Exploring suicide ideation and depression among university students: a systematic review
- Jarana, Luyanda https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-8302
- Authors: Jarana, Luyanda https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-8302
- Date: 2022-02
- Subjects: Suicide , Depression in adolescence
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23698 , vital:58580
- Description: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among the youth and university students. The aim of this study was to explore knowledge that is available in published literature on suicide ideation and depression among university students in the South African context. This study utilised a systematic review in exploring suicide ideation and depression among university students so that knowledge and awareness about the prevalence of and factors associated with suicide ideation and depression among young people at university could be established. Method: A systematic review was the methodology used in the study. The main aim of the systematic review was to answer the research question that was formulated through the Patient of interest, Intervention, Comparison intervention and Outcome of interest (PICO) format. After the research question was formulated, 100 articles were collected through PsycInfo, Google Scholar, Ebscohost, Research Gate, and Taylor and Francis websites. From the 100 articles, five articles which met the inclusion criteria were selected with guidance from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) flow chart. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) screening checklist was used to verify the eligibility of the five selected articles. Results: Three themes, which are effectiveness of psychological interventions, students who do not seek psychological interventions and decrease in suicide ideation and depression after intervention emerged from the eligible articles. The themes answered the research question and confirmed that psychological and psychosocial interventions decrease the rate of suicide ideation and depression among university students. The most effective interventions were individual therapy and online counselling. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-02
- Authors: Jarana, Luyanda https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-8302
- Date: 2022-02
- Subjects: Suicide , Depression in adolescence
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23698 , vital:58580
- Description: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among the youth and university students. The aim of this study was to explore knowledge that is available in published literature on suicide ideation and depression among university students in the South African context. This study utilised a systematic review in exploring suicide ideation and depression among university students so that knowledge and awareness about the prevalence of and factors associated with suicide ideation and depression among young people at university could be established. Method: A systematic review was the methodology used in the study. The main aim of the systematic review was to answer the research question that was formulated through the Patient of interest, Intervention, Comparison intervention and Outcome of interest (PICO) format. After the research question was formulated, 100 articles were collected through PsycInfo, Google Scholar, Ebscohost, Research Gate, and Taylor and Francis websites. From the 100 articles, five articles which met the inclusion criteria were selected with guidance from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) flow chart. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) screening checklist was used to verify the eligibility of the five selected articles. Results: Three themes, which are effectiveness of psychological interventions, students who do not seek psychological interventions and decrease in suicide ideation and depression after intervention emerged from the eligible articles. The themes answered the research question and confirmed that psychological and psychosocial interventions decrease the rate of suicide ideation and depression among university students. The most effective interventions were individual therapy and online counselling. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-02
Estimating activity patterns in camera trap studies, and the overlap between domestic and indigenous ungulates
- Authors: Peral, Christopher Michael
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Ungulates -- Behavior -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52019 , vital:43437
- Description: Animal activity can reveal responses to social and ecological factors such as the presence of food, water, shelter, predators, competitors or conspecifics. Thus, an understanding of an animal’s activity patterns provides insights into how and why they are using landscapes in the manner in which they do. Camera trap surveys, typically used to record the occurrence of species of interest, are also an efficient way to collect data regarding animal activity patterns but require robust analytical methods. The analysis of camera trap data requires assumptions that may differ for camera trap surveys that estimate occurrence or activity. One such assumption is temporal independence. This refers to the removal of images within a specified time interval, as these images are assumed to be images of the same individual. This assumption stems from the use of-time-to-independence in occurrence or density-based studies, where it reduces overestimation of animal counts. In studies of animal activity, this assumption is generally used, even though animal behaviour or activity occurs continuously over time and as such should be measured over time. I analysed 112 467 images of eight cooccurring species, to test the effect across various times to independence, these being set at 1, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes. Time-to-independence resulted in significant loss of data and biased the interpretation of the activity patterns of species and interactions amongst species, particularly for herbivorous social species. In light of these findings, activity pattern estimates based on camera trap studies should be cautious when using time-to-independence. I then explore ‘habitat use’ in space and time by domestic and indigenous ungulates using a camera trap survey. Domestic ungulates (livestock) have become common place on rangelands and may compete with native species. It was hypothesised that there will be overlap in habitat use by livestock and indigenous ungulates. My results show that indigenous ungulate species, particularly larger species such as kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis), changed their spatial and temporal use as a result of the presence of domestic ungulates. Other smaller indigenous ungulates, such as steenbok (Raphicerus campestris) and duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia), were less affected by the presence of livestock. Kudu were found to use more open habitats at different times whilst springbok used more dense habitats at different times in the presence of livestock. This supports the hypothesis of competition between livestock and indigenous ungulates. This study provides novel insight into the analysis and interpretation of activity patterns based on camera trap surveys. Additionally, this study demonstrates the competitive displacement between domestic and indigenous ungulate species. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Peral, Christopher Michael
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Ungulates -- Behavior -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52019 , vital:43437
- Description: Animal activity can reveal responses to social and ecological factors such as the presence of food, water, shelter, predators, competitors or conspecifics. Thus, an understanding of an animal’s activity patterns provides insights into how and why they are using landscapes in the manner in which they do. Camera trap surveys, typically used to record the occurrence of species of interest, are also an efficient way to collect data regarding animal activity patterns but require robust analytical methods. The analysis of camera trap data requires assumptions that may differ for camera trap surveys that estimate occurrence or activity. One such assumption is temporal independence. This refers to the removal of images within a specified time interval, as these images are assumed to be images of the same individual. This assumption stems from the use of-time-to-independence in occurrence or density-based studies, where it reduces overestimation of animal counts. In studies of animal activity, this assumption is generally used, even though animal behaviour or activity occurs continuously over time and as such should be measured over time. I analysed 112 467 images of eight cooccurring species, to test the effect across various times to independence, these being set at 1, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes. Time-to-independence resulted in significant loss of data and biased the interpretation of the activity patterns of species and interactions amongst species, particularly for herbivorous social species. In light of these findings, activity pattern estimates based on camera trap studies should be cautious when using time-to-independence. I then explore ‘habitat use’ in space and time by domestic and indigenous ungulates using a camera trap survey. Domestic ungulates (livestock) have become common place on rangelands and may compete with native species. It was hypothesised that there will be overlap in habitat use by livestock and indigenous ungulates. My results show that indigenous ungulate species, particularly larger species such as kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis), changed their spatial and temporal use as a result of the presence of domestic ungulates. Other smaller indigenous ungulates, such as steenbok (Raphicerus campestris) and duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia), were less affected by the presence of livestock. Kudu were found to use more open habitats at different times whilst springbok used more dense habitats at different times in the presence of livestock. This supports the hypothesis of competition between livestock and indigenous ungulates. This study provides novel insight into the analysis and interpretation of activity patterns based on camera trap surveys. Additionally, this study demonstrates the competitive displacement between domestic and indigenous ungulate species. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
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