The influence of microfinance institutions on small, medium and micro-enterprises in South Africa
- Authors: Baloyi, Norman Tinyiko
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Microfinance -- South Africa Small business -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17459 , vital:28342
- Description: South Africa, with its establishment of the National Department of Small Business Development, in 2014, made its intentions known for wanting to create a conducive environment by developing and supporting small businesses and cooperatives through financial and non-financial provisions. Nevertheless, there is still a high failure rate of Small, Medium and Micro-sized Enterprises (SMMEs), many of them failing on their first year due to various challenges and circumstances, one of which is lack of access to finances. Banks have been and still are unwilling to provide SMMEs with loans due to SMMEs’ having high-risk levels of failure rates. This gap gives an opportunity to micro-finance institutions (MFIs) to provide financial support to the SMMEs, which comes with the challenge of properly screening the SMMEs and the possible risk of non-payment. The big question is whether MFIs are willing to support SMMEs and whether SMMEs are interested in obtaining support from MFIs. If so, what are the roles, functions and influence of MFIs towards the SMMEs? This study was undertaken to examine the impact and effectiveness of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in discharging their duties and responsibilities towards SMMEs in South Africa, by first considering the nature, challenges and scope of SMMEs as well as the nature and extent, risks, credit ratings, impact assessment and regulations that affect the products and services of MFIs. Both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were used in this study. It was found that most SMMEs are making use of the products and services of MFIs. MFIs have been found to provide different reasons for supporting SMMEs, which were also measured and assessed against the previous study, and similar trends were found.The study further found the following: 65% of SMMEs needed microfinance assistance/support from MFIs, 54% of SMMEs were satisfied with the services rendered by MFIs, 35% of MFIs reached out to SMMEs, and 67% of SMMEs preferred formal and registered MFIs for financing of their business activities. The types of risks that most MFIs are faced with were found to be loan repayments from SMMEs, providing smaller loans in order to cater for multiple clients, client dropouts, financial regression, switching of clients, clients engaged with multiple competing MFIs, and making use of informal and unregistered MFIs. Natural disasters such as floods was found to be the least type of a risk. Most SMMEs (approximately 82%) have alluded to the use of informal and unregistered MFIs, due to the convenience of getting support, where there is no screening of the applications, in spite of higher loan interest rates. About 61% of MFIs happen to have a formal screening process of the loan application, which comprises mainly credit checks. No thorough vetting process is done on the clients. Some MFIs (approximately 39%) do not have criteria for assessing whether to fund or not to fund microenterprises, and this is a huge risk, as these MFIs are exposing themselves to non-repayment vulnerabilities by the SMMEs. About 63% of the MFIs were not aware of most of the rules and regulations that affect MFIs, which gives an indication that there is a lack of awareness, education and training.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Baloyi, Norman Tinyiko
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Microfinance -- South Africa Small business -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17459 , vital:28342
- Description: South Africa, with its establishment of the National Department of Small Business Development, in 2014, made its intentions known for wanting to create a conducive environment by developing and supporting small businesses and cooperatives through financial and non-financial provisions. Nevertheless, there is still a high failure rate of Small, Medium and Micro-sized Enterprises (SMMEs), many of them failing on their first year due to various challenges and circumstances, one of which is lack of access to finances. Banks have been and still are unwilling to provide SMMEs with loans due to SMMEs’ having high-risk levels of failure rates. This gap gives an opportunity to micro-finance institutions (MFIs) to provide financial support to the SMMEs, which comes with the challenge of properly screening the SMMEs and the possible risk of non-payment. The big question is whether MFIs are willing to support SMMEs and whether SMMEs are interested in obtaining support from MFIs. If so, what are the roles, functions and influence of MFIs towards the SMMEs? This study was undertaken to examine the impact and effectiveness of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in discharging their duties and responsibilities towards SMMEs in South Africa, by first considering the nature, challenges and scope of SMMEs as well as the nature and extent, risks, credit ratings, impact assessment and regulations that affect the products and services of MFIs. Both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were used in this study. It was found that most SMMEs are making use of the products and services of MFIs. MFIs have been found to provide different reasons for supporting SMMEs, which were also measured and assessed against the previous study, and similar trends were found.The study further found the following: 65% of SMMEs needed microfinance assistance/support from MFIs, 54% of SMMEs were satisfied with the services rendered by MFIs, 35% of MFIs reached out to SMMEs, and 67% of SMMEs preferred formal and registered MFIs for financing of their business activities. The types of risks that most MFIs are faced with were found to be loan repayments from SMMEs, providing smaller loans in order to cater for multiple clients, client dropouts, financial regression, switching of clients, clients engaged with multiple competing MFIs, and making use of informal and unregistered MFIs. Natural disasters such as floods was found to be the least type of a risk. Most SMMEs (approximately 82%) have alluded to the use of informal and unregistered MFIs, due to the convenience of getting support, where there is no screening of the applications, in spite of higher loan interest rates. About 61% of MFIs happen to have a formal screening process of the loan application, which comprises mainly credit checks. No thorough vetting process is done on the clients. Some MFIs (approximately 39%) do not have criteria for assessing whether to fund or not to fund microenterprises, and this is a huge risk, as these MFIs are exposing themselves to non-repayment vulnerabilities by the SMMEs. About 63% of the MFIs were not aware of most of the rules and regulations that affect MFIs, which gives an indication that there is a lack of awareness, education and training.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Vergelyking van Tilapia (Oreochromis Mossambicus)en Koi (Ciprinus Carpio) in verskillende produksiestelsels
- Authors: Van der Merwe, Johan Philip
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Fish culture
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Agricultural Management)
- Identifier: vital:10967 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/114 , Fish culture
- Description: Die studie was uitgevoer om te bepaal of warmwaterspesies soos tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) en koi (Ciprinus carpio) gebruik kan word as deel van 'n roterende akwakultuur produksie sisteem in die Wes-Kaap. Drie produksiestelsels (drywende hokstelsel; gronddamme en hersirkuleringseenheid) was ge-evalueer vir beide tilapia en koi produksie. Twee verskillende diëte (tilapia, 32% proteien, 'n lae waarde dieet en koi, 32% proteien, 'n hoë waarde dieet) was ook ge-evalueer vir die effek op koi produksie. Tilapia- en koi vingerlinge was teen dieselfde lading (250/hok) in elke produksiestelsel geplaas. By die begin van die proewe het die tilapia vingerlinge 'n gemiddelde gewig van 60-80g en die koi vingerlinge 'n gemiddelde lengte van 30-40 mm gehad. Die visse is twee keer per dag gevoer en data is op 'n maandelikse basis oor 'n periode van 84 dae versamel. Produksie data vir die tilapia versamel was: 1) die gemiddelde daaglikse toename, 2) die totale voer verbruik, 3) water temperature en 4) mortaliteite is daagliks aangeteken. Die produksie data versamel vir koi wat twee verskillende diëte ontvang het in drie verskillende produksiestelsels was: 1) die gemiddelde daaglikse toename in lengte, 2) die totale voer verbruik, 3) water temperature en 4) mortaliteite is daagliks aangeteken. Die resultate van die tilapia studie het aangedui dat tilapia in die hersirkuleeringseenheid het deurgaans 'n swaarder gewig gehad (p<0.05) as die van die drywende hokstelsel en gronddam stelsel. Terwyl die gronddam stelsel weer 'n swaarder gewig gehad het as die drywende hokstelsel behalwe vir April (171,67 / 39,49 vs 159,33 / 22,15). Nieteenstaande die verskil in begin gewig en eind gewig in die guns van die tilapia in die hersirkuleringseenheid teenoor die ander twee stelsels het die GDT tussen die drywende hokstelsel en die hersirkuleringseenheid nie noemenswaardig verskil nie (1,20 / 0,15 vs 1,40 / 0,24). Die tilapia in die gronddamme het egter swakker (p<0,05) gewigstoename van 0,72 / 0,32 g gehad teenoor die tilapia in die drywende hokstesel 1,40 / 0,24 g en 1,20 / 0,15 g van die tilapia in die hersirkuleringseenheid. Tilapia in die gronddamme het dus ongeveer 45% swakker gemiddelde gewigstoename getoon as die van die drywende hokstelsel en hersirkuleringseenheid. Die produksiestelsel het 'n hoogs betekenisvolle invloed (p<0,001) op die groeipotensiaal van tilapia gehad in hierdie studie. Die gemiddelde totale hoeveelheid voer verbruik was nie statisties verskillend tussen die drywende hokstelsel en gronddam stelsel nie (29,83 / 2,66 vs 30,83 / 5,42), maar wel (p<0,05) vir die hersirkuleringseenheid (29,94 / 0,88). Die VOV het nie verskil tussen die drywende hokstelsel en hersirkuleringeenheid, maar daar was wel 'n verskil (p<0,05) tussen hierdie twee stelsels en die van die gronddamme. Die totale gemiddelde mortaliteite van tilapia was die hoogste (p<0,05) vir die drywende hokstelsel in vergelyking met die gronddamme en hersirkuleringseenheid. Die drywende hokstelsel het 14,67 / 14,61% meer mortaliteite gehad as die gronddamme en hersirkuleringeenheid. Die koi studie se resultate dui aan dat die tipe stelsel het 'n hoogs betekenisvolle (p<0,001) invloed gehad op die gemiddelde toename in lengte van die koi vis vir die somerseisoen. Die tipe dieet het geen invloed op die toename in lengte van koi vis vir al drie die stelsels ge-evalueer, maar die interaksie tussen dieet en die tipe stelsel was wel betekenisvol (p<0.05). Die interaksie tussen die tipe dieet en die tipe stelsel was die hoogste vir die groddamme 136,41 / 32,46 mm en 136,25 / 33,08 mm vir beide tilapia en die koi diëte gevoer. Die gemiddelde totale voer wat deur koi visse in die drie stelsels verbruik is, het wel statisties van mekaar verskil (p<0,05). Koi visse in die gronddam stelsel het meer voer verbruik vir beide die tilapia- en koi dieet (31,03 / 2,01 en 29,67 / 3,57) in vergelyking met die (26,35 / 2,44 ; 26,98 / 0,49 en 5,50 # 0,52 en 6,13 / 0,22) vir die drywende hokke en hersirkuleringseenheid stelsels onderskiedelik. Die % mortaliteite was betekenisvol (p<0,05) vir die verskillende stelsels. Koi visse in die hersirkuleringseenheid het die hoogste mortaliteite gehad vir beide die tilapia en die koi diëte (65,50 / 18,07% en 79,50 / 38,27%) terwyl koi visse in die gronddamme die laagste mortaliteite ondervind het (1,20 / 1,20% en 2,33 / 4,89%) vir beide die tilapia en koi diëte. Die koi in die gronddam stelsel het die beste resultate gelewer en dit is ook moontlik om koi 'n lae waarde dieet te voer sonder nadelige effekte op produksie.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Van der Merwe, Johan Philip
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Fish culture
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Agricultural Management)
- Identifier: vital:10967 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/114 , Fish culture
- Description: Die studie was uitgevoer om te bepaal of warmwaterspesies soos tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) en koi (Ciprinus carpio) gebruik kan word as deel van 'n roterende akwakultuur produksie sisteem in die Wes-Kaap. Drie produksiestelsels (drywende hokstelsel; gronddamme en hersirkuleringseenheid) was ge-evalueer vir beide tilapia en koi produksie. Twee verskillende diëte (tilapia, 32% proteien, 'n lae waarde dieet en koi, 32% proteien, 'n hoë waarde dieet) was ook ge-evalueer vir die effek op koi produksie. Tilapia- en koi vingerlinge was teen dieselfde lading (250/hok) in elke produksiestelsel geplaas. By die begin van die proewe het die tilapia vingerlinge 'n gemiddelde gewig van 60-80g en die koi vingerlinge 'n gemiddelde lengte van 30-40 mm gehad. Die visse is twee keer per dag gevoer en data is op 'n maandelikse basis oor 'n periode van 84 dae versamel. Produksie data vir die tilapia versamel was: 1) die gemiddelde daaglikse toename, 2) die totale voer verbruik, 3) water temperature en 4) mortaliteite is daagliks aangeteken. Die produksie data versamel vir koi wat twee verskillende diëte ontvang het in drie verskillende produksiestelsels was: 1) die gemiddelde daaglikse toename in lengte, 2) die totale voer verbruik, 3) water temperature en 4) mortaliteite is daagliks aangeteken. Die resultate van die tilapia studie het aangedui dat tilapia in die hersirkuleeringseenheid het deurgaans 'n swaarder gewig gehad (p<0.05) as die van die drywende hokstelsel en gronddam stelsel. Terwyl die gronddam stelsel weer 'n swaarder gewig gehad het as die drywende hokstelsel behalwe vir April (171,67 / 39,49 vs 159,33 / 22,15). Nieteenstaande die verskil in begin gewig en eind gewig in die guns van die tilapia in die hersirkuleringseenheid teenoor die ander twee stelsels het die GDT tussen die drywende hokstelsel en die hersirkuleringseenheid nie noemenswaardig verskil nie (1,20 / 0,15 vs 1,40 / 0,24). Die tilapia in die gronddamme het egter swakker (p<0,05) gewigstoename van 0,72 / 0,32 g gehad teenoor die tilapia in die drywende hokstesel 1,40 / 0,24 g en 1,20 / 0,15 g van die tilapia in die hersirkuleringseenheid. Tilapia in die gronddamme het dus ongeveer 45% swakker gemiddelde gewigstoename getoon as die van die drywende hokstelsel en hersirkuleringseenheid. Die produksiestelsel het 'n hoogs betekenisvolle invloed (p<0,001) op die groeipotensiaal van tilapia gehad in hierdie studie. Die gemiddelde totale hoeveelheid voer verbruik was nie statisties verskillend tussen die drywende hokstelsel en gronddam stelsel nie (29,83 / 2,66 vs 30,83 / 5,42), maar wel (p<0,05) vir die hersirkuleringseenheid (29,94 / 0,88). Die VOV het nie verskil tussen die drywende hokstelsel en hersirkuleringeenheid, maar daar was wel 'n verskil (p<0,05) tussen hierdie twee stelsels en die van die gronddamme. Die totale gemiddelde mortaliteite van tilapia was die hoogste (p<0,05) vir die drywende hokstelsel in vergelyking met die gronddamme en hersirkuleringseenheid. Die drywende hokstelsel het 14,67 / 14,61% meer mortaliteite gehad as die gronddamme en hersirkuleringeenheid. Die koi studie se resultate dui aan dat die tipe stelsel het 'n hoogs betekenisvolle (p<0,001) invloed gehad op die gemiddelde toename in lengte van die koi vis vir die somerseisoen. Die tipe dieet het geen invloed op die toename in lengte van koi vis vir al drie die stelsels ge-evalueer, maar die interaksie tussen dieet en die tipe stelsel was wel betekenisvol (p<0.05). Die interaksie tussen die tipe dieet en die tipe stelsel was die hoogste vir die groddamme 136,41 / 32,46 mm en 136,25 / 33,08 mm vir beide tilapia en die koi diëte gevoer. Die gemiddelde totale voer wat deur koi visse in die drie stelsels verbruik is, het wel statisties van mekaar verskil (p<0,05). Koi visse in die gronddam stelsel het meer voer verbruik vir beide die tilapia- en koi dieet (31,03 / 2,01 en 29,67 / 3,57) in vergelyking met die (26,35 / 2,44 ; 26,98 / 0,49 en 5,50 # 0,52 en 6,13 / 0,22) vir die drywende hokke en hersirkuleringseenheid stelsels onderskiedelik. Die % mortaliteite was betekenisvol (p<0,05) vir die verskillende stelsels. Koi visse in die hersirkuleringseenheid het die hoogste mortaliteite gehad vir beide die tilapia en die koi diëte (65,50 / 18,07% en 79,50 / 38,27%) terwyl koi visse in die gronddamme die laagste mortaliteite ondervind het (1,20 / 1,20% en 2,33 / 4,89%) vir beide die tilapia en koi diëte. Die koi in die gronddam stelsel het die beste resultate gelewer en dit is ook moontlik om koi 'n lae waarde dieet te voer sonder nadelige effekte op produksie.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
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