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Ideologies of Colonial-Apartheid Linguistic Order

- Aiseng, Kealeboga

Authors: Aiseng, Kealeboga
Date: 2024
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , book chapter
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/455314 , vital:75420 , ISBN 978-3-031-54914-4 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54915-1_5
Description: 7de Laan uses primarily Afrikaans and English, with indigenous languages used instantly; My Desire is dubbed from Hindi to English only. The chapter aims to demonstrate how using English and Afrikaans in 7de Laan and dubbing Hindi into English in My Desire promote ideologies of Colonial-Apartheid linguistic order. The chapter argues that the use of Afrikaans in 7de Laan and English dubbing in My Desire are primarily homogenous. When indigenous languages are excluded in 7de Laan and dubbing in My Desire, it is not just about 7de Laan being an Afrikaans soap opera or My Desire promoting English over indigenous languages. This is also about creating an environment where the Colonial-Apartheid linguistic order can be established and sold to viewers. It is about rejecting the post-Apartheid notion of the Rainbow Nation.
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Date Issued: 2024

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Foreground simulations for observations of the global 21-cm signal

- Klutse, Diana

Authors: Klutse, Diana
Date: 2019
Subjects: Cosmic background radiation , Astronomy -- Observations , Electromagnetic waves , Radiation, Background
Language: English
Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76398 , vital:30557
Description: The sky-averaged (global) spectrum of the redshifted 21-cm line promises to be a direct probe of the Dark Ages, the period before the first luminous sources formed and the Epoch of Reionization during which these sources produced enough ionizing photons to ionize the neutral intergalactic medium. However, observations of this signal are contaminated by both astrophysical foregrounds which are orders of magnitude brighter than the cosmological signal and by non-astrophysical and non-ideal instrumental effects. It is therefore crucial to understand all these data components and their impacts on the cosmological signal, for successful signal extraction. In this view, we investigated the impact that small scale spatial structures of diffuse Galactic foreground has on the foreground spectrum as observed by a global 21-cm observation. We simulated two different sets of observations using a realistic dipole beam model of two synchotron foreground templates that differ from each other in the small scale structure: the original 408 MHz all-sky map by Haslam et al. (1982) and a version where the calibration was improved to remove artifcats and point sources (Remazeilles et al., 2015). We generated simulated foreground spectra and modeled them using a polynomial expansion in frequency. We found that the different foreground templates have a modest impact on the simulated spectra, generate differences up to 2% in the root mean square of residual spectra after the log-polynomial best fit was subtracted out.
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Date Issued: 2019

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Administrative penalties

- Arendse, Jacqueline A, Clegg, David, Williams, Robert C

Authors: Arendse, Jacqueline A , Clegg, David , Williams, Robert C
Date: 2016
Subjects: To be catalogued
Language: English
Type: text , book chapter
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/131225 , vital:36539 , https://store.lexisnexis.co.za/products/silke-on-tax-administration-skuZASKUPG1440
Description: Provisions dealing with the levying of interest and penalties are contained in the Tax Administration Act and specific provisions also exist in the various tax Acts. Most of the specific penalty provisions in the various tax Acts have been replaced by the general provisions contained in the Tax Administration Act.
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Date Issued: 2016

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Up Beat Issue Number 5 1994

- SACHED

Authors: SACHED
Date: June 1994
Subjects: SACHED
Language: English
Type: text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/115827 , vital:34242
Description: On 4 June five years ago Chinese students were gunned down in Tiananmen Square, Beijing. Students had camped in the square for three weeks. They were on a hunger-strike. They were demanding that the Chinese government give the people of China democratic rights. Hundreds of thousands of ordinary people joined the students in Tiananmen Square. They wanted to support the students. But on the night of the 3rd June1989, the Chinese army invaded Tiananmen Square. Hundreds of armoured vehicles, together with thousands of soldiers, moved into the square. More than 1 000 people; students, children and the aged, were killed. Thousands were wounded as the army opened fire. The dreams of the students' were crushed under the wheels of the army vehicles. In the months that followed over 6 000 people were
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Date Issued: June 1994

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Drought, relief and rural communities : special report no. 9

- Singh, Kamal

Authors: Singh, Kamal
Date: 1993-10
Subjects: Drought relief -- South Africa , Droughts -- South Africa
Language: English
Type: text , book
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68651 , vital:29302 , ISBN 0620180633
Description: The Association for Rural Advancement (AFRA) has run a Drought Project since October 1992. The project's primary focus was to monitor drought conditions in the AFRA's operational area and to assist communities to access relief through providing them with relevant information and helping them to submit proposals to relief agencies. In attempting to do this, it became clear that the effects of drought on rural black communities was not a well understood phenomenon. We also found that relief strategies were informed more by economic, agricultural and meteorological criteria than social ones. This Special Report aims to contribute to the development of a more appropriate drought management strategy, especially with regard to rural communities. In attempting to make this contribution, the Report examines the factors involved in redefining drought and drought relief perspectives in relation to rural communities. However, the range of factors involved and the scarcity of useful information on them, dictate that this is merely an introduction. The complexities and implications arising from the introduction of these factors into drought management in South Africa should be explored on an on-going basis. Because of the scarcity of relevant information about the effects of drought on black rural communities in South Africa, this Report has relied on AFRA's limited monitoring of such communities. Some information was also gathered through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) methods. There were also difficulties in getting information about relief schemes and their operations as most relief agencies were reluctant to release this information. As a result, almost all the relief related information in this Special Report was obtained from publications and reports of the National Consultative Forum on Drought.
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Date Issued: 1993-10

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In vitro systems for the assessment of drug release from topical formulations and trans-membrane permeation

- Smith, Eric W, Haigh, John M

Authors: Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M
Date: 1989
Language: English
Type: Book chapter
Identifier: vital:6441 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006628
Description: Numerous experimental methods have been developed to investigate drug release from vehicles and the percutaneous absorption of topically applied chemicals. The objective of this research is often to find correlation between laboratory results and the transdermal absorption experienced by living subjects so that in vivo experimentation may be curtailed. In many instances, the diverse experimental techniques tend to obscure absorption-controlling factors and complicate inter study comparisons, rather than clarify the complex transdermal absorption process. Moreover, lack of agreement between results may occasionally be ascribed to shortcomings in the in vitro methodology employed. The benefits of using an in vitro cell system for the preliminary testing of drug permeation in the laboratory are obvious. The environmental and diffusion variables may be controlled in an attempt to elucidate specific factors affecting the kinetic processes and drug bioavailability. Investigations are complex because of the multiple, interrelated events underlying the processes of drug partitioning from the applied vehicle and diffusion through the portals of the stratum corneum to the myriad of metabolic, binding, and clearance activities in the lower epidermal and dermal strata.
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Date Issued: 1989

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Code of Conduct for Australian companies with interests in the Republic of South Africa

Date: Mar 1987
Language: English
Type: text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/118204 , vital:34607
Description: This is the first report under the voluntary Code of Conduct for Australian companies in South Africa. It marks Australia's entry into an area of monitoring and public reporting where the United States of America, the European Community (particularly the United Kingdom) and Canada have had Codes of Conduct since 1976 to 1978. Each of the countries concerned has companies with investment in South Africa and a physical presence there - through subsidiaries that operate as part of South African industry and that employ South African workers, including black workers. The Codes are intended to secure that companies from outside South Africa do not, when employing non-white (and particularly black) workers in South Africa, exploit the apartheid system. On the contrary, the objective is to work towards the elimination of discrimination at the industrial level - in pay rates, opportunities and otherwise - and at the same time to try to imp rove the position of the employees outside the work place. Those who press for stronger sanctions against South Africa and for active disinvestment policies criticise the Codes as weak palliatives for apartheid. In past years that might have been charged more forcibly. Today the existence of the Codes does not seem to be affecting decisions on sanctions. And the converse also seems to be true; with the sanctions that are presently operating the Codes continue to operate. Of course, when companies do disinvest, the Codes have fewer companies to cover and could eventually wither on that account. To the extent, therefore, that the Codes operate on the fact of foreign companies being in South Africa, they could be thought inconsistent with any policy of rapid disinvestment. However, there are at present no such policies operating at the level of Governments. A question arising from that is whether foreign companies, if they do remain in South Africa, should be subject to Codes and to reports back home as to their conduct, it being recognised that those reports, depending on their content and their reception, may either quieten or stir pressures for further disinvestment.
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Date Issued: Mar 1987

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