Emergent literacy skills in isiXhosa in selected Early Childhood Development Centres in the Mthatha District
- Authors: Mpondwana, Gloria Nonzukiso
- Date: 2022-06
- Subjects: Literacy , Child development , Language arts (Early childhood)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27864 , vital:70233
- Description: The study sought to establish how ECD practitioners understood emergent literacy skills in young children, examine how practitioners engage young learners in promoting emergent literacy skills in isiXhosa, document and analyse materials practitioners use to promote emergent literacy skills in young learners, and examine challenges practitioners come across in promoting emergent literacy skills. The study used the interpretivist research paradigm, which seeks a holistic understanding of an issue under investigation. A qualitative research approach was followed, and a case study design was utilised. Six purposefully selected ECD centres in the Mthatha urban district of the Eastern Cape province were studied. Six ECD practitioners, one from each of the selected centres, participated in the study. An in-depth individual interview was carried out with each of the ECD practitioners. Follow-up interviews were made to clarify issues that emanated from the initial interviews. The study found that the practitioners had different ways of how they understood the concept of emergent literacy. The practitioners emphasised the development of four language skills namely reading, writing, speaking, and listening in their understanding of emergent literacy. The study further found that the practitioners also included in their understanding of emergent literacy skills, the importance of dealing with sounds in the isiXhosa language. The study revealed several ways in which the practitioners engaged young learners in promoting emergent literacy skills in IsiXhosa. The storytelling approach was utilised by the practitioners as they used IsiXhosa stories and folktales in class. Picture books and posters were used by the practitioners to assist in developing emergent literacy skills. It was also found that the practitioners engaged the young children using songs and games in developing emergent literacy skills. Drama and role-play were also used to engage the children in promoting emergent literacy skills. The practitioners also made use of different materials to engage the children in the promotion of early literacy skills. They used storybooks, colouring and painting, as well as cartoons. There were many challenges that the practitioners encountered in the promotion of emergent literacy skills in young children, and these ranged from the use of ineffective teaching and learning approaches to the lack of professional development support for the practitioners. The study concludes that the understanding of emergent literacy as a concept varied from ECD practitioner to practitioner. While other practitioners appeared to have a broad and clear understanding of the concept others had a limited one. The promotion of emergent literacy skills varied but there were attempts to utilise different approaches and materials. There were also numerous challenges associated with the promotion of emergent literacy skills in isiXhosa. The study recommends the inclusion of emergent skills development in ECD practitioners' training and professional development programmes. Support programmes should be put in place to assist the ECD practitioners. More appropriate materials should be developed in the isiXhosa language for use in promoting emergent literacy skills. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-06
- Authors: Mpondwana, Gloria Nonzukiso
- Date: 2022-06
- Subjects: Literacy , Child development , Language arts (Early childhood)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27864 , vital:70233
- Description: The study sought to establish how ECD practitioners understood emergent literacy skills in young children, examine how practitioners engage young learners in promoting emergent literacy skills in isiXhosa, document and analyse materials practitioners use to promote emergent literacy skills in young learners, and examine challenges practitioners come across in promoting emergent literacy skills. The study used the interpretivist research paradigm, which seeks a holistic understanding of an issue under investigation. A qualitative research approach was followed, and a case study design was utilised. Six purposefully selected ECD centres in the Mthatha urban district of the Eastern Cape province were studied. Six ECD practitioners, one from each of the selected centres, participated in the study. An in-depth individual interview was carried out with each of the ECD practitioners. Follow-up interviews were made to clarify issues that emanated from the initial interviews. The study found that the practitioners had different ways of how they understood the concept of emergent literacy. The practitioners emphasised the development of four language skills namely reading, writing, speaking, and listening in their understanding of emergent literacy. The study further found that the practitioners also included in their understanding of emergent literacy skills, the importance of dealing with sounds in the isiXhosa language. The study revealed several ways in which the practitioners engaged young learners in promoting emergent literacy skills in IsiXhosa. The storytelling approach was utilised by the practitioners as they used IsiXhosa stories and folktales in class. Picture books and posters were used by the practitioners to assist in developing emergent literacy skills. It was also found that the practitioners engaged the young children using songs and games in developing emergent literacy skills. Drama and role-play were also used to engage the children in promoting emergent literacy skills. The practitioners also made use of different materials to engage the children in the promotion of early literacy skills. They used storybooks, colouring and painting, as well as cartoons. There were many challenges that the practitioners encountered in the promotion of emergent literacy skills in young children, and these ranged from the use of ineffective teaching and learning approaches to the lack of professional development support for the practitioners. The study concludes that the understanding of emergent literacy as a concept varied from ECD practitioner to practitioner. While other practitioners appeared to have a broad and clear understanding of the concept others had a limited one. The promotion of emergent literacy skills varied but there were attempts to utilise different approaches and materials. There were also numerous challenges associated with the promotion of emergent literacy skills in isiXhosa. The study recommends the inclusion of emergent skills development in ECD practitioners' training and professional development programmes. Support programmes should be put in place to assist the ECD practitioners. More appropriate materials should be developed in the isiXhosa language for use in promoting emergent literacy skills. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-06
The obligation of unmarried biological parents to provide financial support for their children: a contemporary assessment from a children’s rights perspective
- Authors: Obi, Lauretta
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Children's rights , Support (Domestic relations)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22445 , vital:52322
- Description: In South Africa, the compelling task of unmarried biological parents to provide financial support (in the form of paying monthly maintenance) to their children, as a matter of children’s rights, is intended to ensure the children’s economic and psychological well-being both in the present and future. This study seeks, within the private judicial system and socio-economic context, to explore the nature of children’s rights as they pertain to parental financial support and, the responsibilities of unmarried parents to provide financial support for their biological children until they become self-supporting. This is significant as many unmarried parents usually downplay their responsibilities towards ensuring the well-being of their minor children. Section 28 of the South African Constitution of 1996 enshrines it as a duty of parents to fulfil this aspect of their children’s fundamental rights and our courts apply these rules to the letter. The task of providing support to children basically rests with their birth parents as the primary care givers, and in the absence of these parents or, due to their inability, this legal obligation falls on the state. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
- Authors: Obi, Lauretta
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Children's rights , Support (Domestic relations)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22445 , vital:52322
- Description: In South Africa, the compelling task of unmarried biological parents to provide financial support (in the form of paying monthly maintenance) to their children, as a matter of children’s rights, is intended to ensure the children’s economic and psychological well-being both in the present and future. This study seeks, within the private judicial system and socio-economic context, to explore the nature of children’s rights as they pertain to parental financial support and, the responsibilities of unmarried parents to provide financial support for their biological children until they become self-supporting. This is significant as many unmarried parents usually downplay their responsibilities towards ensuring the well-being of their minor children. Section 28 of the South African Constitution of 1996 enshrines it as a duty of parents to fulfil this aspect of their children’s fundamental rights and our courts apply these rules to the letter. The task of providing support to children basically rests with their birth parents as the primary care givers, and in the absence of these parents or, due to their inability, this legal obligation falls on the state. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
Profitability and technical efficiency of small-scale organic crop farmers’ in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
- Eyinade, Gabriel A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-7255
- Authors: Eyinade, Gabriel A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-7255
- Date: 2019-08
- Subjects: Organic farming , Farms, Small
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23633 , vital:58229
- Description: Organic farming is growing gradually in South Africa. Its contribution to economic growth and poverty mitigation is notably in the pastoral areas in terms of providing adequate and affordable food for the incessantly growing population. Organic farming is also known for provision of employment and source of livelihoods for the rural populace as well as supply of raw materials to the country’s agro-allied industrial sector. For the purposes of this research, focus was only on profitability and technical efficiency because it is an essential subject in developing agriculture where resources are limited, but high population growth is very common. As a result, increased output will rely more on efficiency enhancements which will further intensify farmers’ income. As such, evaluating the extent for such efficiency enhancements within the system is a crucial prerequisite. The objective of the study was to assess the profitability and technical efficiency; and to identify socio-economic, institutional and farm characteristics that influence profitability and the technical efficiency of the small-scale organic crop farmers in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM). A purposive sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 160 small-scale organic crop farmers in BCMM. The gross margin estimation was used to estimate profitability, while multivariate Ordinary Least Square (OLS) was used to assess socio-demographic factors influencing profitability. The stochastic frontier model was used to determine the level of technical efficiency as well as the determinants of technical inefficiency of the farmers. The results of the gross margin estimation show that the small-scale organic maize (GM= R392 417.00) and cabbage (R196 489.00) farms were profitable. Similarly, the results of the OLS showed that one out of the eight variables namely, farming experience influences organic maize producers’ profitability, while factors such as gender, household size, and educational level emerged as the major significant factors influencing organic cabbage producers’ profitability. The stochastic results revealed that small-scale organic crop farmers in the study area are technically efficient at 86percent in maize production and 93percent in cabbage production respectively; and experienced unity return to scale (1.0) in maize and increasing return to scale (1.2) in cabbage. The results suggested that an increase in the use of input, would also intensify their productivity and efficiency. The results from the inefficiecncy model of the stochastic frontier further show that age and farming experience are the major determinants of organic maize producers’ technical inefficiency, while, factors such as age, years of schooling, farming experience, and household size were the significant determinants of organic cabbage producers’ technical inefficiency. To enhance the farming potential of these farmers, it is recommended that government and other several stakeholders such as researchers, entrepreneurs should invest more in organic crop farms since it is profitable and efficient in improving farmers’ livelihoods. There is also need for government to organise on-going workshops and extension training through the help of extension officers on how farmers can improve their production which will further enhance their income. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-08
- Authors: Eyinade, Gabriel A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-7255
- Date: 2019-08
- Subjects: Organic farming , Farms, Small
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23633 , vital:58229
- Description: Organic farming is growing gradually in South Africa. Its contribution to economic growth and poverty mitigation is notably in the pastoral areas in terms of providing adequate and affordable food for the incessantly growing population. Organic farming is also known for provision of employment and source of livelihoods for the rural populace as well as supply of raw materials to the country’s agro-allied industrial sector. For the purposes of this research, focus was only on profitability and technical efficiency because it is an essential subject in developing agriculture where resources are limited, but high population growth is very common. As a result, increased output will rely more on efficiency enhancements which will further intensify farmers’ income. As such, evaluating the extent for such efficiency enhancements within the system is a crucial prerequisite. The objective of the study was to assess the profitability and technical efficiency; and to identify socio-economic, institutional and farm characteristics that influence profitability and the technical efficiency of the small-scale organic crop farmers in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM). A purposive sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 160 small-scale organic crop farmers in BCMM. The gross margin estimation was used to estimate profitability, while multivariate Ordinary Least Square (OLS) was used to assess socio-demographic factors influencing profitability. The stochastic frontier model was used to determine the level of technical efficiency as well as the determinants of technical inefficiency of the farmers. The results of the gross margin estimation show that the small-scale organic maize (GM= R392 417.00) and cabbage (R196 489.00) farms were profitable. Similarly, the results of the OLS showed that one out of the eight variables namely, farming experience influences organic maize producers’ profitability, while factors such as gender, household size, and educational level emerged as the major significant factors influencing organic cabbage producers’ profitability. The stochastic results revealed that small-scale organic crop farmers in the study area are technically efficient at 86percent in maize production and 93percent in cabbage production respectively; and experienced unity return to scale (1.0) in maize and increasing return to scale (1.2) in cabbage. The results suggested that an increase in the use of input, would also intensify their productivity and efficiency. The results from the inefficiecncy model of the stochastic frontier further show that age and farming experience are the major determinants of organic maize producers’ technical inefficiency, while, factors such as age, years of schooling, farming experience, and household size were the significant determinants of organic cabbage producers’ technical inefficiency. To enhance the farming potential of these farmers, it is recommended that government and other several stakeholders such as researchers, entrepreneurs should invest more in organic crop farms since it is profitable and efficient in improving farmers’ livelihoods. There is also need for government to organise on-going workshops and extension training through the help of extension officers on how farmers can improve their production which will further enhance their income. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-08
Public-private partnerships as an alternative mechanism for effective public service delivery in Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng Province, Republic of South Africa
- Authors: Madziro, Emmanuel Kudzanai
- Date: 2016-11
- Subjects: Public-private sector cooperation , Municipal services , Local government
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22990 , vital:53396
- Description: Public-Private Partnerships developed in the 1980`s mainly associated with privatising and laissez faire concept and it emerged with the leadership of Regan in the USA and Thatcher in the UK. During this period the role of national governments was intensely debated (Deloitte, 2010). These debates generated the notion of New Public Management theory, that tried to use competitive techniques and certain free market principles within government entities that considered the involvement of the free enterprise in the provision of government service delivery (Kaberuka, 2011). Public-Private Partnerships are a vital component; it is the main reason why they were recognized significantly particularly during the 1990s, predominantly in first world countries and subsequently in developing countries. Basically a Public Private Partnership (PPP) denotes a legal agreement between the public sector and a private enterprise (Kaberuka, 2011). It aims to unite the ability of both public and private sector in manner that will ensure that neither of the side execute the plan on its own. Under this binding agreement, the expertise and wealth, assets of both public and private sector procedure of decision-making are used mutually during the provision of public services or facilities. Both of these parties carry the risk associated, as well as the benefits that will be accrued from the projects. There are particular reasons why the public sector prefers PPPs. These include reduction of the total costs and the primary expenditure that will allow the private sector to help in the elimination of the expenditures to be incurred. (Reynaers et al, 2014). Some of the reasons include the lack of government managerial competencies and certain technical expertise. Furthermore, efficient and novelty in the delivering of public services and goods mainly due to the ability of private sector to have leadership and managerial competencies that allow the provision of supplementary benefits in the PPP in contradictory to conventional projects. (Reynaers et al, 2014). PPPs also ensure competitiveness between the private and public sector entities, which encourage the elimination of unnecessary expenses and the provision of standard services. One of the main characteristics of PPPs is the amalgamating and generation provision of particular public services (Raja et al, 2011). This mean that the particular private entity will execute both projects. Hence therefore, it will have less commitment pertaining to the prioritization of the construction phase, given the fact that it will accrue rewards in the future, particularly during the operation stage. (Raja et al, 2011). This mechanism is pragmatic if the magnitude of service that has to be provided when the quality of service that has to be provided can be precisely be depicted and examined during the course of contractual legal discussion between the two parties. Facilities are usually transferred to the public sector after a pre-determined period. The responsibilities of public and private sector must be specified during the discussion of the contractual agreement. The public participant should the assume the responsibility for establishing social benefit of a project, facilitating with influential decision makers, evaluation of standards, guaranteeing the interests of the public, consequently it should also assume the financial unprofitability of investments, the approximation of the expenditure and sup ply of fundamental information pertaining the projects (Heald et al, 2011). Public-private partnership is a relationship that necessitates the inclusion of both stakeholders which include the private and public sector. PPPs are perceived as solution for effective provision of social infrastructure that is vital for economic development and consistency in both developing and developing worlds (Heald et al 2011). The fiscal, expertise, and lack of competency personnel in public sector can be resolved through engaging the concept of PPPs. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2016
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016-11
- Authors: Madziro, Emmanuel Kudzanai
- Date: 2016-11
- Subjects: Public-private sector cooperation , Municipal services , Local government
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22990 , vital:53396
- Description: Public-Private Partnerships developed in the 1980`s mainly associated with privatising and laissez faire concept and it emerged with the leadership of Regan in the USA and Thatcher in the UK. During this period the role of national governments was intensely debated (Deloitte, 2010). These debates generated the notion of New Public Management theory, that tried to use competitive techniques and certain free market principles within government entities that considered the involvement of the free enterprise in the provision of government service delivery (Kaberuka, 2011). Public-Private Partnerships are a vital component; it is the main reason why they were recognized significantly particularly during the 1990s, predominantly in first world countries and subsequently in developing countries. Basically a Public Private Partnership (PPP) denotes a legal agreement between the public sector and a private enterprise (Kaberuka, 2011). It aims to unite the ability of both public and private sector in manner that will ensure that neither of the side execute the plan on its own. Under this binding agreement, the expertise and wealth, assets of both public and private sector procedure of decision-making are used mutually during the provision of public services or facilities. Both of these parties carry the risk associated, as well as the benefits that will be accrued from the projects. There are particular reasons why the public sector prefers PPPs. These include reduction of the total costs and the primary expenditure that will allow the private sector to help in the elimination of the expenditures to be incurred. (Reynaers et al, 2014). Some of the reasons include the lack of government managerial competencies and certain technical expertise. Furthermore, efficient and novelty in the delivering of public services and goods mainly due to the ability of private sector to have leadership and managerial competencies that allow the provision of supplementary benefits in the PPP in contradictory to conventional projects. (Reynaers et al, 2014). PPPs also ensure competitiveness between the private and public sector entities, which encourage the elimination of unnecessary expenses and the provision of standard services. One of the main characteristics of PPPs is the amalgamating and generation provision of particular public services (Raja et al, 2011). This mean that the particular private entity will execute both projects. Hence therefore, it will have less commitment pertaining to the prioritization of the construction phase, given the fact that it will accrue rewards in the future, particularly during the operation stage. (Raja et al, 2011). This mechanism is pragmatic if the magnitude of service that has to be provided when the quality of service that has to be provided can be precisely be depicted and examined during the course of contractual legal discussion between the two parties. Facilities are usually transferred to the public sector after a pre-determined period. The responsibilities of public and private sector must be specified during the discussion of the contractual agreement. The public participant should the assume the responsibility for establishing social benefit of a project, facilitating with influential decision makers, evaluation of standards, guaranteeing the interests of the public, consequently it should also assume the financial unprofitability of investments, the approximation of the expenditure and sup ply of fundamental information pertaining the projects (Heald et al, 2011). Public-private partnership is a relationship that necessitates the inclusion of both stakeholders which include the private and public sector. PPPs are perceived as solution for effective provision of social infrastructure that is vital for economic development and consistency in both developing and developing worlds (Heald et al 2011). The fiscal, expertise, and lack of competency personnel in public sector can be resolved through engaging the concept of PPPs. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2016
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016-11
Evaluation and comparison of rural and industrial brick masonry units for sustainabile low cost housing
- Authors: Maweza, Elijah Loyiso
- Date: 2011-01
- Subjects: Masonry
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24923 , vital:63676
- Description: The lack of adequate housing for the rural population of South Africa is experienced in every community. The South African government has drawn policies, strategies and required standards that must govern the provision of housing to the people. One of the required standards of housing is that the walls be constructed in such a way that they are able to adequately resist water penetration into any part of the building where it would be detrimental to the health of the occupants or the lifespan of the building. This research took the investigation of the characteristics of bricks that increase or reduce water absorption by bricks as the main objective. The investigation looked first at the raw materials of bricks, the soils and clay. The particle size related soil fractions were investigated because particle sizes are directly linked to the porosity of the bricks. Porosity describes the percentage of pores that are in the bricks, which show the extent to which bricks can internally accommodate moisture. Soil mineralogy was also discussed because as bricks are fired, the changes that they undergo affect the mineralogy of the bricks. The manufacturing procedures (brick moulding and firing) as reported from literature are briefly discussed in chapter 2. The effect of heat on clays is also discussed in order to explain the changes that occur as a result of firing. The porosity and the sorptivity of bricks were the relevant brick properties that are discussed. The methods employed to investigate the characteristics of bricks as discussed in chapter 3 were as follows: (i) Winning and preparation of raw materials. (ii) Particle size analysis. (iii) Water and carbon content in newly formed rural and industrial bricks. (iv) The firing procedures and temperature distribution investigation. (v) The chemical composition of rural and industrial bricks. (vi) Porosity. (vii) The Neutron Radiography equipment and operations. (viii) Sorptivity. With these investigations it was discovered that the quality of the bricks can be improved by: (i) Selecting and preparing the raw materials. This can be done by considering the soil types and reducing the soil particle sizes by sieving and grinding. (ii) Moulding the bricks properly by thoroughly working the soil, reducing the water content and increasing compaction. (iii) Drying the bricks using the sun and the exhaust heat from the kilns that are firing bricks at the time. (iv) Adopting brick firing techniques that produce the desired bricks more efficiently. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2011
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011-01
- Authors: Maweza, Elijah Loyiso
- Date: 2011-01
- Subjects: Masonry
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24923 , vital:63676
- Description: The lack of adequate housing for the rural population of South Africa is experienced in every community. The South African government has drawn policies, strategies and required standards that must govern the provision of housing to the people. One of the required standards of housing is that the walls be constructed in such a way that they are able to adequately resist water penetration into any part of the building where it would be detrimental to the health of the occupants or the lifespan of the building. This research took the investigation of the characteristics of bricks that increase or reduce water absorption by bricks as the main objective. The investigation looked first at the raw materials of bricks, the soils and clay. The particle size related soil fractions were investigated because particle sizes are directly linked to the porosity of the bricks. Porosity describes the percentage of pores that are in the bricks, which show the extent to which bricks can internally accommodate moisture. Soil mineralogy was also discussed because as bricks are fired, the changes that they undergo affect the mineralogy of the bricks. The manufacturing procedures (brick moulding and firing) as reported from literature are briefly discussed in chapter 2. The effect of heat on clays is also discussed in order to explain the changes that occur as a result of firing. The porosity and the sorptivity of bricks were the relevant brick properties that are discussed. The methods employed to investigate the characteristics of bricks as discussed in chapter 3 were as follows: (i) Winning and preparation of raw materials. (ii) Particle size analysis. (iii) Water and carbon content in newly formed rural and industrial bricks. (iv) The firing procedures and temperature distribution investigation. (v) The chemical composition of rural and industrial bricks. (vi) Porosity. (vii) The Neutron Radiography equipment and operations. (viii) Sorptivity. With these investigations it was discovered that the quality of the bricks can be improved by: (i) Selecting and preparing the raw materials. This can be done by considering the soil types and reducing the soil particle sizes by sieving and grinding. (ii) Moulding the bricks properly by thoroughly working the soil, reducing the water content and increasing compaction. (iii) Drying the bricks using the sun and the exhaust heat from the kilns that are firing bricks at the time. (iv) Adopting brick firing techniques that produce the desired bricks more efficiently. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2011
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011-01
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