Language rights, intercultural communication and the law in South Africa
- Kaschula, Russell H, Ralarala, Monwabisi K
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H , Ralarala, Monwabisi K
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Language policy -- South Africa , Courts interpreting and translating -- South Africa , Intercultural communication -- South Africa , Conduct of court proceedings -- South Africa , Linguistic rights -- South Africa , Multilingualism -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59434 , vital:27602 , https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2004.10587242
- Description: This article seeks to explore the present language scenario in courts of law. The article makes use of section 6 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996), as a point of departure. At face value this section seems to entrench the language rights of individuals. This would mean that individuals could request trials to be held in their mother tongues, with fluent and competent speakers of that mother tongue sitting on the bench. However, this has not materialised. Contrary to popular opinion, the article argues that individual language rights are to some extent entrenched in the Constitution, but there are no mechanisms to secure such rights in the public domain. The article argues that it is often only language privileges that are preserved in institutions such as the justice system. Legally speaking, there is an obligation on the State to provide interpreters to facilitate access to all eleven official languages in courts of law. This in itself presents numerous challenges. The article argues further that the corollary to this is that there is very little space for intercultural communication in courts of law (as defined by Ting-Toomey, 1999, and Gibson, 2002). There has been little or no capacity building in this regard. It is English, to some extent Afrikaans, and the western cultural paradigm, which prevails. The result is further communication breakdown and language intolerance. In this article, the notion of language rights in courts of law is explored against the backdrop of existing theories of intercultural communication.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H , Ralarala, Monwabisi K
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Language policy -- South Africa , Courts interpreting and translating -- South Africa , Intercultural communication -- South Africa , Conduct of court proceedings -- South Africa , Linguistic rights -- South Africa , Multilingualism -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59434 , vital:27602 , https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2004.10587242
- Description: This article seeks to explore the present language scenario in courts of law. The article makes use of section 6 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996), as a point of departure. At face value this section seems to entrench the language rights of individuals. This would mean that individuals could request trials to be held in their mother tongues, with fluent and competent speakers of that mother tongue sitting on the bench. However, this has not materialised. Contrary to popular opinion, the article argues that individual language rights are to some extent entrenched in the Constitution, but there are no mechanisms to secure such rights in the public domain. The article argues that it is often only language privileges that are preserved in institutions such as the justice system. Legally speaking, there is an obligation on the State to provide interpreters to facilitate access to all eleven official languages in courts of law. This in itself presents numerous challenges. The article argues further that the corollary to this is that there is very little space for intercultural communication in courts of law (as defined by Ting-Toomey, 1999, and Gibson, 2002). There has been little or no capacity building in this regard. It is English, to some extent Afrikaans, and the western cultural paradigm, which prevails. The result is further communication breakdown and language intolerance. In this article, the notion of language rights in courts of law is explored against the backdrop of existing theories of intercultural communication.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Asthenospheric and lithospheric sources for Mesozoic dolerites from Liberia (Africa): trace element and isotopic evidence
- Dupuy, C, Marsh, Julian S, Dostal, J, Michard, A, Testa, S
- Authors: Dupuy, C , Marsh, Julian S , Dostal, J , Michard, A , Testa, S
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/140422 , vital:37887 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(88)90067-2
- Description: Combined elemental, and Sr and Nd isotopic data are presented for Mesozoic dolerite dikes of Liberia (Africa) which are related to the initial stage of opening of the Atlantic Ocean.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Dupuy, C , Marsh, Julian S , Dostal, J , Michard, A , Testa, S
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/140422 , vital:37887 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(88)90067-2
- Description: Combined elemental, and Sr and Nd isotopic data are presented for Mesozoic dolerite dikes of Liberia (Africa) which are related to the initial stage of opening of the Atlantic Ocean.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2002
Geochemical constraints on coupled assimilation and fractional crystallization involving upper crustal compositions and continental tholeiitic magma
- Authors: Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/140432 , vital:37888 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(89)90021-6
- Description: The commonly analyzed trace elements in tholeiites can be subdivided into three groups depending on their sense of enrichment or depletion in upper continental crust in relation to fractional crystallization. Lithophile incompatible elements are enriched in crustal rocks and by fractional crystallization, whereas compatible transition elements such as Ni and Cr are depleted. A small third group comprising Ti, V, Fe, and sometimes P, enrich with crystallization but are depleted in the crust.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/140432 , vital:37888 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(89)90021-6
- Description: The commonly analyzed trace elements in tholeiites can be subdivided into three groups depending on their sense of enrichment or depletion in upper continental crust in relation to fractional crystallization. Lithophile incompatible elements are enriched in crustal rocks and by fractional crystallization, whereas compatible transition elements such as Ni and Cr are depleted. A small third group comprising Ti, V, Fe, and sometimes P, enrich with crystallization but are depleted in the crust.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2002
Behavioural interactions of predators and spawning chokka squid off South Africa: towards quantification
- Smale, Malcolm J, Sauer, Warwick H H, Roberts, M
- Authors: Smale, Malcolm J , Sauer, Warwick H H , Roberts, M
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123921 , vital:35516 , https://doi.10.1007/s002270100664
- Description: The interaction of a suite of predators with mating and spawning chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) was studied at inshore (<50 m) spawning grounds off South Africa. This study provides the first detailed records of predator–prey interactions of squids on their spawning grounds and is the first attempt to time disruptions caused by predators to the egg-laying behaviour of squids, thereby quantifying the perceived threat to the prey. The squids are focused on mate choice and reproduction while they aggregate over egg beds and they may be more vulnerable to predation than at other times. Their vulnerability to different predators in the field is examined and the tactics used against different predatory species are illustrated using recordings made with underwater video cameras. Predators recorded included two cephalopods (Octopus vulgaris and L. v. reynaudii), five teleosts (Pagellus bellotii natalensis, Spondyliosoma emarginatum, Pachymetopon aeneum, Cheimerius nufar and Pomatomus saltatrix), seven chondrichthyians (Squalus megalops, Mustelus mustelus, Carcharias taurus, Dasyatis brevicaudata, Gymnura natalensis, Poroderma africanum and P. pantherinum) and three marine mammals (Arctocephalus puscillus, Tursiops aduncus and Delphinus delphis). Analysis of behavioural interactions between predators and prey showed that predator disruption of egg laying may be quantified in terms of time. Marine mammals caused the most acute disruption, whereas other taxa had more chronic disruption effects because they spent more time on the spawning grounds. During November 1995, the suite of predators changed during the course of a 2-day period of underwater video recording, possibly because of an increase in water temperature. The hypothesis that predators would be concentrated around a spawning aggregation was tested by surveying the spawning ground using an underwater camera towed by a boat navigating with differential GPS. The results supported the hypothesis because predators were located only around the spawning sites. The serial spawning of chokka squids in recently upwelled water may reduce predation pressure. Furthermore, it may be difficult for predators to predict the specific spawning site on a particular day because squids disperse away from egg beds at night and use numerous spawning sites along the coast.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Smale, Malcolm J , Sauer, Warwick H H , Roberts, M
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123921 , vital:35516 , https://doi.10.1007/s002270100664
- Description: The interaction of a suite of predators with mating and spawning chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) was studied at inshore (<50 m) spawning grounds off South Africa. This study provides the first detailed records of predator–prey interactions of squids on their spawning grounds and is the first attempt to time disruptions caused by predators to the egg-laying behaviour of squids, thereby quantifying the perceived threat to the prey. The squids are focused on mate choice and reproduction while they aggregate over egg beds and they may be more vulnerable to predation than at other times. Their vulnerability to different predators in the field is examined and the tactics used against different predatory species are illustrated using recordings made with underwater video cameras. Predators recorded included two cephalopods (Octopus vulgaris and L. v. reynaudii), five teleosts (Pagellus bellotii natalensis, Spondyliosoma emarginatum, Pachymetopon aeneum, Cheimerius nufar and Pomatomus saltatrix), seven chondrichthyians (Squalus megalops, Mustelus mustelus, Carcharias taurus, Dasyatis brevicaudata, Gymnura natalensis, Poroderma africanum and P. pantherinum) and three marine mammals (Arctocephalus puscillus, Tursiops aduncus and Delphinus delphis). Analysis of behavioural interactions between predators and prey showed that predator disruption of egg laying may be quantified in terms of time. Marine mammals caused the most acute disruption, whereas other taxa had more chronic disruption effects because they spent more time on the spawning grounds. During November 1995, the suite of predators changed during the course of a 2-day period of underwater video recording, possibly because of an increase in water temperature. The hypothesis that predators would be concentrated around a spawning aggregation was tested by surveying the spawning ground using an underwater camera towed by a boat navigating with differential GPS. The results supported the hypothesis because predators were located only around the spawning sites. The serial spawning of chokka squids in recently upwelled water may reduce predation pressure. Furthermore, it may be difficult for predators to predict the specific spawning site on a particular day because squids disperse away from egg beds at night and use numerous spawning sites along the coast.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
Spatial aspects of the reproductive and feeding biology of the striped robber, Brycinus lateralis (Pisces: Characidae), in the Okavango Delta, Botswana
- Booth, Anthony J, McKinlay, Bruce W
- Authors: Booth, Anthony J , McKinlay, Bruce W
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127020 , vital:35944 , https://doi.10.1080/15627020.2001.11657111
- Description: The Okavango Delta is a vast inland wetland system situated in northern Botswana. High rainfall is received in early summer in the southern Angolan highlands and throughout the Delta with the flood waters reaching the upper riverine floodplain between March and May where it percolates through to the lower drainage rivers between July and September. Aspects of the reproductive and feeding biology of two allopatric populations of the striped robber, Brycinus lateralis, a small characin species inhabiting the northern riverine floodplain and southern drainage rivers, were investigated. Both populations were similar in the biological aspects studied, with the flood cycle having little influence on the timing of reproduction, sexual maturity and dietary composition. Female fish from both populations matured sexually at 57mmSL, breeding over a protracted period during the warm, summer months. In both populations, the sex ratio was female-dominated at 4.8:1 (riverine floodplain) and 2.2:1 (drainage rivers). The striped robber is an opportunistic micro-carnivore with immature fish feeding predominantly on Daphnia spp. and adults being largely insectivorous.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Booth, Anthony J , McKinlay, Bruce W
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127020 , vital:35944 , https://doi.10.1080/15627020.2001.11657111
- Description: The Okavango Delta is a vast inland wetland system situated in northern Botswana. High rainfall is received in early summer in the southern Angolan highlands and throughout the Delta with the flood waters reaching the upper riverine floodplain between March and May where it percolates through to the lower drainage rivers between July and September. Aspects of the reproductive and feeding biology of two allopatric populations of the striped robber, Brycinus lateralis, a small characin species inhabiting the northern riverine floodplain and southern drainage rivers, were investigated. Both populations were similar in the biological aspects studied, with the flood cycle having little influence on the timing of reproduction, sexual maturity and dietary composition. Female fish from both populations matured sexually at 57mmSL, breeding over a protracted period during the warm, summer months. In both populations, the sex ratio was female-dominated at 4.8:1 (riverine floodplain) and 2.2:1 (drainage rivers). The striped robber is an opportunistic micro-carnivore with immature fish feeding predominantly on Daphnia spp. and adults being largely insectivorous.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
On the life history of a cyprinid fish, Labeo cylindricus
- Weyl, Olaf L F, Booth, Anthony J
- Authors: Weyl, Olaf L F , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125408 , vital:35780 , https://doi.10.1023/A:1007543319416
- Description: Fishes of the genus Labeo are widely distributed throughout Africa and consist of at least 80 species which comprise 16.4% of the African cyprinid ichthyofauna (Reid 1985). Most labeo species are also commercially important throughout the African continent, having contributed significantly to various fisheries. Their roe (sensu caviar) is often harvested as an additional bycatch (Skelton et al. 1991). Despite their obvious importance, the few studies that have investigated aspects of their life history have been conducted on the larger commercial species (Lowe 1952, Mulder 1973, Balon et al. 1974, Potgieter 1974, Baird 1976, Tomasson et al. 1984, van Zyl et al. 1995).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Weyl, Olaf L F , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125408 , vital:35780 , https://doi.10.1023/A:1007543319416
- Description: Fishes of the genus Labeo are widely distributed throughout Africa and consist of at least 80 species which comprise 16.4% of the African cyprinid ichthyofauna (Reid 1985). Most labeo species are also commercially important throughout the African continent, having contributed significantly to various fisheries. Their roe (sensu caviar) is often harvested as an additional bycatch (Skelton et al. 1991). Despite their obvious importance, the few studies that have investigated aspects of their life history have been conducted on the larger commercial species (Lowe 1952, Mulder 1973, Balon et al. 1974, Potgieter 1974, Baird 1976, Tomasson et al. 1984, van Zyl et al. 1995).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
Problems in rural transformation in South Africa specifically in the land reform arena:
- Antrobus, Geoffrey G, Fraser, Gavin C G, Tapson, D R
- Authors: Antrobus, Geoffrey G , Fraser, Gavin C G , Tapson, D R
- Date: 1998
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143035 , vital:38195 , https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.agro-article-dc77672d-7269-4641-bf99-605eaa5fe369
- Description: Problems in rural transformation in South Africa specifically in the land reform arena
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1998
- Authors: Antrobus, Geoffrey G , Fraser, Gavin C G , Tapson, D R
- Date: 1998
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143035 , vital:38195 , https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.agro-article-dc77672d-7269-4641-bf99-605eaa5fe369
- Description: Problems in rural transformation in South Africa specifically in the land reform arena
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1998
Late Devonian charophytes from the Witteberg Group, South Africa
- Gess, Robert W, Hiller, Norton
- Authors: Gess, Robert W , Hiller, Norton
- Date: 1995
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/72742 , vital:30106 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(95)00007-8
- Description: The first record of Palaeozoic charophytes from southern Africa allows the establishment of two new genera to which are assigned four new species, Octochara crassa, O. gracilis. Hexachara setacea, and H. riniensis. Each species is represented by both vegetative and reproductive structures and suggested reconstructions are presented. Associated plant and animal remains, and the sedimentology and geochemistry of the containing rocks indicate that the charophytes probably grew in the shallow parts of a brackish coastal lagoon.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Gess, Robert W , Hiller, Norton
- Date: 1995
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/72742 , vital:30106 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(95)00007-8
- Description: The first record of Palaeozoic charophytes from southern Africa allows the establishment of two new genera to which are assigned four new species, Octochara crassa, O. gracilis. Hexachara setacea, and H. riniensis. Each species is represented by both vegetative and reproductive structures and suggested reconstructions are presented. Associated plant and animal remains, and the sedimentology and geochemistry of the containing rocks indicate that the charophytes probably grew in the shallow parts of a brackish coastal lagoon.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1995