Dimensions and indicators of non-profit financial condition: evidence from South African public universities
- Authors: Bunting, Mark B
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150296 , vital:38965 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v23i1.2974
- Description: More than three decades of research have failed to achieve convergence on a method for the measurement of non-profit financial condition, with the literature reporting a bewildering array of financial dimensions, and more than 100 ratios and indicators. This article offers a contribution to a broader discourse in non-profit financial analysis by recognising, and taking action in response to, the potential threat to research validity arising from the generally unchallenged presumption that accounting numbers provide a complete, unbiased and error-free representation of an entity’s underlying economic reality.
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- Date Issued: 2020
Effect of a low density dust shell on the propagation of gravitational waves:
- Authors: Bishop, Nigel T , van der Walt, Petrus J , Naidoo, Monos
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159935 , vital:40357 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1007/s10714-020-02740-9
- Description: Using the Bondi-Sachs formalism, the problem of a gravitational wave source surrounded by a spherical dust shell is considered. Using linearized perturbation theory, the geometry is found in the regions: in the shell, exterior to the shell, and interior to the shell. It is found that the dust shell causes the gravitational wave to be modified both in magnitude and phase, but without any energy being transferred to or from the dust.
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- Date Issued: 2020
Implementation of access and benefit-sharing measures has consequences for classical biological control of weeds:
- Authors: Silvestri, Luciano , Sosa, Alejandro , Mc Kay, Fernando , Vitorino, Marcelo D , Hill, Martin P , Zachariades, Costas , Hight, Stephen , Weyl, Philip S R , Smith, David , Djeddour, Djamila , Mason, Peter G
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150285 , vital:38964 , https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10526-019-09988-4
- Description: The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol establish that genetic resources shall be accessed only upon the existence of prior informed consent of the country that provides those resources and that benefits arising from their utilization shall be shared. Pursuant to both agreements several countries have adopted regulations on access and benefit-sharing. These regulations have created a challenging obstacle to classical biological control of weeds. This paper reviews the experiences of Argentina, Brazil, South Africa, the USA, Canada and CABI in implementing access and benefit-sharing regulations and the implications these measures have on the effective and efficient access, exchange and utilization of biological control agents.
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- Date Issued: 2020
Influence of intra-and interspecific variation in predator–prey body size ratios on trophic interaction strengths:
- Authors: Cuthbert, Ross N , Wasserman, Ryan J , Dalu, Tatenda , Kaiser, Horst , Weyl, Olaf L F , Dick, Jaimie T A , Sentis, Arnaud , McCoy, Michael W , Alexander, Mhairi E
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149358 , vital:38839 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1002/ece3.6332
- Description: Predation is a pervasive force that structures food webs and directly influences ecosystem functioning. The relative body sizes of predators and prey may be an important determinant of interaction strengths. However, studies quantifying the combined influence of intra‐ and interspecific variation in predator–prey body size ratios are lacking. We use a comparative functional response approach to examine interaction strengths between three size classes of invasive bluegill and largemouth bass toward three scaled size classes of their tilapia prey. We then quantify the influence of intra‐ and interspecific predator–prey body mass ratios on the scaling of attack rates and handling times.
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- Date Issued: 2020
Integrating livelihoods and forest conservation through beekeeping in northern KwaZulu-Natal:
- Authors: Ricketts, K , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176358 , vital:42687 , https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1698408
- Description: South Africa has potential to export honey products through promoting beekeeping as an income generating opportunity amongst rural communities. Formalised beekeeping may also reduce wild fires initiated by hunters of wild bee hives. This study examined the contribution of the African Honey Bee (AHB) initiative to rural livelihoods and the incidence of forest fires using a mixed methods approach. The initiative increased incomes of newly trained and active beekeepers, although success rates and honey yields were variable. Core challenges included not catching bees, theft and vandalism of hives, insufficient bee forage, drought and pests. Most respondents also perceived an increase in crop size since AHB began, although few attributed this to pollination from the bees. The number of wild fires attributed to honey hunters more than halved after AHB began. Future steps need to reduce the challenges and integrate beekeeping into broader agriculture and forest conservation programmes.
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- Date Issued: 2020
Intraspecific mitochondrial gene variation can be as low as that of nuclear rRNA:
- Authors: Matumba, Tshifhiwa G , Oliver, Jody , Barker, Nigel P , McQuaid, Christopher D , Teske, Peter R
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/160401 , vital:40442 , https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23635.2
- Description: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has long been used to date historical demographic events. The idea that it is useful for molecular dating rests on the premise that its evolution is neutral. Even though this idea has long been challenged, the evidence against clock-like evolution of mtDNA is often ignored. Here, we present a particularly clear and simple example to illustrate the implications of violations of the assumption of selective neutrality.
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- Date Issued: 2020
Low-frequency observations of the giant radio galaxy NGC 6251:
- Authors: Cantwell, T M , Bray, J D , Croston, J H , Scaife, A M M , Mulcahy, D D , Best, P N , Brüggen, M , Brunetti, G , Callingham, J R , Clarke, A O , Hardcastle, M J , Harwood, J J , Heald, G , Heesen, V , Iacobelli, M , Jamrozy, M , Morganti, R , Orru, E , O’Sullivan, S P , Riseley, C J , Röttgering, H J A , Shulevski, A , Sridhar, S S , Tasse, C , Van Eck, C L
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149931 , vital:38913 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1093/mnras/staa1160
- Description: We present LOFAR observations at 150 MHz of the borderline FRI/FRII giant radio galaxy NGC 6251. This paper presents the most sensitive and highest resolution images of NGC 6251 at these frequencies to date, revealing for the first time a low-surface-brightness extension to the northern lobe, and a possible backflow associated with the southern lobe. The integrated spectra of components of NGC 6251 are consistent with previous measurements at higher frequencies, similar to results from other LOFAR studies of nearby radio galaxies.
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- Date Issued: 2020
Making visible the affective dimensions of scholarship in postgraduate writing development work
- Authors: Clarence, Sherran
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/439495 , vital:73601 , https://doi.org/10.47989/kpdc63
- Description: Many university writing and student academic development centres serve both under-and postgraduate student-writers. However, it is not always clear that the training and development of those who work with writers accounts fully for the affective dimensions of postgraduate writing, specifically. Especially at the doctoral level, where an original contribution to knowledge is required, writers need to take on a confident authorial voice in their work, both written and in conversation with others. Research, however, shows that many doctoral students struggle with this. This paper argues that, to be truly successful and fit for purpose, peer writing development work needs to understand the nature of postgraduate learning and writing from more than just the technical perspective of writing a successful thesis. Writer-focused work at this level needs to account for the affective dimensions of writing and research as well, to engage students in more holistic, critical, and forward-looking conversations about their writing, and their own developing scholarly identity. The paper offers insights into the different affective dimensions of postgraduate writing, especially those under-considered in much practical work with postgraduate writers, and offers suggestions for a whole-student tutoring approach at this level.
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- Date Issued: 2020
Quality by Design Optimization of Cold Sonochemical Synthesis of Zidovudine-Lamivudine Nanosuspensions:
- Authors: Witika, Bwalya A , Smith, Vincent J , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148424 , vital:38738 , https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12040367
- Description: Lamivudine (3TC) and zidovudine (AZT) are antiviral agents used to manage HIV/AIDS infection. The compounds require frequent dosing, exhibit unpredictable bioavailability and a side effect profile that includes hepato- and haema-toxicity. A novel pseudo one-solvent bottom-up approach and Design of Experiments using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate 1000 (TPGS 1000) to electrosterically stablize the nano co-crystals was used to develop, produce and optimize 3TC and AZT nano co-crystals. Equimolar solutions of 3TC in surfactant dissolved in de-ionised water and AZT in methanol were rapidly injected into a vessel and sonicated at 4 °C.
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- Date Issued: 2020
Researching mobile phones in the everyday life of the “less connected”: the development of a New Diary Method
- Authors: de Lanerolle, Indra , Schoon, Alette , Walton, Marion
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/160413 , vital:40443 , DOI: 10.1080/23743670.2020.1813785
- Description: This article introduces our mobile diary method, a qualitative method for the study of mobile phone practices. Adapted from the diary methods of psychology and media studies audience research, it is designed to foreground tacit and mundane data about everyday mobile phone practices. The diary interview reconstructs details of the social practices of everyday life that make up each participant’s “yesterday” and situates mobile practices within this account. To illustrate the method, we provide examples from our study, Izolo, that spanned three distinct South African neighbourhoods in different parts of the country and focused on less-connected people.
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- Date Issued: 2020
The in vitro antiplasmodial and antiproliferative activity of new ferrocene-based α-aminocresols targeting hemozoin inhibition and DNA interaction:
- Authors: Mbaba, Mziyanda , Dingle, Laura M K , Swart, Tarryn , Cash, Devon , Laming, Dustin , de la Mare, Jo-Anne , Taylor, Dale , Hoppe, Heinrich C , Biot, Christophe , Edkins, Adrienne L , Khanye, Setshaba D
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149347 , vital:38827 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1002/cbic.202000132
- Description: Compounds incorporating ferrocene in a aminocresol scaffold showed antiplasmodial and anticancer activity. SAR studies revealed that an OH group and rotatable C–NH bond are vital for biological activity, with spectrophotometric techniques and docking simulations suggesting a dual mode of action involving hemozoin inhibition and DNA interaction. Targeting multiple pathways could delay the development of clinical resistance.
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- Date Issued: 2020
The privacy paradox applies to IoT devices too: a Saudi Arabian study
- Authors: Aleisa, Noura , Renaud, Karen , Bongiovanni, Ivano
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150252 , vital:38953 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2020.101897
- Description: The “privacy paradox” is the term used to describe the disconnect between self-reported privacy value attributions and actions actually taken to protect and preserve personal privacy. This phenomenon has been investigated in a number of domains and we extend the body of research with an investigation in the IoT domain. We presented participants with evidence of a specific IoT device’s (smart plug) privacy violations and then measured changes in privacy concerns and trust, as well as uptake of a range of behavioural responses. Our Saudi Arabian participants, despite expressing high levels of privacy concerns, generally chose not to respond to this evidence with preventative action.
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- Date Issued: 2020
The Privacy Paradox applies to IoT devices too: a Saudi Arabian study
- Authors: Aleisa, Noura , Renaud, Karen , Bongiovanni, Ivano
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158350 , vital:40176 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2020.101897
- Description: The “privacy paradox” is the term used to describe the disconnect between self-reported privacy value attributions and actions actually taken to protect and preserve personal privacy. This phenomenon has been investigated in a number of domains and we extend the body of research with an investigation in the IoT domain. We presented participants with evidence of a specific IoT device’s (smart plug) privacy violations and then measured changes in privacy concerns and trust, as well as uptake of a range of behavioural responses.
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- Date Issued: 2020
‘There is nothing to hold onto here’:
- Authors: Shabangu, Samuel M , Babu, Balaji , Soy, Rodah C , Managa, Muthumuni , Sekhosana, Kutloano E , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156410 , vital:39987 , DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1739273
- Description: Asymmetric mono-carboxy-porphyrins, (5-(4-carboxyphenyl)−10,15,20-tris(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinato zinc(II) (1), 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)−10,15,20-triphenylporphyrinato zinc(II) (2) and 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)−10,15,20-tris(2-thienyl)porphyrinato zinc(II) (3), were linked to Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) through amide bonds and self-assembly (the latter only for 3). The porphyrins and conjugates were used for photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) against Staphylococcus aureus. PACT uses singlet oxygen for antimicrobial activity. Complex 3 and its conjugates had higher singlet oxygen quantum yields and higher log reduction when compared with the rest of the porphyrins and corresponding conjugates. These high log reductions for 3 and its conjugate were attributed to the presence of sulfur groups whereby there was more interaction with the bacterial membrane.
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- Date Issued: 2020