ulwaluko. These interventions should also target uninitiated adolescents. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Igaba, Nelson Kibiribiri
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Circumcision , HIV infections -- Prevention , Initiation rites
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26896 , vital:66061
- Description: Background: Based on evidence that Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) significantly reduces the risk of human immunodeficiency virus- HIV transmission by 60percent, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends implementing VMMC programs in countries with a high HIV prevalence, considering the unique sociocultural and economic dynamics of each setting. However, in South Africa (SA), multiple tribes including the AmaXhosa in the Eastern Cape (EC) province practice Customary Male Initiation (CMI) also known as Ulwaluko as a rite of passage of males from boyhood to manhood, and this involves circumcision. In recent years, this practice has been riddled with deaths of initiates, admissions to hospital, amputation of penis, assaults, drug and alcohol, and crime. Hence, this study aimed at understanding the knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of uninitiated adolescents towards the CMI practice in Buffalo City Municipality (BCM), EC to aid in developing strategies to solve current challenges. Methods: Between June and December 2021, this cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in selected schools within BCM, in the EC, using a quantitative research approach. The study population included adolescent males aged 15 to 19 years who had not attended CMI. Applying a multistage random sampling technique, three (3)BCM towns (Bhisho, King William Town-KWT and East London-EL) and the Mdantsane township (MT) were selected and further the schools from which consenting pupils were enrolled into the study. Data was collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire which was captured on excel and analysed using STATA version 16.1. Categorical variables were summarized using percentages. Bivariate and multivariate regression was used to determine factors associated with a level of knowledge, attitude, and perception towards CMI and VMMC. The odds ratio with a 95percent confidence interval was calculated. A p–value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 297 participants that responded 251 (84.51percent) were between the ages of 15-19 years and had not undergone circumcision or CMI. These were included in this analysis. Majority of participants 181 (72.11percent, 95percent CI 66.21-77.33) lacked knowledge on whether circumcision reduces risk of HIV acquisition. More than three quarters of participants 195 (77.69percent, 95percent CI 72.09-83.87) showed absence of knowledge on whether circumcision reduces risk of STIs. Close to all participants 244 (97.21percent, 95percent CI 94.25-98.67) indicated that they would choose CMI over VMMC due to cultural reason. More than three quarters of participants 193 (76.89percent, 95percent CI 71.24-81.72) agreed that CMI/Ulwaluko proves manhood. The presence of knowledge on the benefits of VMMC was positively dependent on the location where a participants lived (uOR 2.32, 95percent CI 1.09-4.97, p-value 0.029) and access to internet more than once a week (uOR 3.44, 95percent CI 1.14-10.43, p-value 0.029. The choice for CMI over VMMC was positively associated with participants living in Mdantsane Township than those living in urban areas (Coef. 1.55, 95percent CI 0.77-2.33, p-value 0.001). Conclusion: This study found lack of knowledge on benefits of VMMC, laws governing and on risks associated with CMI/Ulwaluko practices among uninitiated adolescents. The study further found that CMI/Ulwaluko was still highly regarded despite current challenges and most adolescents would choose CMI/Ulwaluko over VMMC. There is urgent need to integrate VMMC services into CMI/Ulwaluko to include health education on benefits of VMMC, infection prevention and control, male circumcision by trained medical personnel and education on laws governing CMI/Ulwaluko. These interventions should also target uninitiated adolescents. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Normative Indicators for the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration on clinically unimpaired isiXhosa speaking adults with disadvantaged education
- Authors: Kili, Ziphozakhe
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Grahamstown (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27569 , vital:69316
- Description: This study aimed to develop normative indicators for the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery VMI) for Xhosa speaking adults in the Eastern Cape with a grade 11 or 12 qualification from a previously disadvantaged educational background. Method: the sample size was 40 participants between the ages of 19 to 40 years old. The study used participants that had no cognitive impairments. This study used independent t-test analysis to compare test performance between the following categories: urban versus rural, males versus females, age group 19-29 versus 30-40. The Kruskall Wallis test was used to establish whether classroom size would have an impact on test performance. Results: This study revealed that there was a no statistical difference in performance between urban and rural participants, males and females, and classroom size. There was no statistical significance between the age categories 19-29 versus 30-40 on the visual perception and motor coordination supplementary tests. However, there was a statistical significance noted, between the age categories on the visual-motor integration test performance. Conclusions: it was concluded that the Beery VMI can be used with more confidence when assessing the Xhosa speaking population from disadvantaged educational backgrounds. The norms in this study cannot be generalized to other ethnic groups or populations. It was further recommended that more studies like this take place, and more norms are created for the South Africans using the Beery VMI. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Kili, Ziphozakhe
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Grahamstown (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27569 , vital:69316
- Description: This study aimed to develop normative indicators for the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery VMI) for Xhosa speaking adults in the Eastern Cape with a grade 11 or 12 qualification from a previously disadvantaged educational background. Method: the sample size was 40 participants between the ages of 19 to 40 years old. The study used participants that had no cognitive impairments. This study used independent t-test analysis to compare test performance between the following categories: urban versus rural, males versus females, age group 19-29 versus 30-40. The Kruskall Wallis test was used to establish whether classroom size would have an impact on test performance. Results: This study revealed that there was a no statistical difference in performance between urban and rural participants, males and females, and classroom size. There was no statistical significance between the age categories 19-29 versus 30-40 on the visual perception and motor coordination supplementary tests. However, there was a statistical significance noted, between the age categories on the visual-motor integration test performance. Conclusions: it was concluded that the Beery VMI can be used with more confidence when assessing the Xhosa speaking population from disadvantaged educational backgrounds. The norms in this study cannot be generalized to other ethnic groups or populations. It was further recommended that more studies like this take place, and more norms are created for the South Africans using the Beery VMI. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Outcomes-based participatory gender planning and budgeting in South African local government context: a case of selected municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Sikhosana, Nqobile
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Municipal budgets
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23381 , vital:57620
- Description: This research is focused on the premise that engaging women and men in municipal budget preparation can be a precondition for achieving gender-sensitive service delivery outcomes. It follows, logically, that empowering citizens and granting them authority to control budget allocations has the potential to play a mediating role in transforming the financial management environment within the framework of local government in South Africa. Without representation of heterogeneous social classes, budget allocations in South Africa will continue to reflect the needs of those who hold the top echelons of municipal administrative machinery. Given the complexity of the flawed participatory structures and persistent gender inequality, the mixed methods approach was used as an investigative method to gain a deeper understanding of the participatory genderresponsive budgeting trend and its subsequent impact on service delivery outcomes in the Eastern Cape Province. The findings showed that men's participation and resource re-allocation elements had a significant effect on gender-responsive budgeting but women's participation and transparency had no significant impact. More so, findings also revealed that there is no difference in the manner in which the two municipalities have adopted the two concepts. The long-term results of male domination and the ignorance of transparency and women participation in budget formulation is the establishment of gender-blind budgets that fail to deliver gender-sensitive service delivery outcomes. Based on secondary data analysis, evidence showed that there is a lack of gender dimension in the municipal outcomes and this has contributed towards gender inequalities in terms of access to services. However, results indicated that the full involvement of women and giving then authority to have a voice in budgetary decisions, coupled with the transparent incorporation of gender priorities in the stages of the budget cycle can lead to the formulation to gender sensitive budgets. This knowledge allows the adoption of a participatory gender responsive model for local government. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Sikhosana, Nqobile
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Municipal budgets
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23381 , vital:57620
- Description: This research is focused on the premise that engaging women and men in municipal budget preparation can be a precondition for achieving gender-sensitive service delivery outcomes. It follows, logically, that empowering citizens and granting them authority to control budget allocations has the potential to play a mediating role in transforming the financial management environment within the framework of local government in South Africa. Without representation of heterogeneous social classes, budget allocations in South Africa will continue to reflect the needs of those who hold the top echelons of municipal administrative machinery. Given the complexity of the flawed participatory structures and persistent gender inequality, the mixed methods approach was used as an investigative method to gain a deeper understanding of the participatory genderresponsive budgeting trend and its subsequent impact on service delivery outcomes in the Eastern Cape Province. The findings showed that men's participation and resource re-allocation elements had a significant effect on gender-responsive budgeting but women's participation and transparency had no significant impact. More so, findings also revealed that there is no difference in the manner in which the two municipalities have adopted the two concepts. The long-term results of male domination and the ignorance of transparency and women participation in budget formulation is the establishment of gender-blind budgets that fail to deliver gender-sensitive service delivery outcomes. Based on secondary data analysis, evidence showed that there is a lack of gender dimension in the municipal outcomes and this has contributed towards gender inequalities in terms of access to services. However, results indicated that the full involvement of women and giving then authority to have a voice in budgetary decisions, coupled with the transparent incorporation of gender priorities in the stages of the budget cycle can lead to the formulation to gender sensitive budgets. This knowledge allows the adoption of a participatory gender responsive model for local government. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Reservoir rock preoperty and hydrocarbon potentieal in the offshore gamtoos and algoa basins, South Africa
- Authors: Mokoele, Salmina Phuti
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Hydrocarbon reservoirs , South Africa -- Gamtoos River , Gamtoos Estuary (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27981 , vital:71409
- Description: Various research methods were employed to evaluate reservoir rock properties and source rock maturity for hydrocarbon potential in the offshore Gamtoos and Algoa basins, including lithostratigraphy, facies analysis, petrography, geophysics, geochemistry and basin modelling. Sedimentary facies were identified in the Gamtoos Basin along with their inferred depositional systems, mainly from the synrift I and II successions. This was also supplemented by lithostratigraphic evaluation of 12 wells across the study area. Facies analysis was applied to describe different rock types with depositional signatures by using the following parameters: grain fabric/texture, primary sedimentary structures, and fossil contents. Different types of lithofacies and biofacies were recorded indicating variations in bioturbation from low to high intensities. The results revealed a total of 15 types of facies from five cores, which were further subdivided into 8 types of sandstones, 3 types of siltstones, 3 types of mudstones and 1 type of conglomerate. Furthermore, five facies associations FA1 to FA5 were recognized from core evaluation: hemipelagite facies association, fine-grained, thinly bedded heterolithic sandstone-mudstone facies association (low-density turbidity flows), medium to coarse grained massive sandstone facies association high-density turbidity flows, debrites hybrid facies association and coarse grained conglomerate facies association. In terms of lithostratigraphic sequence, they correspond with fine- to medium-grained massive sandstone units of the Ta division, horizontal laminated sandstone units of the Tb division, fine to medium grained wavy laminated sandstone units of the Tc division, parallel laminated siltstones intercalated with fine grained ripple and lenticular sandstones of the Tc to Td divisions and fine grained massive, bedded siltstone units of the Te division. Both the Gamtoos and Algoa offshore basins comprise wells with proven source rock presence. Results from geochemical evaluations have revealed the presence of significant quantities of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (Kimmeridgian, Tithonian, Berriasian, Valanginian and Hauterivian) source rock intervals. The wells used for this research intersected a total of 25 source rocks across the various age groups with an average thickness of 70 m. Source rocks with hydrocarbon potentials were intersected at Kimmeridgian, Tithonian, Berriasian, Valanginian and Hauterivian successions. The source rocks indicate good to excellent quality of hydrocarbons with the potential to generate both oil to gas. For example, Tithonian source rock shows a tremendous petroleum generation potential with mostly type II (oil prone) and type II/III (oil to gas prone) kerogen. The data suggests that the Tithonian source rock was mainly deposited in marine depositional settings with planktons being the main source of kerogen. Some of the kerogen could have originated from limited quantities of algae (marine settings) and terrestrial plants. The source rock indicates a potential to generate variable hydrocarbons from oil, wet gas and dry gas. The Kimmeridgian and Tithonian source rocks range from main oil window to post gas mature zone. In the south-eastern part of the offshore Gamtoos Basin, deep marine shale source rocks were deposited between the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian age and these marine conditions continued throughout the synrift stage. The Algoa Basin indicates the deposition of deep-water shale source rocks resulting from a transgression period. The Berriasian source rock indicates a range in maturity from the early oil to gas windows in the Gamtoos graben between 126 Ma and present day. The source rock further shows a maximum transformation ratio of 100 percent at well Ha-D1 in the Gamtoos Basin. The Valanginian source rock indicates a range in maturity from early to late oil windows in the Algoa Basin with extremely low rates of transformation at a maximum of 24.67 percentage at well Hb-B1. The Hauterivian source rock dominantly plots within the early to main oil windows with vitrinite values between 0.6 and 0.8 percent. Results obtained from this research indicate the presence of moderate to good quality source rocks from the Kimmeridgian, Tithonian, Berriasian, Valanginian and Hauterivian. Majority of the source rocks have type III kerogen which is most likely to generate gas. The study area shows the presence of good quality source rocks with good petroleum generation potentials. The source rocks also show the ability to generate and expel hydrocarbons. The deeper sections of the grabens indicate high maturity levels with source rocks dominantly in the gas and late oil windows while the flanks are indicative of lower maturity stages between early and main oil windows. The best source rocks were mainly intersected and modelled from the synrift section while the upper transitional to drift sections indicate good quality reservoir rocks. The upper sections of the study area show a tremendous improvement in the quality of the reservoirs with porosity levels recorded to be up to 26 percent. The porosity levels increase up to 17 percent at well Ha-B2. This generally improved the potential for good reservoirs in the area from what has been intersected by the wells to the entire study area with the presence of effective traps and seals. The influence of hydrothermal alteration and chlorite cementation is quite low at these shallower sequences which further improved the quality of these reservoirs. Some of the sandstones intersected from the synrift sections range from very fine to coarse grained in texture with very low permeability and porosity due to extensive carbonate cementation, and also affected by hydrothermal alteration resulted from the extensive faulting in the area. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Mokoele, Salmina Phuti
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Hydrocarbon reservoirs , South Africa -- Gamtoos River , Gamtoos Estuary (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27981 , vital:71409
- Description: Various research methods were employed to evaluate reservoir rock properties and source rock maturity for hydrocarbon potential in the offshore Gamtoos and Algoa basins, including lithostratigraphy, facies analysis, petrography, geophysics, geochemistry and basin modelling. Sedimentary facies were identified in the Gamtoos Basin along with their inferred depositional systems, mainly from the synrift I and II successions. This was also supplemented by lithostratigraphic evaluation of 12 wells across the study area. Facies analysis was applied to describe different rock types with depositional signatures by using the following parameters: grain fabric/texture, primary sedimentary structures, and fossil contents. Different types of lithofacies and biofacies were recorded indicating variations in bioturbation from low to high intensities. The results revealed a total of 15 types of facies from five cores, which were further subdivided into 8 types of sandstones, 3 types of siltstones, 3 types of mudstones and 1 type of conglomerate. Furthermore, five facies associations FA1 to FA5 were recognized from core evaluation: hemipelagite facies association, fine-grained, thinly bedded heterolithic sandstone-mudstone facies association (low-density turbidity flows), medium to coarse grained massive sandstone facies association high-density turbidity flows, debrites hybrid facies association and coarse grained conglomerate facies association. In terms of lithostratigraphic sequence, they correspond with fine- to medium-grained massive sandstone units of the Ta division, horizontal laminated sandstone units of the Tb division, fine to medium grained wavy laminated sandstone units of the Tc division, parallel laminated siltstones intercalated with fine grained ripple and lenticular sandstones of the Tc to Td divisions and fine grained massive, bedded siltstone units of the Te division. Both the Gamtoos and Algoa offshore basins comprise wells with proven source rock presence. Results from geochemical evaluations have revealed the presence of significant quantities of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (Kimmeridgian, Tithonian, Berriasian, Valanginian and Hauterivian) source rock intervals. The wells used for this research intersected a total of 25 source rocks across the various age groups with an average thickness of 70 m. Source rocks with hydrocarbon potentials were intersected at Kimmeridgian, Tithonian, Berriasian, Valanginian and Hauterivian successions. The source rocks indicate good to excellent quality of hydrocarbons with the potential to generate both oil to gas. For example, Tithonian source rock shows a tremendous petroleum generation potential with mostly type II (oil prone) and type II/III (oil to gas prone) kerogen. The data suggests that the Tithonian source rock was mainly deposited in marine depositional settings with planktons being the main source of kerogen. Some of the kerogen could have originated from limited quantities of algae (marine settings) and terrestrial plants. The source rock indicates a potential to generate variable hydrocarbons from oil, wet gas and dry gas. The Kimmeridgian and Tithonian source rocks range from main oil window to post gas mature zone. In the south-eastern part of the offshore Gamtoos Basin, deep marine shale source rocks were deposited between the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian age and these marine conditions continued throughout the synrift stage. The Algoa Basin indicates the deposition of deep-water shale source rocks resulting from a transgression period. The Berriasian source rock indicates a range in maturity from the early oil to gas windows in the Gamtoos graben between 126 Ma and present day. The source rock further shows a maximum transformation ratio of 100 percent at well Ha-D1 in the Gamtoos Basin. The Valanginian source rock indicates a range in maturity from early to late oil windows in the Algoa Basin with extremely low rates of transformation at a maximum of 24.67 percentage at well Hb-B1. The Hauterivian source rock dominantly plots within the early to main oil windows with vitrinite values between 0.6 and 0.8 percent. Results obtained from this research indicate the presence of moderate to good quality source rocks from the Kimmeridgian, Tithonian, Berriasian, Valanginian and Hauterivian. Majority of the source rocks have type III kerogen which is most likely to generate gas. The study area shows the presence of good quality source rocks with good petroleum generation potentials. The source rocks also show the ability to generate and expel hydrocarbons. The deeper sections of the grabens indicate high maturity levels with source rocks dominantly in the gas and late oil windows while the flanks are indicative of lower maturity stages between early and main oil windows. The best source rocks were mainly intersected and modelled from the synrift section while the upper transitional to drift sections indicate good quality reservoir rocks. The upper sections of the study area show a tremendous improvement in the quality of the reservoirs with porosity levels recorded to be up to 26 percent. The porosity levels increase up to 17 percent at well Ha-B2. This generally improved the potential for good reservoirs in the area from what has been intersected by the wells to the entire study area with the presence of effective traps and seals. The influence of hydrothermal alteration and chlorite cementation is quite low at these shallower sequences which further improved the quality of these reservoirs. Some of the sandstones intersected from the synrift sections range from very fine to coarse grained in texture with very low permeability and porosity due to extensive carbonate cementation, and also affected by hydrothermal alteration resulted from the extensive faulting in the area. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
The impact of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on the well-being of adults diagnosed with the disorder: a systematic review
- Authors: Bezuidenhout, L Spies
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder , Attention-deficit disorder in adults
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26940 , vital:66204
- Description: The aim of this research is to explore how adults who were diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience the impact that the disorder has on their wellbeing. Since this research is an exploration of human experience the qualitative paradigm was used to guide the research. The research design was a Systematic Review. Studies for this research were found in the Fort Hare University Databases. The search terms used included a combination of the following and/or their synonyms Positive Psychology, well-being, life satisfaction, impact on life, life experience, coping strategies, and ADHD. There were 10 articles that met the selected inclusion criteria that became the sample. These articles were then further appraised by using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) appraisal tool. Data was extracted from the studies by using Thematic Analysis to provide the results. The themes for the research were identified as: the impact of an ADHD diagnosis, the impact ADHD has on identity, the impact ADHD has on performance and coping with ADHD. These themes best describe the data that was found in the sources. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Bezuidenhout, L Spies
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder , Attention-deficit disorder in adults
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26940 , vital:66204
- Description: The aim of this research is to explore how adults who were diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience the impact that the disorder has on their wellbeing. Since this research is an exploration of human experience the qualitative paradigm was used to guide the research. The research design was a Systematic Review. Studies for this research were found in the Fort Hare University Databases. The search terms used included a combination of the following and/or their synonyms Positive Psychology, well-being, life satisfaction, impact on life, life experience, coping strategies, and ADHD. There were 10 articles that met the selected inclusion criteria that became the sample. These articles were then further appraised by using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) appraisal tool. Data was extracted from the studies by using Thematic Analysis to provide the results. The themes for the research were identified as: the impact of an ADHD diagnosis, the impact ADHD has on identity, the impact ADHD has on performance and coping with ADHD. These themes best describe the data that was found in the sources. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
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