A spiritual intelligence model for operational humanitarian leadership development in conflict-affected areas
- Authors: Els, Deon André
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Development leadership Conflict management , Peace-building Spiritual life
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15534 , vital:28267
- Description: The scale and cadence of crises that demand international humanitarian response are on the rise and pose increasingly hostile and complex challenges to operational humanitarian leaders. The international responses to humanitarian crises since 2011 recognised the need for successful humanitarian leadership development that emphasises the importance of ethical and effective leadership. The under-achievement of operational humanitarian leaders in conflict-affected areas has long been a chief concern amongst humanitarian organisations and leadership scholars. Several approaches to the development of operational humanitarian leaders have been presented as possible solutions such as establishing new financing mechanisms; improving technical abilities, academic knowledge, simulation training, conflict management skills; conflict prevention training; and enhancing the capacity for collaborative networks. Despite various efforts, it is reported that ineffective and incompetent leadership is still a major constraint on the success and effectiveness of operational humanitarian response in conflict-affected areas. This research effort attempted to contribute to improving operational humanitarian leadership by considering a “human or people-centred approach”. The primary objective was to identify the factors that influence the successful development of the spiritual intelligence (SQ) of humanitarian leaders working in conflict-affected areas. The primary objective was, therefore, to improve the abilities and skills of humanitarian leaders by validating and analysing factors that should contribute to the development of spiritually intelligent leaders and, subsequently, improve humanitarian leadership performance. There is growing consensus that values, ethical behaviour, self-awareness, motivation, compassion, humility, empathy, co-ordination and the empowerment of others have a significant impact on the effectiveness of operational humanitarian leadership which emphasises the need for human or people-centred approaches in developing humanitarian leaders. The striking similarities between abilities pertaining to effective, operational, humanitarian leadership and the capabilities of a spiritually intelligent individual suggested an opportunity to investigate the development of a spiritual intelligence model for humanitarian leaders. The frequency, duration and intensity of humanitarian crises between 2004 and 2016 further emphasised the urgent need for operational leaders to develop and apply abilities based on spiritual intelligence in the humanitarian sector. Some scholars argue that the development of spiritually intelligent leaders should play an instrumental role in successfully responding to global crises.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Els, Deon André
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Development leadership Conflict management , Peace-building Spiritual life
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15534 , vital:28267
- Description: The scale and cadence of crises that demand international humanitarian response are on the rise and pose increasingly hostile and complex challenges to operational humanitarian leaders. The international responses to humanitarian crises since 2011 recognised the need for successful humanitarian leadership development that emphasises the importance of ethical and effective leadership. The under-achievement of operational humanitarian leaders in conflict-affected areas has long been a chief concern amongst humanitarian organisations and leadership scholars. Several approaches to the development of operational humanitarian leaders have been presented as possible solutions such as establishing new financing mechanisms; improving technical abilities, academic knowledge, simulation training, conflict management skills; conflict prevention training; and enhancing the capacity for collaborative networks. Despite various efforts, it is reported that ineffective and incompetent leadership is still a major constraint on the success and effectiveness of operational humanitarian response in conflict-affected areas. This research effort attempted to contribute to improving operational humanitarian leadership by considering a “human or people-centred approach”. The primary objective was to identify the factors that influence the successful development of the spiritual intelligence (SQ) of humanitarian leaders working in conflict-affected areas. The primary objective was, therefore, to improve the abilities and skills of humanitarian leaders by validating and analysing factors that should contribute to the development of spiritually intelligent leaders and, subsequently, improve humanitarian leadership performance. There is growing consensus that values, ethical behaviour, self-awareness, motivation, compassion, humility, empathy, co-ordination and the empowerment of others have a significant impact on the effectiveness of operational humanitarian leadership which emphasises the need for human or people-centred approaches in developing humanitarian leaders. The striking similarities between abilities pertaining to effective, operational, humanitarian leadership and the capabilities of a spiritually intelligent individual suggested an opportunity to investigate the development of a spiritual intelligence model for humanitarian leaders. The frequency, duration and intensity of humanitarian crises between 2004 and 2016 further emphasised the urgent need for operational leaders to develop and apply abilities based on spiritual intelligence in the humanitarian sector. Some scholars argue that the development of spiritually intelligent leaders should play an instrumental role in successfully responding to global crises.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Conflict prevention, management and resolution in Africa: a case study of the conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan (2003 – 2013)
- Authors: Chukwunaru, Charles Obinna
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Conflict management -- Sudan -- Darfur -- 21st century Conflict management -- Africa -- Prevention , Africa -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14818 , vital:27876
- Description: Africa has witnessed some of the most horrific and devastating conflicts in the world in recent times. This study, concerned about the problem of these seemingly intractable or endemic violent conflicts ravaging the continent of Africa since decolonisation; resulting in poverty, hunger, diseases, massive killing, rape, permanent disability and underdevelopment, examined the issues relating to conflict prevention, management and resolution in Africa. In doing so, it used the conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan as a case study. It examined the role of international organisations, especially that which the African Union and the United Nations played in the prevention, management and resolution of the conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan, as well as the remote and immediate cause of the Darfur conflict and major parties to the Darfur conflict. Other issues examined by this study include the outcome of the United Nations Commission of Inquiry into the violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, including acts of genocide in Darfur; and the Sudanese government’s response. Moreover, it analysed the implication of the Darfur conflict in the problem of preventing, managing and resolving violent conflict in Africa while drawing some lessons for the African Union, as well as the government of Sudan. However, this research, which adopted the qualitative case study methodology in data collection, presentation and analysis, posits that the protracted violent conflict, which was triggered by some rebel leaders with doubtful motives in the Darfur region of Sudan, who capitalised on the age-long problem of underdevelopment in the Darfur region, as well as low intensity disputes among the tribes over ownership of land and water resources, was avoidable. It further asserts that the African Union lacked the capacity to engage in an effective peace support operation in Africa as witnessed in the failure of its mission in Darfur, which eventually got rescued by the United Nations through the UN-AU Hybrid Mission in Darfur (UNAMID). Further, this study has contributed in narrowing the existing gaps in academic literature on the aspect of conflict prevention management and resolution especially in Africa, even as it introduced the conspiracy theory in the understanding of the issues relating to the conflict in the Darfur region while recommending the immediate operationalisation of the African Union standby force to avert the reoccurrence of the Darfur conflict in Sudan and other parts of Africa, among other strategies aimed at enhancing the capacity and capability of the African Union to prevent, manage and resolve violent conflicts in Africa with or without the intervention of foreign powers. Moreover, this study recommends good governance that will promote political, social and economic justice as well as adherence to the rule of law; against all forms marginalisation, discrimination and other forms of structural violence in Africa. Essentially, this research has made an original contribution to the conflict studies literature with the formulation of the “Violent Intrastate Conflict Model” which explains the conflict dynamics and processes in most violent intrastate conflicts or civil war.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Chukwunaru, Charles Obinna
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Conflict management -- Sudan -- Darfur -- 21st century Conflict management -- Africa -- Prevention , Africa -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14818 , vital:27876
- Description: Africa has witnessed some of the most horrific and devastating conflicts in the world in recent times. This study, concerned about the problem of these seemingly intractable or endemic violent conflicts ravaging the continent of Africa since decolonisation; resulting in poverty, hunger, diseases, massive killing, rape, permanent disability and underdevelopment, examined the issues relating to conflict prevention, management and resolution in Africa. In doing so, it used the conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan as a case study. It examined the role of international organisations, especially that which the African Union and the United Nations played in the prevention, management and resolution of the conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan, as well as the remote and immediate cause of the Darfur conflict and major parties to the Darfur conflict. Other issues examined by this study include the outcome of the United Nations Commission of Inquiry into the violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, including acts of genocide in Darfur; and the Sudanese government’s response. Moreover, it analysed the implication of the Darfur conflict in the problem of preventing, managing and resolving violent conflict in Africa while drawing some lessons for the African Union, as well as the government of Sudan. However, this research, which adopted the qualitative case study methodology in data collection, presentation and analysis, posits that the protracted violent conflict, which was triggered by some rebel leaders with doubtful motives in the Darfur region of Sudan, who capitalised on the age-long problem of underdevelopment in the Darfur region, as well as low intensity disputes among the tribes over ownership of land and water resources, was avoidable. It further asserts that the African Union lacked the capacity to engage in an effective peace support operation in Africa as witnessed in the failure of its mission in Darfur, which eventually got rescued by the United Nations through the UN-AU Hybrid Mission in Darfur (UNAMID). Further, this study has contributed in narrowing the existing gaps in academic literature on the aspect of conflict prevention management and resolution especially in Africa, even as it introduced the conspiracy theory in the understanding of the issues relating to the conflict in the Darfur region while recommending the immediate operationalisation of the African Union standby force to avert the reoccurrence of the Darfur conflict in Sudan and other parts of Africa, among other strategies aimed at enhancing the capacity and capability of the African Union to prevent, manage and resolve violent conflicts in Africa with or without the intervention of foreign powers. Moreover, this study recommends good governance that will promote political, social and economic justice as well as adherence to the rule of law; against all forms marginalisation, discrimination and other forms of structural violence in Africa. Essentially, this research has made an original contribution to the conflict studies literature with the formulation of the “Violent Intrastate Conflict Model” which explains the conflict dynamics and processes in most violent intrastate conflicts or civil war.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Fans of film franchises - the online alien universe: a study of online participation as a catalyst for fan-created objects that expand the film universe
- Vermaak, Janelle Leigh, Moodley, Subeshini
- Authors: Vermaak, Janelle Leigh , Moodley, Subeshini
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Motion picture audiences Fans (Persons) Motion picture industry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13938 , vital:27359
- Description: This thesis will analyse the ways in which fan participation and creation in online communities extends the film world beyond the film object, and the extent to which fandom influences identity within the fan group. The study will seek to determine the ways in which fans become part of the franchise through online engagement, as well as the manner in which they appropriate the franchise identity through their creations. The central hypothesis of the study is that online participation and creation amplifies fan connection with the film franchise, and increases the sense of identification with the world and characters of the films. By being or becoming fans, and engaging with other fans in online and real spaces, they are joining a larger community of people who seem to have blurred the lines between fiction and reality by engaging in a fictional, virtual space as a source of real personal entertainment, based on an anchor media product. This appropriation is enabled through digital communities which expand and extend the reach of fan interaction and further develop the identity of the individual as ‘fan’. Thus, the study will reflect on the implications of fan engagement with the film franchise in the digital space.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Vermaak, Janelle Leigh , Moodley, Subeshini
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Motion picture audiences Fans (Persons) Motion picture industry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13938 , vital:27359
- Description: This thesis will analyse the ways in which fan participation and creation in online communities extends the film world beyond the film object, and the extent to which fandom influences identity within the fan group. The study will seek to determine the ways in which fans become part of the franchise through online engagement, as well as the manner in which they appropriate the franchise identity through their creations. The central hypothesis of the study is that online participation and creation amplifies fan connection with the film franchise, and increases the sense of identification with the world and characters of the films. By being or becoming fans, and engaging with other fans in online and real spaces, they are joining a larger community of people who seem to have blurred the lines between fiction and reality by engaging in a fictional, virtual space as a source of real personal entertainment, based on an anchor media product. This appropriation is enabled through digital communities which expand and extend the reach of fan interaction and further develop the identity of the individual as ‘fan’. Thus, the study will reflect on the implications of fan engagement with the film franchise in the digital space.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Legislative prescriptions affecting persons with disabilities: a comparison of selected commonwealth countries
- Authors: Pillay, Sareesha
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: People with disabilities People with disabilities -- Government policy , Commonwealth countries -- Government policy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14510 , vital:27670
- Description: Among the diverse citizenry that comprise Commonwealth countries are persons affected by disabilities and who remain vulnerable and under-represented. In light of the challenges of under-representation and the stigmatisation of persons with disabilities globally, the democratic principles of the Commonwealth of Nations have been placed under scrutiny. Thus the constitutionality and fairness of governmental policies and national legislation are criticised for their degree of reflection and representation of the social and political rights of persons with disabilities. This thesis will critically analyse the national legislative and policy frameworks affecting persons with disabilities in selected Commonwealth countries. Comparisons will be made between these selected countries, namely Canada, India, Kenya and South Africa. The Commonwealth and subscription to the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities will serve as a standardised platform for comparisons. Comparisons of the legislative prescriptions of the respective countries will be instrumental highlighting the challenges in the representation of the rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities globally and in improving and strengthening legislative prescription affecting persons with disabilities. The varying levels of development amongst countries and the lack of appropriate infrastructure continue to be detrimental to the effective representation of persons with disabilities and the ability of national governments to develop strong and effective legislative and policy frameworks remains compromised. It is thus essential that attention is directed to the challenges facing countries so that appropriate actions and remediation can improve the vulnerabilities linked to persons with disabilities. This study adopts a theoretical and case law approach. It firstly provides a conceptual framework for disability. The conceptual framework comprises the perspectives on disability that have justified the approaches to persons with disabilities. Theories and values and the international legal framework relevant to persons with disabilities will be provided. The theories and values provide a traditional framework and play an instrumental role in guiding actions toward the effective development of public policy and prescription of legislation. The selected countries will be analysed as separate cases. The countries will be analysed individually prior to the comparative component to acknowledge the strengths, weaknesses and challenges facing each country in relation to its own structure and level of development. The findings are based on themes which emerge from the analysis of the legislation and policies affecting persons with disabilities in the selected countries. The findings are presented in a comparative format owing to the comparative nature of the study. Recommendations that flow from the comparative analysis and findings are proposed in the final chapter. The adoption of the proposed recommendations can strengthen legislative prescriptions affecting persons with disabilities both nationally and internationally and improve the representation of the rights and freedom of persons with disabilities in the global context.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Pillay, Sareesha
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: People with disabilities People with disabilities -- Government policy , Commonwealth countries -- Government policy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14510 , vital:27670
- Description: Among the diverse citizenry that comprise Commonwealth countries are persons affected by disabilities and who remain vulnerable and under-represented. In light of the challenges of under-representation and the stigmatisation of persons with disabilities globally, the democratic principles of the Commonwealth of Nations have been placed under scrutiny. Thus the constitutionality and fairness of governmental policies and national legislation are criticised for their degree of reflection and representation of the social and political rights of persons with disabilities. This thesis will critically analyse the national legislative and policy frameworks affecting persons with disabilities in selected Commonwealth countries. Comparisons will be made between these selected countries, namely Canada, India, Kenya and South Africa. The Commonwealth and subscription to the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities will serve as a standardised platform for comparisons. Comparisons of the legislative prescriptions of the respective countries will be instrumental highlighting the challenges in the representation of the rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities globally and in improving and strengthening legislative prescription affecting persons with disabilities. The varying levels of development amongst countries and the lack of appropriate infrastructure continue to be detrimental to the effective representation of persons with disabilities and the ability of national governments to develop strong and effective legislative and policy frameworks remains compromised. It is thus essential that attention is directed to the challenges facing countries so that appropriate actions and remediation can improve the vulnerabilities linked to persons with disabilities. This study adopts a theoretical and case law approach. It firstly provides a conceptual framework for disability. The conceptual framework comprises the perspectives on disability that have justified the approaches to persons with disabilities. Theories and values and the international legal framework relevant to persons with disabilities will be provided. The theories and values provide a traditional framework and play an instrumental role in guiding actions toward the effective development of public policy and prescription of legislation. The selected countries will be analysed as separate cases. The countries will be analysed individually prior to the comparative component to acknowledge the strengths, weaknesses and challenges facing each country in relation to its own structure and level of development. The findings are based on themes which emerge from the analysis of the legislation and policies affecting persons with disabilities in the selected countries. The findings are presented in a comparative format owing to the comparative nature of the study. Recommendations that flow from the comparative analysis and findings are proposed in the final chapter. The adoption of the proposed recommendations can strengthen legislative prescriptions affecting persons with disabilities both nationally and internationally and improve the representation of the rights and freedom of persons with disabilities in the global context.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Local government budgetary reforms reconsidered: the case of Amatole District Municipality, province of the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Hanabe, Lulamile Donacious
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Municipal budgets -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Municipal finance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local budgets -- Political aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Public administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15093 , vital:28122
- Description: This research critically analysed the role, if any, that is played by the budgetary reforms in enhancing basic service delivery, with specific reference to the case of Amathole District Municipality. The main objectives of this study were to investigate and evaluate the causes of possible challenges encountered by the ADM in the implementation of local government budgetary reforms; to assess and determine the role played by budgetary reforms in promoting basic service delivery by the Amathole District Municipality; to analyse the extent to which budgetary reforms are used in the preparation of the municipal budget and the IDP; and to evaluate the level of ADM institutional capacity in delivering basic services to communities in terms of the municipality’s capital budget and financial plan. The study is premised on the fact that there is no guaranteed service delivery without a sound financial management and planning. In this study, it is acknowledged that municipalities in South Africa are struggling to implement the local government budgetary reforms; and as such, South African municipalities could succeed in rendering effective and efficient public services, provided the matters of governance are adhered to, as well as financial governance in particular. This research is solely based on the assumption that the Amathole District Municipality’s budgets and budget process, like other municipalities in South Africa, are done for the sake of compliance with the requirements of National Treasury and the MFMA – with less emphasis being placed on enhanced basic service delivery to communities. The study proposed to provide a brief literature review on the basic service delivery, with reference to the South African context, as well as a theoretical overview on the evolution of developmental local government budgetary reforms. The empirical survey and research methodology employed in the study are described, followed by the operationalization of the survey questionnaire used for gathering the field data. The research findings of the empirical survey are then statistically analysed, using statistical procedures. The qualitative data analysis involved thematic content analysis, being interpreted and reported on. The triangulation-research methodology was employed with the emphasis being on the quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The sample comprised councillors, officials and ward committee members. Questionnaires, with open and closed-ended questions, were employed for the councillors and the officials. Focus-group interviews were conducted with the ward committee members from the respective local municipalities.The findings strongly suggest that, the introduction of the budgetary reforms indeed resulted in a shift by municipalities from their core mandate – that is service delivery – to a more legislative-compliant mode of practice. Recommendations flowing from, inter alia, the results of the empirical study, are presented to improve financial governance and service delivery in the Amathole District Municipality, as well as in other municipalities in South Africa. If adopted, these recommendations should enable the Amathole District Municipality, as a development agent, to fulfil its developmental mandate, thereby addressing the matters of financial governance and service delivery.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Hanabe, Lulamile Donacious
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Municipal budgets -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Municipal finance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local budgets -- Political aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Public administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15093 , vital:28122
- Description: This research critically analysed the role, if any, that is played by the budgetary reforms in enhancing basic service delivery, with specific reference to the case of Amathole District Municipality. The main objectives of this study were to investigate and evaluate the causes of possible challenges encountered by the ADM in the implementation of local government budgetary reforms; to assess and determine the role played by budgetary reforms in promoting basic service delivery by the Amathole District Municipality; to analyse the extent to which budgetary reforms are used in the preparation of the municipal budget and the IDP; and to evaluate the level of ADM institutional capacity in delivering basic services to communities in terms of the municipality’s capital budget and financial plan. The study is premised on the fact that there is no guaranteed service delivery without a sound financial management and planning. In this study, it is acknowledged that municipalities in South Africa are struggling to implement the local government budgetary reforms; and as such, South African municipalities could succeed in rendering effective and efficient public services, provided the matters of governance are adhered to, as well as financial governance in particular. This research is solely based on the assumption that the Amathole District Municipality’s budgets and budget process, like other municipalities in South Africa, are done for the sake of compliance with the requirements of National Treasury and the MFMA – with less emphasis being placed on enhanced basic service delivery to communities. The study proposed to provide a brief literature review on the basic service delivery, with reference to the South African context, as well as a theoretical overview on the evolution of developmental local government budgetary reforms. The empirical survey and research methodology employed in the study are described, followed by the operationalization of the survey questionnaire used for gathering the field data. The research findings of the empirical survey are then statistically analysed, using statistical procedures. The qualitative data analysis involved thematic content analysis, being interpreted and reported on. The triangulation-research methodology was employed with the emphasis being on the quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The sample comprised councillors, officials and ward committee members. Questionnaires, with open and closed-ended questions, were employed for the councillors and the officials. Focus-group interviews were conducted with the ward committee members from the respective local municipalities.The findings strongly suggest that, the introduction of the budgetary reforms indeed resulted in a shift by municipalities from their core mandate – that is service delivery – to a more legislative-compliant mode of practice. Recommendations flowing from, inter alia, the results of the empirical study, are presented to improve financial governance and service delivery in the Amathole District Municipality, as well as in other municipalities in South Africa. If adopted, these recommendations should enable the Amathole District Municipality, as a development agent, to fulfil its developmental mandate, thereby addressing the matters of financial governance and service delivery.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The role of security sector reform in post-conflict recovery: the case of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Authors: Nibishaka, Emmanuel
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Security sector -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Postwar reconstruction -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Peace-building -- Congo (Democratic Republic)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7753 , vital:23824
- Description: From 1990s, Security Sector Reform (SSR) has become a key component in international interventions in many countries in the aftermath of conflict. Currently, 17 UN peacekeeping missions are deployed with an SSR mandate, making SSR, an integral part of peacekeeping. Additionally, the growing consensus amongst donors and the United Nations regarding the necessity of implementing SSR for effective stabilisation and reconstruction in the aftermath of conflict made it evident that SSR has gained traction in peacebuilding and post-conflict activities as a major transformative measure needed in post-conflict recovery to achieve more sustainable, peaceful relationships and structures of governance in order to avoid a relapse into conflict. However, despite that recognition, deeper understanding of its actual implementation and empirical results of the existing programmes have yet to be fully documented. Many SSR implementation experiences in various post-conflict states have been mainly disappointing and yet there are not enough studies identifying structural and operational challenges faced by SSR actors (both local and external). Using the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where several SSR donor supported initiatives have been ongoing since 2003, this study investigated the effectiveness and sustainability of Security Sector Reform (SSR) in post-conflict recovery processes, as one of the key mechanisms to avoid relapse into conflict. In this study, diverse arguments and actual implementation practices of SSR interventions in the DRC were assessed against guidelines and principles in existing policy documents, and opinions in secondary sources. It emerged that the SSR processes in DRC had registered little success and faced systemic deficiencies needing remediation to truly contribute to DRC’s post-conflict recovery. Such deficiencies include: SSR programmes being implemented in an environment of chronic instability; incoherence and inconsistencies in external actors’ policies and practices; lack of political will both by the GoRDC and external actors; competition and rivalry amongst donors and external actors; and selectivity and lack of a holistic approach to peacebuilding. These shortfalls undermined efforts in building local ownership; and jeopardises the entire SSR process by negatively influencing prioritisation, accountability, and proper follow-up to ensure that the agreed plans and programmes have been implemented. The study concludes that current SSR programmes in the DRC are ill-suited and ill-designed to create a truly effective, accountable and sustainable security sector in as much as actors (both local and external) have mostly disregarded basic SSR underpinning principles that would have ensured the success of their programmes. They also paid little attention to other aspects of post-conflict peacebuilding such as broader governance reform, institutional and capacity building, impact of mineral resources, poverty reduction and the proliferation of armed groups when articulating SSR policies all of which could have laid the foundations for SSR to properly launch. The study recommends that current SSR donor practices are revisited to formulate an acceptable and achievable SSR strategy consistent with the reality on the ground. In this regard, the study argues that SSR should be viewed as an essential, but currently, insufficient condition to achieve lasting peace and security. It needs to be part of a broader democratisation and reform process in any post-conflict setting. Specifically, in DRC, the study recommends that in the absence of political will, international partners should leverage their direct financial contributions to persuade or even pressurise the Government into initiating structural reforms in all sectors that would ensure sustainable entry points for SSR. The study strongly recommends an overhaul of all DRC governance institutions to broadly align with post-conflict reforms, as no institutional foundations currently exist. The study also noted a lack of proper staffing within the UN SSR system and recommends the best way to respond to this particular challenge, including the appreciation and recruitment of experts from the Global South who are familiar with the realities on the ground.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Nibishaka, Emmanuel
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Security sector -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Postwar reconstruction -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Peace-building -- Congo (Democratic Republic)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7753 , vital:23824
- Description: From 1990s, Security Sector Reform (SSR) has become a key component in international interventions in many countries in the aftermath of conflict. Currently, 17 UN peacekeeping missions are deployed with an SSR mandate, making SSR, an integral part of peacekeeping. Additionally, the growing consensus amongst donors and the United Nations regarding the necessity of implementing SSR for effective stabilisation and reconstruction in the aftermath of conflict made it evident that SSR has gained traction in peacebuilding and post-conflict activities as a major transformative measure needed in post-conflict recovery to achieve more sustainable, peaceful relationships and structures of governance in order to avoid a relapse into conflict. However, despite that recognition, deeper understanding of its actual implementation and empirical results of the existing programmes have yet to be fully documented. Many SSR implementation experiences in various post-conflict states have been mainly disappointing and yet there are not enough studies identifying structural and operational challenges faced by SSR actors (both local and external). Using the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where several SSR donor supported initiatives have been ongoing since 2003, this study investigated the effectiveness and sustainability of Security Sector Reform (SSR) in post-conflict recovery processes, as one of the key mechanisms to avoid relapse into conflict. In this study, diverse arguments and actual implementation practices of SSR interventions in the DRC were assessed against guidelines and principles in existing policy documents, and opinions in secondary sources. It emerged that the SSR processes in DRC had registered little success and faced systemic deficiencies needing remediation to truly contribute to DRC’s post-conflict recovery. Such deficiencies include: SSR programmes being implemented in an environment of chronic instability; incoherence and inconsistencies in external actors’ policies and practices; lack of political will both by the GoRDC and external actors; competition and rivalry amongst donors and external actors; and selectivity and lack of a holistic approach to peacebuilding. These shortfalls undermined efforts in building local ownership; and jeopardises the entire SSR process by negatively influencing prioritisation, accountability, and proper follow-up to ensure that the agreed plans and programmes have been implemented. The study concludes that current SSR programmes in the DRC are ill-suited and ill-designed to create a truly effective, accountable and sustainable security sector in as much as actors (both local and external) have mostly disregarded basic SSR underpinning principles that would have ensured the success of their programmes. They also paid little attention to other aspects of post-conflict peacebuilding such as broader governance reform, institutional and capacity building, impact of mineral resources, poverty reduction and the proliferation of armed groups when articulating SSR policies all of which could have laid the foundations for SSR to properly launch. The study recommends that current SSR donor practices are revisited to formulate an acceptable and achievable SSR strategy consistent with the reality on the ground. In this regard, the study argues that SSR should be viewed as an essential, but currently, insufficient condition to achieve lasting peace and security. It needs to be part of a broader democratisation and reform process in any post-conflict setting. Specifically, in DRC, the study recommends that in the absence of political will, international partners should leverage their direct financial contributions to persuade or even pressurise the Government into initiating structural reforms in all sectors that would ensure sustainable entry points for SSR. The study strongly recommends an overhaul of all DRC governance institutions to broadly align with post-conflict reforms, as no institutional foundations currently exist. The study also noted a lack of proper staffing within the UN SSR system and recommends the best way to respond to this particular challenge, including the appreciation and recruitment of experts from the Global South who are familiar with the realities on the ground.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Uphononongo nzulu lokusetyenziswa kweenkumbulo nokulibala ngabalinganiswa kwiincwadi ezikhethiweyo zesiXhosa
- Authors: Notshe, Lwandlekazi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Xhosa literature Xhosa drama -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20087 , vital:29105
- Description: Olu phando luza kuphendla ukusetyenziswa kweenkumbulo nokulibala ngabalinganiswa kwiincwadi ezichongiweyo zesiXhosa. Apha kuvezwa ukuba iinkumbulo zinika umkhombandlela womakwenziwe. Kuza kugocwagocwa ezi ncwadi zilandelayo: Ingalo ngokubhalwe ngu-K.S. Bongela Elundini loThukela ngokubhalwe ngu-J.J.R. Jolobe Ukuqhawuka kwembeleko ngokubhalwe ngu-D.M. Jongilanga Ingqumbo yeminyanya ngokubhalwe ngu-A.C. Jordan Bhota Nonceba ibhalwe ngu-B.B. Mafuya UMakhwekhwetha ngokubhalwe ngu-R.F. Mcimeli Umqol’ uphandle ngokubhalwe ngu-M.A.P. Ngani Umkhonto kaTshiwo ngokubhalwe ngu-M.A.P. Ngani Unyana womntu ngokubhalwe ngu- N.Saule Vuleka mhlaba ngokubhalwe nguN. Saule Imijelo yegazi ngokubhalwe ngu-Z.S. Zotwana Apha kwezi ncwadi kuza kuhlutywa ukuba ukukhumbula nokulibala luyasetyenziswa ngabantu abantetho isisiXhosa nokuba wonke umntu unazo iinkumbulo, ingaba ziinkumbulo ezimnandi okanye ezinxunguphalisayo. Isahluko sokuqala salo msebenzi siza kunika amagqabantshintshi ngolu phando. Esi sahluko siqulathe: - Ingabula-zigcawu - Iinjongo zophando - Imibuzo ekhokelele ekwenziweni kolu phando - Indlela yokwenza olu phando - Ukubaluleka kolu phando - Okuthethwa zezinye iingcali ngeenkumbulo nokulibala - Ingcaciso magama Isahluko sesibini siqulathe iingcingane yeenkumbulo, ingcingane yobume bengqondo kwakunye nengcingane yokuqonda. Kukwajongwe abasunguli bezi ngcingane nemisebenzi yabo. Isahluko sesithathu siqwalasele iinkumbulo nempembelelo yazo kwinkcubeko nasentlalweni kwiincwadi ezichongiweyo. Isahluko sesine sijonge iinkumbulo zembali yepolitiki eMzantsi Afrika. Isahluko sesihlanu sicubungula iinkumbulo nokulibala kwezomthetho. Isahluko sesithandathu nesisesokugqibela - sishwankathela iziphumo zophando kukwanikwa nezindululo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Notshe, Lwandlekazi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Xhosa literature Xhosa drama -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20087 , vital:29105
- Description: Olu phando luza kuphendla ukusetyenziswa kweenkumbulo nokulibala ngabalinganiswa kwiincwadi ezichongiweyo zesiXhosa. Apha kuvezwa ukuba iinkumbulo zinika umkhombandlela womakwenziwe. Kuza kugocwagocwa ezi ncwadi zilandelayo: Ingalo ngokubhalwe ngu-K.S. Bongela Elundini loThukela ngokubhalwe ngu-J.J.R. Jolobe Ukuqhawuka kwembeleko ngokubhalwe ngu-D.M. Jongilanga Ingqumbo yeminyanya ngokubhalwe ngu-A.C. Jordan Bhota Nonceba ibhalwe ngu-B.B. Mafuya UMakhwekhwetha ngokubhalwe ngu-R.F. Mcimeli Umqol’ uphandle ngokubhalwe ngu-M.A.P. Ngani Umkhonto kaTshiwo ngokubhalwe ngu-M.A.P. Ngani Unyana womntu ngokubhalwe ngu- N.Saule Vuleka mhlaba ngokubhalwe nguN. Saule Imijelo yegazi ngokubhalwe ngu-Z.S. Zotwana Apha kwezi ncwadi kuza kuhlutywa ukuba ukukhumbula nokulibala luyasetyenziswa ngabantu abantetho isisiXhosa nokuba wonke umntu unazo iinkumbulo, ingaba ziinkumbulo ezimnandi okanye ezinxunguphalisayo. Isahluko sokuqala salo msebenzi siza kunika amagqabantshintshi ngolu phando. Esi sahluko siqulathe: - Ingabula-zigcawu - Iinjongo zophando - Imibuzo ekhokelele ekwenziweni kolu phando - Indlela yokwenza olu phando - Ukubaluleka kolu phando - Okuthethwa zezinye iingcali ngeenkumbulo nokulibala - Ingcaciso magama Isahluko sesibini siqulathe iingcingane yeenkumbulo, ingcingane yobume bengqondo kwakunye nengcingane yokuqonda. Kukwajongwe abasunguli bezi ngcingane nemisebenzi yabo. Isahluko sesithathu siqwalasele iinkumbulo nempembelelo yazo kwinkcubeko nasentlalweni kwiincwadi ezichongiweyo. Isahluko sesine sijonge iinkumbulo zembali yepolitiki eMzantsi Afrika. Isahluko sesihlanu sicubungula iinkumbulo nokulibala kwezomthetho. Isahluko sesithandathu nesisesokugqibela - sishwankathela iziphumo zophando kukwanikwa nezindululo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Video games as “play assemblages”: applying philosophical concepts from deleuze and guattari to create a novel approach to video games
- Authors: Du Plessis, Corné
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Video games Video games -- Research , Video games -- History and criticism Video games -- Analysis, appreciation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/16119 , vital:28322
- Description: The phenomena that we collectively refer to as “play” form a significant part of life at numerous levels. According to the play scholar, Johan Huizinga, play has not only been part of all human societies, it is also at the root of the development of numerous cultural activities, including structured games and sports, certain judicial and legal activities, war, and numerous forms of art. Despite its importance, play, with its various manifestations, is often relegated to being a children’s activity or an occasion of pure waste, and is a surprisingly marginalized topic in academic scholarship. In part to remedy this deficit, my aim in this thesis is to explore the comparatively new phenomenon of video games as a particular form of play. While there are undoubtedly many philosophical approaches that can respond to different aspects of the “problem” of video games, I propose that Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s philosophy of “difference” and “becoming” is particularly useful. On the one hand, Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophy provides a viable framework through which to determine the limitations of the current prominent theories in the field of video game studies, which include “narratology”, “ludology”, and the more recent “hybrid approach”. On the other hand, their philosophy enables one to extend the creative and transformative potential that is inherent to a philosophical “problem”, in this case the “problem” of video games. By adapting selected Deleuzian and Deleuzoguattarian philosophical concepts, including “assemblage”, “percept”, “affect”, “transversal becoming”, and “becoming-imperceptible”, I aim to establish a philosophical framework through which different forms of play, and different video games, can be analyzed in terms of their capacity to generate “difference” and “becoming”. More specifically, I argue that video games can be understood as particular kinds of “play assemblages” that can potentially open the player to “transversal becomings”. The video games that I analyze as play assemblages that can generate “transversal becomings” are Thatgamecompany’s Flower (2009) and Journey (2012). Importantly, “transversal becomings”, understood in this instance as the “becoming-other” of human individuals, have the potential to contribute to the individual’s capacity for creative thought and action. Therefore, I argue that video games, far from being activities of pure waste, can potentially open the player to various forms of “becoming-other”, which can, in turn, increase the player’s capacity to think differently, to become different and to create differences. Ultimately, I aim to promote the value of play and video games on the one hand, and the value of Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophy on the other hand, for the aim of extending the questioning power of life, and increasing our capacity to effectively respond to a continuously changing world of problems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Du Plessis, Corné
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Video games Video games -- Research , Video games -- History and criticism Video games -- Analysis, appreciation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/16119 , vital:28322
- Description: The phenomena that we collectively refer to as “play” form a significant part of life at numerous levels. According to the play scholar, Johan Huizinga, play has not only been part of all human societies, it is also at the root of the development of numerous cultural activities, including structured games and sports, certain judicial and legal activities, war, and numerous forms of art. Despite its importance, play, with its various manifestations, is often relegated to being a children’s activity or an occasion of pure waste, and is a surprisingly marginalized topic in academic scholarship. In part to remedy this deficit, my aim in this thesis is to explore the comparatively new phenomenon of video games as a particular form of play. While there are undoubtedly many philosophical approaches that can respond to different aspects of the “problem” of video games, I propose that Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s philosophy of “difference” and “becoming” is particularly useful. On the one hand, Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophy provides a viable framework through which to determine the limitations of the current prominent theories in the field of video game studies, which include “narratology”, “ludology”, and the more recent “hybrid approach”. On the other hand, their philosophy enables one to extend the creative and transformative potential that is inherent to a philosophical “problem”, in this case the “problem” of video games. By adapting selected Deleuzian and Deleuzoguattarian philosophical concepts, including “assemblage”, “percept”, “affect”, “transversal becoming”, and “becoming-imperceptible”, I aim to establish a philosophical framework through which different forms of play, and different video games, can be analyzed in terms of their capacity to generate “difference” and “becoming”. More specifically, I argue that video games can be understood as particular kinds of “play assemblages” that can potentially open the player to “transversal becomings”. The video games that I analyze as play assemblages that can generate “transversal becomings” are Thatgamecompany’s Flower (2009) and Journey (2012). Importantly, “transversal becomings”, understood in this instance as the “becoming-other” of human individuals, have the potential to contribute to the individual’s capacity for creative thought and action. Therefore, I argue that video games, far from being activities of pure waste, can potentially open the player to various forms of “becoming-other”, which can, in turn, increase the player’s capacity to think differently, to become different and to create differences. Ultimately, I aim to promote the value of play and video games on the one hand, and the value of Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophy on the other hand, for the aim of extending the questioning power of life, and increasing our capacity to effectively respond to a continuously changing world of problems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
A critical analysis of selected literary techniques in P.T. Mtuze’s prose narratives
- Authors: Kondowe, Zandile Ziyanda
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Xhosa literature -- History and criticism Literary style
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33217 , vital:32570
- Description: The main purpose of this study is to provide a critical analysis of selected literary techniques in P.T. Mtuze’s prose narratives. This study seeks to analyse his style of writing in all his texts. The aspects of his style under stylistic techniques and criticism will serve as a foundation theory that will link the study to the analysis of definitions and referencing under imagery and its aspects; including humour, satire, idioms, proverbs, literary techniques, and figures of speech. Mtuze is noted as one of the most prolific writers due to his ingenuity in language skills, especially in isiXhosa. Mtuze is one of the best humoristic writers; hence he is popular due to applying humour in the prose works he wrote. This study is divided into seven chapters, and the theory which is used for this study is also scrutinised in order to get a sense of what the author intended to deliver through his texts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Kondowe, Zandile Ziyanda
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Xhosa literature -- History and criticism Literary style
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33217 , vital:32570
- Description: The main purpose of this study is to provide a critical analysis of selected literary techniques in P.T. Mtuze’s prose narratives. This study seeks to analyse his style of writing in all his texts. The aspects of his style under stylistic techniques and criticism will serve as a foundation theory that will link the study to the analysis of definitions and referencing under imagery and its aspects; including humour, satire, idioms, proverbs, literary techniques, and figures of speech. Mtuze is noted as one of the most prolific writers due to his ingenuity in language skills, especially in isiXhosa. Mtuze is one of the best humoristic writers; hence he is popular due to applying humour in the prose works he wrote. This study is divided into seven chapters, and the theory which is used for this study is also scrutinised in order to get a sense of what the author intended to deliver through his texts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Against all odds: the effect of electoral violence on the political participation of citizens: a case study of voters in Nairobi
- Authors: Plata, Stephanie
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Elections -- Kenya -- Nairobi , Political participation -- Kenya -- Nairobi , Political violence -- Kenya -- Nairobi
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5589 , vital:20913
- Description: Competitive national elections can play a significant role in the consolidation process of developing and established democracies alike. Nevertheless, if not handled adequately, they have the potential to bring long-existing, existential conflict lines to the surface. This electoral conflict, becoming manifest in election violence, has the potential to shy people off from voting and negatively affect their attitude towards elections and democracy in general. The present study examined the ways in which violent electoral conflict affected the political participation and the personal attitudes towards democracy of ordinary Kenyan citizens. Kenya has experienced violent electoral conflict repeatedly since the re-introduction of competitive elections in 1992 and became one of its prime examples due to the devastating 2008 post-election clashes. In order to answer the research questions, 32 semi-structured interviews with 34 victims of electoral violence coming from four main ‘hotspot areas’ of the 2008 post-election violence as well as four expert interviews were conducted. The study finds that the experience of violent electoral conflict led to diametrically opposed reactions in the behaviour of political participation among respondents. About two-thirds of them indicated a change in their behaviour of political participation. With 33% of the respondents found to be “participating more”, this group even outnumbers its “participating less” counterpart (30%). This finding is rather surprising as the experience of electoral violence is usually associated with the tendency to shy off from political participation, not only in Kenya. Based on their attitudinal dispositions towards democracy in general and towards democracy in Kenya more specifically, as well as towards Kenyan elections, politics and politicians, a fourfold typology of Kenyan citizens was developed from the sample. It includes: the voting citizen, the resigned citizen, the passive citizen, and the active citizen. The voting citizen with no further interest in politics or political participation was found to be the most prevalent type of citizen in the sample. Attention needs to be taken towards the resigned citizen, which could, in case of further violent electoral conflict and the continuing marginalization of specific ethnic groups, cause a threat to the stabilization process of Kenya’s democracy. Contributions of this study were in designing a destination identity framework as well as in discovering the identity of the city of Nelson Mandela Bay. Directions for future studies include the possibility to conduct a qualitative study on place identity so as to obtain a more nuanced understanding of sub-identities in the city.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Plata, Stephanie
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Elections -- Kenya -- Nairobi , Political participation -- Kenya -- Nairobi , Political violence -- Kenya -- Nairobi
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5589 , vital:20913
- Description: Competitive national elections can play a significant role in the consolidation process of developing and established democracies alike. Nevertheless, if not handled adequately, they have the potential to bring long-existing, existential conflict lines to the surface. This electoral conflict, becoming manifest in election violence, has the potential to shy people off from voting and negatively affect their attitude towards elections and democracy in general. The present study examined the ways in which violent electoral conflict affected the political participation and the personal attitudes towards democracy of ordinary Kenyan citizens. Kenya has experienced violent electoral conflict repeatedly since the re-introduction of competitive elections in 1992 and became one of its prime examples due to the devastating 2008 post-election clashes. In order to answer the research questions, 32 semi-structured interviews with 34 victims of electoral violence coming from four main ‘hotspot areas’ of the 2008 post-election violence as well as four expert interviews were conducted. The study finds that the experience of violent electoral conflict led to diametrically opposed reactions in the behaviour of political participation among respondents. About two-thirds of them indicated a change in their behaviour of political participation. With 33% of the respondents found to be “participating more”, this group even outnumbers its “participating less” counterpart (30%). This finding is rather surprising as the experience of electoral violence is usually associated with the tendency to shy off from political participation, not only in Kenya. Based on their attitudinal dispositions towards democracy in general and towards democracy in Kenya more specifically, as well as towards Kenyan elections, politics and politicians, a fourfold typology of Kenyan citizens was developed from the sample. It includes: the voting citizen, the resigned citizen, the passive citizen, and the active citizen. The voting citizen with no further interest in politics or political participation was found to be the most prevalent type of citizen in the sample. Attention needs to be taken towards the resigned citizen, which could, in case of further violent electoral conflict and the continuing marginalization of specific ethnic groups, cause a threat to the stabilization process of Kenya’s democracy. Contributions of this study were in designing a destination identity framework as well as in discovering the identity of the city of Nelson Mandela Bay. Directions for future studies include the possibility to conduct a qualitative study on place identity so as to obtain a more nuanced understanding of sub-identities in the city.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Conflict management in Kenyan electoral conflict: 2002-2012
- Muhindi, Solomon Peter Kavai
- Authors: Muhindi, Solomon Peter Kavai
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Conflict management -- Africa Elections -- Kenya Kenya -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12286 , vital:27051
- Description: In the recent years, majority of African countries have been faced by conflicts during election periods. Some of the electoral related conflicts escalated into violence, and they have been transformed or managed. While other electoral related conflicts have just been prevented during the election periods but remain latent conflicts that would escalate triggered by future elections. This study focuses specifically on electoral conflicts in Kenya and its conflict management perspective from 2002-2013. To transform and manage the conflict, peacebuilding initiatives have been integrated in the study. The prime actors in Kenya electoral conflict includes the; the ruling party coalition, the leading opposition coalition and ethnic groupings affiliated to the ruling party and opposition. Other peripheral actors include: the Independent, Electoral and Boundary Commission (IEBC), the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the judiciary. Triangulation (the combination of two or more methods of collecting and analysing data) has been adopted both in data collection and analysis. Focus group interviews, selected individual interviews, and literature reviews were used to collect data, while research findings were analysed systematically using the constructivist grounded theory. Moreover, the liberal peace theory, Institutionalisation before Liberalisation (IBL) and findings from other researchers like (Elder, Stigant and Claes 2014:1-20), and the Afrobarometer research findings (Kivuva 2015) have been used to authenticate the research findings. Research findings indicates that claims of election rigging, numerous institutional failures, negative ethnicity and economic disparity, among other factors heighten the fear and anxiety that escalates during elections. Towards achieving peacebuilding and sustainable peace, the following reforms were undertaken: constitutional changes and reviews, electoral body reform, judicial reform, pursuit of transitional justice, extensive range of local initiatives reforms and police reforms. However, findings in the study also reveal that despite the latter reforms, peacebuilding measures have been short-term, temporal, and not fully successful, leaving behind a latent conflict that could be triggered again with future electoral conflicts. Besides that, negotiation, dialogue and mediation played a role in restoring trust and confidence in the democratic structures after escalated elections. We also recommend that multi-ethnic composition for electoral coalitions should also be adopted as a means to mitigate ethnic triggered conflicts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Muhindi, Solomon Peter Kavai
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Conflict management -- Africa Elections -- Kenya Kenya -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12286 , vital:27051
- Description: In the recent years, majority of African countries have been faced by conflicts during election periods. Some of the electoral related conflicts escalated into violence, and they have been transformed or managed. While other electoral related conflicts have just been prevented during the election periods but remain latent conflicts that would escalate triggered by future elections. This study focuses specifically on electoral conflicts in Kenya and its conflict management perspective from 2002-2013. To transform and manage the conflict, peacebuilding initiatives have been integrated in the study. The prime actors in Kenya electoral conflict includes the; the ruling party coalition, the leading opposition coalition and ethnic groupings affiliated to the ruling party and opposition. Other peripheral actors include: the Independent, Electoral and Boundary Commission (IEBC), the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the judiciary. Triangulation (the combination of two or more methods of collecting and analysing data) has been adopted both in data collection and analysis. Focus group interviews, selected individual interviews, and literature reviews were used to collect data, while research findings were analysed systematically using the constructivist grounded theory. Moreover, the liberal peace theory, Institutionalisation before Liberalisation (IBL) and findings from other researchers like (Elder, Stigant and Claes 2014:1-20), and the Afrobarometer research findings (Kivuva 2015) have been used to authenticate the research findings. Research findings indicates that claims of election rigging, numerous institutional failures, negative ethnicity and economic disparity, among other factors heighten the fear and anxiety that escalates during elections. Towards achieving peacebuilding and sustainable peace, the following reforms were undertaken: constitutional changes and reviews, electoral body reform, judicial reform, pursuit of transitional justice, extensive range of local initiatives reforms and police reforms. However, findings in the study also reveal that despite the latter reforms, peacebuilding measures have been short-term, temporal, and not fully successful, leaving behind a latent conflict that could be triggered again with future electoral conflicts. Besides that, negotiation, dialogue and mediation played a role in restoring trust and confidence in the democratic structures after escalated elections. We also recommend that multi-ethnic composition for electoral coalitions should also be adopted as a means to mitigate ethnic triggered conflicts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Investigating emerging deleuzoguattarian connections to the environment via information technology
- Authors: Siwak, Jakub
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Mass media and the environment , Neoliberalism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8329 , vital:26343
- Description: This thesis explores whether or not it is possible to positively inflect – via digital means – people’s orientations toward nature through connecting their duration to the time of animals. The thesis opens with an overview of the contemporary environmental crisis, mapping related significant discourses, events and responses from the early 1960s onward. In this regard, after thematizing the relatively ineffective global institutional response to the environmental crisis to date – in spite of both consistent criticisms proffered by a range of stakeholders and widely available information on the scope of current environmental degradation – the lack of any concerted effort to deal with this issue is accounted for in terms of the dimensions of what Kilbourne, Beckmann and Thelen refer to as the ‘Dominant Social Paradigm’ (DSP). However, it is argued that of these dimensions, the technological dimension is most amenable to pro-environmental inflection, particularly through recent developments within information technology. That is, despite the latter being the privileged technology of neoliberalism, and despite the environmental cost of its current material infrastructure, it is also highly unlikely that societies will abandon their dependence on information technology in the near future. Given this, the importance of considering how such technology can be harnessed to positively re-orientate users’ perceptions of the natural world, in a way that also avoids the pitfall of technophilia, is advanced. In terms of this, both positive and negative appraisals of information technology by prominent new media theorists are discussed, and information technology is put forward as a tool that remains indeterminate in terms of its use. After this, and with a view to exploring how the technological dimension of the DSP might possibly be inflected in a pro-environmental manner, the thesis draws on the works of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari who promote desire and difference outside the ambit of capitalism, particularly through desubjectivation in relation to their concept of ‘becoming-animal.’ Finally, after dealing in addition with some potential theoretical challenges to the application of Deleuze’s ideas within the digital realm, focus shifts to three contemporary digital artefacts which have the capacity, albeit to varying degrees, to facilitate a becoming-animal. In this regard, a distinction is made between those artefacts that precipitate first-, second- and third-order hybrid durationality, and it is argued that the latter category presents the greatest promise of interfacing the time of humans with the time of animals.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Siwak, Jakub
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Mass media and the environment , Neoliberalism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8329 , vital:26343
- Description: This thesis explores whether or not it is possible to positively inflect – via digital means – people’s orientations toward nature through connecting their duration to the time of animals. The thesis opens with an overview of the contemporary environmental crisis, mapping related significant discourses, events and responses from the early 1960s onward. In this regard, after thematizing the relatively ineffective global institutional response to the environmental crisis to date – in spite of both consistent criticisms proffered by a range of stakeholders and widely available information on the scope of current environmental degradation – the lack of any concerted effort to deal with this issue is accounted for in terms of the dimensions of what Kilbourne, Beckmann and Thelen refer to as the ‘Dominant Social Paradigm’ (DSP). However, it is argued that of these dimensions, the technological dimension is most amenable to pro-environmental inflection, particularly through recent developments within information technology. That is, despite the latter being the privileged technology of neoliberalism, and despite the environmental cost of its current material infrastructure, it is also highly unlikely that societies will abandon their dependence on information technology in the near future. Given this, the importance of considering how such technology can be harnessed to positively re-orientate users’ perceptions of the natural world, in a way that also avoids the pitfall of technophilia, is advanced. In terms of this, both positive and negative appraisals of information technology by prominent new media theorists are discussed, and information technology is put forward as a tool that remains indeterminate in terms of its use. After this, and with a view to exploring how the technological dimension of the DSP might possibly be inflected in a pro-environmental manner, the thesis draws on the works of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari who promote desire and difference outside the ambit of capitalism, particularly through desubjectivation in relation to their concept of ‘becoming-animal.’ Finally, after dealing in addition with some potential theoretical challenges to the application of Deleuze’s ideas within the digital realm, focus shifts to three contemporary digital artefacts which have the capacity, albeit to varying degrees, to facilitate a becoming-animal. In this regard, a distinction is made between those artefacts that precipitate first-, second- and third-order hybrid durationality, and it is argued that the latter category presents the greatest promise of interfacing the time of humans with the time of animals.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Isithako sohlahlubo-bunzululwazi-sakhono kwiimbalo zikaSaule: iinoveli ezintathu = decontsructive stylistic critique of Saule' s writings: the case of three novels
- Jaxa, Nontembiso Patricia, Kwatsha, Linda Loretta
- Authors: Jaxa, Nontembiso Patricia , Kwatsha, Linda Loretta
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Xhosa literature -- Criticism, Textual , Literature -- Black authors -- History and criticism , South African literature -- History and criticism , Saule, N -- Criticism and interpretation , Saule, N -- Literary style
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7762 , vital:23830
- Description: Kule ngxoxo kuqwalaselwa ukugqwesa kwesiThako Sohlahlubo-buNzululwazi-sakhono kuhlalutyo loncwadi. Olu phando lugxile ekuduliseni ukuba akukho luzalwano luthe ngqo, kwaye lusisigxina phakathi kwegama nentsingiselo, ngenxa yobumbaxa beentsingiselo zegama. Esi siThako siludondolo ekusinyelelwa ngalo kolu phando, ukuqaqambisa ukuba iitekisi azinantsingiselo izinzileyo. Ke ngoko ibe ayinabunyani mpela ingcamango yokuba igama linokunanyatheliswa intsingiselo ethile, ze loo ntsingiselo ibange ubuntsusa. Ingxoxo yophando, iphendula imibuzo ebuza ubuni besiThako Sohlahlubo-buNzululwazi-sakhono, nokuchana kwaso ekuhlalutyeni iitekisi zoncwadi. Imibuzo ikwabuza izizathu zokungazinzi kwentsingiselo yetekisi, nokungabi nakwalatheka ncam kwentsingiselo ajolise kuyo umbhali, ngotolo lwakhe oluluchongo-sigama. Le mibuzo iyaphenduleka kubuthumbu bengxoxo. Ingxoxo idandalazisa ukunzotshoba kwesi siThako kuhlahlubo, kuqanyelwa ngeengcingane zaso eziphambili. Ukuphendulwa kwemibuzo yophando, kufezekisa iinjongo zophando. Iinoveli ezichongelwe uphando, ziinoveli ezintathu zikaSaule, ezizezi: Ukhozi Olumaphiko, Umlimandlela kunye no-Vuleka Mhlaba, azikhethelwanga kuthelekiswa koko kukudandalazisa elubala ukunyanisa kwesiThako Sohlahlubo-buNzululwazi-sakhono, malunga nomba weentsingiselo. Ngazo, kudula ubunyani bophindaphindeko lwegama elinye kwimixholo ngemixholo, lizale iintsingiselo ezahlukileyo. Kanti, kukwadandalaza ukuba intsingiselo yegama ayixhomekekanga kumxholo, iyakwazi ukutyekeza ngaphaya kwawo, liveze nezinye iintsingiselo. Olu phando lungaluncedo kakhulu kubafundi nootitshala kuba kanye luphethe umba wokuhlalutywa kweetekisi, ngendlela ekhuthazwa yiNkcazelo yePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola (2011). Ebethelela ukuba kufundo loncwadi kufuneka abafundi bayiqhaqhe ukuyihlalutya itekisi ukuze kuvele indlela eyakhiwe neyakheke ngayo, oko ke kukuHlahluba. Kanti ke nakubahlohli lungaluncedo kuba lutyhila okuninzi ngesiThako Sohlahlubo-buNzululwazi-sakhono. Ekuxoxeni, isiThako sobuNzululwazi Mlando-mbali, kurhatyulwe kuso, ukuxhasa imiba ethile kuphando. Ingxoxo Yahlulwe yazizahluko ngolu hlobo: Isahluko sokuqala, sidandalazisa ingxubakaxaka ethunuke yandulula uphando olu. Kwabekwa iinjongo, iziphumo-njongo zophando nemibuzo ekuza kucangcathwa kuyo kuphando. Kwaphengululwa iincwadi zeengcali kwisi-Thako Sohlahlubo-buNzululwazi-sakhono, kwarhewulwa nesiThako sobuNzululwazi beeNkumbulo noMlando-mbali. Isahluko sesibini, luphendululo lweencwadi olunzulileyo nolunabileyo, kupendlwa izimvo ezimalunga nobuni besiThako Sohlahlubo-buNzululwazi-sakhono. Kubekelelwa, kucutyungulwa iingcingane zaso, ezibe ludondolo lophando. Isahluko sesithathu, yingxoxo. Kuphicothwa iinoveli ezichongelwe uphando, zihlahlutywa, kusetyenziswa iingcamango neengcingane zesiThako Sohla-hlubo-buNzululwazi-sakhono. Ikakhulu kuqwalaselwa indlela izibini ezichasana ngokulinganayo ezivela ngayo. Kuduliswa ukuminxiselwa kwezo zikwinqanaba elingezantsi. Isahluko sesine, ingxoxo iyaqhuba, kuqwalselwa ukusetyenziswa kwamaze-nge nemiqondiso, neentsingiselo ezivelayo, nokwahluka kwazo, okukhokelela ukuba utekisi ibe nobuvumephika. Isahluko sesihlanu, uphando luqhubeka kudandalaziswa ukusetyenziswa kwezandi, isigama sokuchaza nezafobe, nemifanekiso-ngqondweni eyakhiwa zezi zixhobo zoncwadi, ze kuphendlwe iintsingiselo nefuthe lazo kwitekisi. Isahluko sesithandathu sigxile ekusetyenzisweni kwembali kuncwadi, ngendlela evuselela iinkumbulo. Kuso nakuba kuhlahlutywa kodwa kunce-diswa ngokurhabula kwisiThako sobuNzululwazi beeNkumbulo noMlando-mbali.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Jaxa, Nontembiso Patricia , Kwatsha, Linda Loretta
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Xhosa literature -- Criticism, Textual , Literature -- Black authors -- History and criticism , South African literature -- History and criticism , Saule, N -- Criticism and interpretation , Saule, N -- Literary style
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7762 , vital:23830
- Description: Kule ngxoxo kuqwalaselwa ukugqwesa kwesiThako Sohlahlubo-buNzululwazi-sakhono kuhlalutyo loncwadi. Olu phando lugxile ekuduliseni ukuba akukho luzalwano luthe ngqo, kwaye lusisigxina phakathi kwegama nentsingiselo, ngenxa yobumbaxa beentsingiselo zegama. Esi siThako siludondolo ekusinyelelwa ngalo kolu phando, ukuqaqambisa ukuba iitekisi azinantsingiselo izinzileyo. Ke ngoko ibe ayinabunyani mpela ingcamango yokuba igama linokunanyatheliswa intsingiselo ethile, ze loo ntsingiselo ibange ubuntsusa. Ingxoxo yophando, iphendula imibuzo ebuza ubuni besiThako Sohlahlubo-buNzululwazi-sakhono, nokuchana kwaso ekuhlalutyeni iitekisi zoncwadi. Imibuzo ikwabuza izizathu zokungazinzi kwentsingiselo yetekisi, nokungabi nakwalatheka ncam kwentsingiselo ajolise kuyo umbhali, ngotolo lwakhe oluluchongo-sigama. Le mibuzo iyaphenduleka kubuthumbu bengxoxo. Ingxoxo idandalazisa ukunzotshoba kwesi siThako kuhlahlubo, kuqanyelwa ngeengcingane zaso eziphambili. Ukuphendulwa kwemibuzo yophando, kufezekisa iinjongo zophando. Iinoveli ezichongelwe uphando, ziinoveli ezintathu zikaSaule, ezizezi: Ukhozi Olumaphiko, Umlimandlela kunye no-Vuleka Mhlaba, azikhethelwanga kuthelekiswa koko kukudandalazisa elubala ukunyanisa kwesiThako Sohlahlubo-buNzululwazi-sakhono, malunga nomba weentsingiselo. Ngazo, kudula ubunyani bophindaphindeko lwegama elinye kwimixholo ngemixholo, lizale iintsingiselo ezahlukileyo. Kanti, kukwadandalaza ukuba intsingiselo yegama ayixhomekekanga kumxholo, iyakwazi ukutyekeza ngaphaya kwawo, liveze nezinye iintsingiselo. Olu phando lungaluncedo kakhulu kubafundi nootitshala kuba kanye luphethe umba wokuhlalutywa kweetekisi, ngendlela ekhuthazwa yiNkcazelo yePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola (2011). Ebethelela ukuba kufundo loncwadi kufuneka abafundi bayiqhaqhe ukuyihlalutya itekisi ukuze kuvele indlela eyakhiwe neyakheke ngayo, oko ke kukuHlahluba. Kanti ke nakubahlohli lungaluncedo kuba lutyhila okuninzi ngesiThako Sohlahlubo-buNzululwazi-sakhono. Ekuxoxeni, isiThako sobuNzululwazi Mlando-mbali, kurhatyulwe kuso, ukuxhasa imiba ethile kuphando. Ingxoxo Yahlulwe yazizahluko ngolu hlobo: Isahluko sokuqala, sidandalazisa ingxubakaxaka ethunuke yandulula uphando olu. Kwabekwa iinjongo, iziphumo-njongo zophando nemibuzo ekuza kucangcathwa kuyo kuphando. Kwaphengululwa iincwadi zeengcali kwisi-Thako Sohlahlubo-buNzululwazi-sakhono, kwarhewulwa nesiThako sobuNzululwazi beeNkumbulo noMlando-mbali. Isahluko sesibini, luphendululo lweencwadi olunzulileyo nolunabileyo, kupendlwa izimvo ezimalunga nobuni besiThako Sohlahlubo-buNzululwazi-sakhono. Kubekelelwa, kucutyungulwa iingcingane zaso, ezibe ludondolo lophando. Isahluko sesithathu, yingxoxo. Kuphicothwa iinoveli ezichongelwe uphando, zihlahlutywa, kusetyenziswa iingcamango neengcingane zesiThako Sohla-hlubo-buNzululwazi-sakhono. Ikakhulu kuqwalaselwa indlela izibini ezichasana ngokulinganayo ezivela ngayo. Kuduliswa ukuminxiselwa kwezo zikwinqanaba elingezantsi. Isahluko sesine, ingxoxo iyaqhuba, kuqwalselwa ukusetyenziswa kwamaze-nge nemiqondiso, neentsingiselo ezivelayo, nokwahluka kwazo, okukhokelela ukuba utekisi ibe nobuvumephika. Isahluko sesihlanu, uphando luqhubeka kudandalaziswa ukusetyenziswa kwezandi, isigama sokuchaza nezafobe, nemifanekiso-ngqondweni eyakhiwa zezi zixhobo zoncwadi, ze kuphendlwe iintsingiselo nefuthe lazo kwitekisi. Isahluko sesithandathu sigxile ekusetyenzisweni kwembali kuncwadi, ngendlela evuselela iinkumbulo. Kuso nakuba kuhlahlutywa kodwa kunce-diswa ngokurhabula kwisiThako sobuNzululwazi beeNkumbulo noMlando-mbali.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Managing change in organisational environment
- Authors: Markova, Elena
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Organizational change , Conflict management , Teams in the workplace
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8129 , vital:25017
- Description: Twentieth century has set an unprecedented pace of change, which seems to be ever increasing. The changes are transforming every sphere of social life including business and organisational life. Globalisation has made organisational structures flatter but wider in reach. Advancements in information and communication technologies have made teams larger through vast and powerful information networks. These forces are triggering the reshaping and restructuring of every major industry worldwide nowadays. The main research aim of this study is to explore how organisational conflict is affected by change (and vice versa) in order to work out a set of recommendations which shall take form of practical intervention strategies for the improvement of organizational effectiveness by mitigating the dysfunctions of a conflict and adjusting employees' styles of handling interpersonal and intergroup conflict. Workplace conflict is an everyday reality. It is an inevitable result of human interaction in a competitive environment of the workplace. So, according to this assumption, conflict is not something vicious and destructive, but an intrinsic part of human interaction. Then, the conflict is not a problem in itself, the way it is managed is what defines whether the conflict is destructive or not.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Markova, Elena
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Organizational change , Conflict management , Teams in the workplace
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8129 , vital:25017
- Description: Twentieth century has set an unprecedented pace of change, which seems to be ever increasing. The changes are transforming every sphere of social life including business and organisational life. Globalisation has made organisational structures flatter but wider in reach. Advancements in information and communication technologies have made teams larger through vast and powerful information networks. These forces are triggering the reshaping and restructuring of every major industry worldwide nowadays. The main research aim of this study is to explore how organisational conflict is affected by change (and vice versa) in order to work out a set of recommendations which shall take form of practical intervention strategies for the improvement of organizational effectiveness by mitigating the dysfunctions of a conflict and adjusting employees' styles of handling interpersonal and intergroup conflict. Workplace conflict is an everyday reality. It is an inevitable result of human interaction in a competitive environment of the workplace. So, according to this assumption, conflict is not something vicious and destructive, but an intrinsic part of human interaction. Then, the conflict is not a problem in itself, the way it is managed is what defines whether the conflict is destructive or not.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Perspectives of the historical–biographical criticism In the creative works of J. J. R. Jolobe
- Khumalo, Hlonpha Pamela Vivienne, Kwatsha, Linda Loretta
- Authors: Khumalo, Hlonpha Pamela Vivienne , Kwatsha, Linda Loretta
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: South African literature -- History and criticism -- Biography Xhosa literature -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21983 , vital:29809
- Description: Olu phando lohlalutyo lukwaluncomo-gxeko lwemisebenzi kaJolobe, injongo yalo kukubonisa ukuba lukho uqhagamshelwano phakathi kobomi bakhe jikelele kunye noncwadi lwakhe. Ulwazi olunjalo lungathi lube luncedo kwiphulo elibalulekileyo ekuncediseni kulwazi lokubhala ibhayografi yakhe. Kubonakele kufanelekile ukuba iphulo elinjalo lenziwe ukukhumbula imisebenzi emikhulu eyenziwe ngamaqhawe abantu abaNtsundu abathe banegalelo elikhulu ekuphakanyiswni koncwadi lwemvelo kwakunye nenkuqubela phambili kwimfundo yabantu abangama-Afrika beli lizwe. Umzekelo uJolobe ulusebenzele ukuba uncwadi lwakhe ukuxwayisa abantu bakowabo abaNtsundu ngemfundo nolwazi olwakhaya. Ukwalusebenzise uncwadi lwakhe ukuvusa abantu ama-Afrika balumke kwingozi zemimoya yocinezelo lwabo ngurhulumente ocalule abantu abaNtsundu kuba bebantsundu ngebala. Nangona uncwadi lwakhe ulenze lwabasisonwabiso kodwa ikhakhulu ulusebenzise kwanokunika intuthuzelo, ithemba kwanokomelela kubantu abathe bacinezelwe zimeko zobomi ukuba bangalahli ithemba loluzuza impumelelo, kuba izinto zingatshintsha ebomini babo ngokuhamba kwamaxesha. Kwakhona ukongeza uncwadi lwakhe ulusebenzise ukuphakamisa nokuhambisela phambili ulwimi lwemveli, inkcubeko, imbali ngokusebenzisa isixhobo esiluncwadi lwakhe ukuze ezi ngongoma zikhankanyisweyo zihlale ezincwadini zakhe ezithe zazisele zolwazi, zingabi nakuze zife kuba zililifa lesizwe esiNtsundu, Uninzi loncwadi olubhalwe nguJolobe luthe lwaxoxwa kwesi sifundo, kodwa kuye kwaphonongwa ikakhulu uncwadi lwemibongo, inoveli idrama kuba kubonakele ukuba lo msebenzi ubanzi kakhulu kwaye esi sifundo kubonakele ukuba kungabanzima ukuba singagqibeka lula, kodwa ke uJolobe ubengumntu okhutheleyo. Ubhale incwadi eziliqela ngenxa yothando lwakhe lobhalo loncwadi oluqhutywe ngumbono wakhe wobuthandazwe, wokubona kubalulekile ukuba inani loncwadi olubhaliweyo esiXhoseni linyuke kwaye libe kwizinga eliphezulu, ukuze umzi wasemaXhoseni nowamanye ama-Afrika ngokubanzi ungalambathi ngoncwadi lokufunda ujongelwe phantsi ngokuba semva kwinkqubela phambili zezinye izizwe Ingokuphandle uncwadi lukaJolobe lubonakela luyinxenye yobomi bakhe. Kulunye uncwadi kwakhe kufumaniseka ukuba ukubhale endululwe zizinto ezithe azamphatha kakuhle ebomini bakhe zazaza ezo zinto zawuphazamisa umoya wakhe, nentlalo yakhe wada waqanda ukuba makabhale aphokoze okukuphuphuma kwengcinga zakhe ukuzithuthuzela kwanokuphilisa kwanabanye abantu abathe badibana neenzima ezinjalo zobomi. Umzekelo: iimeko zopolitiko zeli lizwe zithe zabuchaphazela ubomi bakhe, oko kubesisiphumo sokuba abhale incwadi yakhe yedrama apho adiza ngeemeko zokuphatheka kwabantu baseBhayi kwilokishi eyathi yabelwa bona ngurhulumnte wobandlululo, apho ebexelenga khona njengetitshala kwanoMfundisi weliZwi. Kanti noncwadi apho athe wabonisa ukuvuya khona olo luvuyo olusukela kwinto ethe yamvuyisa emalunga nobomi bakhe, izimvo zakhe kwanenkolo yakhe njengomntu, kwanendlela akhule ngayo. Umzekelo, uJolobe uye wazisa abafundi bakhe ukuba iimbalo zakhe zisukele kwizinto ezithe zamchukumisa ebomini bakhe. Ngoko ke kwabonakala ukuba olu phando luluncedo ekusungulweni kweprojekti yokubhalwa kwebhayografi kaJolobe neya kuba luncedo kwimisebenzi yophando olubalulekileyo kuncwadi kuba iincwadi ezinje zityebile ngolwazi olubalulekileyo ekungena kucingelwa ukuba lunokufunyanwa kulo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Khumalo, Hlonpha Pamela Vivienne , Kwatsha, Linda Loretta
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: South African literature -- History and criticism -- Biography Xhosa literature -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21983 , vital:29809
- Description: Olu phando lohlalutyo lukwaluncomo-gxeko lwemisebenzi kaJolobe, injongo yalo kukubonisa ukuba lukho uqhagamshelwano phakathi kobomi bakhe jikelele kunye noncwadi lwakhe. Ulwazi olunjalo lungathi lube luncedo kwiphulo elibalulekileyo ekuncediseni kulwazi lokubhala ibhayografi yakhe. Kubonakele kufanelekile ukuba iphulo elinjalo lenziwe ukukhumbula imisebenzi emikhulu eyenziwe ngamaqhawe abantu abaNtsundu abathe banegalelo elikhulu ekuphakanyiswni koncwadi lwemvelo kwakunye nenkuqubela phambili kwimfundo yabantu abangama-Afrika beli lizwe. Umzekelo uJolobe ulusebenzele ukuba uncwadi lwakhe ukuxwayisa abantu bakowabo abaNtsundu ngemfundo nolwazi olwakhaya. Ukwalusebenzise uncwadi lwakhe ukuvusa abantu ama-Afrika balumke kwingozi zemimoya yocinezelo lwabo ngurhulumente ocalule abantu abaNtsundu kuba bebantsundu ngebala. Nangona uncwadi lwakhe ulenze lwabasisonwabiso kodwa ikhakhulu ulusebenzise kwanokunika intuthuzelo, ithemba kwanokomelela kubantu abathe bacinezelwe zimeko zobomi ukuba bangalahli ithemba loluzuza impumelelo, kuba izinto zingatshintsha ebomini babo ngokuhamba kwamaxesha. Kwakhona ukongeza uncwadi lwakhe ulusebenzise ukuphakamisa nokuhambisela phambili ulwimi lwemveli, inkcubeko, imbali ngokusebenzisa isixhobo esiluncwadi lwakhe ukuze ezi ngongoma zikhankanyisweyo zihlale ezincwadini zakhe ezithe zazisele zolwazi, zingabi nakuze zife kuba zililifa lesizwe esiNtsundu, Uninzi loncwadi olubhalwe nguJolobe luthe lwaxoxwa kwesi sifundo, kodwa kuye kwaphonongwa ikakhulu uncwadi lwemibongo, inoveli idrama kuba kubonakele ukuba lo msebenzi ubanzi kakhulu kwaye esi sifundo kubonakele ukuba kungabanzima ukuba singagqibeka lula, kodwa ke uJolobe ubengumntu okhutheleyo. Ubhale incwadi eziliqela ngenxa yothando lwakhe lobhalo loncwadi oluqhutywe ngumbono wakhe wobuthandazwe, wokubona kubalulekile ukuba inani loncwadi olubhaliweyo esiXhoseni linyuke kwaye libe kwizinga eliphezulu, ukuze umzi wasemaXhoseni nowamanye ama-Afrika ngokubanzi ungalambathi ngoncwadi lokufunda ujongelwe phantsi ngokuba semva kwinkqubela phambili zezinye izizwe Ingokuphandle uncwadi lukaJolobe lubonakela luyinxenye yobomi bakhe. Kulunye uncwadi kwakhe kufumaniseka ukuba ukubhale endululwe zizinto ezithe azamphatha kakuhle ebomini bakhe zazaza ezo zinto zawuphazamisa umoya wakhe, nentlalo yakhe wada waqanda ukuba makabhale aphokoze okukuphuphuma kwengcinga zakhe ukuzithuthuzela kwanokuphilisa kwanabanye abantu abathe badibana neenzima ezinjalo zobomi. Umzekelo: iimeko zopolitiko zeli lizwe zithe zabuchaphazela ubomi bakhe, oko kubesisiphumo sokuba abhale incwadi yakhe yedrama apho adiza ngeemeko zokuphatheka kwabantu baseBhayi kwilokishi eyathi yabelwa bona ngurhulumnte wobandlululo, apho ebexelenga khona njengetitshala kwanoMfundisi weliZwi. Kanti noncwadi apho athe wabonisa ukuvuya khona olo luvuyo olusukela kwinto ethe yamvuyisa emalunga nobomi bakhe, izimvo zakhe kwanenkolo yakhe njengomntu, kwanendlela akhule ngayo. Umzekelo, uJolobe uye wazisa abafundi bakhe ukuba iimbalo zakhe zisukele kwizinto ezithe zamchukumisa ebomini bakhe. Ngoko ke kwabonakala ukuba olu phando luluncedo ekusungulweni kweprojekti yokubhalwa kwebhayografi kaJolobe neya kuba luncedo kwimisebenzi yophando olubalulekileyo kuncwadi kuba iincwadi ezinje zityebile ngolwazi olubalulekileyo ekungena kucingelwa ukuba lunokufunyanwa kulo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
The influence of decentralisation on community development in Gasabo district of Rwanda
- Authors: Indoha, Janvier Kimenyi
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Decentralization in government -- Rwanda Community development -- Rwanda
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14345 , vital:27572
- Description: This study investigated the influence of decentralisation on community development in the Gasabo district of Rwanda. It was based on the assumption that the participation of citizens in decision-making, planning based on local needs and priorities and the implementation of development programmes associated with the decentralisation policy can improve service delivery and result in community development. It is vital that the decentralization policy be well understood so that appropriate strategies may be adopted and implemented with the aim of maximising advantages associated with it. This study provides, in addition to a literature review, a brief historical background of the evolution and transformation of governance in Rwanda. The country‟s system of governance as well as the challenges it has encountered along the way through different régimes are briefly addressed. Also, the legal and regulatory framework of the decentralization policy and strategies adopted and mechanisms of resource transfer are explained. The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods. Primary and secondary data were used in analysing the influence of decentralisation on community development in the Gasabo district of Rwanda. Primary data was collected through survey questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions, while secondary data were gathered through a literature survey of relevant textbooks, peer-reviewed journals, reports and legislation. The research findings indicated that in the Gasabo district, decentralisation has contributed significantly towards improving governance aspects such as accountability, and citizen participation in development programmes, which are prerequisite factors of development. Concerning the planning process, the research found that the district development plan (DDP) was crafted through drawing its priorities from the national development plans embedded in the Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategies (EDPRS) and Rwanda‟s Vision 2020. However, despite the existence of the Joint Action Development Forum (JADF), created to join the development plans of development partners to the DDP, testimonies from development partners revealed that their relationship with the district is characterised by the lack of frank collaboration, leading to their not being fully associated in the planning process. This research also found that the decentralisation policy has contributed only to a limited extent to the improvement of service delivery in Gasabo district. It was observed that effective service delivery is still hampered by the lack of skilled employees, especially in the areas of education, health and engineering, a budget insufficient for the effective implementation of development projects in such a way as to satisfy the expectations of beneficiaries. In view of the aforementioned findings, the study recommends that the central government intervene in training district tax officers regarding mechanisms and strategies of maximising tax collection to draw sufficient funds to carry out development plans. Through building their capacity, the imbalance between the responsibilities and means allocated for carrying out their achievement can be progressively reduced. Furthermore, to prevent development from taking place in a random manner, district authorities should receive technical support from the central government through linking the local planning process to national poverty reduction efforts. The annual performance contract system needs to be strengthened and monitored to evaluate the implementation of district development plans so as to prevent any kind of poor leadership performance, with the aim of optimising available resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Indoha, Janvier Kimenyi
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Decentralization in government -- Rwanda Community development -- Rwanda
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14345 , vital:27572
- Description: This study investigated the influence of decentralisation on community development in the Gasabo district of Rwanda. It was based on the assumption that the participation of citizens in decision-making, planning based on local needs and priorities and the implementation of development programmes associated with the decentralisation policy can improve service delivery and result in community development. It is vital that the decentralization policy be well understood so that appropriate strategies may be adopted and implemented with the aim of maximising advantages associated with it. This study provides, in addition to a literature review, a brief historical background of the evolution and transformation of governance in Rwanda. The country‟s system of governance as well as the challenges it has encountered along the way through different régimes are briefly addressed. Also, the legal and regulatory framework of the decentralization policy and strategies adopted and mechanisms of resource transfer are explained. The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods. Primary and secondary data were used in analysing the influence of decentralisation on community development in the Gasabo district of Rwanda. Primary data was collected through survey questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions, while secondary data were gathered through a literature survey of relevant textbooks, peer-reviewed journals, reports and legislation. The research findings indicated that in the Gasabo district, decentralisation has contributed significantly towards improving governance aspects such as accountability, and citizen participation in development programmes, which are prerequisite factors of development. Concerning the planning process, the research found that the district development plan (DDP) was crafted through drawing its priorities from the national development plans embedded in the Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategies (EDPRS) and Rwanda‟s Vision 2020. However, despite the existence of the Joint Action Development Forum (JADF), created to join the development plans of development partners to the DDP, testimonies from development partners revealed that their relationship with the district is characterised by the lack of frank collaboration, leading to their not being fully associated in the planning process. This research also found that the decentralisation policy has contributed only to a limited extent to the improvement of service delivery in Gasabo district. It was observed that effective service delivery is still hampered by the lack of skilled employees, especially in the areas of education, health and engineering, a budget insufficient for the effective implementation of development projects in such a way as to satisfy the expectations of beneficiaries. In view of the aforementioned findings, the study recommends that the central government intervene in training district tax officers regarding mechanisms and strategies of maximising tax collection to draw sufficient funds to carry out development plans. Through building their capacity, the imbalance between the responsibilities and means allocated for carrying out their achievement can be progressively reduced. Furthermore, to prevent development from taking place in a random manner, district authorities should receive technical support from the central government through linking the local planning process to national poverty reduction efforts. The annual performance contract system needs to be strengthened and monitored to evaluate the implementation of district development plans so as to prevent any kind of poor leadership performance, with the aim of optimising available resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
The role of transformative mediation in post-electoral violence: the case of Kenya 2007-2008
- Authors: Ondigo, Anne Achieng Oyier
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Political violence -- Kenya Conflict management -- Kenya
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12962 , vital:27138
- Description: Free and fair elections, accompanied by smooth transitions of democratically elected leaders, constitute one of the key pillars of democracy. The dawn of democratisation and advent of multi-party politics after the end of the Cold War in 1991, seemingly held great promise for Africa. However, in recent years, many elections in Africa have consistently become a source of violence. Electoral violence is threatening to become an intractable source of conflict on the African continent, making it hard for emerging democracies to consolidate their status as free democratic societies. Many remain largely autocratic or semi-democratic. African leaders are all too often not ready to relinquish political power, while political elites are ‘power hungry’ and use violence to skew the outcomes of elections in their favour. Hence, electoral violence is employed in order to manipulate civilian election choices and outcomes. Election violence is often deliberately used to target civilians, and in countries like Kenya involves inter-ethnic clashes. These “new wars” are fought unconventionally using ‘crude weapons’, (Kaldor 2013). Kaldor describes how these ‘new wars’ are fought as intra-state (within the state) wars in developing countries. Often, they are waged via state or county networks based on identity or ethnicity. The consequences of electoral violence include the destruction of property, reversed development, injuries, rape, death, internally displaced persons and refugees. Electoral violence persists despite attempts to contain it and measures to effectively manage these processes often prove to be inadequate. The study utilises an exploratory case study of Kenya during 2007-2008 Post-Election violence. The causes, the immediate steps that were initiated to mitigate violence and the reforms undertaken to generate peace structures and prevent future occurrences of post-election violence were explored. Forty-five participants representing involved citizens, negotiators and mediators were interviewed. The research was triangulated via the interview process, together with the use of primary document analysis and an extensive review of the literature. The data was analysed via the use of grounded theory. The research findings reveal that the causes of electoral violence are multi-faceted and multi-layered, with deep underlying issues. The causes include weak institutions, corruption, a non-representational electoral system, ethnicity and ethnic militia. Further causes include statelessness as experienced by certain groups, abuse of state resources and human rights violations. The role of political elites who withhold crucial information, thus denying the public the opportunity to make informed choices during elections was also found to contribute to electoral violence. Other information-related causes include biased media and sensational reporting. Findings also show that socio-economic issues such as poverty, unemployment, scarce resources and unmet basic human needs cannot be underestimated. Lastly, the causes of electoral violence included diverse interests of internal and external actors at play during elections. The findings revealed that although the Kenyan mediation process included the signing of a peace agreement, the root causes of electoral violence such as corruption, weak institutions, abuse of state resources and the unjust electoral system were not adequately addressed. A model for mediation for electoral violence which was explored and developed sought to build on the strengths of the Kenyan mediation process and address its inherent weaknesses, thus making this a significant contribution flowing from the study. The election model for mediation proposes certain key phases which include a pre-mediation process that will ensure a cessation of all hostilities; the mapping of the root causes of electoral violence and electoral reforms that provide resolutions that are acceptable to all the parties. Training of personnel at all levels of government to implement these reforms is also proposed. These measures can ensure the integrity and independence of electoral institutions from political manipulation. Training constitutes a crucial stage in the process of consolidating the emerging democracies. The model for mediation developed is therefore not only meant to mitigate electoral violence but is also intended to serve as a preventive measure. Many African states currently experience structural weaknesses similar to those that existed in Kenya before the 2007-2008 elections (and still persist). These fault lines include corruption, weak institutions, human rights violations, and lack of information. The proposed model for mediation which aims to counter these problems can thus be applied and adapted for implementation in Africa and globally. Several recommendations with implications for policy development are proposed to curb electoral violence. They include constitutional reforms, training of government and electoral officials and the introduction of a properly representational election system. This study, which focuses specifically on post-election violence, recommends further research investigating the pre-election phase, and ‘voting day’ causes of electoral violence for a more comprehensive approach to electoral violence research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Ondigo, Anne Achieng Oyier
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Political violence -- Kenya Conflict management -- Kenya
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12962 , vital:27138
- Description: Free and fair elections, accompanied by smooth transitions of democratically elected leaders, constitute one of the key pillars of democracy. The dawn of democratisation and advent of multi-party politics after the end of the Cold War in 1991, seemingly held great promise for Africa. However, in recent years, many elections in Africa have consistently become a source of violence. Electoral violence is threatening to become an intractable source of conflict on the African continent, making it hard for emerging democracies to consolidate their status as free democratic societies. Many remain largely autocratic or semi-democratic. African leaders are all too often not ready to relinquish political power, while political elites are ‘power hungry’ and use violence to skew the outcomes of elections in their favour. Hence, electoral violence is employed in order to manipulate civilian election choices and outcomes. Election violence is often deliberately used to target civilians, and in countries like Kenya involves inter-ethnic clashes. These “new wars” are fought unconventionally using ‘crude weapons’, (Kaldor 2013). Kaldor describes how these ‘new wars’ are fought as intra-state (within the state) wars in developing countries. Often, they are waged via state or county networks based on identity or ethnicity. The consequences of electoral violence include the destruction of property, reversed development, injuries, rape, death, internally displaced persons and refugees. Electoral violence persists despite attempts to contain it and measures to effectively manage these processes often prove to be inadequate. The study utilises an exploratory case study of Kenya during 2007-2008 Post-Election violence. The causes, the immediate steps that were initiated to mitigate violence and the reforms undertaken to generate peace structures and prevent future occurrences of post-election violence were explored. Forty-five participants representing involved citizens, negotiators and mediators were interviewed. The research was triangulated via the interview process, together with the use of primary document analysis and an extensive review of the literature. The data was analysed via the use of grounded theory. The research findings reveal that the causes of electoral violence are multi-faceted and multi-layered, with deep underlying issues. The causes include weak institutions, corruption, a non-representational electoral system, ethnicity and ethnic militia. Further causes include statelessness as experienced by certain groups, abuse of state resources and human rights violations. The role of political elites who withhold crucial information, thus denying the public the opportunity to make informed choices during elections was also found to contribute to electoral violence. Other information-related causes include biased media and sensational reporting. Findings also show that socio-economic issues such as poverty, unemployment, scarce resources and unmet basic human needs cannot be underestimated. Lastly, the causes of electoral violence included diverse interests of internal and external actors at play during elections. The findings revealed that although the Kenyan mediation process included the signing of a peace agreement, the root causes of electoral violence such as corruption, weak institutions, abuse of state resources and the unjust electoral system were not adequately addressed. A model for mediation for electoral violence which was explored and developed sought to build on the strengths of the Kenyan mediation process and address its inherent weaknesses, thus making this a significant contribution flowing from the study. The election model for mediation proposes certain key phases which include a pre-mediation process that will ensure a cessation of all hostilities; the mapping of the root causes of electoral violence and electoral reforms that provide resolutions that are acceptable to all the parties. Training of personnel at all levels of government to implement these reforms is also proposed. These measures can ensure the integrity and independence of electoral institutions from political manipulation. Training constitutes a crucial stage in the process of consolidating the emerging democracies. The model for mediation developed is therefore not only meant to mitigate electoral violence but is also intended to serve as a preventive measure. Many African states currently experience structural weaknesses similar to those that existed in Kenya before the 2007-2008 elections (and still persist). These fault lines include corruption, weak institutions, human rights violations, and lack of information. The proposed model for mediation which aims to counter these problems can thus be applied and adapted for implementation in Africa and globally. Several recommendations with implications for policy development are proposed to curb electoral violence. They include constitutional reforms, training of government and electoral officials and the introduction of a properly representational election system. This study, which focuses specifically on post-election violence, recommends further research investigating the pre-election phase, and ‘voting day’ causes of electoral violence for a more comprehensive approach to electoral violence research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Uphicotho nzulu lwendima yepragmatiki ekuphononongeni incwadi ezikhethiweyo zesiXhosa
- Authors: Cutalele, Pumla Pamella
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Xhosa literature , Pragmatics , Translating and interpreting
- Language: Xhosa
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5442 , vital:20845
- Description: Olu phando luqwalasela indima yepragmatiki ekuphononongeni iincwadi ezikhethiweyo zesiXhosa. Isahluko sokuqala sinika okuqulathwe lolu phando, iinjongo zolu phando nezibe ngunobangela wokuba kukhethwe esi sihloko, imethodi yophando, imo yophando, ulwakhiwo lophando nalapho kukrotyiswa kokuqulathwe sisahluko ngasinye. Uphengululo lweencwadi lwenziwe eziqulathe umxholo wepragmatiki lwenziwe kwakuso esi sahluko. Ingcaciso yamagama aya kuthi asetyenziswe rhoqo inikiwe kwakuso esi sahluko Isahluko sesibini sijonga nzulu iingcingane eziya kuthi zisetyenziswe njengesikhokelo ekwenzeni olu phando. Ingcingane yolwimi kunye nengcingane yoncwadi zijongiwe kwesi sahluko. Ingcingane zepragmatiki eziquka leyo kaGrice nengundoqo kwipragmatiki nayo ithe yaqwalaselwa. Le ngcingane iye izise iindidi zeentsingiselo namasolotya azo. Ingcingane kaGrice ethi iphuhlise intsingiselo efihlakeleyo, intsingiselo ethe ngqo kunye nocingelo ziya- jongwa gabalala kwesi sahluko. Ingcingane yentetho ntshukumo iya kuthi ijongwe ze kujongwe nonxibelelo lwayo kuncwadi. Isahluko sesithathu sijonga nzulu ukusetyenziswa kwentsingisselo efihlakeleyo kwiincwadi ezikhethelwe esi sifundo. Umgaqo wonxibelelwano nezaci zawo ezizezi; isaci somgangatho, isaci sokungakanani, isaci sonxulumano kunye nesaci sobunjani zijongiwe kwiintetho zabalinganiswa nakwizimvo zombhali. Isaci esizihambelayo nesivela kakhulu ngokusetyenziswa kwesigqebelo namaqhalo naso sithe sajongwa ngokubhekiselele kwiincwadi ezikhethelwe esi sifundo.Isahluko sesine siqwalasele ukusetyenziswa kocingelo. Ucingelo nelilelinye isolotya lepragmatiki. Iindidi zocingelo zithe zajongwa, nezizezi: ucingelo lokukhoyo nokunokwenzeka, ucingelo lokuqonda, ucingelo lonobangela nesiphumo kunye nocingelo lwezichazi nezihlomelo. Izichukumisi zocingelo zijongiwe kugxilwe kwiincwadi zesiXhosa ezikhwethelwe esi sifundo. Isahluko sesihlanu siqwalasele intsingiselo ethe ngqo. Imiba yentsingiselo ethe ngqo efana nokuzigqibela, ukuvala isikhewu, ukunqanda ubumbaxa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemiqondiso kuthe kwaqwalaselwa kwesi sahluko. Indlela ethe ngqo abalinganiswa abathile abathiywe ngayo ngababhali kwiincwadi ezikhethelwe esi sifundo iye izise intsingiselo ethe ngqo, oko ke kuthe kwaqwalaselwa kwesi sahluko.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Cutalele, Pumla Pamella
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Xhosa literature , Pragmatics , Translating and interpreting
- Language: Xhosa
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5442 , vital:20845
- Description: Olu phando luqwalasela indima yepragmatiki ekuphononongeni iincwadi ezikhethiweyo zesiXhosa. Isahluko sokuqala sinika okuqulathwe lolu phando, iinjongo zolu phando nezibe ngunobangela wokuba kukhethwe esi sihloko, imethodi yophando, imo yophando, ulwakhiwo lophando nalapho kukrotyiswa kokuqulathwe sisahluko ngasinye. Uphengululo lweencwadi lwenziwe eziqulathe umxholo wepragmatiki lwenziwe kwakuso esi sahluko. Ingcaciso yamagama aya kuthi asetyenziswe rhoqo inikiwe kwakuso esi sahluko Isahluko sesibini sijonga nzulu iingcingane eziya kuthi zisetyenziswe njengesikhokelo ekwenzeni olu phando. Ingcingane yolwimi kunye nengcingane yoncwadi zijongiwe kwesi sahluko. Ingcingane zepragmatiki eziquka leyo kaGrice nengundoqo kwipragmatiki nayo ithe yaqwalaselwa. Le ngcingane iye izise iindidi zeentsingiselo namasolotya azo. Ingcingane kaGrice ethi iphuhlise intsingiselo efihlakeleyo, intsingiselo ethe ngqo kunye nocingelo ziya- jongwa gabalala kwesi sahluko. Ingcingane yentetho ntshukumo iya kuthi ijongwe ze kujongwe nonxibelelo lwayo kuncwadi. Isahluko sesithathu sijonga nzulu ukusetyenziswa kwentsingisselo efihlakeleyo kwiincwadi ezikhethelwe esi sifundo. Umgaqo wonxibelelwano nezaci zawo ezizezi; isaci somgangatho, isaci sokungakanani, isaci sonxulumano kunye nesaci sobunjani zijongiwe kwiintetho zabalinganiswa nakwizimvo zombhali. Isaci esizihambelayo nesivela kakhulu ngokusetyenziswa kwesigqebelo namaqhalo naso sithe sajongwa ngokubhekiselele kwiincwadi ezikhethelwe esi sifundo.Isahluko sesine siqwalasele ukusetyenziswa kocingelo. Ucingelo nelilelinye isolotya lepragmatiki. Iindidi zocingelo zithe zajongwa, nezizezi: ucingelo lokukhoyo nokunokwenzeka, ucingelo lokuqonda, ucingelo lonobangela nesiphumo kunye nocingelo lwezichazi nezihlomelo. Izichukumisi zocingelo zijongiwe kugxilwe kwiincwadi zesiXhosa ezikhwethelwe esi sifundo. Isahluko sesihlanu siqwalasele intsingiselo ethe ngqo. Imiba yentsingiselo ethe ngqo efana nokuzigqibela, ukuvala isikhewu, ukunqanda ubumbaxa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemiqondiso kuthe kwaqwalaselwa kwesi sahluko. Indlela ethe ngqo abalinganiswa abathile abathiywe ngayo ngababhali kwiincwadi ezikhethelwe esi sifundo iye izise intsingiselo ethe ngqo, oko ke kuthe kwaqwalaselwa kwesi sahluko.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
A sociological analysis of biodiversity management in Nigeria
- Authors: Obayi, Bennycharles A
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Collective behavior , Sustainable biodiversity -- Nigeria , Biodiversity conservation -- Nigeria
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5277 , vital:20835
- Description: The central thesis of this study addresses biodiversity challenges from a social relations perspective. This is viewed from the standpoint of enhancing sustainable bioresource-use systems from a behaviour change departure. The study reviewed the activities of organisations in Nigeria which focus on bioresource management. The review focused on how the organisations view, conceive and implement activities which aim to address biodiversity loss emphasising how these aspects inform the concept of programme design, planning and implementation. The strategies were weighed against theories and techniques in behaviour change. The study argues that it should be recognised that the challenges of biodiversity loss have a strong relationship with how a society is socially constructed, and that addressing the challenges will require a systematic approach aimed at social construction, using efficient techniques to ensure behaviour change. The objective of the study was to acquire insight on how programmes which aim at addressing biodiversity loss in Nigeria approached behaviour change towards sustainable bioresource-use practise. The study captured these insights in a set of themes which provided an improved analysis on the dynamics of behaviour change and biodiversity management in Nigeria as well as extrapolated these findings to articulate new ideas on how to address the challenges of biodiversity loss in Nigeria. Through analysing basic suppositions and exposing contradictions, social science disciplines examine the credibility of arguments and key concepts that commonly remain unquestioned. Based on this premise, critical assumptions on biodiversity management were challenged by the study. Furthermore, the study articulated questions which have been raised in recent years from a variety of social science perspectives on biodiversity management concerns. The study postulated the need for biodiversity management to be approached from a social-construct perspective in rethinking the discourse on unsustainable bioresource-use patterns. The thesis derives from an eco-sociology framework rooted in human interaction analysis, which is connected with approaches in the social science of functionalism and behaviourism. The concepts and ideas discussed in the thesis lay out the main dimensions relevant to the discourse on behaviour change-biodiversity management. The study’s conceptual and theoretical underpinning discussed biodiversity management concerns from a global context and narrowed the discussion down to country specific contexts. Within these contexts, the study discussed issues of policies, legal systems, political and social systems, practices and programme activities, as part of management concerns. The study compiled relevant views on conservation and protection practises which were in line with internationally accepted norms and practises on biodiversity management. It highlights the challenges of current practises which emphasise strengthening of legal frameworks, policies and practises, and which criminalise actions that contravene ideally-construed conservation precepts as best models of addressing biodiversity loss. It further discussed the emphasis placed on protected-area systems as the main model of biodiversity conservation and argued on the need to rethink the approach within the Nigerian context. The study articulates the role of sociology in ecological discourse and argues that although the knowledge gained by physical and biological sciences are essential in addressing ecological challenges, however, they are not sufficient to understand the driving forces underlying ecological challenges and the phenomenon fundamental to understanding trends and patterns of human factors in biodiversity loss. The study was explored within the methodological framework of phenomenology as the underpinning paradigm using a qualitative approach for analysis. The layouts of the thesis ensure that the research moves from theoretical and conceptual reflections to the actualities of lived realities and situated practices embedded in biodiversity management in Nigeria. The conceptual inclination for the theoretical base for the study analysis was postulated, which articulate the study’s scientific and empirical contributions. The survey method reflects exploratory analytical inquiry which supported the study’s methodological considerations. This was based on the specific data chosen for review, which was informed by the selected organisation’s application of social-construct concepts. Considered from a national perspective, the study assumed that issues of biodiversity management concerns were not to be separated from everyday social realities and the larger social challenges. In view of this consideration, the study analysis looked at historical, political and socio-economic backdrops in Nigeria, which reflected on bioresource-use practises. These are relevant to understand the dynamics and interplay of culture and values in bioresource-use patterns. The study builds on diverse arrays of global frameworks to integrate the major findings of the study. These were compared with related and different dimensions as well as existing theories of human-bioresource interactions. The first aspect of the empirical analysis explored conceptual dimensions which raised questions concerning perceptions of reality and social values that were linked to the strategies of social-constructs expressed through policies, plans and practices. The study’s fundamental empirical dimension explored the forms in which programmes and social institutions were relevant in ensuring behaviour change towards sustainable bioresource-use practise. The analytical sequences observed trends which support facilitation of social change through behaviour change. Another aspect of the empirical analysis focused on revealing the processional dynamics of programme activities to achieve set objectives. This was analysed from the methodical perspective of how the processes were monitored and measured in order to achieve anticipated outcomes. The study summarised the findings and the outcomes by outlining the themes which emerged from the research. The study analysis argued that the ideals of social interventions cannot be different from a society’s inherent and attributed meanings to realities, as well as how they engage with their everyday realities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Obayi, Bennycharles A
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Collective behavior , Sustainable biodiversity -- Nigeria , Biodiversity conservation -- Nigeria
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5277 , vital:20835
- Description: The central thesis of this study addresses biodiversity challenges from a social relations perspective. This is viewed from the standpoint of enhancing sustainable bioresource-use systems from a behaviour change departure. The study reviewed the activities of organisations in Nigeria which focus on bioresource management. The review focused on how the organisations view, conceive and implement activities which aim to address biodiversity loss emphasising how these aspects inform the concept of programme design, planning and implementation. The strategies were weighed against theories and techniques in behaviour change. The study argues that it should be recognised that the challenges of biodiversity loss have a strong relationship with how a society is socially constructed, and that addressing the challenges will require a systematic approach aimed at social construction, using efficient techniques to ensure behaviour change. The objective of the study was to acquire insight on how programmes which aim at addressing biodiversity loss in Nigeria approached behaviour change towards sustainable bioresource-use practise. The study captured these insights in a set of themes which provided an improved analysis on the dynamics of behaviour change and biodiversity management in Nigeria as well as extrapolated these findings to articulate new ideas on how to address the challenges of biodiversity loss in Nigeria. Through analysing basic suppositions and exposing contradictions, social science disciplines examine the credibility of arguments and key concepts that commonly remain unquestioned. Based on this premise, critical assumptions on biodiversity management were challenged by the study. Furthermore, the study articulated questions which have been raised in recent years from a variety of social science perspectives on biodiversity management concerns. The study postulated the need for biodiversity management to be approached from a social-construct perspective in rethinking the discourse on unsustainable bioresource-use patterns. The thesis derives from an eco-sociology framework rooted in human interaction analysis, which is connected with approaches in the social science of functionalism and behaviourism. The concepts and ideas discussed in the thesis lay out the main dimensions relevant to the discourse on behaviour change-biodiversity management. The study’s conceptual and theoretical underpinning discussed biodiversity management concerns from a global context and narrowed the discussion down to country specific contexts. Within these contexts, the study discussed issues of policies, legal systems, political and social systems, practices and programme activities, as part of management concerns. The study compiled relevant views on conservation and protection practises which were in line with internationally accepted norms and practises on biodiversity management. It highlights the challenges of current practises which emphasise strengthening of legal frameworks, policies and practises, and which criminalise actions that contravene ideally-construed conservation precepts as best models of addressing biodiversity loss. It further discussed the emphasis placed on protected-area systems as the main model of biodiversity conservation and argued on the need to rethink the approach within the Nigerian context. The study articulates the role of sociology in ecological discourse and argues that although the knowledge gained by physical and biological sciences are essential in addressing ecological challenges, however, they are not sufficient to understand the driving forces underlying ecological challenges and the phenomenon fundamental to understanding trends and patterns of human factors in biodiversity loss. The study was explored within the methodological framework of phenomenology as the underpinning paradigm using a qualitative approach for analysis. The layouts of the thesis ensure that the research moves from theoretical and conceptual reflections to the actualities of lived realities and situated practices embedded in biodiversity management in Nigeria. The conceptual inclination for the theoretical base for the study analysis was postulated, which articulate the study’s scientific and empirical contributions. The survey method reflects exploratory analytical inquiry which supported the study’s methodological considerations. This was based on the specific data chosen for review, which was informed by the selected organisation’s application of social-construct concepts. Considered from a national perspective, the study assumed that issues of biodiversity management concerns were not to be separated from everyday social realities and the larger social challenges. In view of this consideration, the study analysis looked at historical, political and socio-economic backdrops in Nigeria, which reflected on bioresource-use practises. These are relevant to understand the dynamics and interplay of culture and values in bioresource-use patterns. The study builds on diverse arrays of global frameworks to integrate the major findings of the study. These were compared with related and different dimensions as well as existing theories of human-bioresource interactions. The first aspect of the empirical analysis explored conceptual dimensions which raised questions concerning perceptions of reality and social values that were linked to the strategies of social-constructs expressed through policies, plans and practices. The study’s fundamental empirical dimension explored the forms in which programmes and social institutions were relevant in ensuring behaviour change towards sustainable bioresource-use practise. The analytical sequences observed trends which support facilitation of social change through behaviour change. Another aspect of the empirical analysis focused on revealing the processional dynamics of programme activities to achieve set objectives. This was analysed from the methodical perspective of how the processes were monitored and measured in order to achieve anticipated outcomes. The study summarised the findings and the outcomes by outlining the themes which emerged from the research. The study analysis argued that the ideals of social interventions cannot be different from a society’s inherent and attributed meanings to realities, as well as how they engage with their everyday realities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Assisting in-service grade R teachers to nurture the holistic development of the five to seven year old child through music : a participatory approach
- Authors: Cloete, Erna Petronella
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: School music -- Instruction and study -- South Africa , Early childhood education , Music -- Instruction and study
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: vital:8530 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021177
- Description: Music’s significant contribution to the holistic development of the young learner is uncontested and confirmed by views of seminal scholars, such as Nzewi 2003, Reimer 2003, Nussbaum 2001, Elliot 1994 and Merriam 1964, amongst others. As such, music education supports basic values of self-growth, self-knowledge and enjoyment. This study argues for the vital importance of music education in Grade R in the South African schooling system where teachers can successfully implement the curriculum. In post-apartheid multicultural and multi-musical South Africa music education in Grade R is the sole responsibility of the generalist Grade R teacher. However, due to inadequate training and minimal, unproductive in-service initiatives, the vast majority of Reception Year teachers assumingly do not have the required competences to teach music in a way that maximally enhances the holistic development of their learners. Findings revealed that teachers exhibited limited, if any, musical knowledge and per se, they are insufficiently skilled in the effective delivery of the curriculum in terms of music. This study acknowledges the need to equip in-service Grade R teachers with the required competences to effectively implement the national school and teach music with confidence. The lack of successful and effective continuing professional teacher development initiatives from the Department of Education and Department of Basic Education to assist Grade R teachers in teaching music, was a serious concern to me. This concern reinforced the motivation to embark on this project. In this thesis, I report on an intervention strategy aimed at enabling three Grade R practitioners at one peri- urban township school in the Eastern Cape to improve their music education competencies. These three Coloured ladies only held a Certificate in Early Childhood Development, rating at an NQF level 4 and 5. None of these practitioners had any prior music experience in music training, music making or music teaching. I utilised a Participatory Action Learning and Action Research (PALAR). PALAR combines research with development and is thus highly suitable when addressing multifaceted problems in rapidly changing environments, such as South Africa. In my study, the participants were thus actively involved in identifying problems and creating solutions. A number of collaborative interactions and qualitative data generation strategies such as Focus Group Interviews, Observations, Drawing, Interviews, Narrative Inquiry, Case Study and Reflective Journals were implemented. Findings indicated that the practitioners experienced transformation on both a professional and personal level as they discovered and tapped into their own innate musical competences. This enabled them to explore ways to teach music that enhanced the holistic development of their learners, developing them physically, cognitively emotionally, socially, and musically. Learners likewise benefitted from the intervention as they experienced social cohesion in a multicultural classroom and gained the fruits of music’s remedial impact and therapeutic value in their lives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Cloete, Erna Petronella
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: School music -- Instruction and study -- South Africa , Early childhood education , Music -- Instruction and study
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: vital:8530 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021177
- Description: Music’s significant contribution to the holistic development of the young learner is uncontested and confirmed by views of seminal scholars, such as Nzewi 2003, Reimer 2003, Nussbaum 2001, Elliot 1994 and Merriam 1964, amongst others. As such, music education supports basic values of self-growth, self-knowledge and enjoyment. This study argues for the vital importance of music education in Grade R in the South African schooling system where teachers can successfully implement the curriculum. In post-apartheid multicultural and multi-musical South Africa music education in Grade R is the sole responsibility of the generalist Grade R teacher. However, due to inadequate training and minimal, unproductive in-service initiatives, the vast majority of Reception Year teachers assumingly do not have the required competences to teach music in a way that maximally enhances the holistic development of their learners. Findings revealed that teachers exhibited limited, if any, musical knowledge and per se, they are insufficiently skilled in the effective delivery of the curriculum in terms of music. This study acknowledges the need to equip in-service Grade R teachers with the required competences to effectively implement the national school and teach music with confidence. The lack of successful and effective continuing professional teacher development initiatives from the Department of Education and Department of Basic Education to assist Grade R teachers in teaching music, was a serious concern to me. This concern reinforced the motivation to embark on this project. In this thesis, I report on an intervention strategy aimed at enabling three Grade R practitioners at one peri- urban township school in the Eastern Cape to improve their music education competencies. These three Coloured ladies only held a Certificate in Early Childhood Development, rating at an NQF level 4 and 5. None of these practitioners had any prior music experience in music training, music making or music teaching. I utilised a Participatory Action Learning and Action Research (PALAR). PALAR combines research with development and is thus highly suitable when addressing multifaceted problems in rapidly changing environments, such as South Africa. In my study, the participants were thus actively involved in identifying problems and creating solutions. A number of collaborative interactions and qualitative data generation strategies such as Focus Group Interviews, Observations, Drawing, Interviews, Narrative Inquiry, Case Study and Reflective Journals were implemented. Findings indicated that the practitioners experienced transformation on both a professional and personal level as they discovered and tapped into their own innate musical competences. This enabled them to explore ways to teach music that enhanced the holistic development of their learners, developing them physically, cognitively emotionally, socially, and musically. Learners likewise benefitted from the intervention as they experienced social cohesion in a multicultural classroom and gained the fruits of music’s remedial impact and therapeutic value in their lives.
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- Date Issued: 2015