An investigation of mitochondrial dynamics and networks observed within human undifferentiated and differentiated cell lines
- Authors: Houseman, Pascalené Shannon
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Mitochondria , Mitochondrial pathology , Degeneration (Pathology) , Mesenchymal stem cells , Neural stem cells , Cell lines , Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60687 , vital:27816
- Description: Mitochondrial dynamics refers to a series of constant division and fusion cycles that form interconnecting networks within healthy cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the byproducts of cellular redox reactions, and, when in excess, have been linked to degenerative diseases and aging. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) require a niche that presents with low levels of ROS; this enables the stem cell to maintain its “sternness”, the stem cell population, as well as the ability to adhere, migrate, and proliferate. If ROS levels increase within the MSC niche, inhibition of cellular adhesion and migration occurs. In contrast, neural stem cells require a niche that presents with a high level of ROS, aiding in their proliferative, self- renewing capacities. Investigations into what constitutes a healthy mitochondrial network versus the disease state of the network are required in order to determine what promotes degeneration and aging within stem cells. It was hypothesized that increased levels of ROS would stunt the ability of MSCs to attach and migrate, and hinder their abilities of proliferation and differentiation. In contrast, neuronal differentiation would present with an increased proliferation. This led to the investigation into the effects of ROS and oxidative stress, and the resulting mitochondrial dynamics, have on undifferentiated and differentiated mesenchymal stem and SH-SY5Y cells. Upon the addition of non-lethal S3I-201 (STAT3 has been linked to a reduction in ROS) to MSCs, an increase in ROS was observed. Higher concentrations of STAT3 inhibitor resulted in a decrease in MSC attachment and proliferation. When exposed to similar conditions, the SH-SY5Y cells underwent an increased proliferation; due to multiple restrictions, they were not used any further within the study. Mitochondrial dynamics were observed using a fusion promoter (M1) and a fission inhibitor (Mdivi-1); the MSCs were dosed with varying concentrations in order to determine the effects that mitochondrial dysfunction may have on the established networks, and cell survival. The mitochondria within MSCs migrated to the extensions of the cell, and displayed an alteration in morphology, or were clustered around the nucleus and/or the lipid deposits. These high density clusters correlated with a high intensity of fluorescence using 2’,7’- dichlorofluorescein diacetate. In conclusion, varying concentrations of ROS have different effects on MSCs in terms of overall maintenance and function; mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in cell survivability and the fate of stem cell differentiation. Further investigation into the mitochondrial dynamics and networks of these cell lines and their differentiated progeny is required.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Houseman, Pascalené Shannon
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Mitochondria , Mitochondrial pathology , Degeneration (Pathology) , Mesenchymal stem cells , Neural stem cells , Cell lines , Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60687 , vital:27816
- Description: Mitochondrial dynamics refers to a series of constant division and fusion cycles that form interconnecting networks within healthy cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the byproducts of cellular redox reactions, and, when in excess, have been linked to degenerative diseases and aging. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) require a niche that presents with low levels of ROS; this enables the stem cell to maintain its “sternness”, the stem cell population, as well as the ability to adhere, migrate, and proliferate. If ROS levels increase within the MSC niche, inhibition of cellular adhesion and migration occurs. In contrast, neural stem cells require a niche that presents with a high level of ROS, aiding in their proliferative, self- renewing capacities. Investigations into what constitutes a healthy mitochondrial network versus the disease state of the network are required in order to determine what promotes degeneration and aging within stem cells. It was hypothesized that increased levels of ROS would stunt the ability of MSCs to attach and migrate, and hinder their abilities of proliferation and differentiation. In contrast, neuronal differentiation would present with an increased proliferation. This led to the investigation into the effects of ROS and oxidative stress, and the resulting mitochondrial dynamics, have on undifferentiated and differentiated mesenchymal stem and SH-SY5Y cells. Upon the addition of non-lethal S3I-201 (STAT3 has been linked to a reduction in ROS) to MSCs, an increase in ROS was observed. Higher concentrations of STAT3 inhibitor resulted in a decrease in MSC attachment and proliferation. When exposed to similar conditions, the SH-SY5Y cells underwent an increased proliferation; due to multiple restrictions, they were not used any further within the study. Mitochondrial dynamics were observed using a fusion promoter (M1) and a fission inhibitor (Mdivi-1); the MSCs were dosed with varying concentrations in order to determine the effects that mitochondrial dysfunction may have on the established networks, and cell survival. The mitochondria within MSCs migrated to the extensions of the cell, and displayed an alteration in morphology, or were clustered around the nucleus and/or the lipid deposits. These high density clusters correlated with a high intensity of fluorescence using 2’,7’- dichlorofluorescein diacetate. In conclusion, varying concentrations of ROS have different effects on MSCs in terms of overall maintenance and function; mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in cell survivability and the fate of stem cell differentiation. Further investigation into the mitochondrial dynamics and networks of these cell lines and their differentiated progeny is required.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Bioinformatics and data analysis in microbiology:
- Authors: Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148104 , vital:38710 , ISBN 9781908230737 , https://books.google.co.za/books?id=-G07DwAAQBAJanddq=Bioinformatics+and+data+analysis+in+microbiologyandsource=gbs_navlinks_s
- Description: The rapid advancement of sequencing techniques, coupled with the new methodologies of bioinformatics to handle large-scale data analysis, are providing exciting opportunities for us to understand microbial communities from a variety of environments beyond previous imagination. This book provides invaluable, up-to-date and detailed information on various aspects of bioinformatics data analysis with applications to microbiology. It describes a number of different useful bioinformatics tools, makes links to some wet-lab techniques, explains different approaches to tackle a problem, talks about current challenges and limitations, gives examples of applications of bioinformatics methods to microbiology, and discusses future trends. The chapters include topics such as genome sequencing techniques, assembly, SNP analysis, annotation, comparative genomics, microbial community profiling, metagenomics, phylogenetic microarrays, barcoding and more. Each chapter is written by scientists who are expert in the field, and is peer-reviewed. Bioinformatics and Data Analysis in Microbiology is an essential book for researchers, lecturers and students involved in microbiology, bioinformatics and genome analysis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148104 , vital:38710 , ISBN 9781908230737 , https://books.google.co.za/books?id=-G07DwAAQBAJanddq=Bioinformatics+and+data+analysis+in+microbiologyandsource=gbs_navlinks_s
- Description: The rapid advancement of sequencing techniques, coupled with the new methodologies of bioinformatics to handle large-scale data analysis, are providing exciting opportunities for us to understand microbial communities from a variety of environments beyond previous imagination. This book provides invaluable, up-to-date and detailed information on various aspects of bioinformatics data analysis with applications to microbiology. It describes a number of different useful bioinformatics tools, makes links to some wet-lab techniques, explains different approaches to tackle a problem, talks about current challenges and limitations, gives examples of applications of bioinformatics methods to microbiology, and discusses future trends. The chapters include topics such as genome sequencing techniques, assembly, SNP analysis, annotation, comparative genomics, microbial community profiling, metagenomics, phylogenetic microarrays, barcoding and more. Each chapter is written by scientists who are expert in the field, and is peer-reviewed. Bioinformatics and Data Analysis in Microbiology is an essential book for researchers, lecturers and students involved in microbiology, bioinformatics and genome analysis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Global Climate Change, Adaptation and Abatement in a Context of Risk and Vulnerability
- Lotz-Sisitka, Heila, Le Grange, Lesley
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila , Le Grange, Lesley
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/437338 , vital:73371 , ISBN 9780826440655 , https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/climate-change-and-philosophy-9780826440655/
- Description: Climate Change and Philosophy presents ten original es-says by an international team of expert contributors, ex-ploring the important contribution philosophical inquiry can make to contemporary debates to do with climate change and the global environment. Examining this hugely topical issue through the lens of environmental philosophy, political theory, philosophy of technology, philosophy of education and feminist theory, these es-says interrogate some of the presumptions that inform modernity and our interaction with natural processes. The book asks fundamental questions about human na-ture and, more importantly, the concept of 'nature' itself. The conceptual frameworks presented here contribute to an understanding of the processes of change, of social transformation, and the means of adapting to the con-straints that problems such as climate change pose. The book proposes a way of beginning the important task of rethinking the relationship between humanity and the natural environment. Through enquiry into the basic philosophical principles that inform modern society, each author asserts that reflection informs change and that change is both required and possible in the context of the environmental crisis facing us today.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila , Le Grange, Lesley
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/437338 , vital:73371 , ISBN 9780826440655 , https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/climate-change-and-philosophy-9780826440655/
- Description: Climate Change and Philosophy presents ten original es-says by an international team of expert contributors, ex-ploring the important contribution philosophical inquiry can make to contemporary debates to do with climate change and the global environment. Examining this hugely topical issue through the lens of environmental philosophy, political theory, philosophy of technology, philosophy of education and feminist theory, these es-says interrogate some of the presumptions that inform modernity and our interaction with natural processes. The book asks fundamental questions about human na-ture and, more importantly, the concept of 'nature' itself. The conceptual frameworks presented here contribute to an understanding of the processes of change, of social transformation, and the means of adapting to the con-straints that problems such as climate change pose. The book proposes a way of beginning the important task of rethinking the relationship between humanity and the natural environment. Through enquiry into the basic philosophical principles that inform modern society, each author asserts that reflection informs change and that change is both required and possible in the context of the environmental crisis facing us today.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The letters of Hannah Dennison, 1820 settler, 1820-1847
- Authors: Edgecombe, Dorothy Ruth
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Dennison, Hannah Elizabeth, 1791-1850 -- Correspondence , British settlers of 1820 (South Africa) -- Correspondence , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1814-1852 , Women -- South Africa , British settlers of 1820 (South Africa) , Women -- South Africa -- Correspondence
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2540 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002392 , Dennison, Hannah Elizabeth, 1791-1850 -- Correspondence , British settlers of 1820 (South Africa) -- Correspondence , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1814-1852 , Women -- South Africa , British settlers of 1820 (South Africa) , Women -- South Africa -- Correspondence
- Description: In 1959, the late Miss M.G. Masson of Salem, at the instigation of Mrs. Dorothy Rivett-Carnac, presented a bundle of Gush family papers to the Cory Library. Among these papers was a series of letters written by Hannah Dennison, who came to South Africa in 1820, as a member of Carton's party from Nottinghamshire. This thesis offers a transcription of the letters together with editorial comment, and the letters from the main source for a reconstruction of the life and attitudes of a most enterprising woman.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1968
- Authors: Edgecombe, Dorothy Ruth
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Dennison, Hannah Elizabeth, 1791-1850 -- Correspondence , British settlers of 1820 (South Africa) -- Correspondence , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1814-1852 , Women -- South Africa , British settlers of 1820 (South Africa) , Women -- South Africa -- Correspondence
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2540 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002392 , Dennison, Hannah Elizabeth, 1791-1850 -- Correspondence , British settlers of 1820 (South Africa) -- Correspondence , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1814-1852 , Women -- South Africa , British settlers of 1820 (South Africa) , Women -- South Africa -- Correspondence
- Description: In 1959, the late Miss M.G. Masson of Salem, at the instigation of Mrs. Dorothy Rivett-Carnac, presented a bundle of Gush family papers to the Cory Library. Among these papers was a series of letters written by Hannah Dennison, who came to South Africa in 1820, as a member of Carton's party from Nottinghamshire. This thesis offers a transcription of the letters together with editorial comment, and the letters from the main source for a reconstruction of the life and attitudes of a most enterprising woman.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1968
Wages and employment of European women in industry in Durban, 1955/56
- Authors: Mesham, Noreen Ina
- Date: 1958
- Subjects: Women -- Employment -- South Africa , Wages -- Women -- South Africa -- Durban , Women -- South Africa -- Durban -- Economic conditions , Women -- South Africa -- Durban -- Social conditions , Durban (South Africa) -- Economic conditions -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:1112 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013509
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1958
- Authors: Mesham, Noreen Ina
- Date: 1958
- Subjects: Women -- Employment -- South Africa , Wages -- Women -- South Africa -- Durban , Women -- South Africa -- Durban -- Economic conditions , Women -- South Africa -- Durban -- Social conditions , Durban (South Africa) -- Economic conditions -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:1112 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013509
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1958
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