Organisational justice as a moderator in the relationship between turnover intention and organisational citizenship behaviour among nurses in Eastern Cape Province
- Majali, Thobela Goodman https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9673-4380
- Authors: Majali, Thobela Goodman https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9673-4380
- Date: 2022-05
- Subjects: Organizational behavior -- South Africa , Organizational justice -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master'stheses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26830 , vital:66034
- Description: Orientation: Out of 121 professional nurses who worked in the public sector between 2002 and 2005, 104 of them left to work for private facilities in South Africa. In an era distinguished by turbulent changes in business industry due to factors such as globalisation, organisations are trying by all means to achieve competitive advantage. Many researchers have pointed organisational justice as a survival aspect for several companies. Nevertheless, internal organisational feature like organisational citizenship behaviour and turnover intention need a carefully consideration as they influence the degree of organisational justice within the organisation. Research purpose: The objective of this study was to empirically investigate the inter-relationship between turnover intention and the organisational citizenship behaviour of nurses in selected hospitals within the Chris Hani District, using organisational justice as the moderator. Motivation for the study: Most organisations struggle to retain workers, increase job satisfaction, commitment of employees, and obtain a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Poor working conditions such as poor leadership and governance, increased workload, lack of promotion, inadequate resources and limited opportunities for career development have negatively affected employee retention and increased turnover intention in the public healthcare sector. Research design, approach, and method: A questionnaire was used as a method for data collection, and it was administered to a sample of 298 respondents at selected hospitals in Chris Hani District. Random sampling was used to select respondents. Main findings: Multiple linear regression analysis was applied in testing the statistical significance of the relationship among variables of the study. The findings showed a significant moderating impact of organisational justice on the correlation between turnover intention and organisational citizenship behaviour. Practical implication: The findings demonstrated that managers need to design HR strategies to enhance and warrant employee perception of organisational justice and fairness to elevate the level of organisational citizenship behaviour and decrease turnover intention in the organisation and leading to higher productivity. Contribution: The findings of this study showed that organisational justice and organisational citizenship behaviour have a negative significant effect on employee turnover intention. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-05
- Authors: Majali, Thobela Goodman https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9673-4380
- Date: 2022-05
- Subjects: Organizational behavior -- South Africa , Organizational justice -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master'stheses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26830 , vital:66034
- Description: Orientation: Out of 121 professional nurses who worked in the public sector between 2002 and 2005, 104 of them left to work for private facilities in South Africa. In an era distinguished by turbulent changes in business industry due to factors such as globalisation, organisations are trying by all means to achieve competitive advantage. Many researchers have pointed organisational justice as a survival aspect for several companies. Nevertheless, internal organisational feature like organisational citizenship behaviour and turnover intention need a carefully consideration as they influence the degree of organisational justice within the organisation. Research purpose: The objective of this study was to empirically investigate the inter-relationship between turnover intention and the organisational citizenship behaviour of nurses in selected hospitals within the Chris Hani District, using organisational justice as the moderator. Motivation for the study: Most organisations struggle to retain workers, increase job satisfaction, commitment of employees, and obtain a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Poor working conditions such as poor leadership and governance, increased workload, lack of promotion, inadequate resources and limited opportunities for career development have negatively affected employee retention and increased turnover intention in the public healthcare sector. Research design, approach, and method: A questionnaire was used as a method for data collection, and it was administered to a sample of 298 respondents at selected hospitals in Chris Hani District. Random sampling was used to select respondents. Main findings: Multiple linear regression analysis was applied in testing the statistical significance of the relationship among variables of the study. The findings showed a significant moderating impact of organisational justice on the correlation between turnover intention and organisational citizenship behaviour. Practical implication: The findings demonstrated that managers need to design HR strategies to enhance and warrant employee perception of organisational justice and fairness to elevate the level of organisational citizenship behaviour and decrease turnover intention in the organisation and leading to higher productivity. Contribution: The findings of this study showed that organisational justice and organisational citizenship behaviour have a negative significant effect on employee turnover intention. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-05
The contribution of cultural and creative industries towards sustainable livelihoods in the Eastern Cape (2009-2019)
- Authors: Ngwane, Ayanda
- Date: 2022-05
- Subjects: Poor--Services for. , Poverty--South Africa.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22185 , vital:51995
- Description: This research is focused on the premise that Creative and Cultural Industries (CCIs) can be a precondition for the attainment of sustainable livelihoods. It follows, logically, that the efficient and effective implementation of CCIs has potential in transforming the well-being of those involved in the industries as evidence points to the notion that the CCIs can help deal with the persistent challenges of unemployment and poverty. Without effective and efficient implementation, and the political will to support such industries in the South African context, the potential of CCIs in improving the livelihoods of citizens will not be realised. Given the limitations levelled against the policy implementation and the processes involved in support for creative industries in South Africa, the qualitative method was used as an investigative strategy to gain a deeper understanding of CCIs and its general contribution on sustainable livelihoods in the Eastern Cape Province. The findings indicate that there is a basis for a creative economy in the Eastern Cape Province that can be improved by properly concerted action by all actors. There is a foundation for the development of innovative goods and services that could promote the integration of the Province into the global economy. So far, the outcome of this research points to the direction of offering knowledge of the way to realize the potential of Eastern Cape Province`s creative industries. More so, the study also highlights the importance of the creative economy in fostering growth guided by trade and attaining sustainable livelihoods in the process. , Thesis (MPA) -- University of Fort Hare, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-05
- Authors: Ngwane, Ayanda
- Date: 2022-05
- Subjects: Poor--Services for. , Poverty--South Africa.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22185 , vital:51995
- Description: This research is focused on the premise that Creative and Cultural Industries (CCIs) can be a precondition for the attainment of sustainable livelihoods. It follows, logically, that the efficient and effective implementation of CCIs has potential in transforming the well-being of those involved in the industries as evidence points to the notion that the CCIs can help deal with the persistent challenges of unemployment and poverty. Without effective and efficient implementation, and the political will to support such industries in the South African context, the potential of CCIs in improving the livelihoods of citizens will not be realised. Given the limitations levelled against the policy implementation and the processes involved in support for creative industries in South Africa, the qualitative method was used as an investigative strategy to gain a deeper understanding of CCIs and its general contribution on sustainable livelihoods in the Eastern Cape Province. The findings indicate that there is a basis for a creative economy in the Eastern Cape Province that can be improved by properly concerted action by all actors. There is a foundation for the development of innovative goods and services that could promote the integration of the Province into the global economy. So far, the outcome of this research points to the direction of offering knowledge of the way to realize the potential of Eastern Cape Province`s creative industries. More so, the study also highlights the importance of the creative economy in fostering growth guided by trade and attaining sustainable livelihoods in the process. , Thesis (MPA) -- University of Fort Hare, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-05
The influence of ethical leadership in the municipal administration: a case of Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Authors: Singanto, Nkosiyabo King
- Date: 2022-05
- Subjects: Municipal government--South Africa--Leadership , Leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23392 , vital:57633
- Description: The South Africa local government is confronted by ethical leadership challenges due to unethical practices by public functionaries and elected representatives in municipalities. The elected representatives are entrusted by legislation to take decisions and municipal officials are expected to implement the decisions taken by the municipal councilin an ethical manner, without fear, favour or prejudice on behalf of their communities. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon being studied. Data was collected using a structured Likert Scale interview questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions. The theories of virtue, deontology and utilitarianism were selected in this study to try to understand the concept of ethics and its relevance to answering the research questions developed for this research.. Among the key findings were that the research has shown that unethical behaviour in municipalities has a direct influence on service delivery and the functioning of municipal administration. It also showed that, despite the plethora of legislation that governs the behaviour of municipal leaders, the municipalities continue to face unethical challenges of corruption, fraud and maladministration. The findings also pointed to a failure by those who are supposed to implement the code of conduct and hold the perpetrators of unethical deeds accountable. Poor consequence management has been seen, inter alia, to be at the heart of the problem. The research reveals a need for the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality to explore the ways to enforce ethical leadership in the municipality. While the study is limited to the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, the following are recommended to mitigate the scourge: provide ethics training for municipal officials and councillors; set minimum qualifications for councillors; and cautiously, extend the application of the findings and recommendations of this research to other municipalities in South Africa as the problem, whilst researched in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, is spread across all municipalities in South Africa. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-05
- Authors: Singanto, Nkosiyabo King
- Date: 2022-05
- Subjects: Municipal government--South Africa--Leadership , Leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23392 , vital:57633
- Description: The South Africa local government is confronted by ethical leadership challenges due to unethical practices by public functionaries and elected representatives in municipalities. The elected representatives are entrusted by legislation to take decisions and municipal officials are expected to implement the decisions taken by the municipal councilin an ethical manner, without fear, favour or prejudice on behalf of their communities. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon being studied. Data was collected using a structured Likert Scale interview questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions. The theories of virtue, deontology and utilitarianism were selected in this study to try to understand the concept of ethics and its relevance to answering the research questions developed for this research.. Among the key findings were that the research has shown that unethical behaviour in municipalities has a direct influence on service delivery and the functioning of municipal administration. It also showed that, despite the plethora of legislation that governs the behaviour of municipal leaders, the municipalities continue to face unethical challenges of corruption, fraud and maladministration. The findings also pointed to a failure by those who are supposed to implement the code of conduct and hold the perpetrators of unethical deeds accountable. Poor consequence management has been seen, inter alia, to be at the heart of the problem. The research reveals a need for the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality to explore the ways to enforce ethical leadership in the municipality. While the study is limited to the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, the following are recommended to mitigate the scourge: provide ethics training for municipal officials and councillors; set minimum qualifications for councillors; and cautiously, extend the application of the findings and recommendations of this research to other municipalities in South Africa as the problem, whilst researched in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, is spread across all municipalities in South Africa. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-05
A framework to prepare an information security awareness and training programme for a provincial government department in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.
- Authors: Potelwa, Zandile
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Information technology--Security measures. , Employees--Training of. , Data encryption (Computer science)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22289 , vital:52016
- Description: Provincial government departments do not have good audit reports on the information security section. The underlying issues are human factors associated with employee interaction with Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The problem to be addressed is how a provincial government needs to focus on employees’ information security awareness so that there is a residual improvement in information security culture to realise unqualified government audits for information security. A case study approach that focused on the provincial government departments in the Eastern Cape Province was used. The primary data was collected using semi-structured interviews containing questions related to information security awareness. Microsoft Teams was used to conduct online semi-structured interviews with 12 provincial government IT staff from two identified provincial departments. The data was analysed using thematic analysis and MS Excel for coding. The findings then were used to determine the outcome of this study which is the framework for preparing an information security awareness programme. The outcome of the study was achieved by condensing the themes that emerged in both the primary and secondary data. The framework was then explained as a way of recommending the importance of preparing information security awareness and training programmes in changing information security behaviour. The derived artefact of this study is an information security awareness framework that can be utilised in a provincial government department to increase the awareness of information security amongst government employees. The contribution of this study is a framework based on the Protection Motivation Theory and the Organisational Culture, to ascertain employees’ actions in relation to information risks and threats; requirements for preparing an information security awareness program for public sector employees and to determine the requirements to be considered when building information security culture in provincial government departments. The proposed framework can then be used to establish an information security culture within the government departments, which will mitigate security risks and threats. The significance of this study as per the constructs of ISA and training show that it can challenge thinking of how ISA can be prepared for not only provincial government but also for state-owned entities or local government. , Thesis (MCom) (Information Systems) -- University of Fort Hare, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
- Authors: Potelwa, Zandile
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Information technology--Security measures. , Employees--Training of. , Data encryption (Computer science)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22289 , vital:52016
- Description: Provincial government departments do not have good audit reports on the information security section. The underlying issues are human factors associated with employee interaction with Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The problem to be addressed is how a provincial government needs to focus on employees’ information security awareness so that there is a residual improvement in information security culture to realise unqualified government audits for information security. A case study approach that focused on the provincial government departments in the Eastern Cape Province was used. The primary data was collected using semi-structured interviews containing questions related to information security awareness. Microsoft Teams was used to conduct online semi-structured interviews with 12 provincial government IT staff from two identified provincial departments. The data was analysed using thematic analysis and MS Excel for coding. The findings then were used to determine the outcome of this study which is the framework for preparing an information security awareness programme. The outcome of the study was achieved by condensing the themes that emerged in both the primary and secondary data. The framework was then explained as a way of recommending the importance of preparing information security awareness and training programmes in changing information security behaviour. The derived artefact of this study is an information security awareness framework that can be utilised in a provincial government department to increase the awareness of information security amongst government employees. The contribution of this study is a framework based on the Protection Motivation Theory and the Organisational Culture, to ascertain employees’ actions in relation to information risks and threats; requirements for preparing an information security awareness program for public sector employees and to determine the requirements to be considered when building information security culture in provincial government departments. The proposed framework can then be used to establish an information security culture within the government departments, which will mitigate security risks and threats. The significance of this study as per the constructs of ISA and training show that it can challenge thinking of how ISA can be prepared for not only provincial government but also for state-owned entities or local government. , Thesis (MCom) (Information Systems) -- University of Fort Hare, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
An analysis of the internship programme in the Sarah Baartman Health District of the Eastern Cape: a model for effective implementation
- Authors: Feni, Monde Ludick
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Internship programs , Public service employment , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23359 , vital:57617
- Description: The study’s main purpose was to evaluate the processes for Internship Programme Implementation in the Sarah Baartman Health District of the Eastern Cape Department of Health, to determine a Model that can be postulated for improving the Internship Programme Implementation in the Sarah Baartman Health District, wide Public Service and Private Sector. An empirical Study reveals the process for the Internship Programme Implementation has been marred with a significant number of challenges. As part of the recommendations, it was highly stressed that the Sarah Baartman Health District must adopt and embrace the Internship Programme Implementation Model in Figure 6.1 to effectively implement the Internship Programme as a means to deal with the challenges. Data was collected by the investigator from four main groups within the Sarah Baartman Health District. These were Senior Managers, Corporate Services Managers, Mentors, current and past interns. All these groups were directly involved in the internships in the Sarah Baartman Health District Health Department. The investigator got accurate and verified reflections, experiences and understandings of four constructs surrounding the internship programme and they include recruitment and employment of Interns using Best Practices, Training and Development Programmes for Interns Training, Performance Management and Development System for Interns and Mentoring as a Tool to Transfer Knowledge, Skills, Competencies and Attitudes required to Perform Optimally. During interviews, the researcher requested permission from the participants to record their responses digitally. This was done to make sure that no data was lost during the writing of responses from the participants. The questionnaires that were distributed to the interns and mentors had closed-ended questions, but the validity of the questionnaire was ensured by having a space for comments under each question to allow participants to support their answers. An analysis of the questionnaire was done by employing Microsoft Excel and statistics that are descriptive and inferential. The study findings revealed that the recruitment and employment of interns using best practices had a mean score above the required mean of 3, meaning that it is applied acceptably. As much as the construct is acceptable and meets the standard, the item in the construct that pertained to security checks for interns was not done and this is a worrying factor, meaning that the recruitment and employment of interns might be at risk of bringing in interns into the programme who are risky for the organisation. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
- Authors: Feni, Monde Ludick
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Internship programs , Public service employment , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23359 , vital:57617
- Description: The study’s main purpose was to evaluate the processes for Internship Programme Implementation in the Sarah Baartman Health District of the Eastern Cape Department of Health, to determine a Model that can be postulated for improving the Internship Programme Implementation in the Sarah Baartman Health District, wide Public Service and Private Sector. An empirical Study reveals the process for the Internship Programme Implementation has been marred with a significant number of challenges. As part of the recommendations, it was highly stressed that the Sarah Baartman Health District must adopt and embrace the Internship Programme Implementation Model in Figure 6.1 to effectively implement the Internship Programme as a means to deal with the challenges. Data was collected by the investigator from four main groups within the Sarah Baartman Health District. These were Senior Managers, Corporate Services Managers, Mentors, current and past interns. All these groups were directly involved in the internships in the Sarah Baartman Health District Health Department. The investigator got accurate and verified reflections, experiences and understandings of four constructs surrounding the internship programme and they include recruitment and employment of Interns using Best Practices, Training and Development Programmes for Interns Training, Performance Management and Development System for Interns and Mentoring as a Tool to Transfer Knowledge, Skills, Competencies and Attitudes required to Perform Optimally. During interviews, the researcher requested permission from the participants to record their responses digitally. This was done to make sure that no data was lost during the writing of responses from the participants. The questionnaires that were distributed to the interns and mentors had closed-ended questions, but the validity of the questionnaire was ensured by having a space for comments under each question to allow participants to support their answers. An analysis of the questionnaire was done by employing Microsoft Excel and statistics that are descriptive and inferential. The study findings revealed that the recruitment and employment of interns using best practices had a mean score above the required mean of 3, meaning that it is applied acceptably. As much as the construct is acceptable and meets the standard, the item in the construct that pertained to security checks for interns was not done and this is a worrying factor, meaning that the recruitment and employment of interns might be at risk of bringing in interns into the programme who are risky for the organisation. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
An assessment of the impact of the Expanded Public Works Programme on youth empowerment in Amathole District Municipality, Eastern Cape.
- Authors: Ntamo, Banele
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Public works.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22220 , vital:51999
- Description: Since the dawn of democracy in 1994, the government of the Republic of South Africa (RSA) has launched numerous development programmes. These include youth empowerment initiatives aimed at developing the capacity of the youth in order for them to contribute to the economy. Optimistic prospects for any country depend on developing its young people. The measures to drive youth-focused delivery and to ensure youth development ought to move further than the establishment of structures and the delivering of policy statements. Government departments and municipalities are expected to implement meaningful youth empowerment programmes and ventures that are visible and that are adequately monitored. This study explored and assessed the effects of the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) on youth empowerment. It used a case study of Amathole District in the Eastern Cape, South Africa province. The study utilised the qualitative technique to provide solutions to the research problem and to provide responses to the research hypothesis of the study. The sample comprised ten public representatives and thirty youth beneficiaries. In line with the purposive sampling approach, two sets of data were generated: the first set from public managers of the programme, and the second from programme beneficiaries. The researcher made use of the qualitative thematic content analysis approach, where data was analysed to arrive at emerging themes. The study was delimited to the effects of EPWP on youth empowerment. It was also limited to Amathole District within the Eastern Cape province. The results showed that most of the beneficiaries were engaged on a period of 1 to 12 months. This shows that most of participants were not engaged for viable and long periods, which they would need to truly increase their financial or monetary position in their households and have ample time to attain expertise. The results further indicated that in some cases the EPWP provides financial and income support to beneficiaries, but in some it does not. In general, the results showed that the EPWP reduces poverty because participants are able to look after their families and relatives after taking part in the EPWP. However, the training and skills participants attained in the EPWP interventions did not help them find employment elsewhere. This is linked to the findings that showed that beneficiaries were not provided with training certificates. Therefore, to enhance the execution of the EPWP and speed up poverty reduction, equity and joblessness in South Africa, the study recommends that ECDPW in ADM Area should design projects/programmes that are attractive to youth and that will equip them with necessary skills to empower youth to participant in the job market after the leave the programme. Furthermore, the study also recommends that the ECDPW in ADM Area consider public private partnership (PPP) for additional funding for the provision of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) and training to participants. , Thesis (MPA) -- University of Fort Hare, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
- Authors: Ntamo, Banele
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Public works.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22220 , vital:51999
- Description: Since the dawn of democracy in 1994, the government of the Republic of South Africa (RSA) has launched numerous development programmes. These include youth empowerment initiatives aimed at developing the capacity of the youth in order for them to contribute to the economy. Optimistic prospects for any country depend on developing its young people. The measures to drive youth-focused delivery and to ensure youth development ought to move further than the establishment of structures and the delivering of policy statements. Government departments and municipalities are expected to implement meaningful youth empowerment programmes and ventures that are visible and that are adequately monitored. This study explored and assessed the effects of the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) on youth empowerment. It used a case study of Amathole District in the Eastern Cape, South Africa province. The study utilised the qualitative technique to provide solutions to the research problem and to provide responses to the research hypothesis of the study. The sample comprised ten public representatives and thirty youth beneficiaries. In line with the purposive sampling approach, two sets of data were generated: the first set from public managers of the programme, and the second from programme beneficiaries. The researcher made use of the qualitative thematic content analysis approach, where data was analysed to arrive at emerging themes. The study was delimited to the effects of EPWP on youth empowerment. It was also limited to Amathole District within the Eastern Cape province. The results showed that most of the beneficiaries were engaged on a period of 1 to 12 months. This shows that most of participants were not engaged for viable and long periods, which they would need to truly increase their financial or monetary position in their households and have ample time to attain expertise. The results further indicated that in some cases the EPWP provides financial and income support to beneficiaries, but in some it does not. In general, the results showed that the EPWP reduces poverty because participants are able to look after their families and relatives after taking part in the EPWP. However, the training and skills participants attained in the EPWP interventions did not help them find employment elsewhere. This is linked to the findings that showed that beneficiaries were not provided with training certificates. Therefore, to enhance the execution of the EPWP and speed up poverty reduction, equity and joblessness in South Africa, the study recommends that ECDPW in ADM Area should design projects/programmes that are attractive to youth and that will equip them with necessary skills to empower youth to participant in the job market after the leave the programme. Furthermore, the study also recommends that the ECDPW in ADM Area consider public private partnership (PPP) for additional funding for the provision of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) and training to participants. , Thesis (MPA) -- University of Fort Hare, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
An assessment of the role of Education Development (EDO) officers in promoting quality teaching and learning in selected secondary schools in the King Williams Town (KWT) District
- Mbande - Kwayini, Busisiwe Grissel
- Authors: Mbande - Kwayini, Busisiwe Grissel
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Education, Higher--South Africa. , School management and organization--South Africa. , Effective teaching.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22099 , vital:51983
- Description: Globally, concern have been raised against the quality of teaching and learning driven by international institution such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and agenda of the Education for All policy. In South Africa, the QTL in secondary school remains low and compromised despite the implementation of EFA policy and use of EDOs in South Africa generally and King Williams Town (KWT) in particular. The drive of this study is to assess the role played by EDOs in supporting QTL in selected secondary schools in King Williams Town District. The study used a qualitative approach, a case study design was followed and the case in point for this study is EDOs in KWT district. Their roles where assessed between two secondary schools namely Enoch Sontonga high school and Nosizwe high school. Ten (10) interviews using face-to face and telephonic method. The study managed to conduct five face-to-face interviews among EDOs as they were conveniently located during a period of workshops in the circuit and two educators and three principals were interviewed electronically. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used to select participants. Using the Popper’s theory of learning perspective the study found out that quality teaching and learning in KWT schools is dependent on factors such as time on task, scope of learning, learning environment, teaching methods and strategies, support and monitoring programmes, the teacher preparedness and their motivation and availability of attractive incentives to retain quality practitioners in their classrooms. The study found out that presently the EDOs are performing various roles such as offering support to the SMT through helping them understand their function within the school and the broader education system and helping in developing systems for monitoring and recording progress made by learners towards achievement of targets set. However, there are challenges encountered by EDOs when supporting schools to improve the QTL that were discussed namely, lack of human resources and material resources; educator resistance; non-academic activities; learner and teacher absenteeism; programmes alignment; and work overload. These challenges can be addressed using strategies such as human resources training and recruitment; programmes coordination and stakeholder cooperation; transport provision; consequence management; attitude change and policy alignment and implementation. The study recommends investment in leadership, Monitoring and evaluation, stakeholder engagement and training. , Thesis (MPA) -- University of Fort Hare, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
- Authors: Mbande - Kwayini, Busisiwe Grissel
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Education, Higher--South Africa. , School management and organization--South Africa. , Effective teaching.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22099 , vital:51983
- Description: Globally, concern have been raised against the quality of teaching and learning driven by international institution such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and agenda of the Education for All policy. In South Africa, the QTL in secondary school remains low and compromised despite the implementation of EFA policy and use of EDOs in South Africa generally and King Williams Town (KWT) in particular. The drive of this study is to assess the role played by EDOs in supporting QTL in selected secondary schools in King Williams Town District. The study used a qualitative approach, a case study design was followed and the case in point for this study is EDOs in KWT district. Their roles where assessed between two secondary schools namely Enoch Sontonga high school and Nosizwe high school. Ten (10) interviews using face-to face and telephonic method. The study managed to conduct five face-to-face interviews among EDOs as they were conveniently located during a period of workshops in the circuit and two educators and three principals were interviewed electronically. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used to select participants. Using the Popper’s theory of learning perspective the study found out that quality teaching and learning in KWT schools is dependent on factors such as time on task, scope of learning, learning environment, teaching methods and strategies, support and monitoring programmes, the teacher preparedness and their motivation and availability of attractive incentives to retain quality practitioners in their classrooms. The study found out that presently the EDOs are performing various roles such as offering support to the SMT through helping them understand their function within the school and the broader education system and helping in developing systems for monitoring and recording progress made by learners towards achievement of targets set. However, there are challenges encountered by EDOs when supporting schools to improve the QTL that were discussed namely, lack of human resources and material resources; educator resistance; non-academic activities; learner and teacher absenteeism; programmes alignment; and work overload. These challenges can be addressed using strategies such as human resources training and recruitment; programmes coordination and stakeholder cooperation; transport provision; consequence management; attitude change and policy alignment and implementation. The study recommends investment in leadership, Monitoring and evaluation, stakeholder engagement and training. , Thesis (MPA) -- University of Fort Hare, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
An investigation of a nexus between employee skill development and competences in the Eastern Cape Department of Education
- Authors: Gcezengana, Gcotyelwa
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Employees--Training of. , Public administration. , Public employees.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21886 , vital:51840
- Description: Better access to high-quality and relevant skills development is essential if South Africa is to achieve its National Development Plan (NDP) 2030 goals. The importance of training opportunities in promoting competence cannot be overstated. Equipping the workforce with the skills needed is a strategic priority for all developing countries’ national growth and progress. This paper seeks to investigate a nexus between employee skills development and competence in the Eastern Cape Department of Education (ECDoE). The paper employed a qualitative research technique and the explanatory research design to achieve its desired objectives. The results of the paper confirmed that skills training and development strategy, when implemented by institutions, ensures that staff is empowered, informed, and taught, which results in better efficiency and effectiveness. In this situation, spin-offs will benefit public organizations since employees’ increased abilities open new opportunities for long-term employment growth and organizational effectiveness. Furthermore, the knowledgeable and well-trained individual would make sound organizational decisions while successfully listening to the clients' problems. The benefits will flow down to the areas where these organizations are headquartered, and the improved image will be the goal for the ECDoE. The conclusion drawn is that Skills Development Act aims to provide skills to the South African workforce, ensure that employees have more opportunities for skill acquisition, provide opportunities for new entrants to gain work experience. The ECDoE should invest more in skills development to increase the competencies of its employees. This will guarantee the achievement of its aims and objectives, through competent employees. , Thesis (MPA) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
- Authors: Gcezengana, Gcotyelwa
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Employees--Training of. , Public administration. , Public employees.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21886 , vital:51840
- Description: Better access to high-quality and relevant skills development is essential if South Africa is to achieve its National Development Plan (NDP) 2030 goals. The importance of training opportunities in promoting competence cannot be overstated. Equipping the workforce with the skills needed is a strategic priority for all developing countries’ national growth and progress. This paper seeks to investigate a nexus between employee skills development and competence in the Eastern Cape Department of Education (ECDoE). The paper employed a qualitative research technique and the explanatory research design to achieve its desired objectives. The results of the paper confirmed that skills training and development strategy, when implemented by institutions, ensures that staff is empowered, informed, and taught, which results in better efficiency and effectiveness. In this situation, spin-offs will benefit public organizations since employees’ increased abilities open new opportunities for long-term employment growth and organizational effectiveness. Furthermore, the knowledgeable and well-trained individual would make sound organizational decisions while successfully listening to the clients' problems. The benefits will flow down to the areas where these organizations are headquartered, and the improved image will be the goal for the ECDoE. The conclusion drawn is that Skills Development Act aims to provide skills to the South African workforce, ensure that employees have more opportunities for skill acquisition, provide opportunities for new entrants to gain work experience. The ECDoE should invest more in skills development to increase the competencies of its employees. This will guarantee the achievement of its aims and objectives, through competent employees. , Thesis (MPA) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investments into the Southern African Development Community Region: The case of financial sector development, institutional quality and financial openness
- Authors: Makalima, Sisonke
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Investments, Foreign -- Africa , International finance , Monetary policy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21954 , vital:51855
- Description: The SADC region is a 15-member states grouping. Countries in the region have experienced low growth coupled with high levels of poverty and inequality. Attracting FDI to the region has been top priority. However, much is still to be realised. The study employed the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) technique for the period 1980 to 2019. Empirical results show that financial sector development and financial openness are important determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. The results also showed that institutional quality is also a very important variable in determining the inflow of FDI, even though its effect is conditional on financial sector development and financial openness. These results imply that countries with good institutional framework, as well as a developed financial sector and are financially open tend to attract more capital inflows in the form of FDI, thereby creating adequate conditions to boost private sector and investment abroad. Countries in the SADC region should therefore pursue policies which are aimed at improving the institutional framework, the level of financial sector development and further enhance the openness of their financial openness. , Thesis (MCom,) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
- Authors: Makalima, Sisonke
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Investments, Foreign -- Africa , International finance , Monetary policy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21954 , vital:51855
- Description: The SADC region is a 15-member states grouping. Countries in the region have experienced low growth coupled with high levels of poverty and inequality. Attracting FDI to the region has been top priority. However, much is still to be realised. The study employed the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) technique for the period 1980 to 2019. Empirical results show that financial sector development and financial openness are important determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. The results also showed that institutional quality is also a very important variable in determining the inflow of FDI, even though its effect is conditional on financial sector development and financial openness. These results imply that countries with good institutional framework, as well as a developed financial sector and are financially open tend to attract more capital inflows in the form of FDI, thereby creating adequate conditions to boost private sector and investment abroad. Countries in the SADC region should therefore pursue policies which are aimed at improving the institutional framework, the level of financial sector development and further enhance the openness of their financial openness. , Thesis (MCom,) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
Determinants of foreign direct investments into the Southern African Development Community Region: the case of financial sector development, institutional quality and financial openness.
- Authors: Makalima, Sisonke
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Investments, Foreign (International law)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21948 , vital:51856
- Description: The SADC region is a 15-member states grouping. Countries in the region have experienced low growth coupled with high levels of poverty and inequality. Attracting FDI to the region has been top priority. However, much is still to be realised. The study employed the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) technique for the period 1980 to 2019. Empirical results show that financial sector development and financial openness are important determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. The results also showed that institutional quality is also a very important variable in determining the inflow of FDI, even though its effect is conditional on financial sector development and financial openness. These results imply that countries with good institutional framework, as well as a developed financial sector and are financially open tend to attract more capital inflows in the form of FDI, thereby creating adequate conditions to boost private sector and investment abroad. Countries in the SADC region should therefore pursue policies which are aimed at improving the institutional framework, the level of financial sector development and further enhance the openness of their financial openness. , Thesis (MCom) (Economics) -- University of Fort Hare, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
- Authors: Makalima, Sisonke
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Investments, Foreign (International law)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21948 , vital:51856
- Description: The SADC region is a 15-member states grouping. Countries in the region have experienced low growth coupled with high levels of poverty and inequality. Attracting FDI to the region has been top priority. However, much is still to be realised. The study employed the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) technique for the period 1980 to 2019. Empirical results show that financial sector development and financial openness are important determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. The results also showed that institutional quality is also a very important variable in determining the inflow of FDI, even though its effect is conditional on financial sector development and financial openness. These results imply that countries with good institutional framework, as well as a developed financial sector and are financially open tend to attract more capital inflows in the form of FDI, thereby creating adequate conditions to boost private sector and investment abroad. Countries in the SADC region should therefore pursue policies which are aimed at improving the institutional framework, the level of financial sector development and further enhance the openness of their financial openness. , Thesis (MCom) (Economics) -- University of Fort Hare, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
Effectiveness of Government-Wide Monitoring and Evaluation system: case of the Provincial Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Eastern Cape.
- Authors: Poti, Mthetheleli
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Organizational effectiveness--Evaluation. , Employees--Rating of. , Public administration--Evaluation.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22312 , vital:52018
- Description: Monitoring and evaluation have gained popularity due to the rising demand for the public sector to enhance both policy and project outcomes. A rising number of countries are pursuing outcomes orientation by establishing and enhancing their government's monitoring and evaluation system. The researcher discovered that the E.C DEDEAT lacks a thorough mechanism for monitoring and evaluating government performance and the effect of service delivery. As a result, the researcher set out to investigate the implementation of the GWM&E system. The study adopted a qualitative approach. Questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis were used to collect data, and a content analysis was adopted to analyze data. The study revealed that South Africa had set various legislative frameworks to support monitoring and evaluation. There is a significant shift from traditional methods of accountability towards public sector monitoring and evaluation. While this is true, the study also found out that monitoring systems are still faced with various challenges within the department. Lastly, the study proffered recommendations on how public sector monitoring and evaluation can be enhanced. , Thesis (MPA) -- University of Fort Hare, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
- Authors: Poti, Mthetheleli
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Organizational effectiveness--Evaluation. , Employees--Rating of. , Public administration--Evaluation.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22312 , vital:52018
- Description: Monitoring and evaluation have gained popularity due to the rising demand for the public sector to enhance both policy and project outcomes. A rising number of countries are pursuing outcomes orientation by establishing and enhancing their government's monitoring and evaluation system. The researcher discovered that the E.C DEDEAT lacks a thorough mechanism for monitoring and evaluating government performance and the effect of service delivery. As a result, the researcher set out to investigate the implementation of the GWM&E system. The study adopted a qualitative approach. Questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis were used to collect data, and a content analysis was adopted to analyze data. The study revealed that South Africa had set various legislative frameworks to support monitoring and evaluation. There is a significant shift from traditional methods of accountability towards public sector monitoring and evaluation. While this is true, the study also found out that monitoring systems are still faced with various challenges within the department. Lastly, the study proffered recommendations on how public sector monitoring and evaluation can be enhanced. , Thesis (MPA) -- University of Fort Hare, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
Financing tools, firm life cycle and growth of small, medium and micro enterprises in selected sub-Sahara African economies
- Ngonisa, Phillip https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0145-9062
- Authors: Ngonisa, Phillip https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0145-9062
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Small business -- Finance , Small business -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21794 , vital:51754
- Description: Finance is of paramount importance for small, medium and micro enterprises’ (SMMEs) growth, without which many firms fail to move along their growth continuum. Against this background, the study sought to examine the growth effects of financing tools across the different phases of SMMEs' life cycle in Sub Sahara Africa (SSA) economies for the period spanning from 2003 to 2019. Firstly, due to the inherent heterogeneity nature of the SMMEs' financing landscapes across the world, the study starts by identifying the commonly used financing tools in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa. These were found to be internal finance, bank debt, trade credit, non-bank finance and informal finance, with internal finance being the most prevalent financing tool. The second aspect of the study was to examine the growth effects of the identified financing tools on SMMEs' performance in Sub Sahara Africa. In achieving this objective, several panel estimation techniques were employed, which are the feasible generalised least squares (FGLS), cross-sectional dependence (SCC), random effects model (REM) and pooled ordinary least squares (POLS). The empirical results show that internal finance or savings, bank financing, trade credit, non-bank financing and informal financing are positive and statistically significant in explaining SMMEs growth in the region, with stronger evidence for a positive relationship between external finance (trade credit and bank finance) on SMMEs growth in Sub-Saharan African region. The third objective of the study was to investigate the growth effects of SMMEs’ financing tools across different phases of the firm life cycle. The same panel techniques as used in achieving the previous objective were utilized again. The empirical findings show that the growth effects of SMME financing tools evolve as SMMEs move along their growth continuum, and only bank finance proved to be a fundamental variable for SMMEs growth throughout the different phases of firm growth. Finally, motivated by SMMEs’ high dependence on internal finance or savings, the study explored the saving practices of SMMEs in Sub Saharan Africa using thematic analysis. The study findings show that SMMEs in Sub Sahara African economies systematically save through formal and informal financial systems. These findings are contrary to conventional wisdom, which suggests that SMMEs are a financial basket case. Basing on the study findings, policies aimed at reducing or lessening the burden of accessing finance are important to stimulate the growth of SMMEs. Most importantly, there is a need for lenders and sponsors to understand the firm life cycle-financing tool nexus to ensure SMMEs growth. Moreover, SMMEs in Sub Sahara African economies need to cultivate a spirit of thrift to minimize firm attrition rate, thereby promoting SMMEs' growth in the region. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
- Authors: Ngonisa, Phillip https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0145-9062
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Small business -- Finance , Small business -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21794 , vital:51754
- Description: Finance is of paramount importance for small, medium and micro enterprises’ (SMMEs) growth, without which many firms fail to move along their growth continuum. Against this background, the study sought to examine the growth effects of financing tools across the different phases of SMMEs' life cycle in Sub Sahara Africa (SSA) economies for the period spanning from 2003 to 2019. Firstly, due to the inherent heterogeneity nature of the SMMEs' financing landscapes across the world, the study starts by identifying the commonly used financing tools in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa. These were found to be internal finance, bank debt, trade credit, non-bank finance and informal finance, with internal finance being the most prevalent financing tool. The second aspect of the study was to examine the growth effects of the identified financing tools on SMMEs' performance in Sub Sahara Africa. In achieving this objective, several panel estimation techniques were employed, which are the feasible generalised least squares (FGLS), cross-sectional dependence (SCC), random effects model (REM) and pooled ordinary least squares (POLS). The empirical results show that internal finance or savings, bank financing, trade credit, non-bank financing and informal financing are positive and statistically significant in explaining SMMEs growth in the region, with stronger evidence for a positive relationship between external finance (trade credit and bank finance) on SMMEs growth in Sub-Saharan African region. The third objective of the study was to investigate the growth effects of SMMEs’ financing tools across different phases of the firm life cycle. The same panel techniques as used in achieving the previous objective were utilized again. The empirical findings show that the growth effects of SMME financing tools evolve as SMMEs move along their growth continuum, and only bank finance proved to be a fundamental variable for SMMEs growth throughout the different phases of firm growth. Finally, motivated by SMMEs’ high dependence on internal finance or savings, the study explored the saving practices of SMMEs in Sub Saharan Africa using thematic analysis. The study findings show that SMMEs in Sub Sahara African economies systematically save through formal and informal financial systems. These findings are contrary to conventional wisdom, which suggests that SMMEs are a financial basket case. Basing on the study findings, policies aimed at reducing or lessening the burden of accessing finance are important to stimulate the growth of SMMEs. Most importantly, there is a need for lenders and sponsors to understand the firm life cycle-financing tool nexus to ensure SMMEs growth. Moreover, SMMEs in Sub Sahara African economies need to cultivate a spirit of thrift to minimize firm attrition rate, thereby promoting SMMEs' growth in the region. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
The implementation of new public management principles towards effective service delivery in the Eastern Cape government
- Authors: Gwavu, Luzuko
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Performance--Management. , Public administration. , Performance--Evaluation.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21903 , vital:51841
- Description: New Public Management (NPM) is a new paradigm of public administration which highlights the failures and inadequacies of the public sector performance over time. NPM was developed in order to enhance performance and service delivery within the public sector through adopting principles of the public sector. The nature and process of the activities within the public sector and the traditional public administration have been seen as problematic. As such, the birth of NPM is grounded in the need to offer more efficient mechanisms for service delivery. This study aimed at assessing the implementation of NPM principles towards effective service delivery within the Eastern Cape government. The study was underpinned by the New Public Management Approach. A qualitative desktop review was adopted to find answers to research questions of the study. The data was evaluated qualitatively through thematic analysis. The study findings reveal that the Eastern Cape government is making strides to effectively implement NPM principles towards improving service delivery. The implemented principles are privatisation, managerialism, performance management, decentralisation and customer oriented. The effectiveness of strategies aimed at enhancing effective implementation of NPM principles for improved service delivery was also assessed. The findings show that the strategies are effective although there are some inherent issues that derail effective implementation. Poor reporting, corruption, poor management, shortage of trained managers and staff shortages were identified as challenges affecting effective implementation of NPM principles. The study recommends the need for effective implementation of anti-corruption policies as well as facilitating training and skills development. , Thesis (MPA) -- University of Fort Hare, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
- Authors: Gwavu, Luzuko
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Performance--Management. , Public administration. , Performance--Evaluation.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21903 , vital:51841
- Description: New Public Management (NPM) is a new paradigm of public administration which highlights the failures and inadequacies of the public sector performance over time. NPM was developed in order to enhance performance and service delivery within the public sector through adopting principles of the public sector. The nature and process of the activities within the public sector and the traditional public administration have been seen as problematic. As such, the birth of NPM is grounded in the need to offer more efficient mechanisms for service delivery. This study aimed at assessing the implementation of NPM principles towards effective service delivery within the Eastern Cape government. The study was underpinned by the New Public Management Approach. A qualitative desktop review was adopted to find answers to research questions of the study. The data was evaluated qualitatively through thematic analysis. The study findings reveal that the Eastern Cape government is making strides to effectively implement NPM principles towards improving service delivery. The implemented principles are privatisation, managerialism, performance management, decentralisation and customer oriented. The effectiveness of strategies aimed at enhancing effective implementation of NPM principles for improved service delivery was also assessed. The findings show that the strategies are effective although there are some inherent issues that derail effective implementation. Poor reporting, corruption, poor management, shortage of trained managers and staff shortages were identified as challenges affecting effective implementation of NPM principles. The study recommends the need for effective implementation of anti-corruption policies as well as facilitating training and skills development. , Thesis (MPA) -- University of Fort Hare, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
Water governance and social equity in South Africa: a case study of Amathole District Municipality.
- Authors: Hutete, Clarity
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Municipal water supply
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21931 , vital:51844
- Description: South Africa has reformed its water governance to remedy the prominent disparities in water service provision that resulted from the legacy of apartheid. However, despite the new policy reforms and strategies adopted, inequities in water governance remain prevalent. Those residing in marginalised and poor rural areas are the most vulnerable and highly affected by this phenomenon. While this has been attributed to several factors, such as fragmentation of the water sector and lack of capacity, among other reasons, an analysis of the literature revealed that the absence of a water governance framework for social equity is highly prevalent in the context of Amathole District Municipality (ADM) where the research was conducted. Hence, the study's main objective was to develop a water governance framework for social equity that can be utilised to advise councils and policymakers on the attainment of social equity by water service providers at the local level. The study utilised the constructivist research philosophy by adopting a qualitative case study research design and an inductive research approach to address the research questions. Focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews, participant observations and document analysis were used to collect data. A total sample of thirty-four (n=34) participants was purposefully selected; twenty participants (n=20) participated in semi-structured interviews, while fourteen (n=14) participants were engaged through focus group discussions. Findings obtained from the thematic data analysis utilised revealed that while human rights principles and social equity values underpin South Africa’s water reforms, Amathole District Municipality is yet to fully absorb these foundational concepts into its water governance. The study revealed that this is largely attributed to a lack of meaningful participation, limited transparency and accountability in the processes and procedures of the municipality. Results also revealed that persistent inequities still exist in Amathole District Municipality as reflected by the unequal distribution of water services, inconsistency in services provision, lack of transparency and established procedures to guarantee procedural fairness and limited impact on interventions specifically in rural areas. Furthermore, the study revealed that the municipality’s efforts to address water inequities are highly undermined by various economic, environmental, socio- economic, and institutional governance factors. Therefore, the study recommended a Water Governance Framework for Social Equity (WGFSE) and proffered recommendations to enhance social equity for Amathole District Municipality and other municipalities with similar contexts. , Thesis (MPA) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
- Authors: Hutete, Clarity
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Municipal water supply
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21931 , vital:51844
- Description: South Africa has reformed its water governance to remedy the prominent disparities in water service provision that resulted from the legacy of apartheid. However, despite the new policy reforms and strategies adopted, inequities in water governance remain prevalent. Those residing in marginalised and poor rural areas are the most vulnerable and highly affected by this phenomenon. While this has been attributed to several factors, such as fragmentation of the water sector and lack of capacity, among other reasons, an analysis of the literature revealed that the absence of a water governance framework for social equity is highly prevalent in the context of Amathole District Municipality (ADM) where the research was conducted. Hence, the study's main objective was to develop a water governance framework for social equity that can be utilised to advise councils and policymakers on the attainment of social equity by water service providers at the local level. The study utilised the constructivist research philosophy by adopting a qualitative case study research design and an inductive research approach to address the research questions. Focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews, participant observations and document analysis were used to collect data. A total sample of thirty-four (n=34) participants was purposefully selected; twenty participants (n=20) participated in semi-structured interviews, while fourteen (n=14) participants were engaged through focus group discussions. Findings obtained from the thematic data analysis utilised revealed that while human rights principles and social equity values underpin South Africa’s water reforms, Amathole District Municipality is yet to fully absorb these foundational concepts into its water governance. The study revealed that this is largely attributed to a lack of meaningful participation, limited transparency and accountability in the processes and procedures of the municipality. Results also revealed that persistent inequities still exist in Amathole District Municipality as reflected by the unequal distribution of water services, inconsistency in services provision, lack of transparency and established procedures to guarantee procedural fairness and limited impact on interventions specifically in rural areas. Furthermore, the study revealed that the municipality’s efforts to address water inequities are highly undermined by various economic, environmental, socio- economic, and institutional governance factors. Therefore, the study recommended a Water Governance Framework for Social Equity (WGFSE) and proffered recommendations to enhance social equity for Amathole District Municipality and other municipalities with similar contexts. , Thesis (MPA) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
An analysis of the link between monetary policy, exchange rate pass-through effect and domestic prices in South Africa.
- Authors: Ndamase, Asisipho Zingisa
- Date: 2022-02
- Subjects: Monetary policy. , South Africa--Economic policy.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22165 , vital:51992
- Description: The study seeks to analyse the link between monetary policy, domestic prices and exchange rate pass-through effect in South Africa. South Africa’s imports are more than its exports. Therefore, given a higher PTE associated with the importation of necessities, the poor are always left worse off since they are faced with imported inflation that is depreciating exchange rate driven. The Johansen co integration for the long run and the Vector Error Correctional Model for the short run were used to analyse monthly data obtained from the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) and the World Bank from 1990 to 2019. The study consisted of five separate but closely linked models, which are the price equation, excess demand equation, the monetary policy equation, pass through equation and the money demand equation. The results revealed that all models are cointegrated meaning that a long run relationship exist in these equations. However, the VECM short-run results show that two of the models have an ECM term which is negative and significant. The results indicated that there is evidence of the passthrough effect. In this case, a positive pass-through effect of 222 per cent was established between domestic prices and import prices. A pass-through effect of 39 per cent was also identified between imports and exchange rate and lastly a pass-through effect (PTE) of 30 percent was established between oil prices and import prices. , Thesis (MCom) (Economics) -- University of Fort Hare, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-02
- Authors: Ndamase, Asisipho Zingisa
- Date: 2022-02
- Subjects: Monetary policy. , South Africa--Economic policy.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22165 , vital:51992
- Description: The study seeks to analyse the link between monetary policy, domestic prices and exchange rate pass-through effect in South Africa. South Africa’s imports are more than its exports. Therefore, given a higher PTE associated with the importation of necessities, the poor are always left worse off since they are faced with imported inflation that is depreciating exchange rate driven. The Johansen co integration for the long run and the Vector Error Correctional Model for the short run were used to analyse monthly data obtained from the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) and the World Bank from 1990 to 2019. The study consisted of five separate but closely linked models, which are the price equation, excess demand equation, the monetary policy equation, pass through equation and the money demand equation. The results revealed that all models are cointegrated meaning that a long run relationship exist in these equations. However, the VECM short-run results show that two of the models have an ECM term which is negative and significant. The results indicated that there is evidence of the passthrough effect. In this case, a positive pass-through effect of 222 per cent was established between domestic prices and import prices. A pass-through effect of 39 per cent was also identified between imports and exchange rate and lastly a pass-through effect (PTE) of 30 percent was established between oil prices and import prices. , Thesis (MCom) (Economics) -- University of Fort Hare, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-02
Complaints and service recovery responses on South African banks’ facebook fan pages: a netnographic study.
- Authors: Phambuka, Nomfundo
- Date: 2022-02
- Subjects: Online social networks. , Consumers--Research. , Marketing research.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22266 , vital:52011
- Description: The internet transformation over the past decade has changed the way businesses and consumers communicate. Instead of face-to-face transactions, businesses can now interact with their customers online, not just by marketing new products and services, but also by providing added value services in the online environment. The internet has become a dominant aspect in assisting businesses to attract and retain customers. One of the fastest growing platforms for this communication is through social networking sites. Many consumers are preferring to use social media platforms such as Facebook to express their views on the products or service of a business. In fact, the business’s Facebook page has become a preferred channel for customers who wish to voice concerns or complaints about the service they have received. As a result, many businesses are using that same platform for service recovery, and to make amends with their customers following a service failure. The aspect of online customer complaints and service recovery on social media, has not been well researched in the South African banking industry, which highlights both a gap and an opportunity. The aim of this study was to provide an analysis and categorisation of the types of customer complaints and service responses on the top five South African banks’ Facebook pages. These banks are; ABSA bank, Capitec Bank, First National Bank (FNB), Nedbank and Standard Bank. A qualitative approach known as netnography was adopted, as it provided an insider’s perspective on what customers complain about on a social media platform and how the banks responded to these complaints. 1250 complaints and the corresponding responses were extracted from each of the banks’ Facebook pages over a period of three months through a qualitative research software known as Nvivo 11. Using the framework provided by the justice theory, complaints and the corresponding responses were categorised. Customer complaints were categorised as either process, outcome or random and the banks’ responses were categorised as either procedural, interpersonal, distributional or informational dimensions. The main finding across all the banks, was that 1050 of the total number of complaints were related to the outcomes of the services provided; such as the banking app , the ATM machine and the general service the customers received. On average, the banks responded to around 70 percent of the 1250 complaints, with Nedbank having the best response rate (196/250) and Standard having the worst response rate (138/250). In addition, most of the banks responded in an interpersonal manner, dealing with customer’s problems directly. Once again, Standard Bank had the least number of interpersonal responses. On the whole, all the banks were mindful of the importance of explaining the reasons for service failures and explaining how the problem was going to be solved. Findings from this study indicate that consumer expectations of service failures and recovery are context driven, which requires companies to modify their recovery strategies to improve the customer’s personal experience. It can also be noted that many customer complaints stem from a general lack of understanding of banking systems and that banks should therefore be utilising their online platforms to keep customers well informed regarding common and frequent customer complaints. The main recommendation from the study is that banks should be entirely transparent during online service recovery and utilise their social media pages to do so. , Thesis (MCom) (Business Management) -- University of Fort Hare, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-02
- Authors: Phambuka, Nomfundo
- Date: 2022-02
- Subjects: Online social networks. , Consumers--Research. , Marketing research.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22266 , vital:52011
- Description: The internet transformation over the past decade has changed the way businesses and consumers communicate. Instead of face-to-face transactions, businesses can now interact with their customers online, not just by marketing new products and services, but also by providing added value services in the online environment. The internet has become a dominant aspect in assisting businesses to attract and retain customers. One of the fastest growing platforms for this communication is through social networking sites. Many consumers are preferring to use social media platforms such as Facebook to express their views on the products or service of a business. In fact, the business’s Facebook page has become a preferred channel for customers who wish to voice concerns or complaints about the service they have received. As a result, many businesses are using that same platform for service recovery, and to make amends with their customers following a service failure. The aspect of online customer complaints and service recovery on social media, has not been well researched in the South African banking industry, which highlights both a gap and an opportunity. The aim of this study was to provide an analysis and categorisation of the types of customer complaints and service responses on the top five South African banks’ Facebook pages. These banks are; ABSA bank, Capitec Bank, First National Bank (FNB), Nedbank and Standard Bank. A qualitative approach known as netnography was adopted, as it provided an insider’s perspective on what customers complain about on a social media platform and how the banks responded to these complaints. 1250 complaints and the corresponding responses were extracted from each of the banks’ Facebook pages over a period of three months through a qualitative research software known as Nvivo 11. Using the framework provided by the justice theory, complaints and the corresponding responses were categorised. Customer complaints were categorised as either process, outcome or random and the banks’ responses were categorised as either procedural, interpersonal, distributional or informational dimensions. The main finding across all the banks, was that 1050 of the total number of complaints were related to the outcomes of the services provided; such as the banking app , the ATM machine and the general service the customers received. On average, the banks responded to around 70 percent of the 1250 complaints, with Nedbank having the best response rate (196/250) and Standard having the worst response rate (138/250). In addition, most of the banks responded in an interpersonal manner, dealing with customer’s problems directly. Once again, Standard Bank had the least number of interpersonal responses. On the whole, all the banks were mindful of the importance of explaining the reasons for service failures and explaining how the problem was going to be solved. Findings from this study indicate that consumer expectations of service failures and recovery are context driven, which requires companies to modify their recovery strategies to improve the customer’s personal experience. It can also be noted that many customer complaints stem from a general lack of understanding of banking systems and that banks should therefore be utilising their online platforms to keep customers well informed regarding common and frequent customer complaints. The main recommendation from the study is that banks should be entirely transparent during online service recovery and utilise their social media pages to do so. , Thesis (MCom) (Business Management) -- University of Fort Hare, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-02
An analysis of the design of evaluation standards in the South African National Evaluation System
- Authors: Segopolo, Morakane Jocobeth
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Quality control , Educational evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23448 , vital:57735
- Description: Globally, the development of evaluation standards and related quality assurance measures for managing and assessing evaluation quality has been the focus of much debate in the evaluation community. Especially in the current context of COVID 19, validating the quality of evaluation and research evidence to respond to the global pandemic and to socio-economic development has become more relevant. The question of evaluation quality has also become important in South Africa. This has resulted in a need for a National Evaluation System to manage the quality of the evaluation process and outputs; so that critical stakeholders can trust and use the evaluation evidence to measure performance and accountability of government. The South African National Evaluation System through the National Evaluation Policy Framework (NEPF) was adopted by Cabinet to guide the development and management of systemic and institutional evaluation policy and practice. This research responds to the conceptual gap in the design of the evaluation standards. The purpose of the research study is to analyse the design of evaluation standards in the South African National Evaluation System (NES). The research objectives of the study were: To analyse the design of evaluation standard in the South African National Evaluation System against international evaluation normative frameworks, To assess the theory underpinning the evaluation standards in the South African National Evaluation System. A qualitative research approach using a semi-structured interview was used to collect data from the eight respondents. The participants included in the sample were those who played a meaningful role in the design and application of the evaluation standards and the Evaluation Quality Assessment Tool (EQAT) of the NES. Content and thematic analysis were used to process and analyse the empirical data. The research study produced the following key findings. The design of the national evaluation standards as a component of the South African National Evaluation System was technically and conceptually clear about its context, rationale, purpose and its claims to manage the evaluation process to promote evaluation quality. Although most national evaluation standards of the NES were consistent with international frameworks, both national and international standards did not adequately address the development and transformative issues such as equity, diversity and inclusion. Finally, the discourse of paradigms was absent in the design of the standards. The national evaluation standards did not explicitly show the influence of the paradigm on methodological approaches, evaluation designs and methods. This theoretical gap is also evident in most of the international frameworks that the national standards were benchmarked against. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
- Authors: Segopolo, Morakane Jocobeth
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Quality control , Educational evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23448 , vital:57735
- Description: Globally, the development of evaluation standards and related quality assurance measures for managing and assessing evaluation quality has been the focus of much debate in the evaluation community. Especially in the current context of COVID 19, validating the quality of evaluation and research evidence to respond to the global pandemic and to socio-economic development has become more relevant. The question of evaluation quality has also become important in South Africa. This has resulted in a need for a National Evaluation System to manage the quality of the evaluation process and outputs; so that critical stakeholders can trust and use the evaluation evidence to measure performance and accountability of government. The South African National Evaluation System through the National Evaluation Policy Framework (NEPF) was adopted by Cabinet to guide the development and management of systemic and institutional evaluation policy and practice. This research responds to the conceptual gap in the design of the evaluation standards. The purpose of the research study is to analyse the design of evaluation standards in the South African National Evaluation System (NES). The research objectives of the study were: To analyse the design of evaluation standard in the South African National Evaluation System against international evaluation normative frameworks, To assess the theory underpinning the evaluation standards in the South African National Evaluation System. A qualitative research approach using a semi-structured interview was used to collect data from the eight respondents. The participants included in the sample were those who played a meaningful role in the design and application of the evaluation standards and the Evaluation Quality Assessment Tool (EQAT) of the NES. Content and thematic analysis were used to process and analyse the empirical data. The research study produced the following key findings. The design of the national evaluation standards as a component of the South African National Evaluation System was technically and conceptually clear about its context, rationale, purpose and its claims to manage the evaluation process to promote evaluation quality. Although most national evaluation standards of the NES were consistent with international frameworks, both national and international standards did not adequately address the development and transformative issues such as equity, diversity and inclusion. Finally, the discourse of paradigms was absent in the design of the standards. The national evaluation standards did not explicitly show the influence of the paradigm on methodological approaches, evaluation designs and methods. This theoretical gap is also evident in most of the international frameworks that the national standards were benchmarked against. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
Intellectual capital, organisation capabilities and business performance among small businesses
- Stamper, Sakhumzi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2781-2944
- Authors: Stamper, Sakhumzi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2781-2944
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Small business -- Technological innovations , Performance technology , Management information systems
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28861 , vital:75152
- Description: This study was aimed at testing an intellectual capital-structural model and ascertaining the role of organisational capabilities on business performance in ICT-based small businesses in South Africa. The extant literature indicated that intellectual capital is a knowledge-related intangible assets which is rooted in an organisation that comprises intellectual property, intellectual competences and intellectual resources. Theoretically, the relationship between organisational knowledge and business performance is embedded in organisational learning because a lot of small businesses gain more knowledge from customers for the purposes of improving their sales and profits. The study used a quantitative approach and it was conducted on 261 owners/ managers of ICT-small businesses using a convenience sampling method. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire and also structural equation modelling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tools for data analysis and testing relationships between variables were used. The study revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between knowledge management capability and human capital. Additionally, the study discovered that innovation capability and business performance had a significant positive relationship. The study also revealed and confirmed that intellectual capital mediates the relationship between learning capability and business performance. Both the measurement and structural model fit indices showed reasonable goodness of fit indices. The findings of the study contributed to the literature of intellectual capital by providing empirical evidence on the relationship between organisational capabilities and performance. Together, the insights from this research underscored the importance of managing IC effectively with its components and prioritising the value of OC in order to comprehend the necessity for optimising firm performance. Lastly, this was the first study to test the mediating role of intellectual capital in the relationship between organisational capability and performance on ICT-based small businesses in a developing country. , Thesis (DBM) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
- Authors: Stamper, Sakhumzi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2781-2944
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Small business -- Technological innovations , Performance technology , Management information systems
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28861 , vital:75152
- Description: This study was aimed at testing an intellectual capital-structural model and ascertaining the role of organisational capabilities on business performance in ICT-based small businesses in South Africa. The extant literature indicated that intellectual capital is a knowledge-related intangible assets which is rooted in an organisation that comprises intellectual property, intellectual competences and intellectual resources. Theoretically, the relationship between organisational knowledge and business performance is embedded in organisational learning because a lot of small businesses gain more knowledge from customers for the purposes of improving their sales and profits. The study used a quantitative approach and it was conducted on 261 owners/ managers of ICT-small businesses using a convenience sampling method. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire and also structural equation modelling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tools for data analysis and testing relationships between variables were used. The study revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between knowledge management capability and human capital. Additionally, the study discovered that innovation capability and business performance had a significant positive relationship. The study also revealed and confirmed that intellectual capital mediates the relationship between learning capability and business performance. Both the measurement and structural model fit indices showed reasonable goodness of fit indices. The findings of the study contributed to the literature of intellectual capital by providing empirical evidence on the relationship between organisational capabilities and performance. Together, the insights from this research underscored the importance of managing IC effectively with its components and prioritising the value of OC in order to comprehend the necessity for optimising firm performance. Lastly, this was the first study to test the mediating role of intellectual capital in the relationship between organisational capability and performance on ICT-based small businesses in a developing country. , Thesis (DBM) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
The impact of technology on unemployment in South Africa: a case of the Manufacturing, Mining and Agriculture Sectors
- Authors: Nelani, Aviwe
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Unemployment -- Technological innovations -- South Africa , Labor supply -- Effect of technological innovations on -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28839 , vital:75131
- Description: The research investigates the effect of technology on unemployment in South Africa, focusing on three industries, namely manufacturing, agriculture, and the mining industry from 2000 to 2017. The pooled ordinary least squares, random effect model and fixed effects model were utilised to test the impact of technology on unemployment. Research and development were used as a degree for technology in this study, as it was the main independent variable. The results suggest that there is insignificant effect of technology on unemployment, there are many studies in the literature that have supported this sentiment. So, having concluded that technology does have an insignificant effect on unemployment, this also means that changes in technology do not affect the country significantly, even though some industries will have to make small adjustments in responding to the technological changes. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
- Authors: Nelani, Aviwe
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Unemployment -- Technological innovations -- South Africa , Labor supply -- Effect of technological innovations on -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28839 , vital:75131
- Description: The research investigates the effect of technology on unemployment in South Africa, focusing on three industries, namely manufacturing, agriculture, and the mining industry from 2000 to 2017. The pooled ordinary least squares, random effect model and fixed effects model were utilised to test the impact of technology on unemployment. Research and development were used as a degree for technology in this study, as it was the main independent variable. The results suggest that there is insignificant effect of technology on unemployment, there are many studies in the literature that have supported this sentiment. So, having concluded that technology does have an insignificant effect on unemployment, this also means that changes in technology do not affect the country significantly, even though some industries will have to make small adjustments in responding to the technological changes. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
Trade openness, economic growth, income inequality and poverty nexus in SADC countries: 1980-2019
- Gonese, Dorcas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-024X
- Authors: Gonese, Dorcas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-024X
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Economic development , Income distribution
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23370 , vital:57618
- Description: Trade openness (TO) has been identified as a critical component for sustainable economic growth, income inequality reduction, and poverty reduction in the 2030 Agenda as per the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) regional indicative strategic development plan (RISDP). Despite the opening up to the global world, developing countries such as the SADC continue to face exclusive and unstable economic growth, massive income disparity, and poverty. Considering the previous empirical work, many controversies are related to methodologies and measurement issues. The study attempted to examine the impact of trade openness on economic growth of the SADC countries as well as its effect on income inequality and poverty reduction from 1980 to 2019. The study builds on existing studies in the region that have mainly analysed this kind of relationship, assuming that it is only TO and economic growth (EGR) that matters. The study sought to address three analytical objectives. The first objective focused on examining the effects of trade openness on economic growth in the SADC countries. In addressing this objective, the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) was utilised, given the nature of the relationship between the variables of interest. The empirical results revealed that all measures of trade openness (real trade openness, economic globalisation, exports and imports of goods and services) used in the study have a positive effect on economic growth in SADC countries. This implies that the foreign factors account for a share of SADC's economic growth. The PMG indicates that the mediating variables of all measures of trade openness with human capital development have a positive effect on economic growth. This implies that the beneficial impact of the said measures of trade openness, are more effective when investment in human capital increases. The second objective focused on analysing trade openness's direct and indirect impact on income inequality using the PMG model again. The empirical results indicate that trade openness via exports has a negative effect on income inequality. In contrast, real trade openness and imports positively affect income inequality. This implies that the exports of goods and services in SADC are drivers of income inequality reduction while real trade openness and imports worsen it. Therefore, the SADC countries must be wary of real trade openness and import policies addressing income inequality. As for the interaction effects, the empirical results indicate that greater openness via real trade openness, economic globalisation, exports and imports reduce income inequality when economic growth increases and when the financial sector is more developed. The final analytical objective focused on analysing the effects of TO on poverty in the SADC region. The PMG model was utilised for trade openness-non-income poverty (NPOV) relationship. However, because there is a scarcity of income-poverty (IPOV) data, the time dimensions for the income poverty-trade openness model are smaller than the cross sections. Therefore, the current study employed the system generalised method of moments (SGMM) estimation technique which is a more effective and efficient estimation technique for controlling for endogeneity when the time dimension is smaller than the cross sections. The findings indicate that real trade openness has a positive effect on NPOV, whereas economic globalisation, exports, and imports negatively affect NPOV. This implies that real trade openness increases poverty reduction while economic globalisation, exports and imports exacerbate non-income poverty in SADC countries. On testing whether trade openness- NPOV relationship changes with economic growth, income inequality, human capital development, financial development and institutional quality, the complementary variable with EGR is positive and significant for real trade openness and exports, implying that real trade openness and exports reduce NPOV when economic growth increases. The SGMM indicates that only economic globalisation and imports have negative impact on income poverty in SADC countries. This implies that economic globalisation and imports are determinants of income poverty reduction in the SADC countries. The SADC governments and policymakers should be mindful about what ways they should globalise, what goods they export or imports to minimise income poverty. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
- Authors: Gonese, Dorcas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-024X
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Economic development , Income distribution
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23370 , vital:57618
- Description: Trade openness (TO) has been identified as a critical component for sustainable economic growth, income inequality reduction, and poverty reduction in the 2030 Agenda as per the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) regional indicative strategic development plan (RISDP). Despite the opening up to the global world, developing countries such as the SADC continue to face exclusive and unstable economic growth, massive income disparity, and poverty. Considering the previous empirical work, many controversies are related to methodologies and measurement issues. The study attempted to examine the impact of trade openness on economic growth of the SADC countries as well as its effect on income inequality and poverty reduction from 1980 to 2019. The study builds on existing studies in the region that have mainly analysed this kind of relationship, assuming that it is only TO and economic growth (EGR) that matters. The study sought to address three analytical objectives. The first objective focused on examining the effects of trade openness on economic growth in the SADC countries. In addressing this objective, the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) was utilised, given the nature of the relationship between the variables of interest. The empirical results revealed that all measures of trade openness (real trade openness, economic globalisation, exports and imports of goods and services) used in the study have a positive effect on economic growth in SADC countries. This implies that the foreign factors account for a share of SADC's economic growth. The PMG indicates that the mediating variables of all measures of trade openness with human capital development have a positive effect on economic growth. This implies that the beneficial impact of the said measures of trade openness, are more effective when investment in human capital increases. The second objective focused on analysing trade openness's direct and indirect impact on income inequality using the PMG model again. The empirical results indicate that trade openness via exports has a negative effect on income inequality. In contrast, real trade openness and imports positively affect income inequality. This implies that the exports of goods and services in SADC are drivers of income inequality reduction while real trade openness and imports worsen it. Therefore, the SADC countries must be wary of real trade openness and import policies addressing income inequality. As for the interaction effects, the empirical results indicate that greater openness via real trade openness, economic globalisation, exports and imports reduce income inequality when economic growth increases and when the financial sector is more developed. The final analytical objective focused on analysing the effects of TO on poverty in the SADC region. The PMG model was utilised for trade openness-non-income poverty (NPOV) relationship. However, because there is a scarcity of income-poverty (IPOV) data, the time dimensions for the income poverty-trade openness model are smaller than the cross sections. Therefore, the current study employed the system generalised method of moments (SGMM) estimation technique which is a more effective and efficient estimation technique for controlling for endogeneity when the time dimension is smaller than the cross sections. The findings indicate that real trade openness has a positive effect on NPOV, whereas economic globalisation, exports, and imports negatively affect NPOV. This implies that real trade openness increases poverty reduction while economic globalisation, exports and imports exacerbate non-income poverty in SADC countries. On testing whether trade openness- NPOV relationship changes with economic growth, income inequality, human capital development, financial development and institutional quality, the complementary variable with EGR is positive and significant for real trade openness and exports, implying that real trade openness and exports reduce NPOV when economic growth increases. The SGMM indicates that only economic globalisation and imports have negative impact on income poverty in SADC countries. This implies that economic globalisation and imports are determinants of income poverty reduction in the SADC countries. The SADC governments and policymakers should be mindful about what ways they should globalise, what goods they export or imports to minimise income poverty. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01