Functionalized Ru(II) polypyridines and phthalocyanines: Potential dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs)
- Adeloye, Adewale Olufunsho https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1736-5738
- Authors: Adeloye, Adewale Olufunsho https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1736-5738
- Date: 2011-01
- Subjects: Phthalocyanines , Dye-sensitized solar cells
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24343 , vital:62638
- Description: This study describes the design, synthesis, characterization and preliminary investigation of the solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency of ruthenium(II) functionalized polypyridine and phthalocyanine complexes with extended π-conjugation. Polypyridinyl functionalized with anthracene, 2,3-dimethylacrylic acid and 1-methoxy-1-buten-3-yne were synthesized and characterized by infrared, UV-Vis, photoluminescence, 1H and 13C NMR and elemental analysis. The functionalized polypyridine molecules were used to synthesize various ruthenium(II) homoleptic/heteroleptic and/or heteronuclear complexes and their photophysical and electrochemical properties evaluated. The preliminary results of the solar-to-electrical conversion efficiencies of some synthesized Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes were presented in chapter 5. It was found out as expected that the ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes containing either heteronuclear polypyridine ligands or their thiocyanate analogues of the types [Ru(L1)2L2(PF6)2], [RuL1(L2)2(PF6)2] and [RuL1L2(NCS)2], showed better photophysical properties (red-shifted metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) transitions concomitant with enhanced molar extinction coefficients), luminescence and interesting electrochemical redox properties than those containing homonuclear ligand types [Ru(L1)3(PF6)2]. The ruthenium(II) anthracenyl functionalized phthalocyanine complexes which were obtained by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions in the peripheral positions gave good solubility properties in various organic solvents and also showed interesting near infrared absorption and electroredox characteristics. Cyclic and square wave voltammetries of these complexes revealed major redox processes and the numbers of electron(s) transfer were determined by chronocoulometry. It was established that a mono- and/or multi-electronic transfer reactions can occur in the various ruthenium(II) complexes. The photophysical properties of some complexes showed them to be better and promising candidates in the design of chemosensors, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and as photosensitizers, while their redox-active natures make them potential mediators in electron-transfer for various photochemical processes. However, due to low surface concentration and/or adsorption of some tested complexes on TiO2 semiconductor nanocrystalline particle, low currents were generated and the highest solar-to-electrical conversion efficiency recorded in this study was 0.10 percent. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2011
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011-01
- Authors: Adeloye, Adewale Olufunsho https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1736-5738
- Date: 2011-01
- Subjects: Phthalocyanines , Dye-sensitized solar cells
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24343 , vital:62638
- Description: This study describes the design, synthesis, characterization and preliminary investigation of the solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency of ruthenium(II) functionalized polypyridine and phthalocyanine complexes with extended π-conjugation. Polypyridinyl functionalized with anthracene, 2,3-dimethylacrylic acid and 1-methoxy-1-buten-3-yne were synthesized and characterized by infrared, UV-Vis, photoluminescence, 1H and 13C NMR and elemental analysis. The functionalized polypyridine molecules were used to synthesize various ruthenium(II) homoleptic/heteroleptic and/or heteronuclear complexes and their photophysical and electrochemical properties evaluated. The preliminary results of the solar-to-electrical conversion efficiencies of some synthesized Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes were presented in chapter 5. It was found out as expected that the ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes containing either heteronuclear polypyridine ligands or their thiocyanate analogues of the types [Ru(L1)2L2(PF6)2], [RuL1(L2)2(PF6)2] and [RuL1L2(NCS)2], showed better photophysical properties (red-shifted metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) transitions concomitant with enhanced molar extinction coefficients), luminescence and interesting electrochemical redox properties than those containing homonuclear ligand types [Ru(L1)3(PF6)2]. The ruthenium(II) anthracenyl functionalized phthalocyanine complexes which were obtained by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions in the peripheral positions gave good solubility properties in various organic solvents and also showed interesting near infrared absorption and electroredox characteristics. Cyclic and square wave voltammetries of these complexes revealed major redox processes and the numbers of electron(s) transfer were determined by chronocoulometry. It was established that a mono- and/or multi-electronic transfer reactions can occur in the various ruthenium(II) complexes. The photophysical properties of some complexes showed them to be better and promising candidates in the design of chemosensors, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and as photosensitizers, while their redox-active natures make them potential mediators in electron-transfer for various photochemical processes. However, due to low surface concentration and/or adsorption of some tested complexes on TiO2 semiconductor nanocrystalline particle, low currents were generated and the highest solar-to-electrical conversion efficiency recorded in this study was 0.10 percent. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2011
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011-01
Revisiting Coloniasm : An exploration of its legacy in four African texts
- Andzongo, Marjorie Debande Eseme
- Authors: Andzongo, Marjorie Debande Eseme
- Date: 2011-01
- Subjects: Colonies -- History , Africa -- Colonisation , Africa -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23282 , vital:57019
- Description: The purpose of this study was to revisit the topic of colonialism once more, in order to ascertain whether it had both negative and positive impacts in Africa. This is so because colonialism is mostly renowned for its negative attributes, therefore, the study attempted to give a more balanced analysis of colonialism and its effects on the colonies and colonised subjects. To this effect, the study examined four African texts: Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart(1967), Ngugi wa Thiong’o and Ngugi Wa Mirri’s I Will Marry When I Want (1982), Mongo Beti’s Mission to Kala (1957) and Sembene Ousmane’s The Last of The Empire (1983). The analysis showed that colonialism did have damaging and constructive impacts on the former colonies. However, these constructive impacts have their limitations where Africans are concerned. The study also came to the conclusion that despite the destructiveness of colonialism there are vital aspects of the Western civilisation that need to be and have been accommodated by Africans. Therefore, amalgamating the positives of various cultures rather than trying to separate them, is the way forward for people of any race as the world has undeniably become a global village. It is easy to see the wrongs and injustices of European Imperialism in Africa. African culture was damaged. The Europeans did not understand tribal differences and tribal customs. They did not even try to understand. The Europeans forced the Africans to learn new ways. They tried to make the Africans feel inferior. They forced the Africans to accept European government, religion, and languages. They drew up colonial boundaries without giving any thought to splitting up tribes. Some of the things the Europeans did in Africa helped the natives. But most of those things were done for the sake of the Europeans. Railway systems, roads, and schools were built and the continent of Africa was opened up to the rest of the world. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2011
- Full Text:
- Authors: Andzongo, Marjorie Debande Eseme
- Date: 2011-01
- Subjects: Colonies -- History , Africa -- Colonisation , Africa -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23282 , vital:57019
- Description: The purpose of this study was to revisit the topic of colonialism once more, in order to ascertain whether it had both negative and positive impacts in Africa. This is so because colonialism is mostly renowned for its negative attributes, therefore, the study attempted to give a more balanced analysis of colonialism and its effects on the colonies and colonised subjects. To this effect, the study examined four African texts: Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart(1967), Ngugi wa Thiong’o and Ngugi Wa Mirri’s I Will Marry When I Want (1982), Mongo Beti’s Mission to Kala (1957) and Sembene Ousmane’s The Last of The Empire (1983). The analysis showed that colonialism did have damaging and constructive impacts on the former colonies. However, these constructive impacts have their limitations where Africans are concerned. The study also came to the conclusion that despite the destructiveness of colonialism there are vital aspects of the Western civilisation that need to be and have been accommodated by Africans. Therefore, amalgamating the positives of various cultures rather than trying to separate them, is the way forward for people of any race as the world has undeniably become a global village. It is easy to see the wrongs and injustices of European Imperialism in Africa. African culture was damaged. The Europeans did not understand tribal differences and tribal customs. They did not even try to understand. The Europeans forced the Africans to learn new ways. They tried to make the Africans feel inferior. They forced the Africans to accept European government, religion, and languages. They drew up colonial boundaries without giving any thought to splitting up tribes. Some of the things the Europeans did in Africa helped the natives. But most of those things were done for the sake of the Europeans. Railway systems, roads, and schools were built and the continent of Africa was opened up to the rest of the world. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2011
- Full Text:
The role of the Department of Education in addressing the education of children living and working in the street in the Eastern Cape:
- Authors: Mawisa, Nompumelelo Mavis
- Date: 2011-01
- Subjects: Street children , Social Conditions , Education
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23337 , vital:57354
- Description: A UNICEF report on the drastic effects of child labour in developing countries indicates there are 4040 million children under the age of 18 not attending school (1977). Many are street and working children who deserve the chance, but face parental neglect and poverty to attend school and become conscious and productive citizens. Non-formal education has been identified as an alternative to traditional schooling, in which children learn vocational trades or academic subjects, aimed at enhancing their lives. This alternative approach is considered non-formal education because it is typically short–term and non – degree granting. Though non-formal education can be used for rehabilitation purposes, it cannot replace ultimate schooling. All children want to graduate and compete in the job market. The main aim of this study is to determine the role of the Department of Education in addressing the education of children working and living in the street in the Eastern Cape. The children working and living in the street phenomenon is a major development problem that is experienced all over the developing world. A major cause of this problem in the Eastern Cape is drop–outs due to parental negligence and poverty. To assist children working and living in the street and those in conflict with the law, child and youth care centres in East London, King William’s Town and Queenstown have been established. However, they have not had a very noticeable impact on the magnitude of the problem. Potential for such an impact seems to lie in the domain of collaboration with other non-governmental organisations, other departments and education providers. This study evaluated the quality of education of child and youth care centres and non-formal education programmes in providing education to children working and living in the street, with a view to highlighting the difference that formal education in mainstream schools has, in relation to these centres. The descriptive survey design was used in this study. The sample comprised ten children working and living in the street three child and youth care centres in East London, King William’s Town and Queenstown, ten children working and living in the street in East London, three managers from these centres, and two managers from the Department of Education and the Department of Social Development. The study employed the purposive sampling technique. Data to answer the research questions were collected mainly through questionnaires and interviews. The following conclusions were drawn from this study regarding empowering of children who are working and living in the street: (1) children were acutely cognisant of their impoverished positions in society but were unable to alleviate their economic burdens due to poverty. (2) The lack of teacher training strongly impacted on the children’s self concept to achieve empowerment (3) Non-formal education programmes should be used temporary whilst children working and living in the street are being rehabilitated. Thereafter children should join mainstream schools where they can obtain certificates on completion of their studies. The age factor should be considered when administering non-formal education. (4) Parents were the most important stakeholders in facilitating the enrolment of children in schools and monitoring their attendance. (5) Collaboration of all relevant stakeholders in the education of children working and living in the street is key to their education. , Thesis (PHD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2011
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011-01
- Authors: Mawisa, Nompumelelo Mavis
- Date: 2011-01
- Subjects: Street children , Social Conditions , Education
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23337 , vital:57354
- Description: A UNICEF report on the drastic effects of child labour in developing countries indicates there are 4040 million children under the age of 18 not attending school (1977). Many are street and working children who deserve the chance, but face parental neglect and poverty to attend school and become conscious and productive citizens. Non-formal education has been identified as an alternative to traditional schooling, in which children learn vocational trades or academic subjects, aimed at enhancing their lives. This alternative approach is considered non-formal education because it is typically short–term and non – degree granting. Though non-formal education can be used for rehabilitation purposes, it cannot replace ultimate schooling. All children want to graduate and compete in the job market. The main aim of this study is to determine the role of the Department of Education in addressing the education of children working and living in the street in the Eastern Cape. The children working and living in the street phenomenon is a major development problem that is experienced all over the developing world. A major cause of this problem in the Eastern Cape is drop–outs due to parental negligence and poverty. To assist children working and living in the street and those in conflict with the law, child and youth care centres in East London, King William’s Town and Queenstown have been established. However, they have not had a very noticeable impact on the magnitude of the problem. Potential for such an impact seems to lie in the domain of collaboration with other non-governmental organisations, other departments and education providers. This study evaluated the quality of education of child and youth care centres and non-formal education programmes in providing education to children working and living in the street, with a view to highlighting the difference that formal education in mainstream schools has, in relation to these centres. The descriptive survey design was used in this study. The sample comprised ten children working and living in the street three child and youth care centres in East London, King William’s Town and Queenstown, ten children working and living in the street in East London, three managers from these centres, and two managers from the Department of Education and the Department of Social Development. The study employed the purposive sampling technique. Data to answer the research questions were collected mainly through questionnaires and interviews. The following conclusions were drawn from this study regarding empowering of children who are working and living in the street: (1) children were acutely cognisant of their impoverished positions in society but were unable to alleviate their economic burdens due to poverty. (2) The lack of teacher training strongly impacted on the children’s self concept to achieve empowerment (3) Non-formal education programmes should be used temporary whilst children working and living in the street are being rehabilitated. Thereafter children should join mainstream schools where they can obtain certificates on completion of their studies. The age factor should be considered when administering non-formal education. (4) Parents were the most important stakeholders in facilitating the enrolment of children in schools and monitoring their attendance. (5) Collaboration of all relevant stakeholders in the education of children working and living in the street is key to their education. , Thesis (PHD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2011
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011-01
ZIMBABWE’S LIBERATION STRUGGLE: A CRITICAL DECADE OF THE ZIMBABWE AFRICAN NATIONAL UNION (ZANU)’S GUERRILLA WAR, 1970-1980
- Dzimbanhete, Jephias Andrew (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7648-8722)
- Authors: Dzimbanhete, Jephias Andrew (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7648-8722)
- Date: 2011-01
- Subjects: National Liberation Movements -- Zimbabwe , Guerillas , Zimbabwe -- History -- Chimurenga
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23315 , vital:57048
- Description: This study offers a comprehensive examination of the Zimbabwean war of independence depicting the mobilisation of forces of liberation against an intransigent colonial Rhodesian settler state during a critical decade of the 1970s. Its introductory outline presents a broad historical context to the decolonisation processes in Africa. It also introduces the two liberation movements that drove the war of independence, and these revolved around the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) and the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU). The empirical chapters of the thesis narrow the focus to the main research subject, that explain the ZANU’s guerrilla warfare and how that was launched under the military wing of the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA). The study looks, particularly on how and why that formation assembled groundswell support and generated pervasive intelligence to operate relentlessly against the Rhodesian colonial government resulting in a compromised independence in 1980. In addition to a wide-ranging survey of literature that deals with the Zimbabwean war of independence, the production of this thesis is thoroughly grounded on empirical methods that hinge on archival research and oral testimonies. The study breaks new ground in outlining the various facets and different phases of the Zimbabwean liberation war. It reveals that the liberation fighters were not merely provided with arms and deployed to fight the Rhodesian army. Rather they underwent a methodical process, which comprised recruitment, extensive training and fundamental political education. This re-represents an alternative narrative or even eccentric paradigm to that persistently presented within the conventional Zimbabwean liberation war historiography. The thesis breaks further new ground in discussing the complex nature of how intelligence gathering and propaganda uses were also centrally linked to the cooperation of or assistance from the various segments of the colonial African society. Its empirical chapters outline the various actions undertaken by the various groups and individuals, the language they adopted in expressing themselves and the convivial connections between them and the guerrilla fighters in the countryside as the war front expanded within the home boundaries. Chapters also explore in greater detail how the liberation movement bred the complex relation and contestation between the political formation of ZANU and its military wing, ZANLA. The uneven power relations between these two formations somehow dictated the course and the outcome of the liberation war. As a result a constitutional settlement or military victory became the two options by which the Rhodesian question could be resolved in the later 1970s. As it turned out, attempts to seek a constitutional solution became a feature of diplomatic dimensions of the postcolonial Rhodesian political landscape. The study concludes with the latter point. , Thesis (PHD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2011
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011-01
- Authors: Dzimbanhete, Jephias Andrew (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7648-8722)
- Date: 2011-01
- Subjects: National Liberation Movements -- Zimbabwe , Guerillas , Zimbabwe -- History -- Chimurenga
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23315 , vital:57048
- Description: This study offers a comprehensive examination of the Zimbabwean war of independence depicting the mobilisation of forces of liberation against an intransigent colonial Rhodesian settler state during a critical decade of the 1970s. Its introductory outline presents a broad historical context to the decolonisation processes in Africa. It also introduces the two liberation movements that drove the war of independence, and these revolved around the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) and the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU). The empirical chapters of the thesis narrow the focus to the main research subject, that explain the ZANU’s guerrilla warfare and how that was launched under the military wing of the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA). The study looks, particularly on how and why that formation assembled groundswell support and generated pervasive intelligence to operate relentlessly against the Rhodesian colonial government resulting in a compromised independence in 1980. In addition to a wide-ranging survey of literature that deals with the Zimbabwean war of independence, the production of this thesis is thoroughly grounded on empirical methods that hinge on archival research and oral testimonies. The study breaks new ground in outlining the various facets and different phases of the Zimbabwean liberation war. It reveals that the liberation fighters were not merely provided with arms and deployed to fight the Rhodesian army. Rather they underwent a methodical process, which comprised recruitment, extensive training and fundamental political education. This re-represents an alternative narrative or even eccentric paradigm to that persistently presented within the conventional Zimbabwean liberation war historiography. The thesis breaks further new ground in discussing the complex nature of how intelligence gathering and propaganda uses were also centrally linked to the cooperation of or assistance from the various segments of the colonial African society. Its empirical chapters outline the various actions undertaken by the various groups and individuals, the language they adopted in expressing themselves and the convivial connections between them and the guerrilla fighters in the countryside as the war front expanded within the home boundaries. Chapters also explore in greater detail how the liberation movement bred the complex relation and contestation between the political formation of ZANU and its military wing, ZANLA. The uneven power relations between these two formations somehow dictated the course and the outcome of the liberation war. As a result a constitutional settlement or military victory became the two options by which the Rhodesian question could be resolved in the later 1970s. As it turned out, attempts to seek a constitutional solution became a feature of diplomatic dimensions of the postcolonial Rhodesian political landscape. The study concludes with the latter point. , Thesis (PHD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2011
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011-01
Adoption and use of a learning management system at the University of Fort Hare: environmental factors
- Authors: Xazela, M W H M
- Date: 2010-12
- Subjects: Management information systems , Technology -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25851 , vital:64498
- Description: Learning Management Systems are adopted and used by institutions of higher learning such as universities, universities of technology and colleges. The acceptance of integrating Learning Management Systems into the traditional classroom method of teaching and learning presents many challenges to academic staff, students, and management at various levels. If such challenges are not addressed they may lead to project failure. If such projects fail, institutions may not realise the returns on their investments as institutions usually allocate many of their resources to start such projects. This study addresses the question of which critical environmental and management success factors are necessary for the successful acceptance of such a technology and what is necessary for such a technology to be used continually. This study examines Information Systems literature, users‘ environmental and management factors, and perceptions in the context of an institution of higher learning to suggest Critical Success Factors for such a project. Critical Success Factors are identified and discussed under the contexts of Management Support, the appointment of a Project Champion, provision of training to project participants, provision of adequate access to computing resources, monitoring and evaluation of the project, the existence of strong communication channels, and creation of positive perceptions about the target technology. Acceptance models such as Technology Acceptance Model and the Expectation Confirmation Model in Information Systems literature are also taken into consideration in coming up with the suggested Critical Success Factors. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-12
- Authors: Xazela, M W H M
- Date: 2010-12
- Subjects: Management information systems , Technology -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25851 , vital:64498
- Description: Learning Management Systems are adopted and used by institutions of higher learning such as universities, universities of technology and colleges. The acceptance of integrating Learning Management Systems into the traditional classroom method of teaching and learning presents many challenges to academic staff, students, and management at various levels. If such challenges are not addressed they may lead to project failure. If such projects fail, institutions may not realise the returns on their investments as institutions usually allocate many of their resources to start such projects. This study addresses the question of which critical environmental and management success factors are necessary for the successful acceptance of such a technology and what is necessary for such a technology to be used continually. This study examines Information Systems literature, users‘ environmental and management factors, and perceptions in the context of an institution of higher learning to suggest Critical Success Factors for such a project. Critical Success Factors are identified and discussed under the contexts of Management Support, the appointment of a Project Champion, provision of training to project participants, provision of adequate access to computing resources, monitoring and evaluation of the project, the existence of strong communication channels, and creation of positive perceptions about the target technology. Acceptance models such as Technology Acceptance Model and the Expectation Confirmation Model in Information Systems literature are also taken into consideration in coming up with the suggested Critical Success Factors. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-12
Evaluation of the impact of financial fraud and corruption on the sustainable development of selected municipalities in South Africa
- Okubena, Olumuyiwa Olamilekan
- Authors: Okubena, Olumuyiwa Olamilekan
- Date: 2010-12
- Subjects: Sustainable development -- South Africa , Fraud -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25569 , vital:64335
- Description: This thesis explored the pernicious effects of financial fraud and corruption and the importance of the rule of law, transparency and accountability of public sector. These critical conditions serve as the foundation for the effective and efficient governance and the economic growth of a nation, especially through utilizing the opportunities provided by globalization through increased investment and trade. The thesis looks at the importance of upholding the rule of law and fostering transparency and accountability in the public sector in combating financial fraud and corruption, particularly as components of effective national strategies. The rule of law, transparency and accountability in the public sector serve not only as means to counter financial fraud and corruption but also as fundamental conditions of effective governance. It was discovered that financial fraud and corruption is a complex phenomenon, present in all countries. Its causes are engendered by conditions of underdevelopment. Hence, its effects hinder and impede the development process itself. It was also confirmed that financial fraud and corruption are co-determined by many other factors, including cultural and moral values. The motivation to remain honest may be weakened by low public official’s salaries, promotion of personnel unconnected to performance, dysfunctional government budgets, loss of organizational purpose, bad example by chief official’s and political leaders, or long established patron-client relationships, in which the sharing of bribes or the exchange of favors has become entrenched. Financial fraud and corruption can be highly concentrated at the top of a political system and associated with political power, or broadly based at lower levels in the system, associated with administrative processes and discretionary powers. Hence, bribes can be blatant or subtle and take many different forms, including cash payments, job offers, scholarships, foreign trips or political and other favors. Furthermore, the development of sustainable local authorities however is an ambitious issue that requires local authorities to focus on the improvement of the quality of life of present and future communities without depleting the natural resources at their disposal. For sustainable and equitable development, this study espouses on the far-reaching implications for local authorities through multiple regression analysis due to various economic, social and institutional challenges that have to be taken into consideration when a process to promote sustainable development is considered. To comprehensively actualize the implications of financial fraud and corruption on the sustainable development of local authorities, a multistage cluster sampling, a form of probability sampling technique was adopted. Semantically, to identify the research paradigms suitable for this study, a hybrid approach to research design was used (quantitative and qualitative). This however enables the impact of financial fraud and corruption on the sustainable development of selected local authorities in South Africa to be ascertained. Moreover, the study explores the circumstances and implications surrounding financial fraud and corruption in the local authorities in South-Africa. Financial fraud and corruption tends to emerge when an organization or a public official has monopoly power over a good or service that generates rent, has the discretionary power to decide who will receive it, and is not accountable. Financial fraud and corruption’s roots are grounded in a country’s social and cultural history, political and economic development, bureaucratic traditions and policies. This study also identifies that, direct and indirect factors promote financial fraud and corruption. Direct factors include regulations and authorizations, taxation, spending decisions, provision of goods and services at below market prices, and financing political parties. On the other hand, quality of bureaucracy, level of public sector wages, penalty systems, institutional controls, and transparency of rules, laws, and processes are the indirect factors that promote financial fraud and corruption. Financial fraud and corruption is a symptom of deep institutional weaknesses that leads to inefficient economic, social, and political outcomes. It reduces economic growth, retards long-term foreign and domestic investments, enhances inflation, depreciates national currency, reduces expenditures for education and health, increases military expenditures, misallocates talent to rent-seeking activities, pushes firms underground, distorts markets and the allocation of resources, increases income inequality and poverty, reduces tax revenue, increases child and infant mortality rates, distorts the fundamental role of the government (on enforcement of contracts and protection of property. Nonetheless, this study concludes that financial fraud and corruption impedes economic efficiency which could slow or shrink economic growth. This will adversely affect all income classes, especially the most vulnerable, the poor. The effect of financial fraud and corruption through investment expenditure on health and education critical to sustainable development was noted in this study. In practice, the distinction between governance and government and the resultant mechanisms directed at local sustainable development do not seem to be clear. Hence, lack of understanding of the meaning of sustainability and governance for local development is still lacking. Recommendations on the serious consequences of financial fraud and corruption on economic growth, capital formation, poverty and inequality to foster and address sustainable development are also provided in this study. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-12
- Authors: Okubena, Olumuyiwa Olamilekan
- Date: 2010-12
- Subjects: Sustainable development -- South Africa , Fraud -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25569 , vital:64335
- Description: This thesis explored the pernicious effects of financial fraud and corruption and the importance of the rule of law, transparency and accountability of public sector. These critical conditions serve as the foundation for the effective and efficient governance and the economic growth of a nation, especially through utilizing the opportunities provided by globalization through increased investment and trade. The thesis looks at the importance of upholding the rule of law and fostering transparency and accountability in the public sector in combating financial fraud and corruption, particularly as components of effective national strategies. The rule of law, transparency and accountability in the public sector serve not only as means to counter financial fraud and corruption but also as fundamental conditions of effective governance. It was discovered that financial fraud and corruption is a complex phenomenon, present in all countries. Its causes are engendered by conditions of underdevelopment. Hence, its effects hinder and impede the development process itself. It was also confirmed that financial fraud and corruption are co-determined by many other factors, including cultural and moral values. The motivation to remain honest may be weakened by low public official’s salaries, promotion of personnel unconnected to performance, dysfunctional government budgets, loss of organizational purpose, bad example by chief official’s and political leaders, or long established patron-client relationships, in which the sharing of bribes or the exchange of favors has become entrenched. Financial fraud and corruption can be highly concentrated at the top of a political system and associated with political power, or broadly based at lower levels in the system, associated with administrative processes and discretionary powers. Hence, bribes can be blatant or subtle and take many different forms, including cash payments, job offers, scholarships, foreign trips or political and other favors. Furthermore, the development of sustainable local authorities however is an ambitious issue that requires local authorities to focus on the improvement of the quality of life of present and future communities without depleting the natural resources at their disposal. For sustainable and equitable development, this study espouses on the far-reaching implications for local authorities through multiple regression analysis due to various economic, social and institutional challenges that have to be taken into consideration when a process to promote sustainable development is considered. To comprehensively actualize the implications of financial fraud and corruption on the sustainable development of local authorities, a multistage cluster sampling, a form of probability sampling technique was adopted. Semantically, to identify the research paradigms suitable for this study, a hybrid approach to research design was used (quantitative and qualitative). This however enables the impact of financial fraud and corruption on the sustainable development of selected local authorities in South Africa to be ascertained. Moreover, the study explores the circumstances and implications surrounding financial fraud and corruption in the local authorities in South-Africa. Financial fraud and corruption tends to emerge when an organization or a public official has monopoly power over a good or service that generates rent, has the discretionary power to decide who will receive it, and is not accountable. Financial fraud and corruption’s roots are grounded in a country’s social and cultural history, political and economic development, bureaucratic traditions and policies. This study also identifies that, direct and indirect factors promote financial fraud and corruption. Direct factors include regulations and authorizations, taxation, spending decisions, provision of goods and services at below market prices, and financing political parties. On the other hand, quality of bureaucracy, level of public sector wages, penalty systems, institutional controls, and transparency of rules, laws, and processes are the indirect factors that promote financial fraud and corruption. Financial fraud and corruption is a symptom of deep institutional weaknesses that leads to inefficient economic, social, and political outcomes. It reduces economic growth, retards long-term foreign and domestic investments, enhances inflation, depreciates national currency, reduces expenditures for education and health, increases military expenditures, misallocates talent to rent-seeking activities, pushes firms underground, distorts markets and the allocation of resources, increases income inequality and poverty, reduces tax revenue, increases child and infant mortality rates, distorts the fundamental role of the government (on enforcement of contracts and protection of property. Nonetheless, this study concludes that financial fraud and corruption impedes economic efficiency which could slow or shrink economic growth. This will adversely affect all income classes, especially the most vulnerable, the poor. The effect of financial fraud and corruption through investment expenditure on health and education critical to sustainable development was noted in this study. In practice, the distinction between governance and government and the resultant mechanisms directed at local sustainable development do not seem to be clear. Hence, lack of understanding of the meaning of sustainability and governance for local development is still lacking. Recommendations on the serious consequences of financial fraud and corruption on economic growth, capital formation, poverty and inequality to foster and address sustainable development are also provided in this study. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-12
Strategies for empowering Kenya's informal economy to realise its full potential for socio- economic development
- Authors: Nason, Benson Vundi
- Date: 2010-12
- Subjects: Informal sector (Economics) -- Kenya , Kenya -- Economic conditions , Economic development
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25676 , vital:64425
- Description: This study attempted to identify realistic strategies that are accepted by those in the Jua Kali sector of Kenya’s informal economy. The strategies were seen as being relevant, practical and achievable in integrating the sector, or some parts of it, in the formal economy. Special attention was given to export potential as the driving force in socio-economic development. Since Jua Kali enterprises are widely spread throughout an area covering all the more heavily populated regions of Kenya, including many small villages as well as major towns, a comprehensive, nationwide study was out of the question. For this reason, the study was limited to the following areas with known and readily accessible concentrations of Jua Kali entrepreneurs. This included key suburbs of Nairobi and key regional towns like Machakos, Athi River and Mlolongo. The objectives of the study were to establish the problems faced by the informal sector in Kenya, to find out how such problems have affected the relevant artisans, to investigate if the artisans were aware of those problems and what they were doing if anything, to solve the problems they encountered. Finally, the study sought to establish what the other stakeholders were doing to improve the informal sector. The bulk of the literature reviewed underscored the facts that: the manufacturing sub–sector of Kenya’s informal economy has immense potential as an engine for driving the nation’s economy. Secondly, the full potential of the informal sector will only be realised if the manufacturers concerned are empowered to develop their own strategies for developing the informal economy. Such strategies should aim towards the goal of producing and marketing high quality products that are sold to both local and at the international markets via exports. The study adopted critical ethnography as its research method. Critical ethnography as a method requires a plan for the conducting of field research that is reflexive in nature whereby the researcher facilitates a consensual process in which the subjects reflect on their own situation and develop their own solutions to problems. In the present case the process was a communal one with a consensual decision making and actions by the subjects. All interpretations and meaning to activities and actions to be taken were thereof informed by the subjects being studied. At the end of the study, the findings of the analysis were presented to each of the participating subjects for their final comments with those comments being incorporated in the report. The principles of critical ethnography therefore, were seen as providing an ideal framework for exploring the possibilities of self–empowerment that enabled the subjects of the study to fulfil their potential within this important sector. Data analysis and presentation have been presented using tables. Finally, the study’s conclusions and recommendations have been presented in the relevant and subsequent chapters therein. As opportunities and resources will allow in the future, the dissemination of the study findings will continue to be facilitated throughout the country of Kenya. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-12
- Authors: Nason, Benson Vundi
- Date: 2010-12
- Subjects: Informal sector (Economics) -- Kenya , Kenya -- Economic conditions , Economic development
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25676 , vital:64425
- Description: This study attempted to identify realistic strategies that are accepted by those in the Jua Kali sector of Kenya’s informal economy. The strategies were seen as being relevant, practical and achievable in integrating the sector, or some parts of it, in the formal economy. Special attention was given to export potential as the driving force in socio-economic development. Since Jua Kali enterprises are widely spread throughout an area covering all the more heavily populated regions of Kenya, including many small villages as well as major towns, a comprehensive, nationwide study was out of the question. For this reason, the study was limited to the following areas with known and readily accessible concentrations of Jua Kali entrepreneurs. This included key suburbs of Nairobi and key regional towns like Machakos, Athi River and Mlolongo. The objectives of the study were to establish the problems faced by the informal sector in Kenya, to find out how such problems have affected the relevant artisans, to investigate if the artisans were aware of those problems and what they were doing if anything, to solve the problems they encountered. Finally, the study sought to establish what the other stakeholders were doing to improve the informal sector. The bulk of the literature reviewed underscored the facts that: the manufacturing sub–sector of Kenya’s informal economy has immense potential as an engine for driving the nation’s economy. Secondly, the full potential of the informal sector will only be realised if the manufacturers concerned are empowered to develop their own strategies for developing the informal economy. Such strategies should aim towards the goal of producing and marketing high quality products that are sold to both local and at the international markets via exports. The study adopted critical ethnography as its research method. Critical ethnography as a method requires a plan for the conducting of field research that is reflexive in nature whereby the researcher facilitates a consensual process in which the subjects reflect on their own situation and develop their own solutions to problems. In the present case the process was a communal one with a consensual decision making and actions by the subjects. All interpretations and meaning to activities and actions to be taken were thereof informed by the subjects being studied. At the end of the study, the findings of the analysis were presented to each of the participating subjects for their final comments with those comments being incorporated in the report. The principles of critical ethnography therefore, were seen as providing an ideal framework for exploring the possibilities of self–empowerment that enabled the subjects of the study to fulfil their potential within this important sector. Data analysis and presentation have been presented using tables. Finally, the study’s conclusions and recommendations have been presented in the relevant and subsequent chapters therein. As opportunities and resources will allow in the future, the dissemination of the study findings will continue to be facilitated throughout the country of Kenya. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-12
The biggest boy on the planet: a case study describing the Therapeutic Journey of a boy with severe anxiety
- Authors: Laing, Caroline
- Date: 2010-12
- Subjects: Grahamstown (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25184 , vital:63985
- Description: The following paper describes the therapeutic journey of David (not his real name), an eight year old boy who was referred for therapy as a result of severe anxiety. David is a pupil at a remedial school, having moved from his previous school due to his being unable to cope academically and socially in a mainstream school environment. David had ten sessions of play therapy and the following paper provides a narrative account of the therapy process using a case study design. In the narratives, some of the themes which emerge during the course of therapy are described. The therapist’s theoretic orientation is explained as well as how this approach seemed to enable David, in the context of the therapeutic relationship, to express and make sense of his anxieties. , Thesis (M.Counselling Psychology) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-12
- Authors: Laing, Caroline
- Date: 2010-12
- Subjects: Grahamstown (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25184 , vital:63985
- Description: The following paper describes the therapeutic journey of David (not his real name), an eight year old boy who was referred for therapy as a result of severe anxiety. David is a pupil at a remedial school, having moved from his previous school due to his being unable to cope academically and socially in a mainstream school environment. David had ten sessions of play therapy and the following paper provides a narrative account of the therapy process using a case study design. In the narratives, some of the themes which emerge during the course of therapy are described. The therapist’s theoretic orientation is explained as well as how this approach seemed to enable David, in the context of the therapeutic relationship, to express and make sense of his anxieties. , Thesis (M.Counselling Psychology) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-12
The Influence of stakeholder orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of small tourism businesses in the Eastern Cape Province
- Maseko, Ian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1374-1660
- Authors: Maseko, Ian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1374-1660
- Date: 2010-12
- Subjects: Small business -- South Africa , Tourism -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25937 , vital:64635
- Description: Small businesses have been identified as a catalyst for the growth and expansion of both developed and developing economies. In South Africa, tourism is an important element of the economy and small tourism businesses play an integral role in this sector. However, the success of these firms is influenced by the business orientation adopted. In this regard, entrepreneurial orientation and stakeholder orientation are considered key factors in ensuring enterprise performance and longevity. The main objective of this research is to establish the relationship between stakeholder orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and the performance of small tourism businesses. In order to accomplish this purpose, the reliability and validity of the instrument was assessed, followed by a multiple regression analysis and a Pearson correlation analysis to test the proposed hypotheses. Overall findings from this study suggest that one dimension of stakeholder orientation and entrepreneurial orientation has a positive significant relationship with small firm performance. The results also confirm that stakeholder orientation dimensions and entrepreneurial orientation are positively correlated. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-12
- Authors: Maseko, Ian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1374-1660
- Date: 2010-12
- Subjects: Small business -- South Africa , Tourism -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25937 , vital:64635
- Description: Small businesses have been identified as a catalyst for the growth and expansion of both developed and developing economies. In South Africa, tourism is an important element of the economy and small tourism businesses play an integral role in this sector. However, the success of these firms is influenced by the business orientation adopted. In this regard, entrepreneurial orientation and stakeholder orientation are considered key factors in ensuring enterprise performance and longevity. The main objective of this research is to establish the relationship between stakeholder orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and the performance of small tourism businesses. In order to accomplish this purpose, the reliability and validity of the instrument was assessed, followed by a multiple regression analysis and a Pearson correlation analysis to test the proposed hypotheses. Overall findings from this study suggest that one dimension of stakeholder orientation and entrepreneurial orientation has a positive significant relationship with small firm performance. The results also confirm that stakeholder orientation dimensions and entrepreneurial orientation are positively correlated. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-12
The role of constructions of race in student's talk of (NON) participation in the activities of students political organisations
- Authors: Botha, Ryan
- Date: 2010-12
- Subjects: South African Students' Organisation. , Students -- Political activity -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27451 , vital:67329
- Description: South Africa has undergone widespread social, economic and political reconstruction since the inception of democracy in 1994. Underpinning these changes are available discourses on race that individuals use in constructing their identities. This article is an analysis of discourses on race emerging in the talk of white students accounting for (non)participation in the activities of the student political organisations (SPO’s) at the University of Fort Hare in East London. The argument here is that white students consistently assign racialized identities to SPO’s on campus by invoking deeply entrenched racially binarized discourses. These racialized discursive formations are available within South Africa’s contemporary linguistic landscape as well as its colonial past. In their talk, the participants in this study conflated SPO led structures and functions with ‘otherized’ conceptions of ‘blackness’. This confluence that white students create between SPO’s as well as terms that are shorthand for ‘blackness’ results in a distancing from and denigration of SPO’s and, more malignly, ’blackness’. It appears that whites use these problematic and racialized constructions of self and the ‘other’ to justify their non-participation in student politics on campus. This article explores the political implications of white students fixing identity in this manner. Hook’s (2010) notion of ‘white woundedness’ is brought into the discussion as a useful point of departure for rethinking ‘white’ identities in South Africa. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-12
- Authors: Botha, Ryan
- Date: 2010-12
- Subjects: South African Students' Organisation. , Students -- Political activity -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27451 , vital:67329
- Description: South Africa has undergone widespread social, economic and political reconstruction since the inception of democracy in 1994. Underpinning these changes are available discourses on race that individuals use in constructing their identities. This article is an analysis of discourses on race emerging in the talk of white students accounting for (non)participation in the activities of the student political organisations (SPO’s) at the University of Fort Hare in East London. The argument here is that white students consistently assign racialized identities to SPO’s on campus by invoking deeply entrenched racially binarized discourses. These racialized discursive formations are available within South Africa’s contemporary linguistic landscape as well as its colonial past. In their talk, the participants in this study conflated SPO led structures and functions with ‘otherized’ conceptions of ‘blackness’. This confluence that white students create between SPO’s as well as terms that are shorthand for ‘blackness’ results in a distancing from and denigration of SPO’s and, more malignly, ’blackness’. It appears that whites use these problematic and racialized constructions of self and the ‘other’ to justify their non-participation in student politics on campus. This article explores the political implications of white students fixing identity in this manner. Hook’s (2010) notion of ‘white woundedness’ is brought into the discussion as a useful point of departure for rethinking ‘white’ identities in South Africa. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-12
Trust and identity management within online social networks
- Authors: Galpin, Ryan
- Date: 2010-12
- Subjects: Online social networks , Data privacy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25972 , vital:64638
- Description: Online social networking is one of the largest Internet activities, with almost one third of all daily Internet users visiting these websites. Characteristics of this environment are issues relating to trust, user privacy and anonymity. Service providers are focused primarily on acquiring users, and little attention is given to the effective management of these users within the social networking environment. This study serves to evaluate if proper identity management processes and controls are needed to protect users and their informational privacy, while establishing a higher degree of user trust for other users and the system. Design Science is followed as the primary methodology, with the final outcome being a proposed artefact. Through a detailed experiment, an evaluation of the controls and processes exhibited by Facebook and MySpace was conducted. The areas of evaluation were identified through the Vulnerability Mitigation and Assessment (VAM) methodology. The findings of this experiment, together with the secondary data reviewed, form the proposed artefact, which is a set of controls aimed at increasing trust and privacy through the effective implementation of these controls and identity management processes. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-12
- Authors: Galpin, Ryan
- Date: 2010-12
- Subjects: Online social networks , Data privacy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25972 , vital:64638
- Description: Online social networking is one of the largest Internet activities, with almost one third of all daily Internet users visiting these websites. Characteristics of this environment are issues relating to trust, user privacy and anonymity. Service providers are focused primarily on acquiring users, and little attention is given to the effective management of these users within the social networking environment. This study serves to evaluate if proper identity management processes and controls are needed to protect users and their informational privacy, while establishing a higher degree of user trust for other users and the system. Design Science is followed as the primary methodology, with the final outcome being a proposed artefact. Through a detailed experiment, an evaluation of the controls and processes exhibited by Facebook and MySpace was conducted. The areas of evaluation were identified through the Vulnerability Mitigation and Assessment (VAM) methodology. The findings of this experiment, together with the secondary data reviewed, form the proposed artefact, which is a set of controls aimed at increasing trust and privacy through the effective implementation of these controls and identity management processes. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-12
International legal protection of women's reproductive rights: a comparative analysis of abortion laws and policies in four jurisdictions-Nigeria, Ghana, South Africa and U.S.A.
- Authors: Abiodun, Adeleke Funminiyi
- Date: 2010-10
- Subjects: Abortion -- Law and legislation , Reproductive right
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25839 , vital:64491
- Description: The subject matter of abortion law is extremely broad and multi-disciplinary. While naturally having its basis in criminal and constitutional law of individual states, the global development of abortion discourse has been influenced by the need to protect the reproductive rights of women as a sub-set of international human rights laws; thereby advocating not only the decriminalisation of abortion but also, that individual State should take affirmative actions in promoting abortion as a right for every woman. However, that induced abortion is a punishable criminal act or a “protectable” woman’s reproductive right remains controversial due to the plethora of perspectives, beliefs and reservations held by different groups of people which are multi-dimensional and contradictory. This thesis therefore attempts a comparative study of abortion laws and policies in four jurisdictions: Nigeria and Ghana, operating criminalised abortion laws, South Africa and United States which operate liberalised/permissive abortion laws and policies. The study basically examines the legal status and reproductive rights of women to legal and safe abortion within the existing legal framework of national laws of the four selected jurisdictions vis-à-vis the legal protection offered by various international instruments on human rights. While we show that strict and restrictive abortion laws, and also, failure of States to create conditions for safe abortion constitute infractions of the reproductive rights of women, we submit further that over-liberalisation of abortion laws and policies could also amount to infringement of the basic rights of other people, thus there is need to ensure a legal and acceptable balance. The study finally acknowledges the role of international human rights laws in the protection of women’s right to legal and safe abortion but asserts that there can be no universally acceptable morality to which the whole world could subsume in term of women’s right to abortion due to the interplay of socio-cultural, religious, and moral affiliations of the people in different communities. , Thesis (LLD) -- Faculty of Law, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-10
- Authors: Abiodun, Adeleke Funminiyi
- Date: 2010-10
- Subjects: Abortion -- Law and legislation , Reproductive right
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25839 , vital:64491
- Description: The subject matter of abortion law is extremely broad and multi-disciplinary. While naturally having its basis in criminal and constitutional law of individual states, the global development of abortion discourse has been influenced by the need to protect the reproductive rights of women as a sub-set of international human rights laws; thereby advocating not only the decriminalisation of abortion but also, that individual State should take affirmative actions in promoting abortion as a right for every woman. However, that induced abortion is a punishable criminal act or a “protectable” woman’s reproductive right remains controversial due to the plethora of perspectives, beliefs and reservations held by different groups of people which are multi-dimensional and contradictory. This thesis therefore attempts a comparative study of abortion laws and policies in four jurisdictions: Nigeria and Ghana, operating criminalised abortion laws, South Africa and United States which operate liberalised/permissive abortion laws and policies. The study basically examines the legal status and reproductive rights of women to legal and safe abortion within the existing legal framework of national laws of the four selected jurisdictions vis-à-vis the legal protection offered by various international instruments on human rights. While we show that strict and restrictive abortion laws, and also, failure of States to create conditions for safe abortion constitute infractions of the reproductive rights of women, we submit further that over-liberalisation of abortion laws and policies could also amount to infringement of the basic rights of other people, thus there is need to ensure a legal and acceptable balance. The study finally acknowledges the role of international human rights laws in the protection of women’s right to legal and safe abortion but asserts that there can be no universally acceptable morality to which the whole world could subsume in term of women’s right to abortion due to the interplay of socio-cultural, religious, and moral affiliations of the people in different communities. , Thesis (LLD) -- Faculty of Law, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-10
Optimizing geochemical sampling sizes and quantifying uncertainties for environmental risk assessment using Anglogold-Ashanti Gold Mines as a case study
- Authors: Chihobvu, Elizabeth
- Date: 2010-04
- Subjects: Environmental risk assessment , Geochemical prospecting
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24443 , vital:62796
- Description: Generally, and particularly in South Africa, limited work done on the development of methodologies for sample sizing and quantifying uncertainties in geochemical sampling and analyses. As a result, little trust is placed on the long-term predictions of geochemical modelling for Environmental Risk Assessment (E.R.A). In addition, this leads to the slow approval of mining authorisations, water use licenses and mine closure plans. This dissertation addresses this deficiency in geochemical sampling and analyses specifically for ERA and proposes two methodologies (i) for quantifying uncertainties in geochemical sampling and analysis as a function of sample size and analyses and (ii) for determining the optimum sample size to ensure data quality. The statistical analysis approach was adopted as the best method for sample size determination. The approach is based on the premise that the size of the study sample is critical to producing meaningful results. The size of the required samples depends on a number of factors including purpose of the study, available budget, variability of the population being sampled, acceptable errors and confidence level. The methodology for estimating uncertainty is a fusion of existing methodologies for quantifying measurement uncertainty. The methodology takes a holistic view of the measurement process to include all processes involved in obtaining measurement results as possible uncertainty components. Like the statistical analysis approach, the methodology employs basic statistical principles in estimating the size of uncertainty, associated with a given measurement result. The approach identifies each component of uncertainty; estimates the size of each component and sums the contribution of each component in order to approximate the overall uncertainty value, associated with a given measurement result. The two methods were applied to Acid-Base Accounting (ABA) data derived from geochemical assessment for ERA of the West Wits and Vaal River (Ashanti Gold mines) tailings dams undertaken by Pulles and Howard de Lange Inc. on behalf of AngloGold Ltd. The study was aimed at assessing and evaluating the potential of tailings dams in the two mining areas to impact on water quality and implications of this in terms of mine closure and rehabilitation. Findings from this study show that the number of samples needed is influenced by the purpose of the study, size of the target area, nature and type of material, budget, acceptable error and the confidence level required, among other factors. Acceptable error has an exponential relationship with sample size hence one can minimize error by increasing sample size. While a low value of acceptable error value and high confidence are always desirable, a tradeoff among these competing factors must be found, given the usually limited funds and time. The findings also demonstrated that uncertainties in geochemical sampling and analysis are unavoidable. They arise from the fact that only a small portion of the population rather than a census is used to derive conclusions about certain characteristics of the target population. This is further augmented by other influential quantities that affect the accuracy of the estimates. Effects such as poor sampling design, inadequate sample size, sample heterogeneity and other factors highly affect data quality and representivity hence measurement uncertainty. Among these factors, those associated with sampling, mainly heterogeneity was found to be the strongest contributing factor toward overall uncertainty. This implies an increased proportion of expenditure should be channelled toward sampling to minimise uncertainty. Uncertainties can be reduced by adopting good sampling practices and increasing sample size, among other methods. It is recommended that more information be made available for proper uncertainty analysis. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-04
- Authors: Chihobvu, Elizabeth
- Date: 2010-04
- Subjects: Environmental risk assessment , Geochemical prospecting
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24443 , vital:62796
- Description: Generally, and particularly in South Africa, limited work done on the development of methodologies for sample sizing and quantifying uncertainties in geochemical sampling and analyses. As a result, little trust is placed on the long-term predictions of geochemical modelling for Environmental Risk Assessment (E.R.A). In addition, this leads to the slow approval of mining authorisations, water use licenses and mine closure plans. This dissertation addresses this deficiency in geochemical sampling and analyses specifically for ERA and proposes two methodologies (i) for quantifying uncertainties in geochemical sampling and analysis as a function of sample size and analyses and (ii) for determining the optimum sample size to ensure data quality. The statistical analysis approach was adopted as the best method for sample size determination. The approach is based on the premise that the size of the study sample is critical to producing meaningful results. The size of the required samples depends on a number of factors including purpose of the study, available budget, variability of the population being sampled, acceptable errors and confidence level. The methodology for estimating uncertainty is a fusion of existing methodologies for quantifying measurement uncertainty. The methodology takes a holistic view of the measurement process to include all processes involved in obtaining measurement results as possible uncertainty components. Like the statistical analysis approach, the methodology employs basic statistical principles in estimating the size of uncertainty, associated with a given measurement result. The approach identifies each component of uncertainty; estimates the size of each component and sums the contribution of each component in order to approximate the overall uncertainty value, associated with a given measurement result. The two methods were applied to Acid-Base Accounting (ABA) data derived from geochemical assessment for ERA of the West Wits and Vaal River (Ashanti Gold mines) tailings dams undertaken by Pulles and Howard de Lange Inc. on behalf of AngloGold Ltd. The study was aimed at assessing and evaluating the potential of tailings dams in the two mining areas to impact on water quality and implications of this in terms of mine closure and rehabilitation. Findings from this study show that the number of samples needed is influenced by the purpose of the study, size of the target area, nature and type of material, budget, acceptable error and the confidence level required, among other factors. Acceptable error has an exponential relationship with sample size hence one can minimize error by increasing sample size. While a low value of acceptable error value and high confidence are always desirable, a tradeoff among these competing factors must be found, given the usually limited funds and time. The findings also demonstrated that uncertainties in geochemical sampling and analysis are unavoidable. They arise from the fact that only a small portion of the population rather than a census is used to derive conclusions about certain characteristics of the target population. This is further augmented by other influential quantities that affect the accuracy of the estimates. Effects such as poor sampling design, inadequate sample size, sample heterogeneity and other factors highly affect data quality and representivity hence measurement uncertainty. Among these factors, those associated with sampling, mainly heterogeneity was found to be the strongest contributing factor toward overall uncertainty. This implies an increased proportion of expenditure should be channelled toward sampling to minimise uncertainty. Uncertainties can be reduced by adopting good sampling practices and increasing sample size, among other methods. It is recommended that more information be made available for proper uncertainty analysis. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-04
'I won't be squeezed into someone else's frame': Stories of supervisor selection
- Harrison, Liz, McKenna, Sioux, Searle, Ruth
- Authors: Harrison, Liz , McKenna, Sioux , Searle, Ruth
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187395 , vital:44629 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC15100"
- Description: Using a collection of stories from a group of women who belong to a PhD support group, this article tracks the issue of choosing a supervisor. These women are all academics and therefore had some claim to an "insider" status but as novice researchers they were also "outsiders". Their discussions around how and why they chose their supervisors highlight issues often underplayed or ignored in textbooks on postgraduate supervision. In particular, this article examines issues of knowledge, embodied subjectivity and power by following three questions that arise from the data : whose knowing is important; who should I be, and whose PhD is it?
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Harrison, Liz , McKenna, Sioux , Searle, Ruth
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187395 , vital:44629 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC15100"
- Description: Using a collection of stories from a group of women who belong to a PhD support group, this article tracks the issue of choosing a supervisor. These women are all academics and therefore had some claim to an "insider" status but as novice researchers they were also "outsiders". Their discussions around how and why they chose their supervisors highlight issues often underplayed or ignored in textbooks on postgraduate supervision. In particular, this article examines issues of knowledge, embodied subjectivity and power by following three questions that arise from the data : whose knowing is important; who should I be, and whose PhD is it?
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
31P NMR kinetic study of the tandem cleavage of phosphonate esters by bromotrimethylsilane
- Conibear, Anne C, Lobb, Kevin A, Kaye, Perry T
- Authors: Conibear, Anne C , Lobb, Kevin A , Kaye, Perry T
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/449304 , vital:74810 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2010.08.058"
- Description: 1H and 31P NMR methods have been used to access rate constants and activation parameters for each of the consecutive second-order silylation reactions involved in the overall transformation (1a→3a→4a), while computational optimisation of the rate constants obtained from the initial, linear phase of each reaction has permitted an excellent fit with the experimental data for the entire course of the reaction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Conibear, Anne C , Lobb, Kevin A , Kaye, Perry T
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/449304 , vital:74810 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2010.08.058"
- Description: 1H and 31P NMR methods have been used to access rate constants and activation parameters for each of the consecutive second-order silylation reactions involved in the overall transformation (1a→3a→4a), while computational optimisation of the rate constants obtained from the initial, linear phase of each reaction has permitted an excellent fit with the experimental data for the entire course of the reaction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Adoption of IT Systems by HR professionals in order to enhance efficacy at the University of Fort Hare
- Authors: Ngqubekile, Nolufefe
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Management information systems , Personnel management , Public administration
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27176 , vital:66326
- Description: This study seeks to address the adoption of Integrated Tertiary Software (ITS), ease of use of ITS and continuous usage in Human Resources Departments. The focus of this research project is User Acceptance and Continued Use of ITS within the HR Department - the case of Fort Hare University. The University is a multi - campus operation and the use of paper systems is extremely difficult. The University made a decision to invest in ITS with the objective of improving effectiveness and efficiency of services. The nature of the problem is that ITS is partially used and it is necessary to further explore the specific influence of technological and environmental factors that may change the user’s acceptance and use of this IT System. The nature of this study is Qualitative and follows an Interpretive Approach. The Research Instrument used is an in-depth questionnaire distributed and responded to by all HR Professionals at the UFH. Recommendations based on findings will be used to design the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for the Adoption of IT Systems by HR Professionals in order to enhance efficacy at the University of Fort Hare. The CSFs can be generalized to other settings and were identified for the UFH HR Department to include. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce , 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Ngqubekile, Nolufefe
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Management information systems , Personnel management , Public administration
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27176 , vital:66326
- Description: This study seeks to address the adoption of Integrated Tertiary Software (ITS), ease of use of ITS and continuous usage in Human Resources Departments. The focus of this research project is User Acceptance and Continued Use of ITS within the HR Department - the case of Fort Hare University. The University is a multi - campus operation and the use of paper systems is extremely difficult. The University made a decision to invest in ITS with the objective of improving effectiveness and efficiency of services. The nature of the problem is that ITS is partially used and it is necessary to further explore the specific influence of technological and environmental factors that may change the user’s acceptance and use of this IT System. The nature of this study is Qualitative and follows an Interpretive Approach. The Research Instrument used is an in-depth questionnaire distributed and responded to by all HR Professionals at the UFH. Recommendations based on findings will be used to design the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for the Adoption of IT Systems by HR Professionals in order to enhance efficacy at the University of Fort Hare. The CSFs can be generalized to other settings and were identified for the UFH HR Department to include. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce , 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
An investigation of the impact of the funding strategy of government on the sustainability of NGO work in them health sector: a case of the Eastern Cape province in South Africa
- Authors: Vhutuzah,Miriam.
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Non-governmental organization , Health services administration , Sustainable development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25926 , vital:64564
- Description: Under the apartheid regime the blacks suffered from social exclusion whereby the state sought to provide social services to the white community. Blacks used NGOs to fight the apartheid regime after the banning of political parties by the government. The government tried to quell the social unrest by instituting restrictive legislation to the NGOs. However, the NGOs managed to survive by getting funds from external sources that were anti-apartheid and the funding was camouflaged. While the blacks used the NGOs as frontiers to fight apartheid, they also provided services like health, education and others. The white NGOs managed to thrive unabated. After the fall of apartheid, many leaders left the NGO sector to join the government. It has been of great concern to note that after the apartheid, NGOs failed to assume the position that they used to possess during apartheid. The major objective of the study was to assess the funding strategy of the government in relation to the sustainability of the work of NGOs. This was achieved through analysing the guiding principles and prerequisites of the government in terms of procedures of disbursing funds to NGOs and how this affects NGO operations. The research made use of one major approach in the social sciences which is qualitative. The use of a qualitative technique reflects an attempt to ensure an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon in question. This is what was needed by the question under study, to understand the institutional environment of NGOs by looking into their operational experiences and holding in-depth interviews with NGOs and government officials in order to understand their views about the existing funding strategy. The study found out that the pre-requisites of the funding organisations can be met by NGOs which previously thrived under the apartheid government. Due to their more sophisticated nature, it is these types of NGOs that interface most effectively with the donor community and are major beneficiaries of the bulk of donor funding. It also discovered that the rural-based NGOs are not networked and only rely on government funding which is short-lived. Some of the well established NGOs manipulate the existing opportunities to pursue private interests. Moreover, donors are mainly interested in funding popular activities like AIDS but they target well established organisations. In view of the above findings, the study recommends that the pre-requisites for NGOs must be streamlined to the rural-based NGOs and communication from the government should be improved especially for the rural-based NGOs where forms of communication are limited. There is need to establish an independent body, mandated by the government to carry out NGO issues .The government should also introduce incentives to the donors that fund rural-based NGOs and also encourage donors to fund TB activities by introducing incentives. Moreover, there is need for the government to adopt institutional development principles which emphasises on internal organizational development by training NGO members in order to improve their skills. Externally, the institutional impediments like inherited legal instruments that were pro-apartheid should be addressed. Lastly, there is need for the government to engage NGOs in the policy making process. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce , 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Vhutuzah,Miriam.
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Non-governmental organization , Health services administration , Sustainable development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25926 , vital:64564
- Description: Under the apartheid regime the blacks suffered from social exclusion whereby the state sought to provide social services to the white community. Blacks used NGOs to fight the apartheid regime after the banning of political parties by the government. The government tried to quell the social unrest by instituting restrictive legislation to the NGOs. However, the NGOs managed to survive by getting funds from external sources that were anti-apartheid and the funding was camouflaged. While the blacks used the NGOs as frontiers to fight apartheid, they also provided services like health, education and others. The white NGOs managed to thrive unabated. After the fall of apartheid, many leaders left the NGO sector to join the government. It has been of great concern to note that after the apartheid, NGOs failed to assume the position that they used to possess during apartheid. The major objective of the study was to assess the funding strategy of the government in relation to the sustainability of the work of NGOs. This was achieved through analysing the guiding principles and prerequisites of the government in terms of procedures of disbursing funds to NGOs and how this affects NGO operations. The research made use of one major approach in the social sciences which is qualitative. The use of a qualitative technique reflects an attempt to ensure an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon in question. This is what was needed by the question under study, to understand the institutional environment of NGOs by looking into their operational experiences and holding in-depth interviews with NGOs and government officials in order to understand their views about the existing funding strategy. The study found out that the pre-requisites of the funding organisations can be met by NGOs which previously thrived under the apartheid government. Due to their more sophisticated nature, it is these types of NGOs that interface most effectively with the donor community and are major beneficiaries of the bulk of donor funding. It also discovered that the rural-based NGOs are not networked and only rely on government funding which is short-lived. Some of the well established NGOs manipulate the existing opportunities to pursue private interests. Moreover, donors are mainly interested in funding popular activities like AIDS but they target well established organisations. In view of the above findings, the study recommends that the pre-requisites for NGOs must be streamlined to the rural-based NGOs and communication from the government should be improved especially for the rural-based NGOs where forms of communication are limited. There is need to establish an independent body, mandated by the government to carry out NGO issues .The government should also introduce incentives to the donors that fund rural-based NGOs and also encourage donors to fund TB activities by introducing incentives. Moreover, there is need for the government to adopt institutional development principles which emphasises on internal organizational development by training NGO members in order to improve their skills. Externally, the institutional impediments like inherited legal instruments that were pro-apartheid should be addressed. Lastly, there is need for the government to engage NGOs in the policy making process. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce , 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Applications of polymerized metal tetra-amino phthalocyanines towards hydrogen peroxide detection
- Mashazi, Philani N, Togo, Chumunorwa, Limson, Janice L, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Mashazi, Philani N , Togo, Chumunorwa , Limson, Janice L , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/261840 , vital:53451 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424610001994"
- Description: This work reports the use of metallo tetra-amino phthalocyanines (MTAPc, M = Co and Mn) polymer thin films on gold and glassy carbon electrode surfaces for the detection and monitoring of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The polymer-modified electrodes were characterized using electrochemical and microscopic-based methods. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the bare and polymer-modified ITO surfaces. The electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 with glassy carbon polymer-modified electrodes gave higher current densities compared to their gold counterparts. The electroanalytical properties of H2O2 were obtained using a real-time calibration curve of the amperometric determination in pH 7.4 aqueous solution. The limits of detection (LoD) of the polymer-modified electrodes towards electroreduction of H2O2 were of the order of 10–7 M, with high sensitivity ranging from 6.0–15.4 mA.mM-1.cm-2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mashazi, Philani N , Togo, Chumunorwa , Limson, Janice L , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/261840 , vital:53451 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424610001994"
- Description: This work reports the use of metallo tetra-amino phthalocyanines (MTAPc, M = Co and Mn) polymer thin films on gold and glassy carbon electrode surfaces for the detection and monitoring of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The polymer-modified electrodes were characterized using electrochemical and microscopic-based methods. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the bare and polymer-modified ITO surfaces. The electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 with glassy carbon polymer-modified electrodes gave higher current densities compared to their gold counterparts. The electroanalytical properties of H2O2 were obtained using a real-time calibration curve of the amperometric determination in pH 7.4 aqueous solution. The limits of detection (LoD) of the polymer-modified electrodes towards electroreduction of H2O2 were of the order of 10–7 M, with high sensitivity ranging from 6.0–15.4 mA.mM-1.cm-2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Art and Ethical Criticism, edited by Garry L. Hagberg
- Authors: Jones, Ward E
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/275612 , vital:55063 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzq098"
- Description: Book Review: If there is a norm that a book’s title should give a reliable indication of its contents, Art and Ethical Criticism does not quite meet it. By my judgement, only seven of its twelve essays concern either the ethical criticism of art or the criticism of ethical positions within artworks.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Jones, Ward E
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/275612 , vital:55063 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzq098"
- Description: Book Review: If there is a norm that a book’s title should give a reliable indication of its contents, Art and Ethical Criticism does not quite meet it. By my judgement, only seven of its twelve essays concern either the ethical criticism of art or the criticism of ethical positions within artworks.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Assessment of antibiotic production by some marine actinomycetes belonging to the genera norcadia, saccharopolyspora and kibdellosporangium.
- Koba, Siziwe (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6761-6403)
- Authors: Koba, Siziwe (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6761-6403)
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Actinobacteria , Bacteria , Actinomycetales
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25811 , vital:64488
- Description: Antibacterial potency of the extracts of the three marine actinomycetes strains which were isolated in the Nahoon Beach and tentatively identified as the genera Norcadia, Kibdellosporingium and Saccharopolyspora were investigated in this study against a panel of referenced, environmental and clinical bacterial strains. The ethyl acetate extracts of these marine actinomycetes were screened for activity against 32 bacterial isolates. Out of the 32 organisms, 10 were susceptible to one or all the extracts used. Antibacterial activity was mainly observed against Gram-negative organisms with Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.078 mg/ml to >10mg/ml. The killing rates of the active extracts were also elucidated using standard procedures. The two extracts NO64 and NO53 showed rapid bactericidal activity against B. pumilus ATCC 14884 and Serratia marcens with a 3Log10 reduction in counts within 6 hours at 3.75 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml respectively. In conclusion, the ethyl acetate extract of these marine actinomycetes strains possess strong bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities against Gram negative organisms and can be therapeutically useful in the treatment of bacterial infections which are mainly caused by Gram negative bacteria. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Koba, Siziwe (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6761-6403)
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Actinobacteria , Bacteria , Actinomycetales
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25811 , vital:64488
- Description: Antibacterial potency of the extracts of the three marine actinomycetes strains which were isolated in the Nahoon Beach and tentatively identified as the genera Norcadia, Kibdellosporingium and Saccharopolyspora were investigated in this study against a panel of referenced, environmental and clinical bacterial strains. The ethyl acetate extracts of these marine actinomycetes were screened for activity against 32 bacterial isolates. Out of the 32 organisms, 10 were susceptible to one or all the extracts used. Antibacterial activity was mainly observed against Gram-negative organisms with Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.078 mg/ml to >10mg/ml. The killing rates of the active extracts were also elucidated using standard procedures. The two extracts NO64 and NO53 showed rapid bactericidal activity against B. pumilus ATCC 14884 and Serratia marcens with a 3Log10 reduction in counts within 6 hours at 3.75 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml respectively. In conclusion, the ethyl acetate extract of these marine actinomycetes strains possess strong bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities against Gram negative organisms and can be therapeutically useful in the treatment of bacterial infections which are mainly caused by Gram negative bacteria. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010