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Common Property Models of Sea Tenure: A Case Study from the Roviana and Vonavona Lagoons, New Georgia, Solomon Islands

  • Authors: Aswani, Shankar
  • Date: 1999
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/439865 , vital:73715 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018727607651"
  • Description: In recent decades, Pacific Region indigenous sea tenure regimes have received considerable attention from social scientists who believe thatmarine-localized common entitlements and fishing practices can aid modern littoral fisheries management. The endorsement of sea tenure institutions as managerial tools, however, has proceeded without adequate consideration of their vulnerability to social and economic changes. The general view held by researchers is that Pacific Island Sea tenure regimes are generally undermined by the influence of exogenous forces resulting in an open-access commons. In this article, it is argued that the contemporary transformation of sea tenure regimes emerges not only from exogenous agency, but from a complex set of autochthonous processes. A case study from New Georgia, Solomon Islands, is presented to show how sea tenure regimes can vary within an ethnically and culturally homogeneous region. Three tenure models are presented to show how different pre- and post-European contact regional settlement patterns, localized processes of political expansion and contraction, and dynamic indigenous sociocultural principles have resulted in institutional differences between each sea tenure model. The effect of the market economy on the organizational structure and managerial outcomes of each model also is discussed.
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  • Date Issued: 1999

DSC screening of potential prochlorperazine-excipient interactions in preformulation studies

  • Authors: Brown, Michael E , Antunes, Edith M , Glass, Beverley M , Lebete, Mosimotsana L , Walker, Roderick B
  • Date: 1999
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184367 , vital:44212 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010150305542"
  • Description: Differential scanning calorimetry was used to examine the thermal behaviour of mixtures of the drug prochlorperazine with standard excipients, to assess potential interactions, and of mixtures with cyclodextrins, to investigate inclusion complexation which could increase the photostability of the drug. For most of the excipients (magnesium stearate, stearic acid, Explotab®, Ac-Di-Sol®, Encompress® and Ludipress®, lactose and Starch 1500) disappearance or broadening of the melting endotherm of the drug indicated interactions. Lubritab® was the only 'inert' excipient tested. Mixtures of prochlorperazine and the cyclodextrins gave incomplete inclusion complexation as shown by only partial disappearance of the melting endotherm of the drug.
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  • Date Issued: 1999

Integrating the development of academic literacy into mainstream teaching and learning

  • Authors: Amos, Trevor L
  • Date: 1999
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/270891 , vital:54489 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA10113487_947"
  • Description: Higher education is challenged to develop effective and independent learners of students who experience learning difficulties. These students are however, (potentially) able to engage in and do not necessarily lack the the inherent bstract cognitive capability necessary for academic success. The aim of this article is to be done in practice to integrate the development of academic literacy into mainstream teaching and learning.
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  • Date Issued: 1999

Interactions of cobalt (II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine with nitrite in the presence of nitrate and perchlorate ions

  • Authors: Chebotareva, Natalia , Nyokong, Tebello
  • Date: 1999
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293257 , vital:57069 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00958979908054907"
  • Description: Spectroscopic changes observed on addition of nitrite to solutions of cobalt(II) tetra-sulfophthalocyanine ([Co(II)TSPc]4-) in the presence of N− 3 or ClO− 4 are reported. There is spectroscopic evidence for the oxidation of [Co(II)TSPc]4- to a [Co(III)TSPc]3- species in the presence of nitrite ions. Equilibrium and kinetic studies for the interaction between [Co(II)TSPc]4- and NO− 2 are reported. The rate was found to be first order in both [Co(II)TSPc]4- and NO− 2. The rate constant for the forward reaction, k f=1.6 × 10−4 dm3mol−1s−1 was determined at 20°C for the interaction between nitrite ions and [Co(II)TSPc]4- in the presence of NO3 − or ClO4 − ions.
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  • Date Issued: 1999

Towards a semiotic approach to dramatic texts for the purposes of staging as expounded in the analysis of an early Pinter play: The Dumb Waiter

  • Authors: Thomas, Jeswinne Mary
  • Date: 1999
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/193203 , vital:45309
  • Description: The aim of this thesis is to promote the dramatological approach, as opposed to a literary critical one, for the analysis of dramatic texts for the purposes of staging. The reason for such a promotion is that the dramatological approach upholds the integrity of the text in interpretation for the performance text by its detailed and semiotic analysis. The focus of such an approach is on the analysis of discourse, that is a micro-proairetic approach (illuminating the extralinguistic action and interaction gained from speech events and deixis), rather than a macro-proairetic approach (that is, plot and story-line) which a literary critical approach would take into consideration. In Chapter one the focus is on the justification for the dramatological approach as well as a review of prominent literary criticism to the playwright’s work (used as an example of dramatic text in this thesis). Rather than the promotion of ordinary literary theory in relation to the need for a performance methodology, explanation for their negation is offered here. Chapter two focuses on the actual methodology of the dramatological approach. In section one of this chapter, we find that basic to dramatological methodology is the linguistic function appropriate to the dramatic: that is the semantic, rhetorical and pragmatic principles of dramatic dialogue. In addition, we find that it is a formal and systematic approach which imposes restrictions on dualisms thereby upholding the integrity of the text. Moreover, that it focuses on the “performative-deictic” character (that is extralinguistic, kinesic and indexical orientations) of the dramatic text - analysis of which is crucial for the purposes of staging. In this way, the analysis of the interpersonal, interactional and contextual areas of dramatic texts is promoted. Thus section one offers an overview of the analytical criteria appropriate to such investigation in order to illuminate dramatic discourse. Section two offers a guide to the application of the methodology, utilizing an extraction of text. Central to the application is the formation of a preliminary analytical ‘grid’ from the range of criteria discussed in section one; that is, how these may be put together. A micro-segmentation of text is utilized to illustrate the application of the methodology. Chapter three offers an application of the methodology to a whole text, that is The Dumb Waiter. The results and benefits for the theatre practitioner of such application are directly illustrated in the deictic (that is section one) and proairetic (that is section two) segmentations of the text since what the text and discourse signify is illustrated in a detailed manner as opposed to paraphrase. That is, the interpersonal, contextual and interactional levels of the drama are defined. From this, typologies of discourse, character and interrelationships are drawn, as well as a creation of the dramatic world (that is section three) constructed as a result of the discourse, interrelationships and dramatic action. Finally the Conclusion offers an evaluation of the dramatological approach by applying it to a practical situation for the theatre practitioner (that is, director or actor). , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Drama, 1999
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  • Date Issued: 1999

Transformational leadership and organisational effectiveness in the administration of cricket in South Africa

  • Authors: Amos, Trevor L
  • Date: 1999
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/270958 , vital:54495 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-682622887"
  • Description: After years of isolation from the international sporting arena, South African sports teams have recently achieved much success. This article is concerned specifically with managing for organisational effectiveness in South African cricket According to the theory of transformational leadership, there should be a positive relationship between this style of leadership and organisational effectiveness. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire was used to collect information about leadership while data for organisational effectiveness, the dependent variable, was collected using the Effectiveness Survey for Cricket Administration. Most of the results regarding the relationship of the transformational leadership factors and organisational effectiveness were significant. On the other hand, most of the results regarding the relationship of the transactional leadership factors and organisational effectiveness were not significant. The overall results provide general support of Bass' (1990) argument of the universal application of the transformational leadership theory.
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  • Date Issued: 1999

Applications of camphor-derived chiral auxiliaries in the asymmetric synthesis of α-amino acids and other systems

  • Authors: Matjila, Joseph Moemise
  • Date: 1998-04
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191501 , vital:45106
  • Description: A viable synthetic route to camphor-derived imino lactones as precursors for the asymmetric synthesis of a-amino acids has been established. Several synthetic strategies have been investigated and the required regioisomeric imino lactones were finally obtained via the step-wise condensation of JV-(carbobenzyloxy)glycine with the a-ketols, 3-exo-hydroxycamphor and 2-exo- hydroxy-3-bomanone. Enolates of the camphor imino lactones, generated using potassium tert- butoxide, were reacted with a range of alkyl halides. Dialkylation was observed using the 2-imino lactone, while the regioisomeric 3-imino lactone derivative gave monoalkylated products with diastereoselectivities, shown by NMR spectroscopy, to range from 43% d.e. for the methylated product to > 99% d.e. for larger alkyl groups. The expected preference for endo-alkylation is supported by NMR (chemical shift, coupling constant and NOE) data and was confirmed by acidic hydrolysis of the pentylated 3-imino lactone to afford the known acid. Computer modelling, with the software package HYPERCHEM®, was used to explore the conformational properties of the alkylated products and their enolate precursors. Exploratory work on the enantiomeric beneficiation of racemic amino acids, using alkylated imino lactone derivatives, revealed preferential exo-protonation of the enolate intermediates. Asymmetric Baylis-Hillman reactions between a novel camphor-derived acrylic ester and a range of aldehydes afforded the corresponding 2-(hydroxyalkyl)acrylates in up to 59% d.e., the observed stereoselectivities being sensitive to both steric and electronic factors. Attempts to prepare imino lactone derivatives from ketopinic acid, although unsuccessful, led to the isolation of two novel W-(carbobenzyloxy)glycinates, whose structures were established by 1- and 2-D NMR spectroscopy. Attempts to prepare "BINAP" analogues from dibomyl ether's also proved unsuccessful, but the investigation led to the discovery of a third, novel dibomyl ether. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 1998
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  • Date Issued: 1998-04

"We're just teaching in a vacuum". Teaching in context in the learning for sustainability project

  • Authors: Janse van Rensburg, Eureta
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/438817 , vital:73502 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/137417"
  • Description: Learning for Sustainability is a Danish-funded project for supporting teachers in environmental education curriculum development, in the Departments of Education in the Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa. The Rhodes University Environmental Education Unit is responsible for its evaluation. Instead of establishing baseline data against which to compare the project outcomes, the researchers are developing contextual profiles towards a deepening understanding of the contexts in which the teachers work, and to judge the appropriateness of project activities. This paper introduces insights from the developing profile based on questionnaires; interviews; observations during project meetings and school visits; and document analysis. The emerging issues pertain to curriculum and professional development in environmental education, within the context of educational policy transformation. In particular the paper highlights the role of context in responsive reform initiatives.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

Editorial

  • Authors: Irwin, Patrick R
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/438730 , vital:73495 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/137406"
  • Description: The 1998 EEASA Conference-and-Workshops meeting was a sound success. The Botswana organisers must be congratulated on convening such a convivial and stimulating event. The conference gave exposure to some of the environmental education research in progress in the region. While there is an exciting level of regional research activity, this is not adequately represented in the Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, or any other published forum for that matter. The SAJEE receives a rather small number of research papers from southern Africans for review; in addition the journal's referees and editors judge an even smaller number of these as suitable for publication. What this reflects, inter alia, is the need for environmental educators in the region to write more vigorously about their research.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

In vitro release of amoxycillin from lipophilic suppositories

  • Authors: Webster, Jessica A , Dowse, Roslind , Walker, Roderick B
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184377 , vital:44213 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3109/03639049809085636"
  • Description: The in vitro release characteristics of amoxycillin from different lipophilic suppository bases were investigated using the USP rotating basket method. Suppositories containing 250 mg amoxycillin were prepared in theobroma oil and in the semisynthetic bases Witepsol W35, Suppocire A32, Novata BD, and Novata 299. Both freshly prepared and 1-month-old suppositories were tested. Analysis of amoxycillin was performed using a validated high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique. Release profiles differed significantly between bases, with the greatest amount of amoxycillin being released from both newly made and 1-month-old Novata BD bases (87.57 ± 8.18 and 99.66 ± 6.63%, respectively), and the lowest amount released from the newly manufactured theobroma suppositories (8.82 ± 0.75%) and the 1-month-old Suppocire A32 suppositories (7.78 ± 0.27%).
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  • Date Issued: 1998

Interaction of nitric oxide with cobalt (II) phthalocyanine

  • Authors: Vilakazi, Sibulelo L , Nyokong, Tebello
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293579 , vital:57100 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(98)00244-7"
  • Description: The coordination of nitric oxide (NO) to cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (CoPc) in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) has been studied. CoPc coordinates with NO in a 1:1 ratio, forming a CoPc(NO) species. The IR band observed at 1680 cm−1 is assigned to the coordinated NO. In the presence of excess NO, pseudo first order kinetics were followed. The observed rate constant, kf, was determined to be 15.0±0.3 dm−3 mol−1 s−1 and the equilibrium constant was K=5.4±0.4×104dm3 mol−1. Solution or adsorbed CoPc catalyses the reduction of NO. The products of reduction include NH3 and NH2OH.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

Patterns of marine harvest effort in southwestern New Georgia, Solomon Islands: resource management or optimal foraging?

  • Authors: Aswani, Shankar
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/439971 , vital:73724 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-5691(98)00047-7"
  • Description: Numerous researchers in the field of maritime anthropology have accepted the notion that marine tenure institutions are cultural systems designed to conserve marine resources. This idea has attained wide acceptance without the development of an ecological model to account for the occurrence of conservation and/or depletion of resources. In this study, foraging theory is offered as an alternative theoretical framework to examine the diversity of human resource exploitation strategies in coastal ecosystems. The results generated by the foraging models are considered here in relation to their significance in linking ecological evolutionary approaches in anthropology with coastal resource management.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

Photoassisted reduction of thionyl chloride by neodymium, europium, thulium and lutetium diphthalocyanines

  • Authors: Nensala, Ngudiankama , Nyokong, Tebello
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293590 , vital:57101 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(98)00133-8"
  • Description: Diphthalocyanine complexes of Nd III, EuIII, TmIII and LuIII ( [Pc (−2) Nd IIIPc (−2) ] −, [Pc (−2) EuIIIPc (−2) ] −, [Pc (−2) TmIIIPc (−2) ] − and [Pc (−2) LuIIIPc (−2) ] −, respectively) , undergo one or two-electron oxidation in the presence of thionyl chloride. The oxidation products depend on the concentration of the thionyl chloride. At low concentrations of SOCl2 (larger than 10−4 mol dm−3) one-electron oxidation occurs only upon photolysis, giving the neutral lanthanide diphthalocyanine, Pc (−2) LnPc (−1) , complexes. The Pc (−2) LnPc (−1) species undergo one-electron photooxidation to the [Pc (−1) LnPc (−1) ] + in dichloromethane and in the presence of SOCl2. At large concentrations of SOCl2 (>10−2 mol dm−3) , two electron oxidation of the [Pc (−2) LnPc (−2) ] − species directly to [Pc (−1) LnPc (−1) ] + occurs.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

The interaction of melatonin and its precursors with aluminium, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, and zinc

  • Authors: Limson, Janice L , Nyokong, Tebello , Daya, Santy
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293323 , vital:57075 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1998.tb00361.x"
  • Description: Melatonin, a pineal secretory product, and its precursors, tryptophan and serotonin, were examined for their metal binding affinities for both essential and toxic metals: aluminium, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, and zinc. An electrochemical technique, adsorptive stripping voltammetry, showed the varying abilities of melatonin and its precursors to bind the metals in situ. The results show that the following metal complexes were formed: aluminium with melatonin, tryptophan, and serotonin; cadmium with melatonin and tryptophan; copper with melatonin and serotonin; iron(III) with melatonin and serotonin; lead with melatonin, tryptophan, and serotonin; and zinc with melatonin and tryptophan. Iron(II) showed the formation of an in situ complex with tryptophan only. These studies suggest a further role for melatonin in the reduction of free radical generation and metal detoxification, and they may explain the accumulation of aluminium in Alzheimer's disease.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

The Tongan maritime expansion: A case in the evolutionary ecology of social complexity

  • Authors: Aswani, Shankar , Graves, Michael
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440025 , vital:73729
  • Description: The evolution of the Tongan maritime empire, involving both the development of social complexity and geographic expansion through conquest and trading, are examined by means of evolutionary ecology. This Darwinian evolutionary framework provides the mechanism and identifies the environmental structure, processes, and behavioral strategies by which to account for the geographic and temporal pattern of change in Tonga and related islands. Both ethnohistorical and archaeological data are employed in this analysis, showing how both may reveal overlapping aspects of historical change. The results of this research highlight the importance not only of competition but also of cooperative strategies in the evolution of social complexity and the process of geographic expansion. Key to explaining the evolution of Tongan social complexity are the productive but uncertain environment of Tongatapu, the location of Tongatapu in relation to other islands and prevailing winds, the small landmass of the island, the relatively early integration of the island into a single polity, the creation of collateral ruling lineages, the appropriation of voyaging technology to redirect competition from within Tongatapu to other islands through colonization, aggression, staple and wealth goods trade, and the exchange of spouses.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

The use of optimal foraging theory to assess the fishing strategies of Pacific Island artisanal fishers: A methodological review

  • Authors: Aswani, Shankar
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440038 , vital:73730
  • Description: Artisanal fisheries play a major role in the social, cultural, and economic life of most Pacific Islanders, particularly in rural communities where people are highly dependent on marine resources for subsistence and commercial purposes. Yet, marine resources are being threatened by pressure from exploding human populations and the increasing commercialisation of the subsistence fishery—circumstances which are now forcing researchers to find novel ways to examine issues of coastal management and marine resource conservation. Among the most recent approaches to coastal management has been to study marine ecological processes in conjunction with those of the contiguous shoreline and upland habitats, or what has been termed Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). From the standpoint of maritime anthropology, any comprehensive study of the integration of marine and terrestrial biotic components requires the parallel consideration of human activities, including existing property regimes, resource access and distribution rules, and resource exploitation strategies. Although numerous studies have concentrated on the social aspects of Pacific Island artisanal fisheries (eg Johannes, 1981; Hviding, 1996; Lieber, 1994), few have dealt explicitly with the micro-ecology of daily humanmarine interactions (see Aswani, 1997; Bird and Bird, 1997). Such neglect has hampered attempts to fully integrate studies of environmental coastal processes with those of human activities. In this paper, I examine the utility of optimal foraging theory and its methodology, as applied to the study of Pacific Island artisanal fishers. The inclusion of foraging theory can contribute to building a clearer anthropological model to describe the relationship between human foraging and fishery management.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

Understanding and responding to student learning difficulties within the higher education context

  • Authors: Amos, Trevor L , Fischer, Sarah
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/270972 , vital:54497 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA10113487_570"
  • Description: Higher education in South Africa is challenged to promote the academic success of students through quality teaching and learning. This article provides a sound theoretical understanding of student learning difficulties as difficulties of accessing and mastering the cognitive processes entailed in the groundrules of the specific academic disciplines within higher education Based on this theoretical groundwork. the article argues for the integration of academic development into the mainstream teaching and learning activities of specific disciplines where the tutorial system is used to develop the specific academic literacy required for success within the discipline.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

What’s in a name? An analysis of the West Nggela (Solomon Islands) fish taxonomy

  • Authors: Aswani, Shankar
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440074 , vital:73733
  • Description: Accurate knowledge about the behaviour, biology and ecology of organisms comprising marine fisheries is a vital prerequisite for their management. Before beginning any study on local knowledge of marine fauna, a working knowledge of their local names must be obtained. Moreover, a great deal of local knowledge can often emerge in the very process of obtaining names (Ruddle, 1994). A detailed treatment of the local naming system of West Nggela marine fauna is given in this paper.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

‘Environment as Text’: Initial Insights into some Implications for Professional Development in Environmental Education

  • Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila , Robottom, Ian
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/438744 , vital:73496 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/137410"
  • Description: This paper describes part of a current international research capacity-building project in South Africa. In the project a research-based approach to professional development is adopted, one in which participants develop detailed case studies relating to their own changing practices in environmental education. It is argued that such an approach is consistent with the highly contextual nature of the field of environmental education. The article describes a central three-day 'moment' in the project, drawing on this experience to consider a number of issues concerning participatory research and the role of case study in professional development.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

Book Review: 1001 activities in environmental education

  • Authors: Janse van Rensberg, Eureta
  • Date: 1997
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/438683 , vital:73490 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/137449"
  • Description: Book Title. 1001 activities in environmental educa-tion (1997). Book Author. Nico Allers. Publisher. Kamel eon Publishers, Vereeniging
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  • Date Issued: 1997
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