Understanding social-ecological changes in Fairbairn village, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Falayi, Menelisi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Fairbairn Village (Eastern Cape, South Africa) , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Fairbairn Village , Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Fairbairn Village
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7408 , vital:21257
- Description: The world is becoming increasingly complex and uncertain due to increasing levels of social- ecological change. Rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa are faced with multiple interconnected challenges such as population growth, environmental change, economic recession and climatic changes, amongst others. Such challenges can play a key role in determining vulnerability and food security, particularly for natural resource product- dependent societies that have limited livelihood sources. Studies that consider understanding how society and ecosystems simultaneously interact and respond to new and exacerbated drivers are increasingly needed. Therefore, this study was conducted in Fairbairn village, Eastern Cape, South Africa with the purpose of exploring multi-scale historical processes and current related trends in livelihood and environmental change, and the implications for future trajectories under a changing climate. This study applied social-ecological thinking and several conceptual approaches were combined to provide a lens for exploring the changes taking place. These included, inter alia, complexity theory, social-ecological systems, the sustainable livelihoods approach and the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services framework and principles. The study employed a mixed method approach to gather data, which included a household survey, aerial photography, historical records as well as Participatory Learning and Action, focus group discussions, and Participatory Scenario techniques. Quantitative data were analysed using Excel and Statistica version 13, whilst coding was used for thematic analysis of qualitative data. The main objective of this study was to explore multi-scale historical processes and current related trends of livelihood and environmental change, and the implications of these for future trajectories under a changing climate. Livelihood and landscape changes in Fairbairn village are embedded within a history of direct state intervention and more recently, improvements in basic service delivery. The findings show that natural resource products still form an important part of people’s livelihoods despite many other changes over the last fifteen years. A high proportion of households continue to utilise different products to meet household needs. The most widely used products are fuelwood, wild herbs and wild fruits. More so, my results revealed a significant increase in the number of people commercialising natural resource products over the past fifteen years. Furthermore, I found that rural livelihoods in Fairbairn are heavily dependent on external income and consumption and have become increasingly divorced from local production patterns. My results depict a steady decline of cultivated fields with a corresponding increase of home gardens since the 1960s. Therefore, the results demonstrate that current livelihood strategies are an expression of historical processes interacting with current contextual complexities. Given the complex and multidimensional issues at play in Fairbairn, the study highlights that there is no straightforward answer regarding future livelihood strategies. However, participatory scenario deliberations revealed that the youth were much more open to diversified and even very different forms of livelihood strategies in the future, whilst community leaders and elders remained firmly attached to farming activities. Understanding the diversity of past livelihood changes, together with current trends, can help to better contextualise future livelihood trajectories and this can therefore help rural communities identify and avoid undesirable futures under a changing climate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Falayi, Menelisi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Fairbairn Village (Eastern Cape, South Africa) , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Fairbairn Village , Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Fairbairn Village
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7408 , vital:21257
- Description: The world is becoming increasingly complex and uncertain due to increasing levels of social- ecological change. Rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa are faced with multiple interconnected challenges such as population growth, environmental change, economic recession and climatic changes, amongst others. Such challenges can play a key role in determining vulnerability and food security, particularly for natural resource product- dependent societies that have limited livelihood sources. Studies that consider understanding how society and ecosystems simultaneously interact and respond to new and exacerbated drivers are increasingly needed. Therefore, this study was conducted in Fairbairn village, Eastern Cape, South Africa with the purpose of exploring multi-scale historical processes and current related trends in livelihood and environmental change, and the implications for future trajectories under a changing climate. This study applied social-ecological thinking and several conceptual approaches were combined to provide a lens for exploring the changes taking place. These included, inter alia, complexity theory, social-ecological systems, the sustainable livelihoods approach and the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services framework and principles. The study employed a mixed method approach to gather data, which included a household survey, aerial photography, historical records as well as Participatory Learning and Action, focus group discussions, and Participatory Scenario techniques. Quantitative data were analysed using Excel and Statistica version 13, whilst coding was used for thematic analysis of qualitative data. The main objective of this study was to explore multi-scale historical processes and current related trends of livelihood and environmental change, and the implications of these for future trajectories under a changing climate. Livelihood and landscape changes in Fairbairn village are embedded within a history of direct state intervention and more recently, improvements in basic service delivery. The findings show that natural resource products still form an important part of people’s livelihoods despite many other changes over the last fifteen years. A high proportion of households continue to utilise different products to meet household needs. The most widely used products are fuelwood, wild herbs and wild fruits. More so, my results revealed a significant increase in the number of people commercialising natural resource products over the past fifteen years. Furthermore, I found that rural livelihoods in Fairbairn are heavily dependent on external income and consumption and have become increasingly divorced from local production patterns. My results depict a steady decline of cultivated fields with a corresponding increase of home gardens since the 1960s. Therefore, the results demonstrate that current livelihood strategies are an expression of historical processes interacting with current contextual complexities. Given the complex and multidimensional issues at play in Fairbairn, the study highlights that there is no straightforward answer regarding future livelihood strategies. However, participatory scenario deliberations revealed that the youth were much more open to diversified and even very different forms of livelihood strategies in the future, whilst community leaders and elders remained firmly attached to farming activities. Understanding the diversity of past livelihood changes, together with current trends, can help to better contextualise future livelihood trajectories and this can therefore help rural communities identify and avoid undesirable futures under a changing climate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Understanding spatial variation in the drivers of nature-based tourism and their influence on the sustainability of private land conservation
- Baum, Julia, Cumming, Graeme S, de Vos, Alta
- Authors: Baum, Julia , Cumming, Graeme S , de Vos, Alta
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/416481 , vital:71352 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.05.005"
- Description: Protected areas connect socio-economic and ecological systems through their provision of ecosystem goods and services. Analysis of ecosystem services allows the expression of ecological benefits in economic terms. However, cultural services, such as recreation opportunities, have proved difficult to quantify. An important challenge for the analysis of cultural services is to understand the geography of service provision in relation to both human and ecological system elements. We used data on visitation rates and measures of context, content, connectivity, and location for 64 private land conservation areas (PLCAs) to better understand geographic influences on cultural service provision. Visitation to PLCAs was influenced by a combination of ecological and socio-economic drivers. Variance partitioning analysis showed that ecology explained the largest proportion of overall variation in visitation rates (26%), followed by location (22%). In tests using generalized linear mixed models, individual factors that significantly explained visitation rates included the number of mammal species, the number of Big 5-species (ecological variables), the number of facilities provided (infrastructure) and average accommodation charges (affordability). Our analysis has important implications for the economic sustainability of PLCAs and more generally for understanding the relevance of spatial variation for analyses of cultural services.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Baum, Julia , Cumming, Graeme S , de Vos, Alta
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/416481 , vital:71352 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.05.005"
- Description: Protected areas connect socio-economic and ecological systems through their provision of ecosystem goods and services. Analysis of ecosystem services allows the expression of ecological benefits in economic terms. However, cultural services, such as recreation opportunities, have proved difficult to quantify. An important challenge for the analysis of cultural services is to understand the geography of service provision in relation to both human and ecological system elements. We used data on visitation rates and measures of context, content, connectivity, and location for 64 private land conservation areas (PLCAs) to better understand geographic influences on cultural service provision. Visitation to PLCAs was influenced by a combination of ecological and socio-economic drivers. Variance partitioning analysis showed that ecology explained the largest proportion of overall variation in visitation rates (26%), followed by location (22%). In tests using generalized linear mixed models, individual factors that significantly explained visitation rates included the number of mammal species, the number of Big 5-species (ecological variables), the number of facilities provided (infrastructure) and average accommodation charges (affordability). Our analysis has important implications for the economic sustainability of PLCAs and more generally for understanding the relevance of spatial variation for analyses of cultural services.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Understanding suicide: a psychobiographical study of Ian Kevin Curtis
- Authors: Kitching, Philip Herman
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Psychology -- Biographical methods Personality -- Research -- Methodology , Suicide Suicidal behavior
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18178 , vital:28583
- Description: Psychobiography can be viewed as the re-writing of an individual‟s life story previously undetected. In general, it consists of a combination of two central elements: biography and psychological theory, which aim to explain the particular individual‟s psychological development. This particular study serves to explore the extraordinary life of renowned singer and songwriter, Ian Kevin Curtis (1956-1980), who died by suicide at the early age of 23. The basis for this investigation will take the form of notable biographical accounts of the subject‟s life, together with the application of Thomas Joiner‟s (2005) interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide which identifies factors that lead to suicidal ideation - in an attempt to understand the psychological circumstances that contributed to Curtis‟s suicide. In doing so, Adler‟s (1929) theory of Individual Psychology was applied to the life of Curtis in an attempt to build on Joiner‟s theory. This led to the concept of control being introduced and contributed to the development of an intake form to identify those at risk for suicide. It is hoped that exploring the psychological circumstances that contributed to Curtis‟s suicide and their interpretation by the subject will bring about an understanding of the risk factors that may induce suicide and, by extension, will highlight the relevance of this psychobiographical study as a tool for investigating and promoting preventative measures concerning suicide. The psychobiographical data collection and analysis for this research thesis will be guided by Yin‟s (2003) theory of „analytic generalisation‟ which uses a theoretical framework in selecting relevant data which develops a matrix as a descriptive framework for organising and integrating that data, and Alexander‟s (1988) analytical model which focuses on lifting out themes through principal identifiers of salience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Kitching, Philip Herman
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Psychology -- Biographical methods Personality -- Research -- Methodology , Suicide Suicidal behavior
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18178 , vital:28583
- Description: Psychobiography can be viewed as the re-writing of an individual‟s life story previously undetected. In general, it consists of a combination of two central elements: biography and psychological theory, which aim to explain the particular individual‟s psychological development. This particular study serves to explore the extraordinary life of renowned singer and songwriter, Ian Kevin Curtis (1956-1980), who died by suicide at the early age of 23. The basis for this investigation will take the form of notable biographical accounts of the subject‟s life, together with the application of Thomas Joiner‟s (2005) interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide which identifies factors that lead to suicidal ideation - in an attempt to understand the psychological circumstances that contributed to Curtis‟s suicide. In doing so, Adler‟s (1929) theory of Individual Psychology was applied to the life of Curtis in an attempt to build on Joiner‟s theory. This led to the concept of control being introduced and contributed to the development of an intake form to identify those at risk for suicide. It is hoped that exploring the psychological circumstances that contributed to Curtis‟s suicide and their interpretation by the subject will bring about an understanding of the risk factors that may induce suicide and, by extension, will highlight the relevance of this psychobiographical study as a tool for investigating and promoting preventative measures concerning suicide. The psychobiographical data collection and analysis for this research thesis will be guided by Yin‟s (2003) theory of „analytic generalisation‟ which uses a theoretical framework in selecting relevant data which develops a matrix as a descriptive framework for organising and integrating that data, and Alexander‟s (1988) analytical model which focuses on lifting out themes through principal identifiers of salience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Understanding the contributions of the Treatment Action Campaign and Section27 to a Rights-Based Approach to HIV and AIDS in South Africa
- Authors: Dlamini, Nomalanga
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Treatment Action Campaign , SECTION27 (Braamfontein, South Africa) , AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention -- South Africa , AIDS (Disease) -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Public health laws -- South Africa , AIDS (Disease) -- Patients -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- South Africa , AIDS (Disease) -- Patients -- Civil rights -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4690 , vital:20713
- Description: This thesis examines the link between social movements with the legal system to enforce human rights within the public health sector in regards to access to HIV and AIDS-related disease treatment. Research shows large scale incapacity for the provision of such essential medications within the public health sector; this is not merely an issue for those in the developing world. This thesis demonstrates that it is an issue that is faced by those using the public health sector services to access essential HIV and AIDS medications and it shows that certain people are unaware of their human rights to have fair and equal access to such essential medications. Although there is abundant research studies on HIV and AIDS in South Africa, there is a lack of studies that look into the impact that social movements have had in strong-arming, to a certain extent, the government in holding it accountable for infringing its constitutional promises to all citizens. This thesis is set against a backdrop where, the crisis of lack of access to essential medications in the public health sector which is closely intertwined with the collapsing health care system and it is combined with the issues of international patent policy for essential medication and developing countries like South Africa, who are trying to tackle this hurdle straight on. This thesis argues that the social injustices of rights violations integrated with the issues of international patent laws aggravate the access to essential medications in the public health sector in the country. This thesis adopts the use of a Rights-Based Approach, which is built on the foundational understanding that at the centre the focus is on human rights. In using the rights-based approach the intention is to outline ways in which to improve and further develop the ability of individuals and communities to recognize their rights. The findings show that the important factor of using a Rights- Based Approach is that it puts the pressure on the state to legitimately fulfil its obligation to its people. Thus the thesis evaluates the use of combining the legal system to enforce human rights and the role of social movements to realize the right to health for South Africans that use the public health sector to access essential HIV and AIDS antiretroviral drugs. This research paper shows that the Treatment Action Campaign and Section27 have contributed to the recent transformation of the public health sector in South Africa. They have achieved this through the implementation of rights-based education campaigns as well as HIV and AIDS education particularly geared for those that use the public health sector facilities, to attain access to essential medications; not only for HIV and AIDS but also for tuberculosis and other AIDS-related disease treatment. The thesis further highlights that the Treatment Action Campaign and Section27 have assisted in greatly improving the access to HIV and AIDS essential medications for prevention of Mother to Child Treatment Programs. The findings of the research paper outline that the main issue lies in the fact that even though essential medications for HIV and AIDS are now more available, the medical infrastructure is one of the main problems accounting for the lack of service delivery of these essential medications in the country’s public health sector.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Dlamini, Nomalanga
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Treatment Action Campaign , SECTION27 (Braamfontein, South Africa) , AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention -- South Africa , AIDS (Disease) -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Public health laws -- South Africa , AIDS (Disease) -- Patients -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- South Africa , AIDS (Disease) -- Patients -- Civil rights -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4690 , vital:20713
- Description: This thesis examines the link between social movements with the legal system to enforce human rights within the public health sector in regards to access to HIV and AIDS-related disease treatment. Research shows large scale incapacity for the provision of such essential medications within the public health sector; this is not merely an issue for those in the developing world. This thesis demonstrates that it is an issue that is faced by those using the public health sector services to access essential HIV and AIDS medications and it shows that certain people are unaware of their human rights to have fair and equal access to such essential medications. Although there is abundant research studies on HIV and AIDS in South Africa, there is a lack of studies that look into the impact that social movements have had in strong-arming, to a certain extent, the government in holding it accountable for infringing its constitutional promises to all citizens. This thesis is set against a backdrop where, the crisis of lack of access to essential medications in the public health sector which is closely intertwined with the collapsing health care system and it is combined with the issues of international patent policy for essential medication and developing countries like South Africa, who are trying to tackle this hurdle straight on. This thesis argues that the social injustices of rights violations integrated with the issues of international patent laws aggravate the access to essential medications in the public health sector in the country. This thesis adopts the use of a Rights-Based Approach, which is built on the foundational understanding that at the centre the focus is on human rights. In using the rights-based approach the intention is to outline ways in which to improve and further develop the ability of individuals and communities to recognize their rights. The findings show that the important factor of using a Rights- Based Approach is that it puts the pressure on the state to legitimately fulfil its obligation to its people. Thus the thesis evaluates the use of combining the legal system to enforce human rights and the role of social movements to realize the right to health for South Africans that use the public health sector to access essential HIV and AIDS antiretroviral drugs. This research paper shows that the Treatment Action Campaign and Section27 have contributed to the recent transformation of the public health sector in South Africa. They have achieved this through the implementation of rights-based education campaigns as well as HIV and AIDS education particularly geared for those that use the public health sector facilities, to attain access to essential medications; not only for HIV and AIDS but also for tuberculosis and other AIDS-related disease treatment. The thesis further highlights that the Treatment Action Campaign and Section27 have assisted in greatly improving the access to HIV and AIDS essential medications for prevention of Mother to Child Treatment Programs. The findings of the research paper outline that the main issue lies in the fact that even though essential medications for HIV and AIDS are now more available, the medical infrastructure is one of the main problems accounting for the lack of service delivery of these essential medications in the country’s public health sector.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Understanding the policy-planning-implementation disjuncture: a case study of the Amathole District Municipality, Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Mhlahlo, Andile
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Political planning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Amathole District Municipality (South Africa) -- Planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/168521 , vital:41591
- Description: The aim of this study is to investigate why well planned policies are not getting implemented as intended. The study was conducted in the offices of Amathole District Municipality (ADM) in the Eastern Cape Province, including the cooperative project in Alice as one of the projects that was coordinated by the ADM. Concerning the research design and methodology, a qualitative research design was used. The data collection process involved conducting unstructured interviews with the officers from the Amathole District Municipality office (the ADM officers / the municipality officers) and the members of cooperative projects (cooperatives/projects). Mainly, an ethnographic approach was used; it involved embracing participant observation in the ADM offices for approximately 6 months. As the researcher, I participated as one of the ADM’s officers in different activities, namely: attending meetings and one workshop, and accompanying the development officer while conducting an observation of various projects in Butterworth. The findings in the study disclose that the disjuncture between policy planning and implementation may be attributed to 4 factors, which are associated with the ADM office as the development agency for the Amathole region. These are: the incapability to respond to policy implementation complexities, failure to exploit policy implementation complexities as learning opportunities, the insufficient understanding of ‘process monitoring’ as a tool that could be integrated in projects management, as well as the execution of policy implementation in the absence of policy documents as a guide in implementation processes. Moreover, these factors are examined as being related to each other, and they will be discussed in detail in the course of the thesis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Mhlahlo, Andile
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Political planning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Amathole District Municipality (South Africa) -- Planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/168521 , vital:41591
- Description: The aim of this study is to investigate why well planned policies are not getting implemented as intended. The study was conducted in the offices of Amathole District Municipality (ADM) in the Eastern Cape Province, including the cooperative project in Alice as one of the projects that was coordinated by the ADM. Concerning the research design and methodology, a qualitative research design was used. The data collection process involved conducting unstructured interviews with the officers from the Amathole District Municipality office (the ADM officers / the municipality officers) and the members of cooperative projects (cooperatives/projects). Mainly, an ethnographic approach was used; it involved embracing participant observation in the ADM offices for approximately 6 months. As the researcher, I participated as one of the ADM’s officers in different activities, namely: attending meetings and one workshop, and accompanying the development officer while conducting an observation of various projects in Butterworth. The findings in the study disclose that the disjuncture between policy planning and implementation may be attributed to 4 factors, which are associated with the ADM office as the development agency for the Amathole region. These are: the incapability to respond to policy implementation complexities, failure to exploit policy implementation complexities as learning opportunities, the insufficient understanding of ‘process monitoring’ as a tool that could be integrated in projects management, as well as the execution of policy implementation in the absence of policy documents as a guide in implementation processes. Moreover, these factors are examined as being related to each other, and they will be discussed in detail in the course of the thesis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Understanding the policy-planning-implementation disjuncture: a case study of the Amathole District Municipality, Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Mhlahlo, Andile
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Political planning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Amathole District Municipality (South Africa) -- Planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4422 , vital:20668
- Description: The aim of this study is to investigate why well planned policies are not getting implemented as intended. The study was conducted in the offices of Amathole District Municipality (ADM) in the Eastern Cape Province, including the cooperative project in Alice as one of the projects that was coordinated by the ADM. Concerning the research design and methodology, a qualitative research design was used. The data collection process involved conducting unstructured interviews with the officers from the Amathole District Municipality office (the ADM officers / the municipality officers) and the members of cooperative projects (cooperatives/projects). Mainly, an ethnographic approach was used; it involved embracing participant observation in the ADM offices for approximately 6 months. As the researcher, I participated as one of the ADM’s officers in different activities, namely: attending meetings and one workshop, and accompanying the development officer while conducting an observation of various projects in Butterworth. The findings in the study disclose that the disjuncture between policy planning and implementation may be attributed to 4 factors, which are associated with the ADM office as the development agency for the Amathole region. These are: the incapability to respond to policy implementation complexities, failure to exploit policy implementation complexities as learning opportunities, the insufficient understanding of ‘process monitoring’ as a tool that could be integrated in projects management, as well as the execution of policy implementation in the absence of policy documents as a guide in implementation processes. Moreover, these factors are examined as being related to each other, and they will be discussed in detail in the course of the thesis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Mhlahlo, Andile
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Political planning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Amathole District Municipality (South Africa) -- Planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4422 , vital:20668
- Description: The aim of this study is to investigate why well planned policies are not getting implemented as intended. The study was conducted in the offices of Amathole District Municipality (ADM) in the Eastern Cape Province, including the cooperative project in Alice as one of the projects that was coordinated by the ADM. Concerning the research design and methodology, a qualitative research design was used. The data collection process involved conducting unstructured interviews with the officers from the Amathole District Municipality office (the ADM officers / the municipality officers) and the members of cooperative projects (cooperatives/projects). Mainly, an ethnographic approach was used; it involved embracing participant observation in the ADM offices for approximately 6 months. As the researcher, I participated as one of the ADM’s officers in different activities, namely: attending meetings and one workshop, and accompanying the development officer while conducting an observation of various projects in Butterworth. The findings in the study disclose that the disjuncture between policy planning and implementation may be attributed to 4 factors, which are associated with the ADM office as the development agency for the Amathole region. These are: the incapability to respond to policy implementation complexities, failure to exploit policy implementation complexities as learning opportunities, the insufficient understanding of ‘process monitoring’ as a tool that could be integrated in projects management, as well as the execution of policy implementation in the absence of policy documents as a guide in implementation processes. Moreover, these factors are examined as being related to each other, and they will be discussed in detail in the course of the thesis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Understanding the reading practices of Fort Hare students
- Authors: O’Shea, Cathy
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6886 , vital:21197
- Description: Universities world-wide are battling to offer access to far greater numbers than ever before. The University of Fort Hare, specifically, is also part of a troubled South African education system and is located in a disadvantaged, rural area. The main aim of this study was to understand Fort Hare students’ reading practices, as reported by the students themselves. This thesis used a framework of New Literacy Studies, which views student learning as a process of mastering discipline-specific, socially constructed norms and values, and sees the adopting of a literacy as including the adoption of an identity. Since discourse, in the NLS tradition, has been found to be a mediating mechanism in the social construction of identity, a critical discourse analysis was adopted to begin understanding aspects of Fort Hare students’ reading practices and the links between these and their identities. Critical realism is the ontological underpinning of this thesis. This means that the study aimed to identify the tendencies of certain mechanisms - in this case, Discourses - to affect students’ reading practices, by analysing interview transcripts of focus group discussions held with 30 students. Frameworks and tools provided by Fairclough and Gee were applied to interview data analysis. The ‘We blacks’ Discourse was one of one of the prominent Discourses that interviewees drew on when talking about their reading practices. It was closely allied to the ‘Resistance to reading’ Discourse, as participants explained that they tended to disregard books and did not enjoy reading for leisure. The ‘We blacks’ Discourse in this way homogenised class and other differences between black students, and indicated the ways in which their experiences were outside of academic Discourses. This Discourse served as a constraining mechanism for some, and indicated that those who used it tended not to identify with the academy. There was an evident link between the ‘We blacks’ Discourse, the ‘Resistance to reading’ Discourse and the ‘Better than us’ Discourse, in which students who enjoyed reading were called names for supposedly being conceited. Two opposing discourses (with a small ‘d’) emerged when students talked about literacy sponsors like parents and lecturers. Some used the ‘Our parents don’t chase us’ discourse to depict family members who were not encouraging, overlapping with the ‘We blacks’ Discourse. The contrasting ‘Go read anything’ discourse described more encouraging teachers and relatives. This discourse was also used to describe educators who had forced them to read, with several interviewees describing corporal punishment as being a necessary part of school-based literacy practices. It also became clear that Fort Hare’s institutional identity played a role in some interviewees’ self-identities, as the ‘Resistance to reading’ Discourse was linked to the ‘Why bother?’ Discourse. The latter seemed part of a defensive positionality that arose partly because some students see Fort Hare as a university with relatively low academic standards. However, the implication is that lecturers and others can work towards changing Discourses and so endeavour to enable reading practices. Educators could also take steps to address resistant attitudes and encourage reading.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: O’Shea, Cathy
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6886 , vital:21197
- Description: Universities world-wide are battling to offer access to far greater numbers than ever before. The University of Fort Hare, specifically, is also part of a troubled South African education system and is located in a disadvantaged, rural area. The main aim of this study was to understand Fort Hare students’ reading practices, as reported by the students themselves. This thesis used a framework of New Literacy Studies, which views student learning as a process of mastering discipline-specific, socially constructed norms and values, and sees the adopting of a literacy as including the adoption of an identity. Since discourse, in the NLS tradition, has been found to be a mediating mechanism in the social construction of identity, a critical discourse analysis was adopted to begin understanding aspects of Fort Hare students’ reading practices and the links between these and their identities. Critical realism is the ontological underpinning of this thesis. This means that the study aimed to identify the tendencies of certain mechanisms - in this case, Discourses - to affect students’ reading practices, by analysing interview transcripts of focus group discussions held with 30 students. Frameworks and tools provided by Fairclough and Gee were applied to interview data analysis. The ‘We blacks’ Discourse was one of one of the prominent Discourses that interviewees drew on when talking about their reading practices. It was closely allied to the ‘Resistance to reading’ Discourse, as participants explained that they tended to disregard books and did not enjoy reading for leisure. The ‘We blacks’ Discourse in this way homogenised class and other differences between black students, and indicated the ways in which their experiences were outside of academic Discourses. This Discourse served as a constraining mechanism for some, and indicated that those who used it tended not to identify with the academy. There was an evident link between the ‘We blacks’ Discourse, the ‘Resistance to reading’ Discourse and the ‘Better than us’ Discourse, in which students who enjoyed reading were called names for supposedly being conceited. Two opposing discourses (with a small ‘d’) emerged when students talked about literacy sponsors like parents and lecturers. Some used the ‘Our parents don’t chase us’ discourse to depict family members who were not encouraging, overlapping with the ‘We blacks’ Discourse. The contrasting ‘Go read anything’ discourse described more encouraging teachers and relatives. This discourse was also used to describe educators who had forced them to read, with several interviewees describing corporal punishment as being a necessary part of school-based literacy practices. It also became clear that Fort Hare’s institutional identity played a role in some interviewees’ self-identities, as the ‘Resistance to reading’ Discourse was linked to the ‘Why bother?’ Discourse. The latter seemed part of a defensive positionality that arose partly because some students see Fort Hare as a university with relatively low academic standards. However, the implication is that lecturers and others can work towards changing Discourses and so endeavour to enable reading practices. Educators could also take steps to address resistant attitudes and encourage reading.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Unexpected transformations of 3-(bromoacetyl)coumarin provides new evidence for the mechanism of thiol mediated dehalogenation of α-halocarbonyls
- Magwenzi, Faith N, Khanye, Setshaba D, Veale, Clinton G L
- Authors: Magwenzi, Faith N , Khanye, Setshaba D , Veale, Clinton G L
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66200 , vital:28916 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.082
- Description: publisher version , The mechanism for the thiol mediated dehalogenation of α-halogenated carbonyls has remained an unresolved problem, despite its ongoing application in synthetic organic chemistry. Nakamura and co-workers first proposed that net dehalogenation occurs via sequential nucleophilic substitutions, while Israel and co-workers concluded that the rate at which dehalogenation occurred suggested that dehalogenation proceeds in a single concerted step. In this study, we investigated the debromination and nucleophilic substitution of 3-(bromoacetyl)coumarin with a variety of thiophenols, whose electron donating or withdrawing natures resulted in large variations in the degree of nucleophilic substitution and dehalogenation products, respectively. Results from these experiments, in addition to an unexpected formation of thioether containing dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-ones from a Robinson annulation, has provided new evidence for this disputed mechanism.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Magwenzi, Faith N , Khanye, Setshaba D , Veale, Clinton G L
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66200 , vital:28916 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.082
- Description: publisher version , The mechanism for the thiol mediated dehalogenation of α-halogenated carbonyls has remained an unresolved problem, despite its ongoing application in synthetic organic chemistry. Nakamura and co-workers first proposed that net dehalogenation occurs via sequential nucleophilic substitutions, while Israel and co-workers concluded that the rate at which dehalogenation occurred suggested that dehalogenation proceeds in a single concerted step. In this study, we investigated the debromination and nucleophilic substitution of 3-(bromoacetyl)coumarin with a variety of thiophenols, whose electron donating or withdrawing natures resulted in large variations in the degree of nucleophilic substitution and dehalogenation products, respectively. Results from these experiments, in addition to an unexpected formation of thioether containing dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-ones from a Robinson annulation, has provided new evidence for this disputed mechanism.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
Unfair dismissal in the context of a transfer of a going concern
- Authors: Mdlaka, Solomzi Siyabonga
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Labor laws and legislation -- South Africa Employees -- Dismissal of -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19310 , vital:28848
- Description: The employment relationship between the employer and employee is regulated by individual labour law. Generally, these rules can be found in the contract of employment, the common law and legislation, subject to the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (hereinafter referred to as the Constitution) provides that ‘everyone has the right to fair labour practices’.1 The term ‘fair labour practice’ is not defined in the Constitution, yet this fundamental right encompasses far more than is expressed in the narrow definition of the term in the Labour Relations Act.2 The right to fair labour practices has its origins in the equity based jurisprudence of the Industrial Court. These decisions cover the labour relations field from individual labour law to collective labour law.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Mdlaka, Solomzi Siyabonga
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Labor laws and legislation -- South Africa Employees -- Dismissal of -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19310 , vital:28848
- Description: The employment relationship between the employer and employee is regulated by individual labour law. Generally, these rules can be found in the contract of employment, the common law and legislation, subject to the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (hereinafter referred to as the Constitution) provides that ‘everyone has the right to fair labour practices’.1 The term ‘fair labour practice’ is not defined in the Constitution, yet this fundamental right encompasses far more than is expressed in the narrow definition of the term in the Labour Relations Act.2 The right to fair labour practices has its origins in the equity based jurisprudence of the Industrial Court. These decisions cover the labour relations field from individual labour law to collective labour law.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Unity and diversity, love and conflict: an exploration of the philosophy of life in C.S. Lewis’s Cosmic Trilogy
- Authors: James, Michael William
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Lewis, C. S. (Clive Staples), 1898-1963. Space trilogy , Social conflict in literature , Love in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7345 , vital:21245
- Description: The subject of this thesis is to explore the philosophy of life that informs C.S. Lewis’s Cosmic Trilogy (Out of the Silent Planet, Perelandra and That Hideous Strength). These texts are “spiritual adventures” which exemplify Lewis’s phenomenology of spiritual progress - the movement from self-centredness to Other-centredness. I perform a close reading of the trilogy and attempt to understand the way(s) in which the three major thematic threads - Conflict, Love, and the relationship between Unity and Diversity - all contribute to the proposed phenomenology of the spirit. In the final chapter, I use Kierkegaard’s “stages in life’s way” (the aesthetic, ethical and religious) as a structural frame for understanding the trilogy’s dialectical movement. I also take the unusual step of codifying the fruits of my exploration into what I call ‘the Cosmic Manifesto,’ which serves as my creative engagement with the results of the philosophical exploration. My research shows that the philosophy of life is expressed through a tripartite spiritual journey. The traveller firstly visits the sphere of Mars, which entails developing clear perception and overcoming fear of the Other. Next, the traveller must pass through the sphere of Venus, where - through courageous action on behalf of the Other - s/he learns the nature of self-sacrificial love. Successfully traversing these two stages, the traveller then apprehends the spirit of Harmonia, the love-child of Mars and Venus. As a result, the ideal relation between the self and the Other - unity in diversity - is discovered. I conclude that the philosophy of life underlying the trilogy is both aesthetically, ethically and religiously rich, and is an insightful perspective on a “life worth living.”
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: James, Michael William
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Lewis, C. S. (Clive Staples), 1898-1963. Space trilogy , Social conflict in literature , Love in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7345 , vital:21245
- Description: The subject of this thesis is to explore the philosophy of life that informs C.S. Lewis’s Cosmic Trilogy (Out of the Silent Planet, Perelandra and That Hideous Strength). These texts are “spiritual adventures” which exemplify Lewis’s phenomenology of spiritual progress - the movement from self-centredness to Other-centredness. I perform a close reading of the trilogy and attempt to understand the way(s) in which the three major thematic threads - Conflict, Love, and the relationship between Unity and Diversity - all contribute to the proposed phenomenology of the spirit. In the final chapter, I use Kierkegaard’s “stages in life’s way” (the aesthetic, ethical and religious) as a structural frame for understanding the trilogy’s dialectical movement. I also take the unusual step of codifying the fruits of my exploration into what I call ‘the Cosmic Manifesto,’ which serves as my creative engagement with the results of the philosophical exploration. My research shows that the philosophy of life is expressed through a tripartite spiritual journey. The traveller firstly visits the sphere of Mars, which entails developing clear perception and overcoming fear of the Other. Next, the traveller must pass through the sphere of Venus, where - through courageous action on behalf of the Other - s/he learns the nature of self-sacrificial love. Successfully traversing these two stages, the traveller then apprehends the spirit of Harmonia, the love-child of Mars and Venus. As a result, the ideal relation between the self and the Other - unity in diversity - is discovered. I conclude that the philosophy of life underlying the trilogy is both aesthetically, ethically and religiously rich, and is an insightful perspective on a “life worth living.”
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
University protests, specific performance, and the public/private-law divide
- Authors: Glover, Graham B
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70637 , vital:29683 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-8ff6ee9c3
- Description: The upheaval experienced by most of South Africa’s tertiary institutions in 2015 and 2016 as a result of the #feesmustfall protests made national headlines, and was at certain periods the most significant social and political issue in the nation. Many tertiary institutions looked to the law to try to manage the unfolding events by obtaining the assistance of the South African Police Service (‘SAPS’) to try to restore order in the interests of the academic project. They did so by seeking urgent prohibitory interdicts to establish in as precise terms as possible where the boundaries of lawful and unlawful conduct lay.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Glover, Graham B
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70637 , vital:29683 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-8ff6ee9c3
- Description: The upheaval experienced by most of South Africa’s tertiary institutions in 2015 and 2016 as a result of the #feesmustfall protests made national headlines, and was at certain periods the most significant social and political issue in the nation. Many tertiary institutions looked to the law to try to manage the unfolding events by obtaining the assistance of the South African Police Service (‘SAPS’) to try to restore order in the interests of the academic project. They did so by seeking urgent prohibitory interdicts to establish in as precise terms as possible where the boundaries of lawful and unlawful conduct lay.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
Unresolved communal land tenure: a case study of erf 912, King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality
- Authors: Jamjam, Nozibele Desire
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17592 , vital:28399
- Description: Twenty-three years into our new democracy the government is still to address the challenges of insecure land tenure in one of the former Bantustans, Transkei. South Africa still has a dual system of land rights, although addressing land rights and accessing land is a constitutional imperative. The study examines the state of communal land and the extent to which unresolved communal land affects development of the area. The study also examines how insecure tenure in communal land can be an impediment to development to some extent. The key research question, which underpins the study, relates to the absence of legislation that deals with securing the land rights of the people in the rural areas: Can South Africa, as a unitary state, continue to have a dual system of tenure rights. What is the cost of the delay in taking the correct decisions of securing tenure rights for people in the communal areas. The antithesis of having people with uncertain land rights in the communal areas, while people in the urban areas have land rights that are legally recognized, is a cause for concern in a new democratic dispensation. The aim of the study is to assess how unresolved land tenure has affected development in the former Transkei. The government is addressing the matter albeit not much progress has been made to this day. Finally, the importance of securing land tenure rights for communities in the former Transkei will go a long way in addressing the legacy of apartheid, the land question. Securing communal land rights will also go a long way in addressing problems associated with development of this land.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Jamjam, Nozibele Desire
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17592 , vital:28399
- Description: Twenty-three years into our new democracy the government is still to address the challenges of insecure land tenure in one of the former Bantustans, Transkei. South Africa still has a dual system of land rights, although addressing land rights and accessing land is a constitutional imperative. The study examines the state of communal land and the extent to which unresolved communal land affects development of the area. The study also examines how insecure tenure in communal land can be an impediment to development to some extent. The key research question, which underpins the study, relates to the absence of legislation that deals with securing the land rights of the people in the rural areas: Can South Africa, as a unitary state, continue to have a dual system of tenure rights. What is the cost of the delay in taking the correct decisions of securing tenure rights for people in the communal areas. The antithesis of having people with uncertain land rights in the communal areas, while people in the urban areas have land rights that are legally recognized, is a cause for concern in a new democratic dispensation. The aim of the study is to assess how unresolved land tenure has affected development in the former Transkei. The government is addressing the matter albeit not much progress has been made to this day. Finally, the importance of securing land tenure rights for communities in the former Transkei will go a long way in addressing the legacy of apartheid, the land question. Securing communal land rights will also go a long way in addressing problems associated with development of this land.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Uphengululo lobunzululwazi-lwimi ngokweembono zale mihla kuhlalutyo ngokwesithako sosetyenziso-lwimi Bunzululwazi sakhono kuxatyangelwa ngeengcingampefumlelwano Zika-Karl Marx
- Authors: Tsako, Mbuzeli Betroot
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Marx, Karl, -- 1818-1883 , Xhosa literature -- History and criticism Linguistics -- Research Language and languages -- Philosophy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21406 , vital:29512
- Description: Olu phando lujolise ekudandalaziseni ingcingane ka-Karl Marx ebizwa ngokuba yi-Marxism, nasekubetheleleni ingcamango yokuba amagama, imixholo nemiqondiso eyalekeneyo, oko kubangela ukuba iteksi ebhaliweyo ingabinantsingiselo inye ekunokuthiwa yeyona ichanekileyo. Luza kwenziwa kuqanyelwe ngale ngcingane ye-Marxism ukubhentsisa le mixholo, imiqondiso, nemixholwana neentsingiselo eziqulethwe yiyo. Uphando olu luza kwenziwa kwinoveli ezimbini ezichongiweyo zikaSaule ezizezi: Ukhozi Olumaphiko, no- Umlimandlela. Akuzi kuthelekiswa ntoni kwezi noveli koko kuza kuqwalaselwa ubuchule bombhali kuchongo magama nemiqondiso, nase kuwasebenziseni ngobuchule ukubhentsisa iintsingiselo, imixholo nemixholwana eyahlukeneyo. Umba wale mixholo, iintsingiselo awuzi kuphononongwa uwodwa koko kuza kuxoxwa ngawo uzalanisa amasolotya oncawadi anje ngophuhliso-zimo zabalinganiswa; impixano; ukudalwa koxhalabiso; ukulobolelana kwemixholo nemixholwana; intshukumo; ingxoxo; isantya; ubuzaza besimo sentlalo kwakunye nonikano-sithuba lweziganeko. Isiphumo solu phando siza kuba kukungqinelana kwemixholo nemixholwana, neentsingiselo eziqulethwe zezi noveli nale ngcingane ka- Karl Marx.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Tsako, Mbuzeli Betroot
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Marx, Karl, -- 1818-1883 , Xhosa literature -- History and criticism Linguistics -- Research Language and languages -- Philosophy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21406 , vital:29512
- Description: Olu phando lujolise ekudandalaziseni ingcingane ka-Karl Marx ebizwa ngokuba yi-Marxism, nasekubetheleleni ingcamango yokuba amagama, imixholo nemiqondiso eyalekeneyo, oko kubangela ukuba iteksi ebhaliweyo ingabinantsingiselo inye ekunokuthiwa yeyona ichanekileyo. Luza kwenziwa kuqanyelwe ngale ngcingane ye-Marxism ukubhentsisa le mixholo, imiqondiso, nemixholwana neentsingiselo eziqulethwe yiyo. Uphando olu luza kwenziwa kwinoveli ezimbini ezichongiweyo zikaSaule ezizezi: Ukhozi Olumaphiko, no- Umlimandlela. Akuzi kuthelekiswa ntoni kwezi noveli koko kuza kuqwalaselwa ubuchule bombhali kuchongo magama nemiqondiso, nase kuwasebenziseni ngobuchule ukubhentsisa iintsingiselo, imixholo nemixholwana eyahlukeneyo. Umba wale mixholo, iintsingiselo awuzi kuphononongwa uwodwa koko kuza kuxoxwa ngawo uzalanisa amasolotya oncawadi anje ngophuhliso-zimo zabalinganiswa; impixano; ukudalwa koxhalabiso; ukulobolelana kwemixholo nemixholwana; intshukumo; ingxoxo; isantya; ubuzaza besimo sentlalo kwakunye nonikano-sithuba lweziganeko. Isiphumo solu phando siza kuba kukungqinelana kwemixholo nemixholwana, neentsingiselo eziqulethwe zezi noveli nale ngcingane ka- Karl Marx.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Uphononongo lwesimo sabalinganiswa ngokwepragmatiki kwiincwadi ezikhethiweyo zesiXhosa
- Msizi, Nontsikelelo Jeanette
- Authors: Msizi, Nontsikelelo Jeanette
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Xhosa literature Pragmatics , Characters and characteristics in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19641 , vital:28921
- Description: Lo msebenzi uza kujonga unxibelelwano oluthi lwenzeke phakathi kwabalinganiswa abakwiincwadi zesixhosa kusetyenziswa ithiyori yonxibelelwano kujongwe ekubonisweni isimo sabalinganiswa ngokwepragmatiki kwincwadi ezimbini zesixhosa, u"Ndixoleleni" ebhalwe ngu W.N Mbovane kwakunye nethi "Buzani kuBawo" ebhalwe ngu W.K Tamsanqa. Kukholeleka ukuba amaxesha amaninzi abantu abathetha ulwimi olunye bayakwazi ukunxibelelana kodwa bangavani ngenxa yokutyeba kwentsingiselo yentetha. Ipragmatiki yona ithi ijonge umgaqo wolwimi kwindlela abathethi bolwimi abaphumeza ngayo iincoko zabo ukuze zibe nentsingiselo efanekileyo neyamkelekileyo kubo. Unxibelelwano ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizinto esizenzayo nasekuziphatheni kwethu kuba ubani angaziphatha ngokwendlela axelelwa ngayo okanye ayibone komnye umntu. Ingcangane yonxibelelwano ijonge nendlela ethi umyalezo, namazwi omntu athi aveze intsingiselo xa kuthethwa ngabantu. le ngcingane ikwasebenzisa iimpawu nentsingiselo uykugqithisa umyalezo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Msizi, Nontsikelelo Jeanette
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Xhosa literature Pragmatics , Characters and characteristics in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19641 , vital:28921
- Description: Lo msebenzi uza kujonga unxibelelwano oluthi lwenzeke phakathi kwabalinganiswa abakwiincwadi zesixhosa kusetyenziswa ithiyori yonxibelelwano kujongwe ekubonisweni isimo sabalinganiswa ngokwepragmatiki kwincwadi ezimbini zesixhosa, u"Ndixoleleni" ebhalwe ngu W.N Mbovane kwakunye nethi "Buzani kuBawo" ebhalwe ngu W.K Tamsanqa. Kukholeleka ukuba amaxesha amaninzi abantu abathetha ulwimi olunye bayakwazi ukunxibelelana kodwa bangavani ngenxa yokutyeba kwentsingiselo yentetha. Ipragmatiki yona ithi ijonge umgaqo wolwimi kwindlela abathethi bolwimi abaphumeza ngayo iincoko zabo ukuze zibe nentsingiselo efanekileyo neyamkelekileyo kubo. Unxibelelwano ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizinto esizenzayo nasekuziphatheni kwethu kuba ubani angaziphatha ngokwendlela axelelwa ngayo okanye ayibone komnye umntu. Ingcangane yonxibelelwano ijonge nendlela ethi umyalezo, namazwi omntu athi aveze intsingiselo xa kuthethwa ngabantu. le ngcingane ikwasebenzisa iimpawu nentsingiselo uykugqithisa umyalezo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Uphononongo ngokobunzululwazi bume-ntlalo befuthe lasentshona kule mihla kwiincwadi zedrama: ekaqangule esihloko sithi “amaza” nekatamsanqa ethi “buzani kubawo.”
- Authors: Somkebe, Pindo Cynthia
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Xhosa drama -- Criticism and interpretation Xhosa literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20844 , vital:29406
- Description: Umba wokuguquka kwamaxesha nefuthe laseNtshona kudale uqhankqalazo, ungquzulwano novukelwano oludale unxunguphalo phakathi komzali nomntwana wakhe. Olu phando lugxile kakhulu kwincwadi kaTamsanqa ethi ‘Buzani kubawo’ nekaQangule ethi ‘Amaza’. Kuyafumaniseka ukuba ungquzulwano kwezi Drama zimbini lwenziwe kukudibana kwenkcubeko yaseNtshona neyemveli, zangquzulana. Abalinganiswa bamacala omabini baye banezinye iingqondo ezingahambelaniyo nelinye icala. Abalinganiswa abaziintloko bezi Drama zombini (ulutsha) bakholelwa kwinkcubeko yaseNtshona, babe abazali babo bona bekholelwa kwinkcubeko yemveli. Naxa abantu benkcubeko yemveli babeqhubeka nenkcubeko yabo yemveli, babengayithandi inkcubeko yaseNtshona eyamkelwe ngabantwana babo, ebenza ukuba bayijongele phantsi inkcubeko yabo yemveli. Apha ndizama ukuveza ukuguquka kwamaxesha ngenxa yefuthe laseNtshona okudale uqhankqalazo, ungquzulwano novukelwano phakathi komzali nomntwana nendlela oku kudala ngayo iyantlukwano ekuhlaleni naphakathi kwesizwe siphela. Oku kuza kwenziwa ngokuthi kuphononongwe nzulu ezi ncwadi zimbini zeDrama nendlela aba babhali abawudalance ngayo lo mcimbi wolu qhankqalazo. Ezinye izinto endiza kuziveza ziindlela zokuthetha ezithi zisetyenziswe ngabalinganiswa. Oku kwenziwa ngokuthi kugxeleshwe kakhulu kumagama nesigama esisetyenziswe ngaba babhali ukuzama ukuphuhlisa umxholo wabo. Unobangela wolu ngquzulwano kukuba abantu abadala abakholelwa kwinkcubeko yemveli bafuna ukuqweqwedisa abantwana abakholelwa kwinkcubeko yaseNtshona ukuba mabatshate ngenkani nabantu abangabathandiyo, nto leyo edale isiphelo esingekho sihle nokuphalala kwegazi kwezi Drama zimbini. Ngokuthe ngqo, ngokokucinga kwam, inkcubeko yaseAfrika ibonakala ikhuthaza ukuba ootata babenamalungelo angentla kwawoomama abashiyeka bona becinezelekile. Intwazana enguThobeka kuBuzani kubawo noNamhla kuAmaza bavezwe njengamaxhoba engcinezelo yamadoda xa bezibona sele begaxeleka emitshatweni namadoda abangawathandiyo. UThobeka utshatiswa noGugulethu angamaziyo ngenkani kuBuzani kubawo kanti uNamhla yena utshatiswa noSidima angamfuniyo, yena ezifunela uLizo wakhe kuAmaza. UThobeka uzibona ethobela abazali bakhe ngokuhamba aye eMthatha kuGugulethu ongamfuniyo kanti uyokuzibulalisa ngale ndoda kunye nabantwana athi ngabakhe. UNamhla kwelinye icala uthandana noLizo amthandayo ngoku angumfazi kaSidima, utshata noSidima ngomsesane abesele ewunikwe nguLizo. Unesibindi sokungenisa uLizo entangeni engekatshati kanti nangoku sele etshatile akayekanga ukungenisa uLizo apha kwaSidima. Apha ndiza kuveza uluvo lweengcali malunga neenkcubeko ezahlukileyo, unobangela wolu ngquzulwano neendlela ezinokwenziwa ukuthintela oku kungquzulana kule mihla siphila kuyo. Ukuqukumbela, isiphelo esibi sabalinganiswa senziwe kukunganyamezelani kwabantu abadala nabantwana benyanzelwa ngenkcubeko yemveli abangayifuniyo. Kuyinyaniso kona ukuba ngenxa yeenguqulelo ezininzi ezenzekileyo kweli, nezithe zalitshintsha ngokupheleleyo eli lizwe, uphando olutsha ngale miba lunganegalelo elikhulu. Ngoko ke, esi sifundo sigxile ekuphandeni nzulu ngendlela ephuhliswe ngayo le miba kwezi ncwadi zeDrama zimbini. Ababhali beethiyori ezahlukileyo ezisetyenziswe ekuhlalutyeni kolu phando benze kwakwazeka ukuchaza ngale miba yongquzulwano ngokunxulumene noncwadi. Inkcubeko ibonakala ingunozala nonobangela wendlela ubuni nongquzulwano obuthatyathwa ngayo ngabantu kwiintlanga zonke.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Somkebe, Pindo Cynthia
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Xhosa drama -- Criticism and interpretation Xhosa literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20844 , vital:29406
- Description: Umba wokuguquka kwamaxesha nefuthe laseNtshona kudale uqhankqalazo, ungquzulwano novukelwano oludale unxunguphalo phakathi komzali nomntwana wakhe. Olu phando lugxile kakhulu kwincwadi kaTamsanqa ethi ‘Buzani kubawo’ nekaQangule ethi ‘Amaza’. Kuyafumaniseka ukuba ungquzulwano kwezi Drama zimbini lwenziwe kukudibana kwenkcubeko yaseNtshona neyemveli, zangquzulana. Abalinganiswa bamacala omabini baye banezinye iingqondo ezingahambelaniyo nelinye icala. Abalinganiswa abaziintloko bezi Drama zombini (ulutsha) bakholelwa kwinkcubeko yaseNtshona, babe abazali babo bona bekholelwa kwinkcubeko yemveli. Naxa abantu benkcubeko yemveli babeqhubeka nenkcubeko yabo yemveli, babengayithandi inkcubeko yaseNtshona eyamkelwe ngabantwana babo, ebenza ukuba bayijongele phantsi inkcubeko yabo yemveli. Apha ndizama ukuveza ukuguquka kwamaxesha ngenxa yefuthe laseNtshona okudale uqhankqalazo, ungquzulwano novukelwano phakathi komzali nomntwana nendlela oku kudala ngayo iyantlukwano ekuhlaleni naphakathi kwesizwe siphela. Oku kuza kwenziwa ngokuthi kuphononongwe nzulu ezi ncwadi zimbini zeDrama nendlela aba babhali abawudalance ngayo lo mcimbi wolu qhankqalazo. Ezinye izinto endiza kuziveza ziindlela zokuthetha ezithi zisetyenziswe ngabalinganiswa. Oku kwenziwa ngokuthi kugxeleshwe kakhulu kumagama nesigama esisetyenziswe ngaba babhali ukuzama ukuphuhlisa umxholo wabo. Unobangela wolu ngquzulwano kukuba abantu abadala abakholelwa kwinkcubeko yemveli bafuna ukuqweqwedisa abantwana abakholelwa kwinkcubeko yaseNtshona ukuba mabatshate ngenkani nabantu abangabathandiyo, nto leyo edale isiphelo esingekho sihle nokuphalala kwegazi kwezi Drama zimbini. Ngokuthe ngqo, ngokokucinga kwam, inkcubeko yaseAfrika ibonakala ikhuthaza ukuba ootata babenamalungelo angentla kwawoomama abashiyeka bona becinezelekile. Intwazana enguThobeka kuBuzani kubawo noNamhla kuAmaza bavezwe njengamaxhoba engcinezelo yamadoda xa bezibona sele begaxeleka emitshatweni namadoda abangawathandiyo. UThobeka utshatiswa noGugulethu angamaziyo ngenkani kuBuzani kubawo kanti uNamhla yena utshatiswa noSidima angamfuniyo, yena ezifunela uLizo wakhe kuAmaza. UThobeka uzibona ethobela abazali bakhe ngokuhamba aye eMthatha kuGugulethu ongamfuniyo kanti uyokuzibulalisa ngale ndoda kunye nabantwana athi ngabakhe. UNamhla kwelinye icala uthandana noLizo amthandayo ngoku angumfazi kaSidima, utshata noSidima ngomsesane abesele ewunikwe nguLizo. Unesibindi sokungenisa uLizo entangeni engekatshati kanti nangoku sele etshatile akayekanga ukungenisa uLizo apha kwaSidima. Apha ndiza kuveza uluvo lweengcali malunga neenkcubeko ezahlukileyo, unobangela wolu ngquzulwano neendlela ezinokwenziwa ukuthintela oku kungquzulana kule mihla siphila kuyo. Ukuqukumbela, isiphelo esibi sabalinganiswa senziwe kukunganyamezelani kwabantu abadala nabantwana benyanzelwa ngenkcubeko yemveli abangayifuniyo. Kuyinyaniso kona ukuba ngenxa yeenguqulelo ezininzi ezenzekileyo kweli, nezithe zalitshintsha ngokupheleleyo eli lizwe, uphando olutsha ngale miba lunganegalelo elikhulu. Ngoko ke, esi sifundo sigxile ekuphandeni nzulu ngendlela ephuhliswe ngayo le miba kwezi ncwadi zeDrama zimbini. Ababhali beethiyori ezahlukileyo ezisetyenziswe ekuhlalutyeni kolu phando benze kwakwazeka ukuchaza ngale miba yongquzulwano ngokunxulumene noncwadi. Inkcubeko ibonakala ingunozala nonobangela wendlela ubuni nongquzulwano obuthatyathwa ngayo ngabantu kwiintlanga zonke.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Uphononongo nzulu lokusetyenziswa kweenkumbulo nokulibala ngabalinganiswa kwiincwadi ezikhethiweyo zesiXhosa
- Authors: Notshe, Lwandlekazi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Xhosa literature Xhosa drama -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20087 , vital:29105
- Description: Olu phando luza kuphendla ukusetyenziswa kweenkumbulo nokulibala ngabalinganiswa kwiincwadi ezichongiweyo zesiXhosa. Apha kuvezwa ukuba iinkumbulo zinika umkhombandlela womakwenziwe. Kuza kugocwagocwa ezi ncwadi zilandelayo: Ingalo ngokubhalwe ngu-K.S. Bongela Elundini loThukela ngokubhalwe ngu-J.J.R. Jolobe Ukuqhawuka kwembeleko ngokubhalwe ngu-D.M. Jongilanga Ingqumbo yeminyanya ngokubhalwe ngu-A.C. Jordan Bhota Nonceba ibhalwe ngu-B.B. Mafuya UMakhwekhwetha ngokubhalwe ngu-R.F. Mcimeli Umqol’ uphandle ngokubhalwe ngu-M.A.P. Ngani Umkhonto kaTshiwo ngokubhalwe ngu-M.A.P. Ngani Unyana womntu ngokubhalwe ngu- N.Saule Vuleka mhlaba ngokubhalwe nguN. Saule Imijelo yegazi ngokubhalwe ngu-Z.S. Zotwana Apha kwezi ncwadi kuza kuhlutywa ukuba ukukhumbula nokulibala luyasetyenziswa ngabantu abantetho isisiXhosa nokuba wonke umntu unazo iinkumbulo, ingaba ziinkumbulo ezimnandi okanye ezinxunguphalisayo. Isahluko sokuqala salo msebenzi siza kunika amagqabantshintshi ngolu phando. Esi sahluko siqulathe: - Ingabula-zigcawu - Iinjongo zophando - Imibuzo ekhokelele ekwenziweni kolu phando - Indlela yokwenza olu phando - Ukubaluleka kolu phando - Okuthethwa zezinye iingcali ngeenkumbulo nokulibala - Ingcaciso magama Isahluko sesibini siqulathe iingcingane yeenkumbulo, ingcingane yobume bengqondo kwakunye nengcingane yokuqonda. Kukwajongwe abasunguli bezi ngcingane nemisebenzi yabo. Isahluko sesithathu siqwalasele iinkumbulo nempembelelo yazo kwinkcubeko nasentlalweni kwiincwadi ezichongiweyo. Isahluko sesine sijonge iinkumbulo zembali yepolitiki eMzantsi Afrika. Isahluko sesihlanu sicubungula iinkumbulo nokulibala kwezomthetho. Isahluko sesithandathu nesisesokugqibela - sishwankathela iziphumo zophando kukwanikwa nezindululo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Notshe, Lwandlekazi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Xhosa literature Xhosa drama -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20087 , vital:29105
- Description: Olu phando luza kuphendla ukusetyenziswa kweenkumbulo nokulibala ngabalinganiswa kwiincwadi ezichongiweyo zesiXhosa. Apha kuvezwa ukuba iinkumbulo zinika umkhombandlela womakwenziwe. Kuza kugocwagocwa ezi ncwadi zilandelayo: Ingalo ngokubhalwe ngu-K.S. Bongela Elundini loThukela ngokubhalwe ngu-J.J.R. Jolobe Ukuqhawuka kwembeleko ngokubhalwe ngu-D.M. Jongilanga Ingqumbo yeminyanya ngokubhalwe ngu-A.C. Jordan Bhota Nonceba ibhalwe ngu-B.B. Mafuya UMakhwekhwetha ngokubhalwe ngu-R.F. Mcimeli Umqol’ uphandle ngokubhalwe ngu-M.A.P. Ngani Umkhonto kaTshiwo ngokubhalwe ngu-M.A.P. Ngani Unyana womntu ngokubhalwe ngu- N.Saule Vuleka mhlaba ngokubhalwe nguN. Saule Imijelo yegazi ngokubhalwe ngu-Z.S. Zotwana Apha kwezi ncwadi kuza kuhlutywa ukuba ukukhumbula nokulibala luyasetyenziswa ngabantu abantetho isisiXhosa nokuba wonke umntu unazo iinkumbulo, ingaba ziinkumbulo ezimnandi okanye ezinxunguphalisayo. Isahluko sokuqala salo msebenzi siza kunika amagqabantshintshi ngolu phando. Esi sahluko siqulathe: - Ingabula-zigcawu - Iinjongo zophando - Imibuzo ekhokelele ekwenziweni kolu phando - Indlela yokwenza olu phando - Ukubaluleka kolu phando - Okuthethwa zezinye iingcali ngeenkumbulo nokulibala - Ingcaciso magama Isahluko sesibini siqulathe iingcingane yeenkumbulo, ingcingane yobume bengqondo kwakunye nengcingane yokuqonda. Kukwajongwe abasunguli bezi ngcingane nemisebenzi yabo. Isahluko sesithathu siqwalasele iinkumbulo nempembelelo yazo kwinkcubeko nasentlalweni kwiincwadi ezichongiweyo. Isahluko sesine sijonge iinkumbulo zembali yepolitiki eMzantsi Afrika. Isahluko sesihlanu sicubungula iinkumbulo nokulibala kwezomthetho. Isahluko sesithandathu nesisesokugqibela - sishwankathela iziphumo zophando kukwanikwa nezindululo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Urban foraging: a ubiquitous human practice overlooked by urban planners, policy, and research
- Shackleton, Charlie M, Hurley, Patrick T, Dahlberg, Annika C, Emery, Marla R, Nagendra, Harini
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Hurley, Patrick T , Dahlberg, Annika C , Emery, Marla R , Nagendra, Harini
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60876 , vital:27848 , https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101884
- Description: Although hardly noticed or formally recognised, urban foraging by humans probably occurs in all urban settings around the world. We draw from research in India, South Africa, Sweden, and the United States to demonstrate the ubiquity and varied nature of urban foraging in different contexts. Across these different contexts, we distil seven themes that characterise and thereby advance thinking about research and the understanding of urban foraging. We show that it is widespread and occurs across a variety of urban spaces and places. The species used and the local practices vary between contexts, and are in constant flux as urban ecological and social settings change. This requires that urban foragers are knowledgeable about diverse species, harvest locations, and rights of access, and that their practices are adaptable to changing contexts. Despite its ubiquity, most cities have some forms of regulations that prohibit or discourage urban foraging. We highlight a few important exceptions that can provide prototypes and lessons for other cities regarding supportive policy frameworks and initiatives. The formulation of dynamic policy, design, and management strategies in support of urban foraging will benefit from understanding the common characteristics of foraging in cities worldwide, but also will require comprehension of the specific and dynamic contexts in which they would be implemented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Hurley, Patrick T , Dahlberg, Annika C , Emery, Marla R , Nagendra, Harini
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60876 , vital:27848 , https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101884
- Description: Although hardly noticed or formally recognised, urban foraging by humans probably occurs in all urban settings around the world. We draw from research in India, South Africa, Sweden, and the United States to demonstrate the ubiquity and varied nature of urban foraging in different contexts. Across these different contexts, we distil seven themes that characterise and thereby advance thinking about research and the understanding of urban foraging. We show that it is widespread and occurs across a variety of urban spaces and places. The species used and the local practices vary between contexts, and are in constant flux as urban ecological and social settings change. This requires that urban foragers are knowledgeable about diverse species, harvest locations, and rights of access, and that their practices are adaptable to changing contexts. Despite its ubiquity, most cities have some forms of regulations that prohibit or discourage urban foraging. We highlight a few important exceptions that can provide prototypes and lessons for other cities regarding supportive policy frameworks and initiatives. The formulation of dynamic policy, design, and management strategies in support of urban foraging will benefit from understanding the common characteristics of foraging in cities worldwide, but also will require comprehension of the specific and dynamic contexts in which they would be implemented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Urban resilience determinants with specific reference to the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, East London
- Authors: Ntakana, Khululekani
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: City planning -- South Africa -- East London Sustainable development -- South Africa -- East London , Regional planning -- South Africa -- East London Infrastructure (Economics) -- South Africa -- East London -- Planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19495 , vital:28886
- Description: The year 1994 marked the dawn of the new democratic South Africa, bringing its own set of challenges to the country. Currently urban areas cover only one and a half percent of South Africa’s surface area. However, sixty one percent of South Africans live in urban areas. Furthermore, the average growth rate for urban areas has been consistently higher than the population growth rate during the period from 1998 to 2008. This resulted in larger towns and cities, growing at the expense of rural areas, with metropolitan areas experiencing the highest influx, followed by secondary cities. However, urban areas consume more water, food, energy, and durable goods, and have an impact far beyond the urban boundaries. This directly relates to urban decline. The rapid influx of people into urban areas that are already overcrowded with large service delivery backlogs, has led to the formation of informal settlements in exposed locations. Many of the informal dwellings in South Africa are subjected to environmental factors. The absence of basic services in overcrowded areas is linked to negative health outcomes and enhanced environmental degradation. This study is a critical review of a phenomenon named urban resilience. The report seeks to highlight the current status in cities and the transformation that cities need to undergo to enable them to become the cities of tomorrow. Indeed, “sustainable future cities and human settlements begin today”. The paper raises arguments on urban resilience by different theorists, philosophers, academics and scholars. The study proceeds to unpack the urban resilience determinants. Furthermore, the challenges cites will experience in responding to rapid urbanisation and their denial attitude to informal settlement and environmental degradation, which include how cities respond to climate change, are under investigation . The purpose of the study is to share the theoretical framework relative to the urban resilience determinants, with the intention to solicit criticism on gaps and blind spots. This is done with specific reference to Buffalo City Municipality. This study aims to contribute to the goals of municipalities by improving understanding of the drivers of urban resilience. This will, in turn, enable a city system to withstand and recover quickly from multiple and diverse shocks and stresses, and improve its performance over time. However, this study was conducted within a qualitative paradigm. The study followed a non-probability sampling technique. Categories of data sources were identified based on their probability to hold information that is crucial to the study. For each category, this study followed a 50 + 1 rule for sampling size when the population of the data sources were identified and access gained. he statistical software (SPSS) supported by a qualified statistician was used to analyse data qualitatively in attempt to answer the research question.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Ntakana, Khululekani
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: City planning -- South Africa -- East London Sustainable development -- South Africa -- East London , Regional planning -- South Africa -- East London Infrastructure (Economics) -- South Africa -- East London -- Planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19495 , vital:28886
- Description: The year 1994 marked the dawn of the new democratic South Africa, bringing its own set of challenges to the country. Currently urban areas cover only one and a half percent of South Africa’s surface area. However, sixty one percent of South Africans live in urban areas. Furthermore, the average growth rate for urban areas has been consistently higher than the population growth rate during the period from 1998 to 2008. This resulted in larger towns and cities, growing at the expense of rural areas, with metropolitan areas experiencing the highest influx, followed by secondary cities. However, urban areas consume more water, food, energy, and durable goods, and have an impact far beyond the urban boundaries. This directly relates to urban decline. The rapid influx of people into urban areas that are already overcrowded with large service delivery backlogs, has led to the formation of informal settlements in exposed locations. Many of the informal dwellings in South Africa are subjected to environmental factors. The absence of basic services in overcrowded areas is linked to negative health outcomes and enhanced environmental degradation. This study is a critical review of a phenomenon named urban resilience. The report seeks to highlight the current status in cities and the transformation that cities need to undergo to enable them to become the cities of tomorrow. Indeed, “sustainable future cities and human settlements begin today”. The paper raises arguments on urban resilience by different theorists, philosophers, academics and scholars. The study proceeds to unpack the urban resilience determinants. Furthermore, the challenges cites will experience in responding to rapid urbanisation and their denial attitude to informal settlement and environmental degradation, which include how cities respond to climate change, are under investigation . The purpose of the study is to share the theoretical framework relative to the urban resilience determinants, with the intention to solicit criticism on gaps and blind spots. This is done with specific reference to Buffalo City Municipality. This study aims to contribute to the goals of municipalities by improving understanding of the drivers of urban resilience. This will, in turn, enable a city system to withstand and recover quickly from multiple and diverse shocks and stresses, and improve its performance over time. However, this study was conducted within a qualitative paradigm. The study followed a non-probability sampling technique. Categories of data sources were identified based on their probability to hold information that is crucial to the study. For each category, this study followed a 50 + 1 rule for sampling size when the population of the data sources were identified and access gained. he statistical software (SPSS) supported by a qualified statistician was used to analyse data qualitatively in attempt to answer the research question.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Use of fungicides for the management of Uromycladium acaciae in Acacia mearnsii plantations, South Africa
- Authors: Payn, Richard Guy
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Fungicides -- South Africa Acacia mearnsii -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20500 , vital:29299
- Description: South Africa has ca. 110 000 ha planted to Acacia mearnsii with 85% of the revenue from the species obtained from the timber, and 15% from the bark. Since its detection in 2013, wattle rust (recently identified as Uromycladium acaciae) has spread throughout the black wattle plantation area in KwaZulu-Natal, and from 2015 it was recorded in southern Mpumalanga. The pathogen affects trees of all age classes, causing a reduction in growth, as well as mortality with severe infection. Research has been initiated to determine a number of strategies for the management of the pathogen. These strategies include understanding wattle rust biology and epidemiology, planting tolerant or resistant black wattle, the testing and use of fungicide for management, and remote sensing and process based modelling to assess black wattle loss and high risk areas. These, with the outcomes from this research, will be combined into an overall Integrated Pest Management plan. Of the various strategies, the management of wattle rust with the use of fungicides is important, not only as it will have the potential to reduce the negative impacts of wattle rust, but it will also provide an interim solution until the other research areas provide alternative solutions. To address the current lack of fungicides available (and knowledge around their application) for the management of wattle rust, a series of trials were implemented to screen fungicides for their potential use, extend periods between the re-application of fungicide (if possible), the linking of symptoms to Disease Expression to aid with the timing of application, and the cost:benefits associated with fungicide use. Prior to the initiation of research into managing wattle rust, no fungicides were registered in South Africa for the control of wattle rust. In October / November 2014, three A. mearnsii trials were initiated in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands and SE Mpumulanga where fungicides were tested at varying rates for the control of wattle rust. Wattle rust had a significant and negative impact on tree growth, irrespective of site and/or previous infection. All fungicides tested and at all the rates applied, proved effective for control. For the most effective control of wattle rust, fungicides should be applied as a preventative, rather than corrective measure. In October 2015 a trial was initiated in southern KwaZulu-Natal to determine the effectiveness of varied application schedules and adjuvants of fungicides for the management of wattle rust. Two trials had initially been initiated but one had to be abandoned due to browsing damage. Wattle rust had a significant impact upon Groundline Diameter and Biomass Index but not Height. All of the adjuvants used and application schedules were effective in managing wattle rust. The most effective fungicide application used will therefore be based upon cost and in a manner that will reduce the likelihood of acquired resistance developing in wattle rust populations. The timing of fungicide application is necessary for optimal use of these fungicides. Fungicide applications could potentially be linked to the emergence of different wattle rust symptoms to optimize fungicide use. Wattle rust symptoms were analysed from the untreated control plots of two trials, one in the KwaZulu-Natal midlands and one in southern KwaZulu-Natal, to determine whether wattle rust Disease expression could be linked to black wattle tree growth. Regression trees were used for the analysis, as linear and multiple regression techniques would be unsuitable for the data. Regression trees were overfitted and attempts at testing the robustness of the model by cross-validation were unsuccessful. No individual symptom emerged as a significant predictor of tree growth, indicating that fungicide application should take place with the onset of any of the wattle rust symptoms tested. The results from six trials testing the use of fungicides for managing wattle rust were compared to assess costs associated with fungicide use. Relative growth for Biomass Index was compared to untreated controls to obtain comparisons within and between sites. Costs versus benefit were compared using a two-way table to determine the most optimum treatment. The largest portion of treatment costs was attributed to the cost of fungicide. No single treatment was found to be optimal for the recommended rate of application. The use of adjuvants increased the cost of treatment, without additional benefit in growth. Control of wattle rust is beneficial, although costly if over-applied. Rotation-end data is required to determine whether fungicide use is economical for managing wattle rust over an extended period of time. As a limited number of fungicides, from a limited number of fungicide groups were screened, the screening of additional fungicides from different fungicide groups will provide an additional selection of fungicides. If these are used in combination or alternation, the likelihood of acquired resistance developing among wattle rust populations will be reduced. Linking fungicide applications with wattle rust epidemiological and climatic data will aid in optimal use of fungicides, by timing applications to coincide with epidemiological and climatic cues. Rotation end research comparing final yield on fungicide treated versus untreated black wattle is needed to fully understand the economics of fungicide use. This will also aid in the understanding of the impact of wattle rust on tree age.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Payn, Richard Guy
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Fungicides -- South Africa Acacia mearnsii -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20500 , vital:29299
- Description: South Africa has ca. 110 000 ha planted to Acacia mearnsii with 85% of the revenue from the species obtained from the timber, and 15% from the bark. Since its detection in 2013, wattle rust (recently identified as Uromycladium acaciae) has spread throughout the black wattle plantation area in KwaZulu-Natal, and from 2015 it was recorded in southern Mpumalanga. The pathogen affects trees of all age classes, causing a reduction in growth, as well as mortality with severe infection. Research has been initiated to determine a number of strategies for the management of the pathogen. These strategies include understanding wattle rust biology and epidemiology, planting tolerant or resistant black wattle, the testing and use of fungicide for management, and remote sensing and process based modelling to assess black wattle loss and high risk areas. These, with the outcomes from this research, will be combined into an overall Integrated Pest Management plan. Of the various strategies, the management of wattle rust with the use of fungicides is important, not only as it will have the potential to reduce the negative impacts of wattle rust, but it will also provide an interim solution until the other research areas provide alternative solutions. To address the current lack of fungicides available (and knowledge around their application) for the management of wattle rust, a series of trials were implemented to screen fungicides for their potential use, extend periods between the re-application of fungicide (if possible), the linking of symptoms to Disease Expression to aid with the timing of application, and the cost:benefits associated with fungicide use. Prior to the initiation of research into managing wattle rust, no fungicides were registered in South Africa for the control of wattle rust. In October / November 2014, three A. mearnsii trials were initiated in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands and SE Mpumulanga where fungicides were tested at varying rates for the control of wattle rust. Wattle rust had a significant and negative impact on tree growth, irrespective of site and/or previous infection. All fungicides tested and at all the rates applied, proved effective for control. For the most effective control of wattle rust, fungicides should be applied as a preventative, rather than corrective measure. In October 2015 a trial was initiated in southern KwaZulu-Natal to determine the effectiveness of varied application schedules and adjuvants of fungicides for the management of wattle rust. Two trials had initially been initiated but one had to be abandoned due to browsing damage. Wattle rust had a significant impact upon Groundline Diameter and Biomass Index but not Height. All of the adjuvants used and application schedules were effective in managing wattle rust. The most effective fungicide application used will therefore be based upon cost and in a manner that will reduce the likelihood of acquired resistance developing in wattle rust populations. The timing of fungicide application is necessary for optimal use of these fungicides. Fungicide applications could potentially be linked to the emergence of different wattle rust symptoms to optimize fungicide use. Wattle rust symptoms were analysed from the untreated control plots of two trials, one in the KwaZulu-Natal midlands and one in southern KwaZulu-Natal, to determine whether wattle rust Disease expression could be linked to black wattle tree growth. Regression trees were used for the analysis, as linear and multiple regression techniques would be unsuitable for the data. Regression trees were overfitted and attempts at testing the robustness of the model by cross-validation were unsuccessful. No individual symptom emerged as a significant predictor of tree growth, indicating that fungicide application should take place with the onset of any of the wattle rust symptoms tested. The results from six trials testing the use of fungicides for managing wattle rust were compared to assess costs associated with fungicide use. Relative growth for Biomass Index was compared to untreated controls to obtain comparisons within and between sites. Costs versus benefit were compared using a two-way table to determine the most optimum treatment. The largest portion of treatment costs was attributed to the cost of fungicide. No single treatment was found to be optimal for the recommended rate of application. The use of adjuvants increased the cost of treatment, without additional benefit in growth. Control of wattle rust is beneficial, although costly if over-applied. Rotation-end data is required to determine whether fungicide use is economical for managing wattle rust over an extended period of time. As a limited number of fungicides, from a limited number of fungicide groups were screened, the screening of additional fungicides from different fungicide groups will provide an additional selection of fungicides. If these are used in combination or alternation, the likelihood of acquired resistance developing among wattle rust populations will be reduced. Linking fungicide applications with wattle rust epidemiological and climatic data will aid in optimal use of fungicides, by timing applications to coincide with epidemiological and climatic cues. Rotation end research comparing final yield on fungicide treated versus untreated black wattle is needed to fully understand the economics of fungicide use. This will also aid in the understanding of the impact of wattle rust on tree age.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
User experience guidelines for mobile natural user interfaces: a case study of physically disabled users
- Authors: Jacobs, Gershwin
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: User interfaces (Computer systems) Human-computer interaction , Mobile computing Augmented reality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17547 , vital:28377
- Description: Motor impaired people are faced with many challenges, one being the of lack integration into certain spheres of society. Access to information is seen as a major issue for the motor impaired since most forms of interaction or interactive devices are not suited to the needs of motor impaired people. People with motor impairments, like the rest of the population, are increasingly using mobile phones. As a result of the current devices and methods used for interaction with content on mobile phones, various factors prohibit a pleasant experience for users with motor impairments. To counter these factors, this study recognizes the need to implement better suited methods of interaction and navigation to improve accessibility, usability and user experience for motor impaired users. The objective of the study was to gain an understanding of the nature of motor impairments and the challenges that this group of people face when using mobile phones. Once this was determined, a solution to address this problem was found in the form of natural user interfaces. In order to gain a better understanding of this technology, various forms of NUIs and the benefits thereof were studied by the researcher in order to determine how this technology can be implemented to meet the needs of motor impaired people. To test theory, the Samsung Galaxy s5 was selected as the NUI device for the study. It must be noted that this study started in the year 2013 and the Galaxy S5 was the latest device claiming to improve interaction for disabled people at the time. This device was used in a case study that made use of various data collection methods, including participant interviews. Various motor impaired participants were requested to perform predefined tasks on the device, along with the completion of a set of user experience questionnaires. Based on the results of the study, it was found that interaction with mobile phones is an issue for people with motor impairments and that alternative methods of interaction need to be implemented. These results contributed to the final output of this study, namely a set of user experience guidelines for the design of mobile human computer interaction for motor impaired users.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Jacobs, Gershwin
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: User interfaces (Computer systems) Human-computer interaction , Mobile computing Augmented reality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17547 , vital:28377
- Description: Motor impaired people are faced with many challenges, one being the of lack integration into certain spheres of society. Access to information is seen as a major issue for the motor impaired since most forms of interaction or interactive devices are not suited to the needs of motor impaired people. People with motor impairments, like the rest of the population, are increasingly using mobile phones. As a result of the current devices and methods used for interaction with content on mobile phones, various factors prohibit a pleasant experience for users with motor impairments. To counter these factors, this study recognizes the need to implement better suited methods of interaction and navigation to improve accessibility, usability and user experience for motor impaired users. The objective of the study was to gain an understanding of the nature of motor impairments and the challenges that this group of people face when using mobile phones. Once this was determined, a solution to address this problem was found in the form of natural user interfaces. In order to gain a better understanding of this technology, various forms of NUIs and the benefits thereof were studied by the researcher in order to determine how this technology can be implemented to meet the needs of motor impaired people. To test theory, the Samsung Galaxy s5 was selected as the NUI device for the study. It must be noted that this study started in the year 2013 and the Galaxy S5 was the latest device claiming to improve interaction for disabled people at the time. This device was used in a case study that made use of various data collection methods, including participant interviews. Various motor impaired participants were requested to perform predefined tasks on the device, along with the completion of a set of user experience questionnaires. Based on the results of the study, it was found that interaction with mobile phones is an issue for people with motor impairments and that alternative methods of interaction need to be implemented. These results contributed to the final output of this study, namely a set of user experience guidelines for the design of mobile human computer interaction for motor impaired users.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017