Ecosystem disservices matter when valuing ecosystem benefits from small-scale arable agriculture:
- Herd-Hoare, Shannon C, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Herd-Hoare, Shannon C , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175744 , vital:42620 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101201
- Description: The contribution of ecosystem services to smallholder agriculture is widely recognised. However, they are seldom analysed in tandem with the ecosystem disservices, such as crop weeds and pests, which the same systems produce. We do so by quantifying the provisioning ecosystem services and disservices in smallholder arable agricultural systems in three rural villages in southeastern South Africa. Using a mixed methods approach we consider the relative benefits from ecosystem services after the effects of disservices, and the management and strategies that households adopt to minimise disservices. The role of ecosystem services and disservices was expressed in economic terms to provide a common framework to assess the relative magnitude of their contribution or loss.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Herd-Hoare, Shannon C , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175744 , vital:42620 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101201
- Description: The contribution of ecosystem services to smallholder agriculture is widely recognised. However, they are seldom analysed in tandem with the ecosystem disservices, such as crop weeds and pests, which the same systems produce. We do so by quantifying the provisioning ecosystem services and disservices in smallholder arable agricultural systems in three rural villages in southeastern South Africa. Using a mixed methods approach we consider the relative benefits from ecosystem services after the effects of disservices, and the management and strategies that households adopt to minimise disservices. The role of ecosystem services and disservices was expressed in economic terms to provide a common framework to assess the relative magnitude of their contribution or loss.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Integrating Ecosystem Services and Disservices in Valuing Smallholder Livestock and Poultry Production in Three Villages in South Africa
- Herd-Hoare, Shannon C, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Herd-Hoare, Shannon C , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176089 , vital:42659 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126740 , https://doi.org/10.21504/RUR.c.5388515.v1
- Description: This study presents an integrated examination of both the ecosystem services (ES) and ecosystem disservices (EDS) associated with smallholder animal husbandry in rural livelihoods in three villages in southeast South Africa. It recognises the contribution of ES supporting and resulting from smallholder livestock and poultry production, but also details the limiting factors or EDS, such as tick-borne disease, birds of prey or unpalatable rangeland, produced by the same system. Using a mixed-methods approach, including focus group discussions with various Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) activities, key informant interviews, household surveys and land-use change mapping on GIS, we consider the relative value and benefits from ES after the effects of EDS, as well as the management and strategies that households adopt to minimise EDS.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Herd-Hoare, Shannon C , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176089 , vital:42659 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126740 , https://doi.org/10.21504/RUR.c.5388515.v1
- Description: This study presents an integrated examination of both the ecosystem services (ES) and ecosystem disservices (EDS) associated with smallholder animal husbandry in rural livelihoods in three villages in southeast South Africa. It recognises the contribution of ES supporting and resulting from smallholder livestock and poultry production, but also details the limiting factors or EDS, such as tick-borne disease, birds of prey or unpalatable rangeland, produced by the same system. Using a mixed-methods approach, including focus group discussions with various Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) activities, key informant interviews, household surveys and land-use change mapping on GIS, we consider the relative value and benefits from ES after the effects of EDS, as well as the management and strategies that households adopt to minimise EDS.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Maintenance of public and private urban green infrastructure provides significant employment in Eastern Cape towns, South Africa:
- King, A, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: King, A , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176074 , vital:42657 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126740
- Description: Urban green infrastructure (UGI) provides numerous environmental, social and economic benefits through direct and indirect use of ecosystem services. The maintenance of UGI also provides work opportunities for skilled and unskilled workers in the public and private sectors, so-called green collar jobs. However, the extent and benefit of such employment has rarely been examined, especially in a developing country context where unemployment is often high. We quantified the number of green collar jobs and wage levels across all green collar categories in 12 towns of the Eastern Cape via means of questionnaires and interviews. Overall, we enumerated 17 429 jobs, receiving approximately ZAR503 million (US$37 million) per year. The number of jobs was strongly linked to town size, but the number of jobs per unit area was inversely related to the level of underdevelopment or deprivation per town.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: King, A , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176074 , vital:42657 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126740
- Description: Urban green infrastructure (UGI) provides numerous environmental, social and economic benefits through direct and indirect use of ecosystem services. The maintenance of UGI also provides work opportunities for skilled and unskilled workers in the public and private sectors, so-called green collar jobs. However, the extent and benefit of such employment has rarely been examined, especially in a developing country context where unemployment is often high. We quantified the number of green collar jobs and wage levels across all green collar categories in 12 towns of the Eastern Cape via means of questionnaires and interviews. Overall, we enumerated 17 429 jobs, receiving approximately ZAR503 million (US$37 million) per year. The number of jobs was strongly linked to town size, but the number of jobs per unit area was inversely related to the level of underdevelopment or deprivation per town.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The degree, extent and value of air temperature amelioration by urban green spaces in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe:
- Ngulani, T, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Ngulani, T , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176061 , vital:42656 , https://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2019.1685405
- Description: Urban greenery provide a variety of goods and services to city dwellers. A core one is amelioration of the urban heat island effect. However, the many estimates from temperate regions cannot be extrapolated to the tropics, where more empirical studies are required to guide urban planning and optimization of green infrastructure design and distribution. This study reports on the temperature differentials in fortnightly readings, in winter and summer, between 12 urban green spaces and the surrounding built-up urban matrix at increasing distances from each green space. Additionally, the value of energy costs saved for air conditioning by urban greenery was calculated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Ngulani, T , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176061 , vital:42656 , https://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2019.1685405
- Description: Urban greenery provide a variety of goods and services to city dwellers. A core one is amelioration of the urban heat island effect. However, the many estimates from temperate regions cannot be extrapolated to the tropics, where more empirical studies are required to guide urban planning and optimization of green infrastructure design and distribution. This study reports on the temperature differentials in fortnightly readings, in winter and summer, between 12 urban green spaces and the surrounding built-up urban matrix at increasing distances from each green space. Additionally, the value of energy costs saved for air conditioning by urban greenery was calculated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The genetic legacy of fragmentation and overexploitation in the threatened medicinal African pepper-bark tree, Warburgia salutaris:
- Senkoro, Annae M, Talhinhas, Pedro, Simões, Fernanda, Batista-Santos, Paula, Shackleton, Charlie M, Voeks, Robert A, Marques, Isabel, Ribeiro-Barros, Ana I
- Authors: Senkoro, Annae M , Talhinhas, Pedro , Simões, Fernanda , Batista-Santos, Paula , Shackleton, Charlie M , Voeks, Robert A , Marques, Isabel , Ribeiro-Barros, Ana I
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176395 , vital:42690 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101201
- Description: The pepper-bark tree (Warburgia salutaris) is one of the most highly valued medicinal plant species worldwide. Native to southern Africa, this species has been extensively harvested for the bark, which is widely used in traditional health practices. Illegal harvesting coupled with habitat degradation has contributed to fragmentation of populations and a severe decline in its distribution. Even though the species is included in the IUCN Red List as Endangered, genetic data that would help conservation efforts and future re-introductions are absent. We therefore developed new molecular markers to understand patterns of genetic diversity, structure, and gene flow of W. salutaris in one of its most important areas of occurrence (Mozambique).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Senkoro, Annae M , Talhinhas, Pedro , Simões, Fernanda , Batista-Santos, Paula , Shackleton, Charlie M , Voeks, Robert A , Marques, Isabel , Ribeiro-Barros, Ana I
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176395 , vital:42690 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101201
- Description: The pepper-bark tree (Warburgia salutaris) is one of the most highly valued medicinal plant species worldwide. Native to southern Africa, this species has been extensively harvested for the bark, which is widely used in traditional health practices. Illegal harvesting coupled with habitat degradation has contributed to fragmentation of populations and a severe decline in its distribution. Even though the species is included in the IUCN Red List as Endangered, genetic data that would help conservation efforts and future re-introductions are absent. We therefore developed new molecular markers to understand patterns of genetic diversity, structure, and gene flow of W. salutaris in one of its most important areas of occurrence (Mozambique).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
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