The Detection of Mutations and Genotyping of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Isolated from Patients in the Rural Eastern Cape Province
- Faye, M Lindiwe, Hosu, C Mojisola, Oostvogels, Selien, Dippenaar, Anzaan, Warren, M Robin, Sineke, Ncomeka, Vasaikar, Sandeep, Teke, Apalata
- Authors: Faye, M Lindiwe , Hosu, C Mojisola , Oostvogels, Selien , Dippenaar, Anzaan , Warren, M Robin , Sineke, Ncomeka , Vasaikar, Sandeep , Teke, Apalata
- Date: 2023/10
- Subjects: Drug-resistant TB , Heteroresistance , Mutations , Spoligotyping
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13589 , vital:78960 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15040041
- Description: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is still a major public health concern in South Africa. Mutations in M. tuberculosis can cause varying levels of phenotypic resistance to anti-TB medications. There have been no prior studies on gene mutations and the genotyping of DR-TB in the rural Eastern Cape Province; hence, we aimed to identify DR-TB mutations, genetic diversity, and allocated lineages among patients in this area. Using Xpert® MTB/RIF, we assessed the rifampin resistance of sputum samples collected from 1157 patients suspected of having tuberculosis. GenoType MTBDR plus VER 2.0 was used for the detection of mutations causing resistance to anti-TB medications. The next step was to spoligotype 441 isolates. The most prevalent rifampin resistance-conferring mutations were in rpoB codon S531L in INH-resistant strains; the katG gene at codon S315TB and the inhA gene at codon C-15TB had the most mutations; 54.5% and 24.7%, respectively. In addition, 24.6% of strains showed mutations in both the rpoB and inhA genes, while 69.9% of strains showed mutations in both the katG and rpoB genes. Heteroresistance was seen in 17.9% of all cases in the study. According to spoligotyping analysis, Beijing families predominated. Investigation of the evolutionary lineages of M. tuberculosis isolates can be carried out using the information provided by the study’s diversity of mutations. In locations wherein these mutations have been discovered, decision-making regarding the standardization of treatment regimens or individualized treatment may be aided by the detection frequency of rpoB, katG, and inhA mutations in various study areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/10
- Authors: Faye, M Lindiwe , Hosu, C Mojisola , Oostvogels, Selien , Dippenaar, Anzaan , Warren, M Robin , Sineke, Ncomeka , Vasaikar, Sandeep , Teke, Apalata
- Date: 2023/10
- Subjects: Drug-resistant TB , Heteroresistance , Mutations , Spoligotyping
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13589 , vital:78960 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15040041
- Description: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is still a major public health concern in South Africa. Mutations in M. tuberculosis can cause varying levels of phenotypic resistance to anti-TB medications. There have been no prior studies on gene mutations and the genotyping of DR-TB in the rural Eastern Cape Province; hence, we aimed to identify DR-TB mutations, genetic diversity, and allocated lineages among patients in this area. Using Xpert® MTB/RIF, we assessed the rifampin resistance of sputum samples collected from 1157 patients suspected of having tuberculosis. GenoType MTBDR plus VER 2.0 was used for the detection of mutations causing resistance to anti-TB medications. The next step was to spoligotype 441 isolates. The most prevalent rifampin resistance-conferring mutations were in rpoB codon S531L in INH-resistant strains; the katG gene at codon S315TB and the inhA gene at codon C-15TB had the most mutations; 54.5% and 24.7%, respectively. In addition, 24.6% of strains showed mutations in both the rpoB and inhA genes, while 69.9% of strains showed mutations in both the katG and rpoB genes. Heteroresistance was seen in 17.9% of all cases in the study. According to spoligotyping analysis, Beijing families predominated. Investigation of the evolutionary lineages of M. tuberculosis isolates can be carried out using the information provided by the study’s diversity of mutations. In locations wherein these mutations have been discovered, decision-making regarding the standardization of treatment regimens or individualized treatment may be aided by the detection frequency of rpoB, katG, and inhA mutations in various study areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/10
Voices from the Patients: A Qualitative Study of the Integration of Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Primary Healthcare Services in O.R. Tambo District, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Dlatu, Ntandazo, Oladimeji, Elizabeth Kelechi, Apalata, Teke
- Authors: Dlatu, Ntandazo , Oladimeji, Elizabeth Kelechi , Apalata, Teke
- Date: 2023/10
- Subjects: TB-HIV integration , Challenges and barriers , Patients , O.R. Tambo district , Eastern Cape , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13590 , vital:78959 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15020017
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB), a disease of poverty and inequality, is a leading cause of severe illness and death among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In South Africa, both TB and HIV epidemics have been closely related and persistent, posing a significant burden for healthcare provision. Studies have observed that TB-HIV integration reduces mortality. The operational implementation of integrated services is still challenging. This study aimed to describe patients’ perceptions on barriers to scaling up of TB-HIV integration services at selected health facilities (study sites) in Oliver Reginald (O.R) Tambo Municipality, Eastern Cape province, South Africa. We purposely recruited twenty-nine (29) patients accessing TB and HIV services at the study sites. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and presented as emerging themes. Barriers identified included a lack of health education about TB and HIV; an inadequate counselling for HIV and the antiretroviral drugs (ARVs); and poor quality of services provided by the healthcare facilities. These findings suggest that the O.R. Tambo district needs to strengthen its TB-HIV integration immediately.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/10
- Authors: Dlatu, Ntandazo , Oladimeji, Elizabeth Kelechi , Apalata, Teke
- Date: 2023/10
- Subjects: TB-HIV integration , Challenges and barriers , Patients , O.R. Tambo district , Eastern Cape , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13590 , vital:78959 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15020017
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB), a disease of poverty and inequality, is a leading cause of severe illness and death among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In South Africa, both TB and HIV epidemics have been closely related and persistent, posing a significant burden for healthcare provision. Studies have observed that TB-HIV integration reduces mortality. The operational implementation of integrated services is still challenging. This study aimed to describe patients’ perceptions on barriers to scaling up of TB-HIV integration services at selected health facilities (study sites) in Oliver Reginald (O.R) Tambo Municipality, Eastern Cape province, South Africa. We purposely recruited twenty-nine (29) patients accessing TB and HIV services at the study sites. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and presented as emerging themes. Barriers identified included a lack of health education about TB and HIV; an inadequate counselling for HIV and the antiretroviral drugs (ARVs); and poor quality of services provided by the healthcare facilities. These findings suggest that the O.R. Tambo district needs to strengthen its TB-HIV integration immediately.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023/10
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