Gender and Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Nigeria
- Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Atiba, Bamidele Atiba, Anyian, Felix Emeka, Odugbemi, Babatunde A, Afolaranmi, Tolulope, Zoakah, Ayuba Ibrahim, Horsburgh, Robert C
- Authors: Oladimeji, Olanrewaju , Atiba, Bamidele Atiba , Anyian, Felix Emeka , Odugbemi, Babatunde A , Afolaranmi, Tolulope , Zoakah, Ayuba Ibrahim , Horsburgh, Robert C
- Date: 2023/02
- Subjects: drug-resistant TB , gender , treatement zone , human immunodeficiency virus
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13321 , vital:78424 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020104
- Description: We conducted a retrospective study of 2555 DR-TB patients admitted to treatment between 2010 and 2016 in six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. We characterized the gender distribution of DR-TB cases and the association between demographics and clinical data, such as age, treatment category, number of previous TB treatment cycles, and geopolitical zone, with gender. The independent effects of being a male or female DR-TB patient were determined using bivariate and multivariate analyzes with statistical significance of p 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. Records from a total of 2555 DR-TB patients were examined for the study. A majority were male (66.9%), largest age-group was 30–39 years old (35.8%), most had MDR-TB (61.4%), were HIV-negative (76.6%), and previously treated for TB (77.1%). The southwest treatment zone had the highest proportion of DR-TB patients (36.9%), and most DR-TB diagnoses occurred in 2016 (36.9%). On bivariate analysis, age, HIV status, treatment zone, and clinical patient group in DR-TB were significantly associated with male gender. On multivariate analysis, males aged 20–29 years (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.33–0.59, p = 0.001) and HIV-positive males (AOR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.33–0.59, p = 0.001) had lower likelihood of MDR-TB as males in the south–south treatment zone (AOR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.23–2.85, p = 0.03), and being male and aged ≥60 years (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.05–4.54, p = 0.036) increased the probability of DR-TB. The older male population from south–southern Nigeria and women of childbearing age had lower incidence of DR-TB than men of the same age. Tailored interventions to reduce HIV and DR-TB prevalence in the general population, particularly among women of childbearing potential, and treatment support for young and older men are relevant strategies to reduce DR-TB in Nigeria.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/02
- Authors: Oladimeji, Olanrewaju , Atiba, Bamidele Atiba , Anyian, Felix Emeka , Odugbemi, Babatunde A , Afolaranmi, Tolulope , Zoakah, Ayuba Ibrahim , Horsburgh, Robert C
- Date: 2023/02
- Subjects: drug-resistant TB , gender , treatement zone , human immunodeficiency virus
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13321 , vital:78424 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020104
- Description: We conducted a retrospective study of 2555 DR-TB patients admitted to treatment between 2010 and 2016 in six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. We characterized the gender distribution of DR-TB cases and the association between demographics and clinical data, such as age, treatment category, number of previous TB treatment cycles, and geopolitical zone, with gender. The independent effects of being a male or female DR-TB patient were determined using bivariate and multivariate analyzes with statistical significance of p 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. Records from a total of 2555 DR-TB patients were examined for the study. A majority were male (66.9%), largest age-group was 30–39 years old (35.8%), most had MDR-TB (61.4%), were HIV-negative (76.6%), and previously treated for TB (77.1%). The southwest treatment zone had the highest proportion of DR-TB patients (36.9%), and most DR-TB diagnoses occurred in 2016 (36.9%). On bivariate analysis, age, HIV status, treatment zone, and clinical patient group in DR-TB were significantly associated with male gender. On multivariate analysis, males aged 20–29 years (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.33–0.59, p = 0.001) and HIV-positive males (AOR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.33–0.59, p = 0.001) had lower likelihood of MDR-TB as males in the south–south treatment zone (AOR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.23–2.85, p = 0.03), and being male and aged ≥60 years (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.05–4.54, p = 0.036) increased the probability of DR-TB. The older male population from south–southern Nigeria and women of childbearing age had lower incidence of DR-TB than men of the same age. Tailored interventions to reduce HIV and DR-TB prevalence in the general population, particularly among women of childbearing potential, and treatment support for young and older men are relevant strategies to reduce DR-TB in Nigeria.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/02
Sol-gel produced Zn2V2O7 phosphors’ improved luminous properties: The role of thermal treatment
- Authors: Dejene, Francis Birhanu
- Date: 2023/02
- Subjects: Vanadate , Annealing , Crystallinity , Thermogravimetric , Photoluminescence
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13220 , vital:78106 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13878
- Description: Zn2V2O7 phosphor was made using a sol-gel technique and then annealed at temperatures ranging from 700 to 850 ◦C. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that Zn2V2O7 exhibits a single monoclinic phase. The width at half-maximum of the (022) XRD peak shrank overall resulting in improved crystallinity of the Zn2V2O7 phosphors with higher annealing temperatures. Because of the good crystallinity of Zn2V2O7, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that grain size increases as the annealing temperature rises. When the temperature was raised from 35 ◦C to 500 ◦C, TGA findings revealed a total weight loss of approximately 65%. The photoluminescence emission spectra of annealed Zn2V2O7 powders revealed a wide green-yellowish emission in the range of 400 nm–800 nm. As the annealing temperature was raised, the crystallinity improved, resulting in an increase in PL intensity. The peak of the PL emission shifts from green to yellow emission.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/02
- Authors: Dejene, Francis Birhanu
- Date: 2023/02
- Subjects: Vanadate , Annealing , Crystallinity , Thermogravimetric , Photoluminescence
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13220 , vital:78106 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13878
- Description: Zn2V2O7 phosphor was made using a sol-gel technique and then annealed at temperatures ranging from 700 to 850 ◦C. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that Zn2V2O7 exhibits a single monoclinic phase. The width at half-maximum of the (022) XRD peak shrank overall resulting in improved crystallinity of the Zn2V2O7 phosphors with higher annealing temperatures. Because of the good crystallinity of Zn2V2O7, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that grain size increases as the annealing temperature rises. When the temperature was raised from 35 ◦C to 500 ◦C, TGA findings revealed a total weight loss of approximately 65%. The photoluminescence emission spectra of annealed Zn2V2O7 powders revealed a wide green-yellowish emission in the range of 400 nm–800 nm. As the annealing temperature was raised, the crystallinity improved, resulting in an increase in PL intensity. The peak of the PL emission shifts from green to yellow emission.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/02
Stocking Practices of Anti-Tuberculosis Medications among Community Pharmacists and Patent Proprietary Medicine Vendors in Two States in Nigeria
- Adepoju, Abiola Victor, Ademola, Adelekan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Authors: Adepoju, Abiola Victor , Ademola, Adelekan , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Date: 2023/02
- Subjects: Tuberculosis , Patent medicine vendors , Community pharmacists , Anti-TB medication , Stocking , Dispensing , Fixed-dose combination
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13378 , vital:78665 , DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040584
- Description: Background: Evidence has shown that non-fixed-dose combination (non-FDC) anti-TB drugs could promote the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). We aimed to determine anti-TB medication stocking and dispensing practices among patent medicine vendors (PMVs) and community pharmacists (CPs) and their determinants. Method: This was a cross-sectional study using a structured, self-administered questionnaire among 405 retail outlets (322 PMVs and 83 CPs) across 16 Lagos and Kebbi local government areas (LGAs) between June 2020 and December 2020. Data were analyzed with Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 17 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to assess the determinants of anti-TB medication stocking practices at a p-value of 0.05 or less for statistical significance. Results: Overall, 91%, 71%, 49%, 43% and 35% of the respondents reported stocking loose rifampicin, streptomycin, pyrazinamide, isoniazid and ethambutol tablets, respectively...
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/02
- Authors: Adepoju, Abiola Victor , Ademola, Adelekan , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
- Date: 2023/02
- Subjects: Tuberculosis , Patent medicine vendors , Community pharmacists , Anti-TB medication , Stocking , Dispensing , Fixed-dose combination
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13378 , vital:78665 , DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040584
- Description: Background: Evidence has shown that non-fixed-dose combination (non-FDC) anti-TB drugs could promote the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). We aimed to determine anti-TB medication stocking and dispensing practices among patent medicine vendors (PMVs) and community pharmacists (CPs) and their determinants. Method: This was a cross-sectional study using a structured, self-administered questionnaire among 405 retail outlets (322 PMVs and 83 CPs) across 16 Lagos and Kebbi local government areas (LGAs) between June 2020 and December 2020. Data were analyzed with Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 17 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to assess the determinants of anti-TB medication stocking practices at a p-value of 0.05 or less for statistical significance. Results: Overall, 91%, 71%, 49%, 43% and 35% of the respondents reported stocking loose rifampicin, streptomycin, pyrazinamide, isoniazid and ethambutol tablets, respectively...
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/02
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