Context-related drivers, occurrence and human exposure to antibiotic resistant Campylobacter in selected river systems in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Chibwe, Mary
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466644 , vital:76763 , DOI https://doi.org/10.21504/10962/466644
- Description: The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter species in river systems is a growing public health concern globally. This challenge presents the need to understand the drivers influencing the occurrence of these antibiotic-resistant strains to inform effective mitigation strategies. Identifying local anthropogenic pressures/activities will enable tailored intervention and ensure that management efforts are targeted and effective in mitigating actual risks faced by local water resources. In particular, the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter in river systems causes concerns regarding potential human exposure. Campylobacter species are regularly implicated in both animal and human diarrhoea, and have gained recognition as one of the main causes of waterborne diseases. This study investigated context-related drivers to the presence of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter, its occurrence, and the risk of human exposure in the Bloukrans and Swartkops rivers in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The study utilised a questionnaire survey and focus group discussions to identify context-related sources and drivers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes in the Bloukrans and Swartkops rivers. Additionally, physico-chemical analysis of water samples was done, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to investigate occurrences of Campylobacter in both rivers, as well as the presence of virulent and antibiotic-resistant genes. Two control sites, one for each river, and a total of nine other sampling sites were selected for this study, four along the Bloukrans River and five along the Swartkops River. Water samples were collected from all eleven sites over a period of one year, covering all the seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn). Exposure assessment was investigated by conducting propidium monoazide-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PMA-qPCR) to quantify the concentration of viable Campylobacter and its antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in the river water. The calculated concentration of viable Campylobacter and ARGs was then used to estimate human exposure dose of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter via unintentional ingestion during swimming in the Bloukrans or Swartkops rivers. The questionnaire surveys and focus group discussions identified the factors of socio-demographic characteristics of the study catchments, lack of knowledge regarding antibiotic resistance, inappropriate antibiotic and disposal practices as well as anthropogenic activities (improper solid waste management, discharge of poorly treated wastewater, poor animal husbandry practices, urban run-off and storm water, industrial effluent and agricultural run-off) as context-related sources and drivers contributing to the emergence and of continuing occurrence antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes in the Bloukrans and Swartkops rivers. The results obtained in this study suggest that the physiochemical properties of the water in the Bloukrans and Swartkops rivers are conducive for Campylobacter survival. The prevalence of Campylobacter was high at sites that recorded high turbidity, low dissolved oxygen and high conductivity. This study also highlighted the widespread and continual presence of Campylobacter spp. in the Bloukrans and Swartkops rivers, which are potentially antibiotic-resistant. The prevalence of Campylobacter was 60% virulence genes were detected at 15% (cadF), 10% (htrB), 10% (clpP), 5% (ciaB) and 5% (ctdC) for water samples from the Bloukrans River. Campylobacter was detected in 58% of water samples from the Swartkops River, while cadF, htrB, ciaB, clpP and ctdB were detected at 24%, 0%, 9.5%, 14.8% and 4.8%, respectively. Of the Campylobacter-positive water samples, the virulence genes cmeA, cmeB and cmeC were detected in 20%, 65% and 10% of the water samples from Bloukrans River, respectively. Similarly, the genes cmeA, cmeB and cmeC were detected at 14.3%, 52% and 9.5%, respectively, for the Swartkops River. Tetracycline resistance genes (tetO) were detected in 70% and 76% of the water samples collected from the Bloukrans and Swartkops rivers, respectively. It was also observed that the sampling site had a significant effect on the detection of Campylobacter for both rivers (p < 0.05). The prevalence of Campylobacter was higher for sites impacted by anthropogenic activities. The results show that sampling season had no significant effect on the occurrence of Campylobacter for both rivers. The analysis through PMA-qPCR revealed that the mean concentrations of the Campylobacter 16S rRNA gene from viable cells ranged from 2.1 × 104 to 1.75 × 105 copies/ml for the Bloukrans River, and from 0 (no detection) to 1.11 × 104 copies/ml (viable concentration) for the Swartkops River. The concentration of tetO from viable cells ranged from 4.75 × 101 to 2.71 × 103 copies/ml and 115.96 to 325.12 copies/ml, for the Bloukrans and Swartkops Rivers, respectively. Similarly, the concentration of cmeB genes from viable cells ranged from 7.8 × 101 to 2.76 × 104 copies/ml for the Bloukrans River and from 1.71 × 101 to 7.39 × 103 copies/ml for the Swartkops River. We utilized the calculated concentrations of viable Campylobacter 16S rRNA genes and ARGs to estimate the human intake burden of viable Campylobacter 16S rRNA copies per one-hour of swimming to range from 9.9 × 101 – 3.7 × 106 copies/h across the two rivers. The human intake burden of Campylobacter ARGs ranged from 3.6 × 102 – 5.8 × 105 copies/h for cmeB, and 9.98 × 102 – 5.7 × 104 copies/h for tetO. This study highlighted the intricate interplay of socio-demographic characteristics in the study catchments, such as insufficient awareness of antibiotic resistance, inappropriate antibiotic disposal practices and anthropogenic activities, which all contribute to the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter in the Bloukrans and Swartkops rivers, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address these specific influences. There is a potential risk of Campylobacter infections associated with human exposure to the rivers. This work contributes towards the body of knowledge in closing the current research gap on possible human exposure to antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter, and in general, exposure to ARBs through freshwater sources. The findings have practical implications for designing targeted interventions to mitigate these risks, to enhance the overall environmental and public health management in the region. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Institute for Water Research, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Chibwe, Mary
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466644 , vital:76763 , DOI https://doi.org/10.21504/10962/466644
- Description: The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter species in river systems is a growing public health concern globally. This challenge presents the need to understand the drivers influencing the occurrence of these antibiotic-resistant strains to inform effective mitigation strategies. Identifying local anthropogenic pressures/activities will enable tailored intervention and ensure that management efforts are targeted and effective in mitigating actual risks faced by local water resources. In particular, the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter in river systems causes concerns regarding potential human exposure. Campylobacter species are regularly implicated in both animal and human diarrhoea, and have gained recognition as one of the main causes of waterborne diseases. This study investigated context-related drivers to the presence of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter, its occurrence, and the risk of human exposure in the Bloukrans and Swartkops rivers in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The study utilised a questionnaire survey and focus group discussions to identify context-related sources and drivers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes in the Bloukrans and Swartkops rivers. Additionally, physico-chemical analysis of water samples was done, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to investigate occurrences of Campylobacter in both rivers, as well as the presence of virulent and antibiotic-resistant genes. Two control sites, one for each river, and a total of nine other sampling sites were selected for this study, four along the Bloukrans River and five along the Swartkops River. Water samples were collected from all eleven sites over a period of one year, covering all the seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn). Exposure assessment was investigated by conducting propidium monoazide-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PMA-qPCR) to quantify the concentration of viable Campylobacter and its antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in the river water. The calculated concentration of viable Campylobacter and ARGs was then used to estimate human exposure dose of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter via unintentional ingestion during swimming in the Bloukrans or Swartkops rivers. The questionnaire surveys and focus group discussions identified the factors of socio-demographic characteristics of the study catchments, lack of knowledge regarding antibiotic resistance, inappropriate antibiotic and disposal practices as well as anthropogenic activities (improper solid waste management, discharge of poorly treated wastewater, poor animal husbandry practices, urban run-off and storm water, industrial effluent and agricultural run-off) as context-related sources and drivers contributing to the emergence and of continuing occurrence antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes in the Bloukrans and Swartkops rivers. The results obtained in this study suggest that the physiochemical properties of the water in the Bloukrans and Swartkops rivers are conducive for Campylobacter survival. The prevalence of Campylobacter was high at sites that recorded high turbidity, low dissolved oxygen and high conductivity. This study also highlighted the widespread and continual presence of Campylobacter spp. in the Bloukrans and Swartkops rivers, which are potentially antibiotic-resistant. The prevalence of Campylobacter was 60% virulence genes were detected at 15% (cadF), 10% (htrB), 10% (clpP), 5% (ciaB) and 5% (ctdC) for water samples from the Bloukrans River. Campylobacter was detected in 58% of water samples from the Swartkops River, while cadF, htrB, ciaB, clpP and ctdB were detected at 24%, 0%, 9.5%, 14.8% and 4.8%, respectively. Of the Campylobacter-positive water samples, the virulence genes cmeA, cmeB and cmeC were detected in 20%, 65% and 10% of the water samples from Bloukrans River, respectively. Similarly, the genes cmeA, cmeB and cmeC were detected at 14.3%, 52% and 9.5%, respectively, for the Swartkops River. Tetracycline resistance genes (tetO) were detected in 70% and 76% of the water samples collected from the Bloukrans and Swartkops rivers, respectively. It was also observed that the sampling site had a significant effect on the detection of Campylobacter for both rivers (p < 0.05). The prevalence of Campylobacter was higher for sites impacted by anthropogenic activities. The results show that sampling season had no significant effect on the occurrence of Campylobacter for both rivers. The analysis through PMA-qPCR revealed that the mean concentrations of the Campylobacter 16S rRNA gene from viable cells ranged from 2.1 × 104 to 1.75 × 105 copies/ml for the Bloukrans River, and from 0 (no detection) to 1.11 × 104 copies/ml (viable concentration) for the Swartkops River. The concentration of tetO from viable cells ranged from 4.75 × 101 to 2.71 × 103 copies/ml and 115.96 to 325.12 copies/ml, for the Bloukrans and Swartkops Rivers, respectively. Similarly, the concentration of cmeB genes from viable cells ranged from 7.8 × 101 to 2.76 × 104 copies/ml for the Bloukrans River and from 1.71 × 101 to 7.39 × 103 copies/ml for the Swartkops River. We utilized the calculated concentrations of viable Campylobacter 16S rRNA genes and ARGs to estimate the human intake burden of viable Campylobacter 16S rRNA copies per one-hour of swimming to range from 9.9 × 101 – 3.7 × 106 copies/h across the two rivers. The human intake burden of Campylobacter ARGs ranged from 3.6 × 102 – 5.8 × 105 copies/h for cmeB, and 9.98 × 102 – 5.7 × 104 copies/h for tetO. This study highlighted the intricate interplay of socio-demographic characteristics in the study catchments, such as insufficient awareness of antibiotic resistance, inappropriate antibiotic disposal practices and anthropogenic activities, which all contribute to the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter in the Bloukrans and Swartkops rivers, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address these specific influences. There is a potential risk of Campylobacter infections associated with human exposure to the rivers. This work contributes towards the body of knowledge in closing the current research gap on possible human exposure to antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter, and in general, exposure to ARBs through freshwater sources. The findings have practical implications for designing targeted interventions to mitigate these risks, to enhance the overall environmental and public health management in the region. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Institute for Water Research, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
The dynamics of novice and experienced Namibian teachers’ adoption of the Advanced Subsidiary Agricultural Science curriculum
- Authors: Nanyemba, Wilhelmina
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463581 , vital:76422
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release date 2026. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post-School Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Nanyemba, Wilhelmina
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463581 , vital:76422
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release date 2026. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post-School Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Ubomi ngamahla ndinyuka
- Authors: Snam-Dyani, Linda
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: Xhosa
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465945 , vital:76670
- Description: Le thesisi yingqokelela yamabalana esiXhosa abalisa ngemeko yentlalo kwidolophana yaseMakhanda, eGqeberha nezinye iilali needolophana eziyingqongileyo. Ulwimi olusetyenziswayo lolwangoku noluthi luchaze iimeko zokuphila zangoku, luxuba namagama esiNgesi, lusongeza noburharha. Obu buncwane bolwimi buvela cacileyo kwindlela endibhale ngayo la mabalana - kwindlela abalinganiswa abalusebenzisa ngayo ulwimi kwiintetho neencoko zabo, kwimiba yobomi abajongene nayo, nakwindlela endithe ndazoba iingcinga ezidiza imivandedwa yabo, ngohlobo abakhetha ukuphila ubomi babo. Kuba incwadi yeBhayibhile inamabali athetha cacileyo ngexesha langoku, ekhuthaza inkululeko yomntu nangona yabhalwa kwiminyaka yakudala, le ngqokelela ikwajolisa kwinguqu ekhululayo eza kuncedisana nokujika kweelensi ezijongwa ngayo iBhayibhile. La mabali abonakalisa kwanendima edlalwa yiBhayibhile ekuphileni komntu ukunika ithemba kwimeko ezininzi zokuphila. Uncwadi olube nefuthe kum kuyilo lwale ngqokelela nasekusebenziseni kwam isandla sokubhala lolu: izicatshulwa eziphuma kwincwadi ebhalwe nguMxolisi Nyezwa ethi, ‘Bhlawa’s Inconsolable Spirits.’ Incwadi kaLukhanye E. Makhenyane ethi, ‘Kukhulu ukuthembeka kwakhe’, ‘Intsimbi’, ebhalwe nguP. T. Mtuze, ‘Umnxeba Wobomi’ ngokubhalwe ngu S.S.M. Mema kwanencwadi yeBhayibhile. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Languages and Literatures, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Snam-Dyani, Linda
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: Xhosa
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465945 , vital:76670
- Description: Le thesisi yingqokelela yamabalana esiXhosa abalisa ngemeko yentlalo kwidolophana yaseMakhanda, eGqeberha nezinye iilali needolophana eziyingqongileyo. Ulwimi olusetyenziswayo lolwangoku noluthi luchaze iimeko zokuphila zangoku, luxuba namagama esiNgesi, lusongeza noburharha. Obu buncwane bolwimi buvela cacileyo kwindlela endibhale ngayo la mabalana - kwindlela abalinganiswa abalusebenzisa ngayo ulwimi kwiintetho neencoko zabo, kwimiba yobomi abajongene nayo, nakwindlela endithe ndazoba iingcinga ezidiza imivandedwa yabo, ngohlobo abakhetha ukuphila ubomi babo. Kuba incwadi yeBhayibhile inamabali athetha cacileyo ngexesha langoku, ekhuthaza inkululeko yomntu nangona yabhalwa kwiminyaka yakudala, le ngqokelela ikwajolisa kwinguqu ekhululayo eza kuncedisana nokujika kweelensi ezijongwa ngayo iBhayibhile. La mabali abonakalisa kwanendima edlalwa yiBhayibhile ekuphileni komntu ukunika ithemba kwimeko ezininzi zokuphila. Uncwadi olube nefuthe kum kuyilo lwale ngqokelela nasekusebenziseni kwam isandla sokubhala lolu: izicatshulwa eziphuma kwincwadi ebhalwe nguMxolisi Nyezwa ethi, ‘Bhlawa’s Inconsolable Spirits.’ Incwadi kaLukhanye E. Makhenyane ethi, ‘Kukhulu ukuthembeka kwakhe’, ‘Intsimbi’, ebhalwe nguP. T. Mtuze, ‘Umnxeba Wobomi’ ngokubhalwe ngu S.S.M. Mema kwanencwadi yeBhayibhile. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Languages and Literatures, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
The impact of Malawi’s National Strategy on Inclusive Education: a case study analysis of two schools
- Authors: Kaunda, Bridget
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436499 , vital:73277
- Description: Using a qualitative case study approach, this study analysed the impact of Malawi’s National Strategy on Inclusive Education (NSIE) on inclusive education (IE) in two inclusive schools. IE is a global education reform for accommodating learners with Special Educational Needs (SEN) in mainstream schools. Malawi developed the NSIE in 2017 to guide IE implementation while working on the actual policy. This study aimed to analyse how NSIE has impacted IE during its first five years of implementation. This was done by examining how the NIES goals were designed, enacted, and implemented, the perceptions of system users, who include teachers, learners, and parents towards IE, and the enabling and constraining factors on its implementation. Drawing on the theoretical perspectives of the democratic theory of education and systems theory, this study argues that NSIE has ameliorated IE implementation by putting in place a structural implementation system. However, the implementation is marred by several constraining factors both at the management and implementation (schools) levels. Secondly, there is a disjuncture between NSIE as intended and as implemented in the sampled schools. Thirdly, the IE system lacks effective communication and responsive decision-making, especially in the monitoring process and school involvement. Fourthly, the study shows that IE implementation depends on a functional and well-stocked resource centre (RC) and the availability of enough qualified staff. It was also observed that poor teacher motivation resulting from lack of incentives such as promotions and training were major obstacles to the successful implementation of IE at the school level. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Primary and Early Childhood Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04-05
- Authors: Kaunda, Bridget
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436499 , vital:73277
- Description: Using a qualitative case study approach, this study analysed the impact of Malawi’s National Strategy on Inclusive Education (NSIE) on inclusive education (IE) in two inclusive schools. IE is a global education reform for accommodating learners with Special Educational Needs (SEN) in mainstream schools. Malawi developed the NSIE in 2017 to guide IE implementation while working on the actual policy. This study aimed to analyse how NSIE has impacted IE during its first five years of implementation. This was done by examining how the NIES goals were designed, enacted, and implemented, the perceptions of system users, who include teachers, learners, and parents towards IE, and the enabling and constraining factors on its implementation. Drawing on the theoretical perspectives of the democratic theory of education and systems theory, this study argues that NSIE has ameliorated IE implementation by putting in place a structural implementation system. However, the implementation is marred by several constraining factors both at the management and implementation (schools) levels. Secondly, there is a disjuncture between NSIE as intended and as implemented in the sampled schools. Thirdly, the IE system lacks effective communication and responsive decision-making, especially in the monitoring process and school involvement. Fourthly, the study shows that IE implementation depends on a functional and well-stocked resource centre (RC) and the availability of enough qualified staff. It was also observed that poor teacher motivation resulting from lack of incentives such as promotions and training were major obstacles to the successful implementation of IE at the school level. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Primary and Early Childhood Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04-05
'N polisistemiese ondersoek na die poësie van instagram-digters
- Authors: De Wat Jane
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Prosodic analysis (Linguistics) , Poetry
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63265 , vital:73242
- Description: Die doel van hierdie studie is om die opkoms van Afrikaanse Instagrampoësie en die literêre en sosiale status daarvan te ondersoek met spesifieke verwysing na die volgende Afrikaanse aanlyn digters en hul selfpublikasies: Skakerings van geel (@skildermetdigkuns) en Alles wat ek wou sê (@ontmasker), sowel as die sogenaamde Rupi Kaur van Afrikaanse Instagrampoësie, (@kaalwoorde), se digbundel Kosmos en komete wat onlangs deur LAPA Uitgewers gepubliseer is. Daar word ondersoek ingestel na die manier waarop die metamodernistiese konteks waarbinne digitale of e-letterkunde ontwikkel het, in dié skryfstyl manifesteer. In my ondersoek fokus ek op metamodernisme eerder as postmodernisme, omdat metamodernisme groter klem op die waarheid en die objektiewe realiteit plaas, wat ʼn opvallende tema in die werk van die gekose digters is. Die impak van aanlyn poësie op die identiteit en voorstelling van die Zoomer-generasie (individue wat ná 1996 gebore is, andersins bekend as generasie Z) word nagespeur ten einde die impak van hierdie poësie op die gemiddelde Afrikaanse Zoomer-leser te bepaal. Verskeie vrae rakende die posisie van Instagrampoësie binne die Afrikaanse literêre diskoers en kanon word ook onder die loep geneem. Die analise en interpretasie van die gedigte is daarop gemik om die literêre status van hierdie gedigte te ondersoek op grond van skryfpatrone, die evolusie daarvan en die gewildheid wat gemeet word in terme van followers (voortaan volgelinge), likes (voortaan bekend as voorkeure) en comments (voortaan kommentaar).1 Daar is bewys dat die metamodernistiese konteks (wat breedvoerig in die studie gekonseptualiseer en in terme van Suid-Afrika gekontekstualiseer word) waarin hierdie gedigte geformuleer en versprei is, ʼn beduidende invloed het op die toon en temas daarvan. Daar word getoon dat die tematiese stryd met kwessies soos identiteit, geloof en liefde in dié woordkuns verband hou met die sosiopolitieke konteks van die Zoomer-generasie. Hierdie metamodernistiese toestand word gekenmerk deur progressiewe denke, diversiteit en ʼn samelewing wat voortdurend verander. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat Afrikaanse Instagrampoësie ʼn literêre diskoers skep met die doel om nuwe idees met betrekking tot die waarhede van ʼn generasie wat dikwels misverstaan en misgekyk word, voor te stel. Die vryheid van Instagrampoësie bied met ander woorde ʼn geleentheid vir Zoomer-denkers om hulle stempel binne ʼn metamoderne samelewing af te druk. Deur Even-Zohar se 1 Instagram-terme wat verwys na die hoeveelheid mense wat die digter volg, sy/haar/sig gedigte lees en dan ook daarop reageer op ʼn “hou van/hou nie van nie” glyskaal. 4 polisisteemteorie en die leser-reaksie-teorie by die ondersoek na die skep en ontvangs van aanlyn poësie te betrek, word aangetoon dat e-letterkunde wel ʼn plek binne die Afrikaanse literêre diskoers vind. Hoewel die skeppingsproses, publikasie en ontvangs van aanlyn poësie verskil van dié van ander literêre vorme, stel die studie hierdie vorm van poësie aan die Afrikaanse literêre diskoers en kanon bekend. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: De Wat Jane
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Prosodic analysis (Linguistics) , Poetry
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63265 , vital:73242
- Description: Die doel van hierdie studie is om die opkoms van Afrikaanse Instagrampoësie en die literêre en sosiale status daarvan te ondersoek met spesifieke verwysing na die volgende Afrikaanse aanlyn digters en hul selfpublikasies: Skakerings van geel (@skildermetdigkuns) en Alles wat ek wou sê (@ontmasker), sowel as die sogenaamde Rupi Kaur van Afrikaanse Instagrampoësie, (@kaalwoorde), se digbundel Kosmos en komete wat onlangs deur LAPA Uitgewers gepubliseer is. Daar word ondersoek ingestel na die manier waarop die metamodernistiese konteks waarbinne digitale of e-letterkunde ontwikkel het, in dié skryfstyl manifesteer. In my ondersoek fokus ek op metamodernisme eerder as postmodernisme, omdat metamodernisme groter klem op die waarheid en die objektiewe realiteit plaas, wat ʼn opvallende tema in die werk van die gekose digters is. Die impak van aanlyn poësie op die identiteit en voorstelling van die Zoomer-generasie (individue wat ná 1996 gebore is, andersins bekend as generasie Z) word nagespeur ten einde die impak van hierdie poësie op die gemiddelde Afrikaanse Zoomer-leser te bepaal. Verskeie vrae rakende die posisie van Instagrampoësie binne die Afrikaanse literêre diskoers en kanon word ook onder die loep geneem. Die analise en interpretasie van die gedigte is daarop gemik om die literêre status van hierdie gedigte te ondersoek op grond van skryfpatrone, die evolusie daarvan en die gewildheid wat gemeet word in terme van followers (voortaan volgelinge), likes (voortaan bekend as voorkeure) en comments (voortaan kommentaar).1 Daar is bewys dat die metamodernistiese konteks (wat breedvoerig in die studie gekonseptualiseer en in terme van Suid-Afrika gekontekstualiseer word) waarin hierdie gedigte geformuleer en versprei is, ʼn beduidende invloed het op die toon en temas daarvan. Daar word getoon dat die tematiese stryd met kwessies soos identiteit, geloof en liefde in dié woordkuns verband hou met die sosiopolitieke konteks van die Zoomer-generasie. Hierdie metamodernistiese toestand word gekenmerk deur progressiewe denke, diversiteit en ʼn samelewing wat voortdurend verander. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat Afrikaanse Instagrampoësie ʼn literêre diskoers skep met die doel om nuwe idees met betrekking tot die waarhede van ʼn generasie wat dikwels misverstaan en misgekyk word, voor te stel. Die vryheid van Instagrampoësie bied met ander woorde ʼn geleentheid vir Zoomer-denkers om hulle stempel binne ʼn metamoderne samelewing af te druk. Deur Even-Zohar se 1 Instagram-terme wat verwys na die hoeveelheid mense wat die digter volg, sy/haar/sig gedigte lees en dan ook daarop reageer op ʼn “hou van/hou nie van nie” glyskaal. 4 polisisteemteorie en die leser-reaksie-teorie by die ondersoek na die skep en ontvangs van aanlyn poësie te betrek, word aangetoon dat e-letterkunde wel ʼn plek binne die Afrikaanse literêre diskoers vind. Hoewel die skeppingsproses, publikasie en ontvangs van aanlyn poësie verskil van dié van ander literêre vorme, stel die studie hierdie vorm van poësie aan die Afrikaanse literêre diskoers en kanon bekend. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
An exploration of the Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) facilitating the growth and certification of small-scale organic farmers: Giyani, Garden Route and Overberg case studies
- Authors: Mashele,N’wa-Jama
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Organic farming – Case studies --South Africa , Organic farming research
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60741 , vital:66574
- Description: In this study, I evaluated the Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) as a framework to support the growth and certification of small-scale organic farmers. I used the interpretivism and constructivism lenses to understand the PGS from the perspective of members of three PGS groups. The research was qualitative, treating the three PGS groups as case studies. I collected data using focus groups, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, field notes and observations. The theoretical frameworks that guided the research and data analysis were Socio-ecological Systems (SES) based principles and the Multi-Level-Perspective (MLP) framework. The data were analysed using Atlas.ti content analysis software. The key results were grouped into four themes: capacity; market and logistics; learning process; and disturbance, shock and stress. The theme of ‘capacity’ dealt with the functioning of a PGS, where three categories were identified: group composition and capacity; resource limitations and institutional support; marketing and consumer education. The more diversity in age, education and culture of PGS stakeholders, the better performance and chances of continuity and propagation. PGS has limited capacity partly due to its voluntary nature and infancy. It needs institutional support to grow and be useful for members. Department of Agriculture extension officers knew little about organic farming, thus limiting their engagement and assistance to such farmers. The theme of ‘market and logistics’ looked at the various factors that influence the farmers’ market reach. The perception from the members was that there was minimal consumer awareness about organic agriculture and the PGS. The marketing of organic produce relied largely on the individual farmer’s efforts and ability to search for and secure markets. The theme of the ‘learning process’ was categorised into learning and knowledge exchange. Members of the PGS groups highly regarded the invaluable knowledge shared through farm visits and online platforms, such as their WhatsApp groups. This knowledge improved and informed their farming techniques and led to the growth of v their skill base and experimentation. They viewed the way knowledge was exchanged as non-threatening and highly useful. The fourth theme of ‘disturbance, shock and stress’ dealt with the effects of COVID19. The three groups were all affected by lockdown restrictions (at the time of data collection) and were initially cut off from their usual markets. This led to a loss of income, loss of farm staff and a loss of the desired growth of the farms. The group’s diverse farming practices bolstered their resilience, enabling them to adapt and try alternative marketing strategies. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Management, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Mashele,N’wa-Jama
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Organic farming – Case studies --South Africa , Organic farming research
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60741 , vital:66574
- Description: In this study, I evaluated the Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) as a framework to support the growth and certification of small-scale organic farmers. I used the interpretivism and constructivism lenses to understand the PGS from the perspective of members of three PGS groups. The research was qualitative, treating the three PGS groups as case studies. I collected data using focus groups, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, field notes and observations. The theoretical frameworks that guided the research and data analysis were Socio-ecological Systems (SES) based principles and the Multi-Level-Perspective (MLP) framework. The data were analysed using Atlas.ti content analysis software. The key results were grouped into four themes: capacity; market and logistics; learning process; and disturbance, shock and stress. The theme of ‘capacity’ dealt with the functioning of a PGS, where three categories were identified: group composition and capacity; resource limitations and institutional support; marketing and consumer education. The more diversity in age, education and culture of PGS stakeholders, the better performance and chances of continuity and propagation. PGS has limited capacity partly due to its voluntary nature and infancy. It needs institutional support to grow and be useful for members. Department of Agriculture extension officers knew little about organic farming, thus limiting their engagement and assistance to such farmers. The theme of ‘market and logistics’ looked at the various factors that influence the farmers’ market reach. The perception from the members was that there was minimal consumer awareness about organic agriculture and the PGS. The marketing of organic produce relied largely on the individual farmer’s efforts and ability to search for and secure markets. The theme of the ‘learning process’ was categorised into learning and knowledge exchange. Members of the PGS groups highly regarded the invaluable knowledge shared through farm visits and online platforms, such as their WhatsApp groups. This knowledge improved and informed their farming techniques and led to the growth of v their skill base and experimentation. They viewed the way knowledge was exchanged as non-threatening and highly useful. The fourth theme of ‘disturbance, shock and stress’ dealt with the effects of COVID19. The three groups were all affected by lockdown restrictions (at the time of data collection) and were initially cut off from their usual markets. This led to a loss of income, loss of farm staff and a loss of the desired growth of the farms. The group’s diverse farming practices bolstered their resilience, enabling them to adapt and try alternative marketing strategies. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Management, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Phytoplankton communities provide insight into ecosystem functioning of the Agulhas Current system
- Authors: Gibb, Ross-Lynne Alida
- Date: 2023-03-31
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422646 , vital:71965
- Description: Access restricted. Embargoed until 2025. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-31
- Authors: Gibb, Ross-Lynne Alida
- Date: 2023-03-31
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422646 , vital:71965
- Description: Access restricted. Embargoed until 2025. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-31
Efffectiveness of using the strategy instructions approach (SIA) in teaching reading comprehension: A stud of selected schools in the Amathole East District
- Authors: Senye-Awudi, Patrick Kwabla
- Date: 2023-00
- Subjects: Direct Marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Strategy instructions approach (SIA) , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/10747 , vital:75216
- Description: This study sought to explore the effectiveness of using the strategy instructions approach (SIA) to teaching reading comprehension. This research was necessitated by the fact that most South African children do not perform well when it comes to reading comprehension. Many researchers from the literature, such as Rule (2017) and Pretorius and Klapwijk (2016), revealed that most language teachers, especially English First Additional Language teachers, do not have adequate skills to teach learners reading comprehension effectively. Even though in the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) document, which should serve as the ultimate guide for teaching English, some strategies are clearly spelt out to be used to teach reading comprehension, the teachers do not use them. This study used the SIA, which contains some of those strategies in the CAPS documents to teach the reading comprehension to grade 8 learners in Elliotdale CMC in the Amathole East District of the Eastern Cape of the Republic of South Africa. The study also sought to find out if SIA could develop positive attitudes and autonomy in the learners towards reading comprehension. The constructivist theory of learning and the schema theory of teaching reading comprehension were the two theories that underpinned the study. A control group and an experimental group (sampled from three schools) were used to determine the effectiveness of SIA when compared to the traditional teaching approaches used by teachers to teach reading comprehension. The study revealed that the use of SIA to teach reading comprehension developed positive attitudes and autonomy in reading comprehension. Finally, SIA has become effective to increase the performance of learners in reading comprehension. The study recommends that teachers should be trained in the higher institutions to use SIA to teach reading comprehension and teachers in the field should be developed to learn how to use the strategies to teach reading comprehension. In addition, more hours should be allocated on the school timetables for teaching reading comprehension. Finally, more reading materials, together with more reading activities, should be given to learners in the schools, especially schools in the rural areas. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
- Authors: Senye-Awudi, Patrick Kwabla
- Date: 2023-00
- Subjects: Direct Marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Strategy instructions approach (SIA) , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/10747 , vital:75216
- Description: This study sought to explore the effectiveness of using the strategy instructions approach (SIA) to teaching reading comprehension. This research was necessitated by the fact that most South African children do not perform well when it comes to reading comprehension. Many researchers from the literature, such as Rule (2017) and Pretorius and Klapwijk (2016), revealed that most language teachers, especially English First Additional Language teachers, do not have adequate skills to teach learners reading comprehension effectively. Even though in the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) document, which should serve as the ultimate guide for teaching English, some strategies are clearly spelt out to be used to teach reading comprehension, the teachers do not use them. This study used the SIA, which contains some of those strategies in the CAPS documents to teach the reading comprehension to grade 8 learners in Elliotdale CMC in the Amathole East District of the Eastern Cape of the Republic of South Africa. The study also sought to find out if SIA could develop positive attitudes and autonomy in the learners towards reading comprehension. The constructivist theory of learning and the schema theory of teaching reading comprehension were the two theories that underpinned the study. A control group and an experimental group (sampled from three schools) were used to determine the effectiveness of SIA when compared to the traditional teaching approaches used by teachers to teach reading comprehension. The study revealed that the use of SIA to teach reading comprehension developed positive attitudes and autonomy in reading comprehension. Finally, SIA has become effective to increase the performance of learners in reading comprehension. The study recommends that teachers should be trained in the higher institutions to use SIA to teach reading comprehension and teachers in the field should be developed to learn how to use the strategies to teach reading comprehension. In addition, more hours should be allocated on the school timetables for teaching reading comprehension. Finally, more reading materials, together with more reading activities, should be given to learners in the schools, especially schools in the rural areas. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
An investigation into the force-EMG relationship for static and dynamic exertions
- Koekemoer, Wesley Agosthinho
- Authors: Koekemoer, Wesley Agosthinho
- Date: 2022-04-06
- Subjects: Electromyography , Force and energy , Muscles Physiology , Biomechanics , Muscle contraction , Isometric exercise , Isotonic exercise , Static and dynamic exertions
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/291076 , vital:56816
- Description: The force-EMG relationship has multiple applications in varying fields of study and practice. One such application is the development of safety guidelines and regulations. Current guidelines are based on static muscle actions even though the majority of tasks encountered in industry are dynamic in nature. This may have negative implications for the health, safety, and productivity of workers as regulations based on static muscle actions may place higher force demands on manual labourers compared to what would be expected if regulations were based on dynamic muscle actions. Regulations based on dynamic muscle actions may be more effective in worker safety as the nature of the regulation matches that of the demand. Few studies have investigated the force-EMG relationship during dynamic muscle actions and the few that do exist have reported contradictory / mixed results. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to: 1) gain an understanding of EMG responses at different load levels, and 2) show how the relationship differs between static and dynamic muscle actions. A two-factorial repeated-measures experiment was developed for this study. Eighteen experimental conditions, utilizing six load levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of maximum voluntary force) for each of the three muscle actions (isometric, concentric and eccentric). Surface EMG responses were obtained under these conditions by repeatedly dorsiflexing and plantarflexing the foot, thus activating the soleus muscle. A maximum voluntary exertion on an isokinetic dynamometer determined the maximum force level, based on which the sub-maximal loads were calculated and added to a pulley system. 31 student participants were recruited for this experiment which was conducted over two sessions – one information and habituation session, and one experimental session. The EMG data recorded were processed and checked for normality and outliers. The data was then analysed via a General Linear Model analysis to determine the effect of exertion type and of load level on the muscle activity. Significant differences were identified at p<0.05 and followed by a Tukey post-hoc test. Correlation analyses were also conducted to determine the relationship between the force and EMG at all three exertion types. All dependent measures showed that as the load level increased so did the sEMG amplitude for all muscle actions. Muscle actions differed significantly between majority of six force levels. Correlations between the load levels and sEMG amplitude for each muscle action indicated a significant correlation with a moderate strength. The conclusion draws from this study that there is a positive correlation between force and sEMG amplitude, at all load levels, with a moderate strength. However, the muscle actions differed significantly from each other. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04-06
- Authors: Koekemoer, Wesley Agosthinho
- Date: 2022-04-06
- Subjects: Electromyography , Force and energy , Muscles Physiology , Biomechanics , Muscle contraction , Isometric exercise , Isotonic exercise , Static and dynamic exertions
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/291076 , vital:56816
- Description: The force-EMG relationship has multiple applications in varying fields of study and practice. One such application is the development of safety guidelines and regulations. Current guidelines are based on static muscle actions even though the majority of tasks encountered in industry are dynamic in nature. This may have negative implications for the health, safety, and productivity of workers as regulations based on static muscle actions may place higher force demands on manual labourers compared to what would be expected if regulations were based on dynamic muscle actions. Regulations based on dynamic muscle actions may be more effective in worker safety as the nature of the regulation matches that of the demand. Few studies have investigated the force-EMG relationship during dynamic muscle actions and the few that do exist have reported contradictory / mixed results. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to: 1) gain an understanding of EMG responses at different load levels, and 2) show how the relationship differs between static and dynamic muscle actions. A two-factorial repeated-measures experiment was developed for this study. Eighteen experimental conditions, utilizing six load levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of maximum voluntary force) for each of the three muscle actions (isometric, concentric and eccentric). Surface EMG responses were obtained under these conditions by repeatedly dorsiflexing and plantarflexing the foot, thus activating the soleus muscle. A maximum voluntary exertion on an isokinetic dynamometer determined the maximum force level, based on which the sub-maximal loads were calculated and added to a pulley system. 31 student participants were recruited for this experiment which was conducted over two sessions – one information and habituation session, and one experimental session. The EMG data recorded were processed and checked for normality and outliers. The data was then analysed via a General Linear Model analysis to determine the effect of exertion type and of load level on the muscle activity. Significant differences were identified at p<0.05 and followed by a Tukey post-hoc test. Correlation analyses were also conducted to determine the relationship between the force and EMG at all three exertion types. All dependent measures showed that as the load level increased so did the sEMG amplitude for all muscle actions. Muscle actions differed significantly between majority of six force levels. Correlations between the load levels and sEMG amplitude for each muscle action indicated a significant correlation with a moderate strength. The conclusion draws from this study that there is a positive correlation between force and sEMG amplitude, at all load levels, with a moderate strength. However, the muscle actions differed significantly from each other. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04-06
The influence of financial socialisation agents on financial knowledge, financial self-efficacy and financial behaviour among South African consumers
- Authors: Maswena, Kaelo
- Date: 2022-04-06
- Subjects: Financial literacy South Africa , Finance, Personal South Africa , Budgets, Personal South Africa , Consumer behavior South Africa , Consumers Attitudes , Life skills South Africa , Social learning South Africa , Self-control South Africa , Socialization South Africa , Financial socialisation agents
- Language: English
- Type: Master's thesis , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/232421 , vital:49990
- Description: There is a need to promote positive financial behaviour in South Africa. According to the Human Sciences Research Council (2018), South African financial behaviour culture emphasises a financially vulnerable nation in terms of not having enough income for future planning and lacking financial self-control. In its key role in influencing financial behaviour, financial socialisation, which is characterised by interactions with indirect, or purposive financial education and communication of financial norms influencing financial behaviours, attitudes, knowledge, capabilities, and self-efficacy of consumers, is the topic of this study. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of financial socialisation agents on financial (actual and self-assessed) knowledge, financial self-efficacy and financial behaviour among South African consumers. Based on Glenn’s (2018) framework, Xiao et al. (2009) socialisation and Moschis et al. (1978) consumer socialisation theory, the financial socialisation theoretical framework is provided for this study. Literature review provided an overview of past studies on the concepts of financial socialisation, financial (actual and self-assessed) knowledge, financial self-efficacy and financial behaviour. Therefore, a positivistic research paradigm was adopted, which used a cross-sectional correlational research methodology. This study analysed data primarily collected by a questionnaire survey of South African social attitudes to financial literacy by the Human Sciences Research Council (2011), using a multi-staged sampling technique in all South African provinces of consumers of 16 years and older. Descriptive statistics showed that most respondents were black African females between the ages of 26 and 35 years. Most held Matric certificates and were in paid employment for 30 hours or more per week. Most respondents considered family to be the most influential financial socialisation agent, followed by friends, then the bank. Actual financial knowledge of respondents, was indicated as relatively high. Results on self-assessed financial knowledge showed that most of the respondents considered their level of financial knowledge to be neutral. Using Pearson product-moment correlations to measure the strength and correlations of relationships, positive significant correlations were found between financial socialisation agents, financial (actual and self-assessed) knowledge and financial self-efficacy, while a negative and insignificant correlation was found between financial socialisation agents and financial behaviour. Multiple regression analysis results testing the hypotheses of the study demonstrated that financial socialisation agents have a significant positive influence on financial (actual and self-assessed) knowledge and financial self-efficacy; a significant influence on financial behaviour was not reported. Self-assessed financial knowledge showed a positive significant influence on financial self-efficacy and actual financial knowledge had an insignificant negative influence on financial self-efficacy. Actual financial knowledge had a significant positive influence on financial behaviour, whereby a positive yet insignificant relationship was found between self-assessed knowledge and financial behaviour. In the end, recommendations for the results indicate that financial educators need to develop a financial education plan that will include other content areas of financial knowledge such as identified by Huston (2010) and Lusardi and Mitchell (2011); the most important recommendation would be to help consumers have an accurate understanding of their own level of financial knowledge and to improve financial self-efficacy in consumers, financial socialisation experiences such as offering encouragement to open a bank account, to save and invest money, and presenting opportunities to practise financial skills, may increase consumers’ self-efficacy and lead to positive financial behaviours. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Management, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04-06
- Authors: Maswena, Kaelo
- Date: 2022-04-06
- Subjects: Financial literacy South Africa , Finance, Personal South Africa , Budgets, Personal South Africa , Consumer behavior South Africa , Consumers Attitudes , Life skills South Africa , Social learning South Africa , Self-control South Africa , Socialization South Africa , Financial socialisation agents
- Language: English
- Type: Master's thesis , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/232421 , vital:49990
- Description: There is a need to promote positive financial behaviour in South Africa. According to the Human Sciences Research Council (2018), South African financial behaviour culture emphasises a financially vulnerable nation in terms of not having enough income for future planning and lacking financial self-control. In its key role in influencing financial behaviour, financial socialisation, which is characterised by interactions with indirect, or purposive financial education and communication of financial norms influencing financial behaviours, attitudes, knowledge, capabilities, and self-efficacy of consumers, is the topic of this study. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of financial socialisation agents on financial (actual and self-assessed) knowledge, financial self-efficacy and financial behaviour among South African consumers. Based on Glenn’s (2018) framework, Xiao et al. (2009) socialisation and Moschis et al. (1978) consumer socialisation theory, the financial socialisation theoretical framework is provided for this study. Literature review provided an overview of past studies on the concepts of financial socialisation, financial (actual and self-assessed) knowledge, financial self-efficacy and financial behaviour. Therefore, a positivistic research paradigm was adopted, which used a cross-sectional correlational research methodology. This study analysed data primarily collected by a questionnaire survey of South African social attitudes to financial literacy by the Human Sciences Research Council (2011), using a multi-staged sampling technique in all South African provinces of consumers of 16 years and older. Descriptive statistics showed that most respondents were black African females between the ages of 26 and 35 years. Most held Matric certificates and were in paid employment for 30 hours or more per week. Most respondents considered family to be the most influential financial socialisation agent, followed by friends, then the bank. Actual financial knowledge of respondents, was indicated as relatively high. Results on self-assessed financial knowledge showed that most of the respondents considered their level of financial knowledge to be neutral. Using Pearson product-moment correlations to measure the strength and correlations of relationships, positive significant correlations were found between financial socialisation agents, financial (actual and self-assessed) knowledge and financial self-efficacy, while a negative and insignificant correlation was found between financial socialisation agents and financial behaviour. Multiple regression analysis results testing the hypotheses of the study demonstrated that financial socialisation agents have a significant positive influence on financial (actual and self-assessed) knowledge and financial self-efficacy; a significant influence on financial behaviour was not reported. Self-assessed financial knowledge showed a positive significant influence on financial self-efficacy and actual financial knowledge had an insignificant negative influence on financial self-efficacy. Actual financial knowledge had a significant positive influence on financial behaviour, whereby a positive yet insignificant relationship was found between self-assessed knowledge and financial behaviour. In the end, recommendations for the results indicate that financial educators need to develop a financial education plan that will include other content areas of financial knowledge such as identified by Huston (2010) and Lusardi and Mitchell (2011); the most important recommendation would be to help consumers have an accurate understanding of their own level of financial knowledge and to improve financial self-efficacy in consumers, financial socialisation experiences such as offering encouragement to open a bank account, to save and invest money, and presenting opportunities to practise financial skills, may increase consumers’ self-efficacy and lead to positive financial behaviours. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Management, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04-06
Job satisfaction at a public hospital in the Nelson Mandela Bay: Lived experiences of professional nurses
- Authors: Vamva, Valencia Nomawethu
- Date: 2019-12
- Subjects: Nursing -- Job satisfaction -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public hospitals -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Public health Nursing
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60843 , vital:67951
- Description: Job satisfaction has been recognised as one of the most important factors influencing a nurse’s desire to remain in the nursing profession. Nurses play a pivotal role in determining the efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of the healthcare system. Understanding the job satisfaction of professional nurses in public hospitals is critical because it has a direct relationship with turnover rates. The aim of the study was to explore the lived experiences of professional nurses at a public hospital in the Nelson Mandela Bay. The research design was a qualitative, descriptive phenomenological design. The research population for this study was professional nurses in a public hospital of the Nelson Mandela Bay. A non-probability, purposive sampling method was used. The data collection method for this study was face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with the professional nurses. Trustworthiness was based on the four criteria of trustworthiness which are: credibility, dependability, transferability and confirmability. The ethical standards for this study were based on the three principles of the Belmont Report which are respect for persons, beneficence and justice. Professional nurses are important in the health care system because of their provision of adequate health care. Literature has indicated that the public sector hospitals of South Africa have many challenges. The challenges faced by these public sector hospitals may affect the nurses’ job satisfaction, their performance and the quality of care. This study was helpful as it explored the experiences of professional nurses regarding job satisfaction in a public hospital of the Nelson Mandela Bay. The professional nurses highlighted the aspects of their work environment that influenced their job satisfaction and recommendations were made to resolve the situation. These were the need for sufficient staff, adequate salaries, a management-staff bond, continuous development of staff, the need for supervisors to monitor staff tardiness, sufficient resources and their maintenance, improvement of hospital infrastructure and ensuring staff safety. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-12
- Authors: Vamva, Valencia Nomawethu
- Date: 2019-12
- Subjects: Nursing -- Job satisfaction -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public hospitals -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Public health Nursing
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60843 , vital:67951
- Description: Job satisfaction has been recognised as one of the most important factors influencing a nurse’s desire to remain in the nursing profession. Nurses play a pivotal role in determining the efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of the healthcare system. Understanding the job satisfaction of professional nurses in public hospitals is critical because it has a direct relationship with turnover rates. The aim of the study was to explore the lived experiences of professional nurses at a public hospital in the Nelson Mandela Bay. The research design was a qualitative, descriptive phenomenological design. The research population for this study was professional nurses in a public hospital of the Nelson Mandela Bay. A non-probability, purposive sampling method was used. The data collection method for this study was face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with the professional nurses. Trustworthiness was based on the four criteria of trustworthiness which are: credibility, dependability, transferability and confirmability. The ethical standards for this study were based on the three principles of the Belmont Report which are respect for persons, beneficence and justice. Professional nurses are important in the health care system because of their provision of adequate health care. Literature has indicated that the public sector hospitals of South Africa have many challenges. The challenges faced by these public sector hospitals may affect the nurses’ job satisfaction, their performance and the quality of care. This study was helpful as it explored the experiences of professional nurses regarding job satisfaction in a public hospital of the Nelson Mandela Bay. The professional nurses highlighted the aspects of their work environment that influenced their job satisfaction and recommendations were made to resolve the situation. These were the need for sufficient staff, adequate salaries, a management-staff bond, continuous development of staff, the need for supervisors to monitor staff tardiness, sufficient resources and their maintenance, improvement of hospital infrastructure and ensuring staff safety. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-12
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