AMBER force field parameters for the Zn (II) ions of the tunneling-fold enzymes GTP cyclohydrolase I and 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase:
- Khairallah, Afrah, Tastan Bishop, Özlem, Moses, Vuyani
- Authors: Khairallah, Afrah , Tastan Bishop, Özlem , Moses, Vuyani
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/163068 , vital:41009 , DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1796800
- Description: The folate biosynthesis pathway is an essential pathway for cell growth and survival. Folate derivatives serve as a source of the one-carbon units in several intracellular metabolic reactions. Rapidly dividing cells rely heavily on the availability of folate derivatives for their proliferation. As a result, drugs targeting this pathway have shown to be effective against tumor cells and pathogens, but drug resistance against the available antifolate drugs emerged quickly. Therefore, there is a need to develop new treatment strategies and identify alternative metabolic targets. The two de novo folate biosynthesis pathway enzymes, GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1) and 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS), can provide an alternative strategy to overcome the drug resistance that emerged in the two primary targeted enzymes dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Khairallah, Afrah , Tastan Bishop, Özlem , Moses, Vuyani
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/163068 , vital:41009 , DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1796800
- Description: The folate biosynthesis pathway is an essential pathway for cell growth and survival. Folate derivatives serve as a source of the one-carbon units in several intracellular metabolic reactions. Rapidly dividing cells rely heavily on the availability of folate derivatives for their proliferation. As a result, drugs targeting this pathway have shown to be effective against tumor cells and pathogens, but drug resistance against the available antifolate drugs emerged quickly. Therefore, there is a need to develop new treatment strategies and identify alternative metabolic targets. The two de novo folate biosynthesis pathway enzymes, GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1) and 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS), can provide an alternative strategy to overcome the drug resistance that emerged in the two primary targeted enzymes dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Creating learning and action space in South Africa’s post-apartheid land redistribution program:
- Authors: Kepe, Thembela , Hall, Ruth
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/163842 , vital:41075 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1177/1476750317705966
- Description: This paper uses the case of South Africa’s latest land redistribution strategy known as the Proactive Land Acquisition Strategy, to explore whether, and how, research can have direct and positive impacts on beneficiaries of land reform. The study is situated within the practice of action research: to explore how it can generate knowledge that can be shared back and forth between stakeholders, as well as how it may ignite changes that the participants desire.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Kepe, Thembela , Hall, Ruth
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/163842 , vital:41075 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1177/1476750317705966
- Description: This paper uses the case of South Africa’s latest land redistribution strategy known as the Proactive Land Acquisition Strategy, to explore whether, and how, research can have direct and positive impacts on beneficiaries of land reform. The study is situated within the practice of action research: to explore how it can generate knowledge that can be shared back and forth between stakeholders, as well as how it may ignite changes that the participants desire.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Determining the unbinding events and conserved motions associated with the pyrazinamide release due to resistance mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pyrazinamidase:
- Amamuddy, Olivier S, Musyoka, Thommas M, Boateng, Rita A, Zabo, Sophakama, Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Authors: Amamuddy, Olivier S , Musyoka, Thommas M , Boateng, Rita A , Zabo, Sophakama , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148869 , vital:38781 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2020.05.0099
- Description: Pyrazinamide (PZA) is the only first-line antitubercular drug active against latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It is activated to pyrazinoic acid by the pncA-encoded pyrazinamidase enzyme (PZase). Despite the emergence of PZA drug resistance, the underlying mechanisms of resistance remain unclear. This study investigated part of these mechanisms by modelling a PZA-bound wild type and 82 mutant PZase structures before applying molecular dynamics (MD) with an accurate Fe2+ cofactor coordination geometry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Amamuddy, Olivier S , Musyoka, Thommas M , Boateng, Rita A , Zabo, Sophakama , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148869 , vital:38781 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2020.05.0099
- Description: Pyrazinamide (PZA) is the only first-line antitubercular drug active against latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It is activated to pyrazinoic acid by the pncA-encoded pyrazinamidase enzyme (PZase). Despite the emergence of PZA drug resistance, the underlying mechanisms of resistance remain unclear. This study investigated part of these mechanisms by modelling a PZA-bound wild type and 82 mutant PZase structures before applying molecular dynamics (MD) with an accurate Fe2+ cofactor coordination geometry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Electricity use behaviour in a high-income neighbourhood in Johannesburg, South Africa:
- Williams, Stephanie P, Thondhlana, Gladman, Kua, Harn W
- Authors: Williams, Stephanie P , Thondhlana, Gladman , Kua, Harn W
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149725 , vital:38878 , https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114571
- Description: Worldwide, households’ consumption of electricity contributes to a substantial proportion of total national energy demand. Thus, the residential sector is a major entity in efforts to define and achieve global sustainability goals. Understanding electricity use behaviour and factors underlying behaviour is critical for designing behaviour change interventions, particularly in contexts characterised by fast-growing economies, burgeoning number of high-income households, and consumption growth. However, relative to developed economies, very little is known on this subject in South Africa. Using structured questionnaires, this study examines electricity use behaviour among high-income households in Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Williams, Stephanie P , Thondhlana, Gladman , Kua, Harn W
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149725 , vital:38878 , https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114571
- Description: Worldwide, households’ consumption of electricity contributes to a substantial proportion of total national energy demand. Thus, the residential sector is a major entity in efforts to define and achieve global sustainability goals. Understanding electricity use behaviour and factors underlying behaviour is critical for designing behaviour change interventions, particularly in contexts characterised by fast-growing economies, burgeoning number of high-income households, and consumption growth. However, relative to developed economies, very little is known on this subject in South Africa. Using structured questionnaires, this study examines electricity use behaviour among high-income households in Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Foraging wild food in urban spaces: The contribution of wild foods to urban dietary diversity in South Africa
- Garekae, Hesekia, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Garekae, Hesekia , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176368 , vital:42688 , https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020678
- Description: Globally, approximately one billion people benefit from contributions of wild foods to their food security and dietary diversity. Wild foods are known to be important in rural communities in terms of food and micronutrient provision, diversifying diets, reducing vulnerability to non-communicable diseases and overall health. However, the potential contribution of wild foods towards food security and dietary diversity in urban food systems has been largely overlooked. This study examined the contribution of wild foods to household dietary diversity in two towns in South Africa, based on a survey of 137 households.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Garekae, Hesekia , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176368 , vital:42688 , https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020678
- Description: Globally, approximately one billion people benefit from contributions of wild foods to their food security and dietary diversity. Wild foods are known to be important in rural communities in terms of food and micronutrient provision, diversifying diets, reducing vulnerability to non-communicable diseases and overall health. However, the potential contribution of wild foods towards food security and dietary diversity in urban food systems has been largely overlooked. This study examined the contribution of wild foods to household dietary diversity in two towns in South Africa, based on a survey of 137 households.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
STIP1/HOP regulates the actin cytoskeleton through interactions with actin and changes in actin-binding proteins cofilin and profilin:
- Beckley, Samantha Joy, Hunter, Morgan C, Kituyi, Sarah N, Wingate, Ianthe, Chakraborty, Abantika, Schwarz, Kelly, Makhubu, Matodzi P, Rousseau, Robert P, Ruck, Duncan K, de la Mare, Jo-Anne, Blatch, Gregory L, Edkins, Adrienne L
- Authors: Beckley, Samantha Joy , Hunter, Morgan C , Kituyi, Sarah N , Wingate, Ianthe , Chakraborty, Abantika , Schwarz, Kelly , Makhubu, Matodzi P , Rousseau, Robert P , Ruck, Duncan K , de la Mare, Jo-Anne , Blatch, Gregory L , Edkins, Adrienne L
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165373 , vital:41238 , https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093152
- Description: Cell migration plays a vital role in both health and disease. It is driven by reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, which is regulated by actin-binding proteins cofilin and profilin. Stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) is a well-described co-chaperone of the Hsp90 chaperone system, and our findings identify a potential regulatory role of STIP1 in actin dynamics. We show that STIP1 can be isolated in complex with actin and Hsp90 from HEK293T cells and directly interacts with actin in vitro via the C-terminal TPR2AB-DP2 domain of STIP1, potentially due to a region spanning two putative actin-binding motifs. We found that STIP1 could stimulate the in vitro ATPase activity of actin, suggesting a potential role in the modulation of F-actin formation. Interestingly, while STIP1 depletion in HEK293T cells had no major effect on total actin levels, it led to increased nuclear accumulation of actin, disorganization of F-actin structures, and an increase and decrease in cofilin and profilin levels, respectively. This study suggests that STIP1 regulates the cytoskeleton by interacting with actin, or via regulating the ratio of proteins known to affect actin dynamics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Beckley, Samantha Joy , Hunter, Morgan C , Kituyi, Sarah N , Wingate, Ianthe , Chakraborty, Abantika , Schwarz, Kelly , Makhubu, Matodzi P , Rousseau, Robert P , Ruck, Duncan K , de la Mare, Jo-Anne , Blatch, Gregory L , Edkins, Adrienne L
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165373 , vital:41238 , https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093152
- Description: Cell migration plays a vital role in both health and disease. It is driven by reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, which is regulated by actin-binding proteins cofilin and profilin. Stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) is a well-described co-chaperone of the Hsp90 chaperone system, and our findings identify a potential regulatory role of STIP1 in actin dynamics. We show that STIP1 can be isolated in complex with actin and Hsp90 from HEK293T cells and directly interacts with actin in vitro via the C-terminal TPR2AB-DP2 domain of STIP1, potentially due to a region spanning two putative actin-binding motifs. We found that STIP1 could stimulate the in vitro ATPase activity of actin, suggesting a potential role in the modulation of F-actin formation. Interestingly, while STIP1 depletion in HEK293T cells had no major effect on total actin levels, it led to increased nuclear accumulation of actin, disorganization of F-actin structures, and an increase and decrease in cofilin and profilin levels, respectively. This study suggests that STIP1 regulates the cytoskeleton by interacting with actin, or via regulating the ratio of proteins known to affect actin dynamics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The small pelagic fishery of the Pemba Channel, Tanzania: what we know and what we need to know for management under climate change
- Sekadende, Baraka, Scott, Lucy E P, Anderson, Jim, Aswani, Shankar, Francis, Julius, Jacobs, Zoe, Jebri, Fatma, Jiddawi, Narriman, Kamukuru, Albogast T, Kelly, Stephen, Kizenga, Hellen, Kuguru, Baraka, Kyewalyanga, Margareth, Noyon, Margaux, Nyandwi, Ntahondi, Painter, Stuart C, Palmer, Matthew, Raitsos, Dionysios, Roberts, Michael, Sailley, Sévrine F, Samoilys, Melita, Sauer, Warwick H H, Shayo, Salome, Shaghude, Yohana, Taylor, Sarah F W, Wihsgott, Juliane U, Ekaterina Popova
- Authors: Sekadende, Baraka , Scott, Lucy E P , Anderson, Jim , Aswani, Shankar , Francis, Julius , Jacobs, Zoe , Jebri, Fatma , Jiddawi, Narriman , Kamukuru, Albogast T , Kelly, Stephen , Kizenga, Hellen , Kuguru, Baraka , Kyewalyanga, Margareth , Noyon, Margaux , Nyandwi, Ntahondi , Painter, Stuart C , Palmer, Matthew , Raitsos, Dionysios , Roberts, Michael , Sailley, Sévrine F , Samoilys, Melita , Sauer, Warwick H H , Shayo, Salome , Shaghude, Yohana , Taylor, Sarah F W , Wihsgott, Juliane U , Ekaterina Popova
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178986 , vital:40102 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105322
- Description: Small pelagic fish, including anchovies, sardines and sardinellas, mackerels, capelin, hilsa, sprats and herrings, are distributed widely, from the tropics to the far north Atlantic Ocean and to the southern oceans off Chile and South Africa. They are most abundant in the highly productive major eastern boundary upwelling systems and are characterised by significant natural variations in biomass. Overall, small pelagic fisheries represent about one third of global fish landings although a large proportion of the catch is processed into animal feeds. Nonetheless, in some developing countries in addition to their economic value, small pelagic fisheries also make an important contribution to human diets and the food security of many low-income households. Such is the case for many communities in the Zanzibar Archipelago and on mainland Tanzania in the Western Indian Ocean. Of great concern in this region, as elsewhere, is the potential impact of climate change on marine and coastal ecosystems in general, and on small pelagic fisheries in particular. This paper describes data and information available on Tanzania's small pelagic fisheries, including catch and effort, management protocols and socio-economic significance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Sekadende, Baraka , Scott, Lucy E P , Anderson, Jim , Aswani, Shankar , Francis, Julius , Jacobs, Zoe , Jebri, Fatma , Jiddawi, Narriman , Kamukuru, Albogast T , Kelly, Stephen , Kizenga, Hellen , Kuguru, Baraka , Kyewalyanga, Margareth , Noyon, Margaux , Nyandwi, Ntahondi , Painter, Stuart C , Palmer, Matthew , Raitsos, Dionysios , Roberts, Michael , Sailley, Sévrine F , Samoilys, Melita , Sauer, Warwick H H , Shayo, Salome , Shaghude, Yohana , Taylor, Sarah F W , Wihsgott, Juliane U , Ekaterina Popova
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178986 , vital:40102 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105322
- Description: Small pelagic fish, including anchovies, sardines and sardinellas, mackerels, capelin, hilsa, sprats and herrings, are distributed widely, from the tropics to the far north Atlantic Ocean and to the southern oceans off Chile and South Africa. They are most abundant in the highly productive major eastern boundary upwelling systems and are characterised by significant natural variations in biomass. Overall, small pelagic fisheries represent about one third of global fish landings although a large proportion of the catch is processed into animal feeds. Nonetheless, in some developing countries in addition to their economic value, small pelagic fisheries also make an important contribution to human diets and the food security of many low-income households. Such is the case for many communities in the Zanzibar Archipelago and on mainland Tanzania in the Western Indian Ocean. Of great concern in this region, as elsewhere, is the potential impact of climate change on marine and coastal ecosystems in general, and on small pelagic fisheries in particular. This paper describes data and information available on Tanzania's small pelagic fisheries, including catch and effort, management protocols and socio-economic significance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Transitions from rural contexts to and through higher education in South Africa: negotiating misrecognition
- Mgqwashu, Emmanuel M, Timmis, Sue, de Wet, Thea, Madondo, Nkosinathi Emmanuel
- Authors: Mgqwashu, Emmanuel M , Timmis, Sue , de Wet, Thea , Madondo, Nkosinathi Emmanuel
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148435 , vital:38739 , DOI:10.1080/03057925.2020.1763165
- Description: This paper reports on an international collaborative study that investigated how students from rural contexts negotiate the transition to university, and how prior cultural and educational experiences influence their higher education trajectories. A qualitative, participatory methodology was adopted, centred on co-researcher narratives, digital artefacts and discussions. Findings demonstrate how family and community, including religious, study, and self-help groups, influenced their transitions into higher education and journey through university and to their identities, agency and sense of belonging. The paper argues that university practices, values and norms need to acknowledge and incorporate all students’ prior experiences and histories and recognise their powerful contribution in working towards a decolonial higher education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mgqwashu, Emmanuel M , Timmis, Sue , de Wet, Thea , Madondo, Nkosinathi Emmanuel
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148435 , vital:38739 , DOI:10.1080/03057925.2020.1763165
- Description: This paper reports on an international collaborative study that investigated how students from rural contexts negotiate the transition to university, and how prior cultural and educational experiences influence their higher education trajectories. A qualitative, participatory methodology was adopted, centred on co-researcher narratives, digital artefacts and discussions. Findings demonstrate how family and community, including religious, study, and self-help groups, influenced their transitions into higher education and journey through university and to their identities, agency and sense of belonging. The paper argues that university practices, values and norms need to acknowledge and incorporate all students’ prior experiences and histories and recognise their powerful contribution in working towards a decolonial higher education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
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