Psychological and emotional effects of repeated exposure to violent crimes on victims residing in a high crime community in Nelson Mandela Metropolitan in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: De Klerk, Ulricha
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46413 , vital:39582
- Description: Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). While the literature provides detailed and comprehensive approaches and counselling modalities to working with clients who experience traumatic events, there is not much evidence on the experiences of individuals who reside in high crime communities. It follows, that the psychological and emotional experiences, as well as needs of such individuals may present with specific requirements from the therapeutic alliance. This study aimed to explore the psychological and emotional effects of repeated exposure to high crime and violence and the implications this posed to traumatic experiences. The study further aimed to develop a set of guidelines that can be drawn upon when working therapeutically with clients who reside in high crime communities. The study draws on a qualitative methodology and 17 participants were interviewed. The transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis and five themes were identified, relevant to the aims and objectives that were set. The findings suggest that the psychological and emotional experiences of individuals who reside in high crime communities, is experienced at a more heightened and prolonged period, thus making the psychotherapeutic intervention employed, more specific. To this effect, the guidelines developed provide specific strategies and approaches thatwere developed based on the themes identified and verified by a panel of psychological experts. The study contributes to the field of trauma, counselling and violence, in that it focuses on an area of trauma that has not been adequately focused on withinthe South African context, as well as in global contexts.
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- Date Issued: 2020
Characterisation and optimisation of waterjet impact forces and energy parameters during hydroentanglement
- Authors: Moyo, Doice
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Textile chemistry , Nonwoven fabrics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:10453 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020134
- Description: Hydroentanglement is an important technique of bonding fibres to produce nonwovens using high velocity waterjets as the primary bonding tool. The work reported in this thesis addresses the gap in scientific knowledge and understanding, both theoretical and experimental, related to the impact forces and energy of the waterjets used in the hydroentanglement process. The current study focused on the impact forces and energy involved in, and the optimisation of, the hydroentanglement process. The results of the experimentally measured waterjet impact forces have been used to characterise the waterjets as well as to verify empirically the theoretical models currently available for explaining the mechanics of the hydroentanglement process. Since the process of supplying pressurised waterjets consumes a great deal of energy, the study of energy consumption and efficiency of the system has been critical. A method was proposed and used to determine the coefficients of velocity and water discharge of an industrial machine set-up, helping explain the mechanism of energy transfer during hydroentanglement and to concurrently optimise the process. Furthermore, a response surface experimental design was used to optimise the hydroentanglement of viscose and Polylactic acid (PLA) fibres into nonwovens. The selected Box-Behnken design, with four factors, namely the waterjet force, machine processing speed, input weight and fibre type, was employed to investigate the multivariate process factors and their interactive effects on physical and mechanical properties of nonwovens. Two sets of experiments, the later for validation, were performed to study the energy transfer efficiency. The results of the relative energy transfer to bond the fibrous web showed that it was possible to produce nonwovens using lower input energy without compromising the quality of the products. The optimum waterjet pressure and machine speed used to produce the Abstract nonwoven with the highest tensile strength for the least amount of energy supplied were identified.
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- Date Issued: 2012