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Using an RTSP Proxy to implement the IPTV Media Function via a streaming server

  • Authors: Shibeshi, Zelalem S , Terzoli, Alfredo , Bradshaw, Karen L
  • Date: 2010
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/477122 , vital:78047 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUMT16976.2010"
  • Description: Multimedia in IMS, including IPTV, is handled by a separate unit, the Media Function (MF), which is made up of Media Control and Media Delivery Functions (MCF and MDF). According to the different specifications of an IMS based IPTV architecture, the User Equipment (UE) is expected to use the RTSP protocol as a media control protocol to interact with the MCF, and gets delivery of media from the MDF using the RTP protocol. This generally means that the streaming session is initiated from the media controller on behalf of the user but the delivery of media is sent to the UE from the media deliverer (media server). Due to lack of free and open source Media Servers and on the contrary, the availability of free and open source Streaming Servers, the ideal choice for the delivery of media in multimedia services, including IPTV, by the research community are Streaming Servers. Nevertheless, because of denial of service attack and other issues, most streaming servers do not allow different locations for the session setup request and the delivery of media of the streaming session. This makes it difficult to have a separate media control unit for IPTV service in IMS, if one wants to use a streaming server as an MDF unit. For this purpose we propose another component (an RTSP proxy and relay unit) to be part of the IPTV Media Function (MF). The unit will be used to mediate between the MFC and MDF and will properly relay media control (RTSP) commands from the UE and MFC to the MDF and RTP packets from the MDF to the UE. This, we believe, will facilitate the development of an IPTV service using readily available open source streaming servers. In this paper we show how this RTSP proxy and relay unit can be integrated into the Media Function of the IPTV architecture to ease the media delivery process of IMS based IPTV service.
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  • Date Issued: 2010

‘We do not cook, we only assist them’: Constructions of hegemonic masculinity through gendered activity

  • Authors: Ratele, Kopano , Shefer, Tamara , Strebel, Anna , Fouten, Elron
  • Date: 2010
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/277945 , vital:55334 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2010.10820414"
  • Description: This article discusses how the gendering of activity by boys coincides with, contests or recreates constructions of hegemonic masculinity in the context of South Africa. The study used a qualitative methodology including a series of three focus groups with 14–16 year-old boys across six different schools in the Western Cape, South Africa. A discursive analysis in which particular attention was paid to how participants construct their masculinity in relation to what they may or may not do as boys/men was conducted. The findings foreground how articulations of masculinity by boys are characterised by efforts to gender activity in the process of, amongst other things, counter blushing—meaning not to be regarded as girl-like or a moffie, or other derogatory notions that do not fit with hegemonic masculinity in a particular context. However, resistances and alternative views on what boys/men can and cannot do also emerged, highlighting the contested nature of current constructions of masculinity among young people in South Africa.
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  • Date Issued: 2010

Practices of media production and positioning of women in South African newspaper articles about abortion, 1978 to 2005

  • Authors: Feltham-King, Tracey https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8695-9367
  • Date: 2010-01
  • Subjects: Abortion -- Press coverage , Abortion -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Abortion -- Moral and ethical aspects
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28728 , vital:74638
  • Description: The context in which legal abortion occurred changed radically in South Africa from 1978 to 2005. The Abortion and Sterilization Act Act No.2 of 1975 severely compromised most South African women's reprouctive rights. Legal abortions were only accessible in practice to white middle-class women. After the process of democratization was initiated the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act Act No.92 of 1996 came into effect. This Act was hailed as a complete transformation of the previous legislation and sought to make abortion legal and accessible to all South African women within the first trimester of their pregnancies. This study sought to examine the influence of this transformation on the practices of media production and the representation of women in newspaper articles written about abortion. A post-structuralist feminist approach to a content analysis was adopted using articles about abortion which were published in 25 South African newspapers over a 28-year period. The practices of media production were quantified by looking at the events which were reported on in the newspapers in relation to abortion as well as the commentators who were called on to comment in those articles. The practices of representation were identified according to the words used to indicate the subject woman, in those articles and the discourses used to position women in relation to abortion. The media practices of production were shown to be historically contingent. There was a shift from reports of events occurring in the formalised knowledge domain, before the transition to democracy, to events generated by the politics of individual opinion, after 1990. Although state and political commentators were the most prevalent as commentators overall, after 1990 individual media experts comprised the greatest proportion of individual commentators. This coincided with the generation of more dialogue, discussion, opinion and commentary about the topic of abortion. Women emerged more prominently as commentators around the time of legislative change and initial implementation of the new legislation. Overall a strong relationship emerged between the gender of the commentators and their alignment to the abortion issue. Male commentators were most often aligned to the pro-life side of the debate and female commentators most often to the pro-choice lobby. The strategic utilisation of particular indicators and subject positions for women in newspaper articles about abortion was evident. There was an increase of the use of the term girl at the time when the new legislation was being formulated and challenged. Women were only made visible as autonomous subjects after 1990, when the transition to democracy had begun. Despite this visibility and the radical transformation of the abortion legislation, however, women are still most often positioned as victims in newspaper articles written about abortion. , Thesis (M.Soc. Sc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2010
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  • Date Issued: 2010-01

Composition Portfolio

  • Authors: Appollis, Sylvester
  • Date: 201u
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/193476 , vital:45335
  • Description: Composition portfolio. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music and Musicology, 201u
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  • Date Issued: 201u

An empirical investigation of the balance sheet channel of monetary policy transmission in South Africa

  • Authors: Kelvin, Mudita
  • Date: 2009-12
  • Subjects: Transmission mechanism (Monetary policy) -- South Africa , Financial statements
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24106 , vital:62375
  • Description: The intention of this study is to outline an empirical framework of the balance sheet channel of monetary policy transmission in South Africa. Specifically, this study examines how monetary policy decisions are transmitted, through the balance sheet of business firms, to the real economy. The study is motivated by the fact that credit has now occupied an important role in the funding of new capital investment in South Africa. Thus, the balance sheet channel may become a relevant channel in the monetary policy transmission process. This study augments the co integration and vector auto regression (VAR) analysis with impulse response and variance decomposition analyses to provide evidence for the balance sheet channel. The study employs quarterly South African data covering the period 1980 to 2008. For that purpose, The VAR model will contain the following variables, Bank rate (monetary policy effect), External finance premium (information asymmetry channel), stock market capitalization (to cater for the collateral channel), Changes in industrial and commercial inventories (cashflows channel), credit extension (to cater for the effect of credit demand), and gross domestic product (to cater for the aggregate shock). The study finds evidence in support of the balance sheet channel of monetary policy transmission in South Africa. The channel is weak as proved by the results. Therefore, the balance sheet channel should not be neglected from both the policy perspective and academic literature point of view in South Africa. However, the findings may only pertain to idiosyncratic economic developments during the sample period, while not necessarily serving as a best guide as to how the South African economy would work in the future. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2009
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  • Date Issued: 2009-12

Approach to National Health Workforce Planning for health service delivery in South Africa

  • Authors: Mahlathi, Malixole Percival
  • Date: 2009-12
  • Subjects: Health planning , Rural health services , Labor turnover
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25216 , vital:64058
  • Description: Although South Africa educates and trains many health professionals of various categories, it continues to experience relative and critical shortages of these professionals especially at its rural health facilities. It boasts more than 15 Faculties of Health Sciences which train a variety of health professionals. In addition to training for its own purposes, it also offers training for several countries in the Southern African Development Community. The burden of disease is considered to be high and increasing, complicated by the HIV and AIDS epidemic. In the light of these challenges it is necessary that South Africa engages in careful health workforce planning as a long term approach to solve shortage of health professionals and improving the delivery of health services. This study examines the health workforce planning approaches by the various Provincial Departments of Health and the student planning approaches by the Faculties of Health Sciences of the Higher Education Institutions that train health professionals. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2009
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  • Date Issued: 2009-12

Housing delivery and empowerment in Post - Apartheid South Africa: The Case of Nkonkobe Municipality

  • Authors: Chakuwamba, Kapesi Antony
  • Date: 2009-12
  • Subjects: Housing -- Development , Nation-Building , Democratization
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23293 , vital:57027
  • Description: The core argument in the study is that there have been little prospects of housing delivery in Nkonkobe Municipality. The obstacles for housing development in this area are embedded in the inflexibility of current policies and legacies of the colonial as well as the Apartheid era. Furthermore, the findings indicate that local as well as external sociopolitical practices such as lack of funding, unavailability of land, corruption, politicking, lack of community participation, impact of macro-economic policy, planning and lack of capacity seem to hamper the process of housing delivery. Hence, there is a need for an alternative development strategy which is adopted as the conceptual framework of this study. This is to enhance housing development in most rural areas. This conceptual framework propounds that housing provision in Nkonkobe region should be enhanced in the context of empowerment, nation-building and democratization in the post-Apartheid South Africa. The problem of housing has become a worldwide phenomenon. Compared to other countries, the number of people in need of adequate shelter has remarkably increased and in South Africa the number of people who live in substandard housing and those in desperate need of shelter is enormous. However, in the study a view of housing provision in post-Apartheid South Africa is advocated through looking at the nature of the state and its capacity to deliver quality housing service. A qualitative methodology comprising in-depth interviews and observation was employed in order to gain a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of the municipality in delivering quality service to its people. The ideological perspectives view historical causes and present day reasons for the perpetuation of the housing problem from different angles. A strategy based on alternative development is proposed in this study. The conceptual framework views the poor as active people engaged in the production of their own lives not passive recipients of state development projects. An underlying assumption is that housing provision is influenced by previous state forms and spatial practices. Therefore, the level of community participation could influence the success of housing development projects. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2009
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  • Date Issued: 2009-12

Synthesis of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials: A focus on grass and waste paper as raw materials

  • Authors: Vala, Mavula Kikwe
  • Date: 2009-12
  • Subjects: Ethanol as fuel , Biomass energy , Lignocellulose -- Biotechnology
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24499 , vital:63049
  • Description: Biofuels are currently recognized as not only a necessity, but an inevitable pathway to secure the planet future energy needs. Food crops have been used (so far) as the biomass for bioethanol and biodiesel production. This has increased concerns over food security and led to the search for diversification and alternative feedstocks for biofuel production. The use of lignocellulosic materials, the most abundant, low cost and easy feedstock to harvest for bioethanol purpose, involves challenging production processes. Several approaches have been used to facilitate the breakdown of the biopolymer structure to produce fermentable sugars that can be converted to ethanol. Most of the approaches have used high temperatures and pressures and have often led to the production of inhibitors of fermentation. In this study, lignocellulosic materials from grass and newsprint were investigated as sources of biomass for bioethanol production using a chemical route (sulfuric acid hydrolysis) which made use of temperatures below 100°C at normal atmospheric pressure. Fermentation of toxic lignocellulosic hydrolyzates was possible after the development of a method for inhibitors removal. The method used treated wood chips as a stationary phase in a chromatographic column to remove inhibitors. This method is expected to be extended to applications such as in municipal wastewater treatment. Sugar yields of 22.26 and 8.9 g/L of hydrolyzate; and an ethanol yield of 184.5 and 130.4 mg/mL of must were achieved for 5g grass and newsprint respectively using optimum conditions of 2percent H2SO4 at 97.5°C for grass and 0.5percent H2SO4 at 97.5°C for newsprint during the hydrolysis process. Pure cellulose was used as a control for the biomass where 254.1 g/L of fermentable sugars were recovered from soluble cellulose and the yield of ethanol was 201.8 mg/mL. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2009
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  • Date Issued: 2009-12

Identity and difference: a postcolonial analysis of Cape Malay as depicted in the literary texts from selected South African writers

  • Authors: Chaudhari, Shamiega
  • Date: 2009-11
  • Subjects: Postcolonialism , Orientalism
  • Language: Afrikaans
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/${Handle} , vital:64143
  • Description: The identity of the Cape Malay is usually reduced to the submissive, the comic and the exotic dishes such as bobotie, curry and samosas. Terms like "slams","slaamaaier" and "halfnaatjie" (Roos 2003:3) were just a few of the derogatory names that was awarded to the Cape Malay. Many of these terms and identity constructions are in the South African literature immortalized. The true history, the struggle, tears and sacrifices of this community slipped by unnoticed and in silence. And today, after all this suffering, they become identity is called into question and this identity is referred to as a controversial identity. In the Western Cape this identity mainly centered around being Malay, being Coloured, Being Cape Muslim or Black Muslim. It seems as if the Cape Malay is in an intermediate identity (defined in English as "inbetweenness") are trapped, defined by their "Muslimness","Cape-ness", "Malay-ness" and "Coloured-ness". This dissertation examines the controversy of the Cape Malay identity and focus specifically on identity construction and Otherness. It emphasizes certain characteristics that people divided due to certain character traits that are different from the norm and therefore cause that they are considered the Other. The study is undertaken with the aim of establishing the authenticity of the Cape Malay identity state and how it is depicted in the works of selected South African writers. It intends to look specifically at the construction of identity through Otherness during the colonial period in Southern Africa as well as how these identities were implemented, rejected or accepted is. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2009
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  • Date Issued: 2009-11

Effects of social and ecological factors on cattle grazing strategies in semi-arid communal rangelands of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

  • Authors: Moyo, Bethwell (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7524-9028)
  • Date: 2009-09
  • Subjects: Communal rangelands--South Africa--Eastern Cape , Grazing--South Africa--Eastern Cape , Range Management--South Africa--Eastern Cape South Africa Eastern Cape
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25461 , vital:64279
  • Description: Communal rangelands are the main source of livestock feed for resource poor communal farmers. They are characterized by heavy stocking and poor management which is perceived to be the cause of the prevalent degradation hence the incessant calls for introduction of rotational grazing. Rotational grazing has been associated with improved rangeland condition and animal performance in commercial farms, hence the call that it needs to be introduced in communal areas. Management of communal rangelands within the rotational grazing context requires some fundamental understanding of the relationship between current rangeland use, socio-economic and ecological factors determining the present use of these areas. The objective of this study was to assess how historic tenure and patterns of use have influenced grazing practices and institutional structures, and to identify institutional and ecological factors determining present grazing strategies. Focus group discussions and questionnaire surveys in 11 communities revealed that villagers consider fences and paddocks as the best intervention to improve range management. Furthermore, it was shown that lack of strong local-level institutions, little or no knowledge of veld management, absence of rules and lack of seasonal restrictions on rangeland resource use are additional constraints that need to be considered for any rotational grazing intervention to be embraced. Communal areas vary in household head profiles, and this affects the livestock ownership patterns, which indirectly influences rangeland management. The fact that most of the income for communal area people is from state grants, makes farming secondary and the attention put on rangeland management would therefore be minimal. At present the weak local level institutions would therefoe make any plans to introduce rotational grazing difficult. Communal area grazing strategies are further influenced by rangeland heterogeneity caused by different factors. To understand these factors, the relationship between vegetation parameters in different patches and associated soil parameters was examined. Heterogeneity due to seasonal variation in the biomass of herbaceous vegetation was observed at Magwiji‘s sweetveld, with frequently selected patches having a significantly (p < 0.05) higher biomass in autumn (791 kg ha-1) and winter (528 kg ha-1), while in summer and spring there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in biomass between frequently selected and less selected patches. The present situation in which communal areas support large livestock populations under continuous grazing is due to the fact that cattle would adjust to changes in forage availability by seeking higher biomass patches in times of forage scarcity as observed in Magwiji. At the coastal forest thornveld of Mnyameni the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that the first axis was significantly correlated with soil organic carbon (r = -1, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the species that were significantly correlated with the first axis were Cynodon dactylon and Pennisetum clandestinum. These species were mainly found in sites that were preferred in April and June. At the sourveld of Upper Mnxe the first axis was significantly correlated with soil pH (r = 0.9, p < 0.05). At this rangeland, sites selected in June were associated with alkaline soils; characterized by a history of human settlement and dominated by Eragrostis superba and Heteropogon contortus. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) separated species (r = 0.9; p < 0.05) along the first axis at Magwiji, with mountain top sites selected in April and June having low EC and dominated by Digitaria eriantha, Eragrostis superba and Andropogon appendiculatus. Rangeland heterogeneity is caused by various factors, ranging from human disturbance to topography. These factors have an effect on the soil properties, and therefore, vegetation and thus lead to the observed heterogeneity which shapes the utilization patterns of these rangelands, and hence their continued support of large populations of livestock. To understand the effects of seasonal and spatial variation in resource use pattern and implications on range management, differences in cattle activity patterns in relation to veld type, season, daytime, management type (kraaling) and forage quality were examined. Seasonal activity patterns were only significant at Upper Mnxe (p < 0.05), with percent of time spent grazing (77 percent), resting (35 percent) and walking (24 percent) being higher in April, November and June respectively. , Thesis (PHD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2009
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  • Date Issued: 2009-09

Global leadership competencies in the industrial development zones in South Africa

  • Authors: Dweba, Zandisile Moses https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0001-1095
  • Date: 2009-06
  • Subjects: Leadership -- South Africa , Industrialization
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24046 , vital:62312
  • Description: In the literature reviewed a lack in leadership competencies to deal with globalisation and global trends within the South African organisation context (Fontyn, 2001; Tizard, 2001; Kriek, 2002) was identified which led to questions being raised on the prevalence of these essential global leadership competencies within South African transnational and global organisations. Realising the need for the development of an outwardly focused and globally competitive leadership model this study sought to investigate:  The key generic leadership competencies relevant to globalisation  The specific relevant leadership competencies and their prevalence within the industrial development zones  Whether or not the surveyed individual competencies were significant and had an impact on global leadership competencies that rendered leaders capable of operating in a global environment. A multi-method research plan was followed in order to consolidate existing knowledge on global leadership competencies and then to expand upon that knowledge. The approach was preferred due to the lack of leadership competency research within Industrial Development Zones. The study consisted of a qualitative study leading to the assessment of the current state of knowledge and understanding of the global leadership competencies. This phase was aimed at stimulating a debate on the topic in preparation for the quantitative phase which investigated the prevalence of these global leadership competencies within the Industrial Development Zones. Through the literature review, fifteen global leadership competencies were identified and these formed the basis for the questionnaire used for data collection. This list of global leadership competencies should, however, not be seen as an exhaustive list as opinions varied on leadership competencies relevant to globalisation (Msomi, 2001; Rossouw & Bews, 2002). iv In the findings of this study:  The respondents largely confirmed the prevalence of the global leadership competencies in the Industrial Development Zones.  While there existed high internal consistency of the variables measured, the demonstration of the competencies by leaders in the Industrial Development Zones, as perceived by the respondents, was found to be largely insignificant and as such had no impact on global leadership competencies and the ability of the zones‟ leaders to operate in a global environment. The recommendations that ensue should, in view of the limitations cited, be implemented with caution as their generalisability might be limited. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2009
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  • Date Issued: 2009-06

Citizenship, social capital and HIV/AIDS: a sociological analysis derived from the experience of the Umkhanyakhude district community, Kwazulu-Nata

  • Authors: Nyawasha, Tawanda Sydesky https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4854-9989
  • Date: 2009-02
  • Subjects: Social capital (Sociology) , AIDS (Disease) -- Social aspects -- South Africa , AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26208 , vital:64965
  • Description: This thesis is a multi-level analysis that seeks to examine the utility of applying the concept of social capital in dealing with a complexity of challenges and problems caused by HIV/AIDS in areas of social marginality. It examines social capital in the context of rurality and how its usage can successfully mediate on the effects of all structural factors fuelling the HIV/AIDS epidemic including poverty and social marginality. It does this against the background of scholarly research findings on the relevance of community or neighbourhood social structure in resolving a host of issues affecting its citizens. The study establishes that the ‘public benefit’ of social capital lies in resource connectivity, meso-level interactions and reciprocal transactions useful for HIV/AIDS prevention. Social capital is therefore identified in this study as civic engagement, neigbourliness, voluntary association or civic membership and collective action. The central thesis or argument advanced by this study is that community or village level interactions and associations among people and groups can greatly influence community cohesion and action towards HIV/AIDS prevention, avoidance and mitigation. In its pursuit of a deeper enquiry and understanding of the most often misunderstood concept or rather elusive in both the social science and public health lexicon, the thesis identifies the major sources of social capital as voluntary civic membership or associations in community groups, local village or community assemblages, exchanges of HIV/AIDS specific information, public discussions and other social spaces useful in helping community citizens to get an awareness of HIV/AIDS thereby making them adopt an HIV/AIDS protective behaviour. In this thesis, community or village-level social capital is seen as having a significant effect on household and HIV/AIDS. The study establishes that the prevalence of norms of ‘civicness’ and the vibrancy of horizontal ties at the community or village level generates the needed stocks of social capital for poverty reduction and HIV/AIDS mitigation.Building on Habermas’s(1992) theories of the ‘public sphere’ and ‘communicative action’ andthe Freirian(1996) discourse of ‘dialogue and praxis’, the study highlights the need for social for communication and dialogue in order to break the silence around HIV/AIDS in rural societies. Deliberative discussions or community conversations are suggested to build a critical awareness and consciousness on HIV/AIDS within the community or village context. In this study, quantifiable evidence tends to suggest that there is a strong correlation between lack of HIV/AIDS specific knowledge and HIV/ AIDS vulnerability. The study underscores the need forpublic communication on HIV/AIDS through community-level dialogues and conversations.Community dialogues and conversations are suggested to be active forms of interaction generating significant levels of social capital in the form of public knowledge on HIV/AIDS. This form of public knowledge is perceived as generating action oriented towards HIV/AIDS prevention and fostering the adoption of safer behavioural practices. The thesis also highlights the often muted link or correlation between human capital in the form of education and social capital. In several instances, the study has proven that human capital and education in particular helps in the creation of high stocks of social capital that can be applied to counteract both household and village level HIV/AIDS. The research further establishes the need for citizenship education which is more contextual and calls for critical enquiry, reflection and thinking on the part of all citizens or villagers. All in all, the research extends the existing knowledge on collective efficacy, village or neighbourhood advantage, associational or group membership, village governance and HIV/AIDS in the developing economies. It sheds more light on how village-level processes, interactions and exchanges within the ‘public sphere’ can be streamlined to deal with issues of marginality and rural HIV/AIDS. These study findings on social capital contribute to the ongoing debate about social capital, its relevance and applicability, in solving public health issues and challenges in developing societies. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2009
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  • Date Issued: 2009-02

Religiosity and sexual risk-taking behaviour among Black female students attending university

  • Authors: Yona, Nombeko
  • Date: 2009-02
  • Subjects: College students -- Sexual behavior , Women college students , Risk-taking (Psychology)
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25129 , vital:63980
  • Description: The degree to which religious identity acts as a protective buffer against sexual risk - taking in late adolescence and young adults was investigated among 100 Black female university students. Allport and Ross’ Religious Orientation Scale was used to examine the relationship among religiosity, sexual activity and condom use. The results indicated that greater intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity were associated with less sexual activity and condom use. Religious identification therefore protected respondents from sexual risk- taking but sexually active students with high levels of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity were less likely to use condoms. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2009
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  • Date Issued: 2009-02

Beyond just research: Experiences from Southern Africa in developing social learning partnerships for resource conservation initiatives

  • Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Cundill, Georgina , Knight, Andrew T
  • Date: 2009
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181157 , vital:43703 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00559.x"
  • Description: There is a well-acknowledged communication or knowledge gap between scientists and decision-makers. Many scientists who take on the challenge of narrowing this gap operate on the understanding that their role is to communicate their findings in a one-way flow of information: from science to decision-makers. However, to be effective scientists must engage in an ongoing social learning process with decision-makers, and regard themselves as facilitators, and also as one among many stakeholders who have valid and important ecological knowledge. The developing world poses some particular challenges in this regard, specifically in terms of the large number of local level subsistence resources users who are important de facto decision-makers. We examine four natural resource management case studies from South Africa that differ in spatial scale and complexity, ranging from a single village to a whole biome. We distil seven lessons to help guide development of social learning processes and organizations in similar situations relating to natural resource planning and management. The lessons pertain to: maintaining ‘key individuals’ within social learning processes; the role of researchers; the formulation of research questions that social learning processes require adaptive long-term funding and capacity support; that local resource users are key decision-makers in developing countries; some perspectives on knowledge; and the need to measure research success.
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  • Date Issued: 2009

Characterization of manganese tetraarylthiosubstituted phthalocyanines self assembled monolayers

  • Authors: Matemadombo, Fungisai , Durmus, Mahmut , Togo, Chamunorwa , Limson, Janice L , Nyokong, Tebello
  • Date: 2009
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263364 , vital:53621 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.04.059"
  • Description: Manganese tetraarylthiosubstituted phthalocyanines (complexes 1–5) have been deposited on Au electrode surfaces through the self assembled monolayer (SAM) technique. SAM characteristics reported in this work are: ion barrier factor (∼1); interfacial capacitance (303–539 μF cm−2) and surface coverage (1.06 × 10−10–2.80 × 10−10 mol cm−2). Atomic force microscopy was employed in characterizing a SAM. SAMs of complexes 1–5 were employed to detect L-cysteine (with limit of detection ranging from 2.83 × 10−7 to 3.14 × 10−7 M at potentials of 0.68–0.75 V vs. Ag|AgCl) and nitrite (limit of detection ranging from 1.78 × 10−7 to 3.02 × 10−7 M at potentials of 0.69–0.76 V vs. Ag|AgCl).
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  • Date Issued: 2009

Characterization of nickel tetrahydroxy phthalocyanine complexes and the electrocatalytic oxidation of 4-chlorophenol

  • Authors: Khene, Samson M , Lobb, Kevin A , Nyokong, Tebello
  • Date: 2009
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263308 , vital:53616 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2009.08.019"
  • Description: This work reports on the use of nickel(II) tetrahydroxy (NiPc(OH)4) and (poly-Ni(OH)Pc(OH)4) phthalocyanine complexes as films on ordinary poly graphite electrode (OPGE) for the electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). The NiPc(OH)4 film was electrotransformed to Ni(OH)Pc(OH)4 film in aqueous 0.1 M NaOH solution to the ‘O–Ni–O oxo’ bridge form. The result showed that the Ni(OH)Pc(OH)4 film on OPGE was more electroactive in terms of increase in current and less catalytic in terms of potential compared to the adsorbed NiPc(OH)4 on OPGE. The reactivity of the two molecules was explained by theoretical calculations. The energies of the frontier orbitals of NiPc(OH)4, Ni(OH)Pc(OH)4 and 4-chlorophenol were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) method. The inter molecular hardness (η) and donor–acceptor hardness (ηDA) of Ni(OH)Pc(OH)4, NiPc(OH)4, Ni(OH)Pc(OH)4/4-chlorophenol and NiPc(OH)4/4-chlorophenol were estimated. The Ni(OH)Pc(OH)4, showed stronger interaction with 4-chlorophenol than NiPc(OH)4. DFT method was also used to model IR and Raman spectrum of H2Pc(OH)4 and NiPc(OH)4.
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  • Date Issued: 2009

Characterization of polymeric film of a new manganese phthalocyanine complex octa-substituted with 2-diethylaminoethanethiol, and its use for the electrochemical detection of bentazon

  • Authors: Akinbulu, Isaac A , Nyokong, Tebello
  • Date: 2009
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/262568 , vital:53534 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.07.074"
  • Description: Manganese acetate octakis-(2-diethyaminoethanethiol) phthalocyanine (AcMnODEAETPc) was newly synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Solution electrochemistry of the complex showed three redox processes assigned to MnIIIPc−1/MnIIIPc−2, MnIIIPc−2/MnIIPc−2 and MnIIPc−2/MnIIPc−3 species. The new molecule was polymerized onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to form thin films of different thickness, giving poly-10-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE, poly-20-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE and poly-30-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE, where 10, 20 and 30 represent the number of voltammetry scans during polymerization. Three distinct redox processes were observed on the modified electrode in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution, pH 5, which confirmed the formation of the polymer. The current signal due to the herbicide, bentazon, was dependent on film thickness; the best signal was obtained on poly-20-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE while poly-10-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE gave the least signal. However, the signals due to the herbicide were better on the different films compared to the bare electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique revealed that differences in film thickness offered different charge transfer resistances, Rct, hence difference in current signals for bentazon oxidation were observed on these films. A Tafel slope of 77 mV/decade, obtained for the herbicide on poly-20-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE, denotes a fast one electron transfer followed by a slow chemical step in the electro-oxidation of bentazon. The voltammetry signals of the herbicide on the films indicated the likely involvement of ring-based redox processes in the detection of the herbicide. A plot of background corrected current response, on this film, versus the concentration of bentazon was linear within the range 50–750 μM with a detection limit of 2.48 × 10−7 M.
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  • Date Issued: 2009

Children navigating rural poverty: Rural children's use of wild resources to counteract food insecurity in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

  • Authors: McGarry, Dylan K , Shackleton, Charlie M
  • Date: 2009
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181191 , vital:43706 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10796120802677594"
  • Description: This paper analyzes the role of natural resources in the lives of rural children experiencing heightened vulnerability to poverty and the impact of HIV/AIDS, a subject that previously has been unexplored. The authors highlight wild-food use by rural children as a regular activity that supplements their domestic diets. Over the course of 18 months in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, the authors used a broad quantitative and qualitative methodology to explore the food acquisition and consumption patterns for 850 children. They found that the quality of children's domestic diets was, on average, 60% lower than the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) guidelines. This occurred in a population where 62% of the children surveyed were supplementing their diets with wild foods; and 30% with over half their diet supplemented in this way. Significantly, dietary diversity increased by 13% when wild food supplementation occurred. Another result was the commercialization of wild foods (observed among 47% of the children), wherein significantly more vulnerable children sold these foods. Considering the heightened nutritional and energy needs of children, combined with the impact of poverty and HIV/AIDS on household food access, wild foods represent the last freely attainable food sources available to them.
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  • Date Issued: 2009

Chromone Studies. Part 17. Tricyclic Scaffolds from Reactions of chromone-3-carbaldehydes and methyl vinyl ketone under Baylis–Hillman conditions

  • Authors: Ganto, Mlungiseleli M , Molefe, Duduzile M , Lobb, Kevin A , Kaye, Perry T
  • Date: 2009
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/449321 , vital:74811 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3184/030823409X4652"
  • Description: Reaction of a series of chromone-3-carbaldehydes with methyl vinyl ketone under Baylis–Hillman conditions, using 3-hydroxyquinuclidine in chloroform or DABCO in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, affords unprecedented tricylic chromone derivatives which, depending on the conditions, may be accompanied by the normal Baylis–Hillman products or their respective tricyclic dimers.
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  • Date Issued: 2009

Comparative electrocatalytic behavior of self-assembled monolayer of thiol derivatised Co (II) phthalocyanines on gold disk, ultramicro cylinder and fiber electrodes

  • Authors: Nombona, Nolwazi , Geraldo, Daniela A , Hakuzimana, Jean , Schwarz, Anne , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
  • Date: 2009
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263488 , vital:53632 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-008-9716-y"
  • Description: This paper reports on the use of thiol derivatised cobalt phthalocyanines as self assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold disk electrode, gold ultramicro-cylinder electrode (UMCE) and on gold coated fiber for the detection of L-cysteine. The complexes are peripherally and non-peripherally substituted with phenylthio substituents. The SAM modified electrodes showed enhancement of catalytic currents and overpotential reduction occurred on the gold modified electrodes with different geometries. Electrocatalytic oxidation of L-cysteine on SAM modified gold coated fiber was reported for the first time. The gold coated fiber and ultramicro cylinder electrode were less stable towards the electrocatalytic oxidation of cysteine compared to its oxidation on the gold disk. The gold disk electrode gave better catalytic performance in terms of stability and reduction of overpotential.
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  • Date Issued: 2009
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