Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis and Computational Studies of Two Benzo [b][1, 4] Diazepine Derivatives
- Odame, Felix, Madanhire, T, Hosten, Eric C, Lobb, Kevin A
- Authors: Odame, Felix , Madanhire, T , Hosten, Eric C , Lobb, Kevin A
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/452689 , vital:75162 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022476623120041"
- Description: The DFT computational studies, crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (E)-4-(2-chlorostyryl)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,4]diazepine (1) and (E)-4-(2-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,4]diazepin-4-yl)vinyl)phenol (2) have been presented. The compounds crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21/c with 4 molecules in their unit cells each. The experimental and computed bond lengths and bond angles deviated from each other to some extent but also showed good agreement with each other in some cases. Hirshfeld surface analysis of the compounds provided further information about the structural properties of the compounds.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
- Authors: Odame, Felix , Madanhire, T , Hosten, Eric C , Lobb, Kevin A
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/452689 , vital:75162 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022476623120041"
- Description: The DFT computational studies, crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (E)-4-(2-chlorostyryl)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,4]diazepine (1) and (E)-4-(2-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,4]diazepin-4-yl)vinyl)phenol (2) have been presented. The compounds crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21/c with 4 molecules in their unit cells each. The experimental and computed bond lengths and bond angles deviated from each other to some extent but also showed good agreement with each other in some cases. Hirshfeld surface analysis of the compounds provided further information about the structural properties of the compounds.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
History matters: Societal acceptance of deep-sea mining and incipient conflicts in Papua New Guinea
- van Putten, Ingrid, Aswani, Shankar, Boonstra, W.J, De la Cruz-Modino, R, Das, Jewel, Glaser, Marion, Heck, Nadine, Narayan, Siddharth, Paytan, Adina, Selim, Samiya, Vave, Ron
- Authors: van Putten, Ingrid , Aswani, Shankar , Boonstra, W.J , De la Cruz-Modino, R , Das, Jewel , Glaser, Marion , Heck, Nadine , Narayan, Siddharth , Paytan, Adina , Selim, Samiya , Vave, Ron
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391453 , vital:68653 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-023-00318-0"
- Description: New marine industries that develop and grow in response to the changing demand for their products have the potential to exert pressure on fragile marine environments. These emerging industries can benefit local communities but equally can have negative environmental and socio-cultural impacts. The development of new and emerging industries, like deep seabed mining (DSM), requires the acceptance and involvement of local communities. Yet, the history of marine exploitation is imbued with conflicts between industries and local communities. This paper presents a DSM case study in Papua New Guinea (PNG) to stimulate debate around the potential for conflict in the pursuit of resource extraction from the deep sea and the social and environmental harm that these extractions can cause. We do so by first presenting a timeline of local and extra-local events and enabling conditions that form the development background for the DSM Solwara 1 project in PNG. We then undertake a media narrative analysis to consider the contribution of aspects of social acceptability to this highly complex and multi-scale conflict. We find that the lack of (or a decrease in) social acceptability contributed to the conflict situation and ultimately the demise of the Solwara 1 project. Extra-locally, the initial development was positively framed around solutions for decarbonisation using new technology. Over time, actions by international NGOs, financial issues related to foreign companies, and asymmetry in the power balance between the Pacific Island nation and global businesses played a role in growing negative perceptions of acceptability. Historical experiences with prior environmental mining disasters, together with sea tenure governance challenges, and a lack of community and stakeholder acceptance also contributed to the demise of the project. Untangling and debating these complex interactions provides context and reasons for the tension between the lack of societal acceptance at a local scale and the perceived need for DSM products in the global North for innovative technologies and decarbonising societies. Better understanding these interactions and tensions can help emerging industries navigate a future blue economy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
- Authors: van Putten, Ingrid , Aswani, Shankar , Boonstra, W.J , De la Cruz-Modino, R , Das, Jewel , Glaser, Marion , Heck, Nadine , Narayan, Siddharth , Paytan, Adina , Selim, Samiya , Vave, Ron
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391453 , vital:68653 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-023-00318-0"
- Description: New marine industries that develop and grow in response to the changing demand for their products have the potential to exert pressure on fragile marine environments. These emerging industries can benefit local communities but equally can have negative environmental and socio-cultural impacts. The development of new and emerging industries, like deep seabed mining (DSM), requires the acceptance and involvement of local communities. Yet, the history of marine exploitation is imbued with conflicts between industries and local communities. This paper presents a DSM case study in Papua New Guinea (PNG) to stimulate debate around the potential for conflict in the pursuit of resource extraction from the deep sea and the social and environmental harm that these extractions can cause. We do so by first presenting a timeline of local and extra-local events and enabling conditions that form the development background for the DSM Solwara 1 project in PNG. We then undertake a media narrative analysis to consider the contribution of aspects of social acceptability to this highly complex and multi-scale conflict. We find that the lack of (or a decrease in) social acceptability contributed to the conflict situation and ultimately the demise of the Solwara 1 project. Extra-locally, the initial development was positively framed around solutions for decarbonisation using new technology. Over time, actions by international NGOs, financial issues related to foreign companies, and asymmetry in the power balance between the Pacific Island nation and global businesses played a role in growing negative perceptions of acceptability. Historical experiences with prior environmental mining disasters, together with sea tenure governance challenges, and a lack of community and stakeholder acceptance also contributed to the demise of the project. Untangling and debating these complex interactions provides context and reasons for the tension between the lack of societal acceptance at a local scale and the perceived need for DSM products in the global North for innovative technologies and decarbonising societies. Better understanding these interactions and tensions can help emerging industries navigate a future blue economy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
Tragic Optimism: A Psychobiography of Morgan Richard Tsvangirai.
- Harry, Tinashe T, van Niekerk, Roelf
- Authors: Harry, Tinashe T , van Niekerk, Roelf
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434439 , vital:73060 , ISBN 978-3-031-28826-5 , https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-28827-2_5
- Description: For many Zimbabweans, Morgan Richard Tsvangirai (1952–2018) became the face of courage and hope during his political career. Tsvangirai was subjected to and witnessed political violence, physical abuse, brutality, emotional humiliation, unlawful detentions, and persecution. He challenged the ruling party in Zimbabwe, and his leadership gave many people hope for the future. In the context of living in a colonial era, poverty, and having to endure the brutality of the Mugabe era, he lived a meaningful life that saw him becoming a Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (2009–2013). This single-case study explores and describes Tsvangirai’s life and interprets it in terms of Frankl’s existential theory. More specifically, Tsvangirai’s life is interpreted from the perspective of Frankl’s three triads, the fundamental, meaning, and tragic triads, as well as the noetic dimension. Tsvangirai was selected through purposive sampling based on his important role in Zimbabwean politics. The primary source of data was biographical and autobiographical publications. The findings indicate that Tsvangirai shifted emphasis within the meaning triad in living a meaningful life and that he was able to use the human capacity of self-distancing/detachment and self-transcendence to find meaning in his life. This chapter sheds light on how individuals make sense of their circumstances and search for meaning and purpose in adverse conditions. It also contributes towards the development of psychobiographical research among non-WEIRD samples.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
- Authors: Harry, Tinashe T , van Niekerk, Roelf
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434439 , vital:73060 , ISBN 978-3-031-28826-5 , https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-28827-2_5
- Description: For many Zimbabweans, Morgan Richard Tsvangirai (1952–2018) became the face of courage and hope during his political career. Tsvangirai was subjected to and witnessed political violence, physical abuse, brutality, emotional humiliation, unlawful detentions, and persecution. He challenged the ruling party in Zimbabwe, and his leadership gave many people hope for the future. In the context of living in a colonial era, poverty, and having to endure the brutality of the Mugabe era, he lived a meaningful life that saw him becoming a Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (2009–2013). This single-case study explores and describes Tsvangirai’s life and interprets it in terms of Frankl’s existential theory. More specifically, Tsvangirai’s life is interpreted from the perspective of Frankl’s three triads, the fundamental, meaning, and tragic triads, as well as the noetic dimension. Tsvangirai was selected through purposive sampling based on his important role in Zimbabwean politics. The primary source of data was biographical and autobiographical publications. The findings indicate that Tsvangirai shifted emphasis within the meaning triad in living a meaningful life and that he was able to use the human capacity of self-distancing/detachment and self-transcendence to find meaning in his life. This chapter sheds light on how individuals make sense of their circumstances and search for meaning and purpose in adverse conditions. It also contributes towards the development of psychobiographical research among non-WEIRD samples.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
Transnational Activities of Women-Focused Civil Society Actors in Southern Africa
- Nedziwe, Cecilia L, Tella, Oluwaseun
- Authors: Nedziwe, Cecilia L , Tella, Oluwaseun
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/445327 , vital:74376 , ISBN 978-3-031-29536-2 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29537-9
- Description: Since the 1990s, the opening up of democratic spaces has been characterised by growing transnational activities and regionalisation of non-state actors. In Southern Africa, intergovernmental organisations (IGOs) such as the Southern African Development Community (SADC) began to recognise civil society actors and to integrate and prioritise gender and women issues within their policymaking structures. 1 This was assisted by the formulation of norms at a global level which could be diffused to regional and national policies, leading to greater non-state activity in the SADC area. It was achieved through, firstly, the establishment of an eminent group of commissioners in the early 1990s to review the situation of women across the region. Secondly, following the 1995 Beijing International Women’s Conference, a task force was created to draft a Regional Plan of Action to begin to address gendered insecurities across Southern Africa. Finally, the first meeting of the SADC Ministers Responsible for Women and Gender Affairs was convened in 1997 (Made and Morna, 2009: 34).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
- Authors: Nedziwe, Cecilia L , Tella, Oluwaseun
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/445327 , vital:74376 , ISBN 978-3-031-29536-2 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29537-9
- Description: Since the 1990s, the opening up of democratic spaces has been characterised by growing transnational activities and regionalisation of non-state actors. In Southern Africa, intergovernmental organisations (IGOs) such as the Southern African Development Community (SADC) began to recognise civil society actors and to integrate and prioritise gender and women issues within their policymaking structures. 1 This was assisted by the formulation of norms at a global level which could be diffused to regional and national policies, leading to greater non-state activity in the SADC area. It was achieved through, firstly, the establishment of an eminent group of commissioners in the early 1990s to review the situation of women across the region. Secondly, following the 1995 Beijing International Women’s Conference, a task force was created to draft a Regional Plan of Action to begin to address gendered insecurities across Southern Africa. Finally, the first meeting of the SADC Ministers Responsible for Women and Gender Affairs was convened in 1997 (Made and Morna, 2009: 34).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
Unveiling the reactivity of truxillic and truxinic acids (TXAs): deprotonation, anion center dot center dot center dot HO, cation center dot center dot center dot O and cation center dot center dot center dot pi interactions in TXA (0) center dot center dot center dot Y+ and TXA (0) center dot center dot center dot Z (-) complexes (Y= Li, Na, K; Z= F, Cl, Br)
- Isamura, Bienfait K, Patouossa, Issofa, Muya, Jules T, Lobb, Kevin A
- Authors: Isamura, Bienfait K , Patouossa, Issofa , Muya, Jules T , Lobb, Kevin A
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/452827 , vital:75173 , xlink:href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11224-022-01965-5.pdf"
- Description: Herein, we report a quantum chemistry investigation of the interaction between µ-truxinic acid, referred to as TXA0 , and Y+ (Y=Li, Na, K) and Z− (Z=F, Cl, Br) ions using M06-2X, B3LYP and 휔 B97XD functionals in conjunction with the 6–31+ +G(d,p), aug-cc-pVDZ(-X2C) and 6–311+ +G (d, p) basis sets. Our computations suggest that Y+ cations can bind to TXA0 through several combinations of cation…O and cation-π interactions, while Z− anions generally establish anion… H–O contacts. Predicted binding energies at the M06-2X/6–311+ +G(d,p) level range between−26.6 and−70.2 kcal/mol for cationic complexes and−20.4 and−62.3 kcal/mol for anionic ones. As such, TXA0 appears as an amphoteric molecule with a slight preference for electrophilic (cation... O) attacks. Furthermore, the most favourable binding site for cations allows for the formation of O…cation…O interactions where the cation is trapped between O37 and O38 atoms of TXA0 . Anions do not behave uniformly towards TXA0 : while the fuoride anion F− induces the deprotonation of TXA0 , Br− and Cl− do not. All of these structural insights are supported by topological calculations in the context of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). Finally, SAPT0 analyses suggest that TXA0 …Y+ and TXA0 …Z− complexes are mainly stabilized by electrostatic and inductive efects, whose combined contributions account for more than 60 percent of the total interaction energy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
- Authors: Isamura, Bienfait K , Patouossa, Issofa , Muya, Jules T , Lobb, Kevin A
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/452827 , vital:75173 , xlink:href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11224-022-01965-5.pdf"
- Description: Herein, we report a quantum chemistry investigation of the interaction between µ-truxinic acid, referred to as TXA0 , and Y+ (Y=Li, Na, K) and Z− (Z=F, Cl, Br) ions using M06-2X, B3LYP and 휔 B97XD functionals in conjunction with the 6–31+ +G(d,p), aug-cc-pVDZ(-X2C) and 6–311+ +G (d, p) basis sets. Our computations suggest that Y+ cations can bind to TXA0 through several combinations of cation…O and cation-π interactions, while Z− anions generally establish anion… H–O contacts. Predicted binding energies at the M06-2X/6–311+ +G(d,p) level range between−26.6 and−70.2 kcal/mol for cationic complexes and−20.4 and−62.3 kcal/mol for anionic ones. As such, TXA0 appears as an amphoteric molecule with a slight preference for electrophilic (cation... O) attacks. Furthermore, the most favourable binding site for cations allows for the formation of O…cation…O interactions where the cation is trapped between O37 and O38 atoms of TXA0 . Anions do not behave uniformly towards TXA0 : while the fuoride anion F− induces the deprotonation of TXA0 , Br− and Cl− do not. All of these structural insights are supported by topological calculations in the context of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). Finally, SAPT0 analyses suggest that TXA0 …Y+ and TXA0 …Z− complexes are mainly stabilized by electrostatic and inductive efects, whose combined contributions account for more than 60 percent of the total interaction energy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
A multiscale ONIOM study of the buckminsterfullerene (C60) Diels–Alder reaction: from model design to reaction path analysis
- Isamura, Bienfait K, Lobb, Kevin A
- Authors: Isamura, Bienfait K , Lobb, Kevin A
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/452517 , vital:75140 , xlink:href=" https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00894-022-05319-0"
- Description: The hybrid ONIOM (Our own N-layered Integrated molecular Orbital and molecular Mechanics) formalism is employed to investigate the Diels–Alder reaction of the buckminsterfullerene C60. Our computa-tions suggest that the ONIOM2(M06-2X/6-31G(d): SVWN/STO3G) mod-el, enclosing both the diene and the pyracyclene fragment of C60 in the higher-layer, provides a reasonable trade-of between accuracy and computational cost as it comes to predicting reaction energetics. Moreover, the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory and activation strain model (ASM) are jointly relied on to rationalize the efect of –OH and –CN substituents on the activation barrier of this reaction. Finally, reaction paths are scrutinized to get insight into the various forces un-derpinning the process of cycloadduct formation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Isamura, Bienfait K , Lobb, Kevin A
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/452517 , vital:75140 , xlink:href=" https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00894-022-05319-0"
- Description: The hybrid ONIOM (Our own N-layered Integrated molecular Orbital and molecular Mechanics) formalism is employed to investigate the Diels–Alder reaction of the buckminsterfullerene C60. Our computa-tions suggest that the ONIOM2(M06-2X/6-31G(d): SVWN/STO3G) mod-el, enclosing both the diene and the pyracyclene fragment of C60 in the higher-layer, provides a reasonable trade-of between accuracy and computational cost as it comes to predicting reaction energetics. Moreover, the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory and activation strain model (ASM) are jointly relied on to rationalize the efect of –OH and –CN substituents on the activation barrier of this reaction. Finally, reaction paths are scrutinized to get insight into the various forces un-derpinning the process of cycloadduct formation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Can Local Knowledge of Small-Scale Fishers Be Used to Monitor and Assess Changes in Marine Ecosystems in a European Context?
- Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina, Barrientos, Sara, Barreiro, Rodolfo, Aswani, Shankar, Pascual-Fernández, José, De la Cruz-Modino, Raquel
- Authors: Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina , Barrientos, Sara , Barreiro, Rodolfo , Aswani, Shankar , Pascual-Fernández, José , De la Cruz-Modino, Raquel
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391331 , vital:68642 , ISBN 978-3-031-01980-7 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_24
- Description: Significance Statement In the last decades, many coastal areas have observed dramatic changes in marine ecosystems, due to anthropogenic and environmental alterations. The general absence of long-term data sets in the marine environment and, more specifically, on benthic and demersal communities represents a severe issue for management and conservation. We propose to incorporate the small-scale fishers’ knowledge and science for better policy recommendations, both in terms of fisheries optimization and resource conservation. Based on two different cases of study with diverse ecosystems, we explore the combination of quantitative and qualitative tools, and participative techniques used to incorporate fishers’ local ecological knowledge. The results highlight fishers’ capacity to identify coastal and marine landscapes resources and changes, reinforcing and complementing the scientific assessment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina , Barrientos, Sara , Barreiro, Rodolfo , Aswani, Shankar , Pascual-Fernández, José , De la Cruz-Modino, Raquel
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391331 , vital:68642 , ISBN 978-3-031-01980-7 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_24
- Description: Significance Statement In the last decades, many coastal areas have observed dramatic changes in marine ecosystems, due to anthropogenic and environmental alterations. The general absence of long-term data sets in the marine environment and, more specifically, on benthic and demersal communities represents a severe issue for management and conservation. We propose to incorporate the small-scale fishers’ knowledge and science for better policy recommendations, both in terms of fisheries optimization and resource conservation. Based on two different cases of study with diverse ecosystems, we explore the combination of quantitative and qualitative tools, and participative techniques used to incorporate fishers’ local ecological knowledge. The results highlight fishers’ capacity to identify coastal and marine landscapes resources and changes, reinforcing and complementing the scientific assessment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Cultural Seascapes in the ‘Sea of Calms’ and La Restinga Coast
- De la Cruz-Modino, Raquel, Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina, Aswani, Shankar, González-Cruz, Carla, Domínguez, David, Ordóñez García, Paula, Santana-Talavera, Agustín, Pascual-Fernández, José
- Authors: De la Cruz-Modino, Raquel , Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina , Aswani, Shankar , González-Cruz, Carla , Domínguez, David , Ordóñez García, Paula , Santana-Talavera, Agustín , Pascual-Fernández, José
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391319 , vital:68641 , ISBN 978-3-031-07289-5 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07289-5
- Description: El Hierro has been characterized by the balance between human development and environmental sustainability. The island was historically far from the mass tourism developments dominant on the other Canary Islands. Tourism accommodations in El Hierro are few compared to more developed coastal areas in the Archipelago, and recreational activities are mainly linked to cultural and natural sites and resources. This chapter focuses on La Restinga fishing village and its coasts, where the ‘Sea of Calms’ and one multiple-use Marine Reserve (MR) are located, both of which became popular over the last decade. The tourist development experience has promoted a new way of looking at the sea and conceptualizing its habitats and populations. In 2014, after the submarine volcano eruption occurred in 2011, we estimated that at least 25,391 dives had been carried out in the diving spots established by the MR and other diving sites close to La Restinga. Despite the difficulties experienced after the volcano eruption, a unique imaginaire has been consolidated, thanks to the image of the island's exclusive nature and iconic elements. In addition, the rapid recovery of the destination is an excellent example of how the tourism system can adapt and incorporate unexpected events such as volcanic eruptions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: De la Cruz-Modino, Raquel , Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina , Aswani, Shankar , González-Cruz, Carla , Domínguez, David , Ordóñez García, Paula , Santana-Talavera, Agustín , Pascual-Fernández, José
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391319 , vital:68641 , ISBN 978-3-031-07289-5 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07289-5
- Description: El Hierro has been characterized by the balance between human development and environmental sustainability. The island was historically far from the mass tourism developments dominant on the other Canary Islands. Tourism accommodations in El Hierro are few compared to more developed coastal areas in the Archipelago, and recreational activities are mainly linked to cultural and natural sites and resources. This chapter focuses on La Restinga fishing village and its coasts, where the ‘Sea of Calms’ and one multiple-use Marine Reserve (MR) are located, both of which became popular over the last decade. The tourist development experience has promoted a new way of looking at the sea and conceptualizing its habitats and populations. In 2014, after the submarine volcano eruption occurred in 2011, we estimated that at least 25,391 dives had been carried out in the diving spots established by the MR and other diving sites close to La Restinga. Despite the difficulties experienced after the volcano eruption, a unique imaginaire has been consolidated, thanks to the image of the island's exclusive nature and iconic elements. In addition, the rapid recovery of the destination is an excellent example of how the tourism system can adapt and incorporate unexpected events such as volcanic eruptions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Deep Palmprint Recognition with Alignment and Augmentation of Limited Training Samples
- Brown, Dane L, Bradshaw, Karen L
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440249 , vital:73760 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-021-00859-3"
- Description: This paper builds upon a previously proposed automatic palmprint alignment and classification system. The proposed system was geared towards palmprints acquired from either contact or contactless sensors. It was robust to finger location and fist shape changes—accurately extracting the palmprints in images without fingers. An extension to this previous work includes comparisons of traditional and deep learning models, both with hyperparameter tuning. The proposed methods are compared with related verification systems and a detailed evaluation of open-set identification. The best results were yielded by a proposed Convolutional Neural Network, based on VGG-16, and outperforming tuned VGG-16 and Xception architectures. All deep learning algorithms are provided with augmented data, included in the tuning process, enabling significant accuracy gains. Highlights include near-zero and zero EER on IITD-Palmprint verification using one training sample and leave-one-out strategy, respectively. Therefore, the proposed palmprint system is practical as it is effective on data containing many and few training examples.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440249 , vital:73760 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-021-00859-3"
- Description: This paper builds upon a previously proposed automatic palmprint alignment and classification system. The proposed system was geared towards palmprints acquired from either contact or contactless sensors. It was robust to finger location and fist shape changes—accurately extracting the palmprints in images without fingers. An extension to this previous work includes comparisons of traditional and deep learning models, both with hyperparameter tuning. The proposed methods are compared with related verification systems and a detailed evaluation of open-set identification. The best results were yielded by a proposed Convolutional Neural Network, based on VGG-16, and outperforming tuned VGG-16 and Xception architectures. All deep learning algorithms are provided with augmented data, included in the tuning process, enabling significant accuracy gains. Highlights include near-zero and zero EER on IITD-Palmprint verification using one training sample and leave-one-out strategy, respectively. Therefore, the proposed palmprint system is practical as it is effective on data containing many and few training examples.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Household dietary patterns and food security challenges in Peri-Urban South Africa: A reflection of high unemployment in the wake of rising food prices
- Authors: Chakona, Gamuchirai
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433943 , vital:73013 , ISBN 978-3-030-93072-1 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93072-1_11
- Description: Urbanization is one of the major social changes sweeping the globe, with rapid growth of the urban population and stagnating growth of the rural population, especially in developing regions (UN-Habitat, 2020). In subSaharan Africa, rapid urbanization and poverty are the major fundamental development challenges that are perpetuating and deepening the crisis of food and nutrition insecurity in urban areas (Battersby, 2012). Many people living in urban areas face under-nutrition, mainly due to their lack of income rather than to a lack of capacity to produce food (Satterthwaite et al., 2010). The health and nutritional status of urban populations with very low incomes are at risk from rising prices in staple foods. This became evident with the rising hunger among urban populations after the food price rises in 2007 and the first half of 2008 (Cohen and Garrett, 2009). In South Africa, poverty, unemployment and high food prices are dominant and influence dietary change, which subsequently increases urban food insecurity and malnutrition (Battersby, 2012).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Chakona, Gamuchirai
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433943 , vital:73013 , ISBN 978-3-030-93072-1 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93072-1_11
- Description: Urbanization is one of the major social changes sweeping the globe, with rapid growth of the urban population and stagnating growth of the rural population, especially in developing regions (UN-Habitat, 2020). In subSaharan Africa, rapid urbanization and poverty are the major fundamental development challenges that are perpetuating and deepening the crisis of food and nutrition insecurity in urban areas (Battersby, 2012). Many people living in urban areas face under-nutrition, mainly due to their lack of income rather than to a lack of capacity to produce food (Satterthwaite et al., 2010). The health and nutritional status of urban populations with very low incomes are at risk from rising prices in staple foods. This became evident with the rising hunger among urban populations after the food price rises in 2007 and the first half of 2008 (Cohen and Garrett, 2009). In South Africa, poverty, unemployment and high food prices are dominant and influence dietary change, which subsequently increases urban food insecurity and malnutrition (Battersby, 2012).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Lalela uLwandle: An experiment in plural governance discussions
- Erwin, Kira, Pereira, Taryn, McGarry, Dylan K, Coppen, Neil
- Authors: Erwin, Kira , Pereira, Taryn , McGarry, Dylan K , Coppen, Neil
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436145 , vital:73230 , ISBN 978-3-030-99347-4 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20
- Description: Symbolic, cultural and spiritual meanings of the oceans, whilst different depending on positionality, are important aspects of understanding humans’ relationship with the oceans. Currently in South Africa, cultural, social and spiritual meanings of the oceans are given little consideration in the rush for the Blue Economy and ocean governance frame-works. Neither are they widely considered in environmental conservation and management. This chapter argues that for inclusive ocean governance it is necessary to create more equitable listening forums for how different epistemologies makes sense of the oceans. The chapter draws from the research-based theatre project called Lalela uLwandle performed along the KwaZulu-Natal Coast. The chapter explores what is lost when knowledge systems are conceived as incommensurable and how this serves hegemonic interests. Importantly, it also explores what might be gained when we embody more fluid and plural epistemologies that can mould, expand, broaden and enrich our decision-making process on the ocean.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Erwin, Kira , Pereira, Taryn , McGarry, Dylan K , Coppen, Neil
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436145 , vital:73230 , ISBN 978-3-030-99347-4 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20
- Description: Symbolic, cultural and spiritual meanings of the oceans, whilst different depending on positionality, are important aspects of understanding humans’ relationship with the oceans. Currently in South Africa, cultural, social and spiritual meanings of the oceans are given little consideration in the rush for the Blue Economy and ocean governance frame-works. Neither are they widely considered in environmental conservation and management. This chapter argues that for inclusive ocean governance it is necessary to create more equitable listening forums for how different epistemologies makes sense of the oceans. The chapter draws from the research-based theatre project called Lalela uLwandle performed along the KwaZulu-Natal Coast. The chapter explores what is lost when knowledge systems are conceived as incommensurable and how this serves hegemonic interests. Importantly, it also explores what might be gained when we embody more fluid and plural epistemologies that can mould, expand, broaden and enrich our decision-making process on the ocean.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Plagiarism and the commodification of knowledge
- Authors: McKenna, Sioux
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/426967 , vital:72404 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00926-5"
- Description: Universities have put in place various policies and punishments to manage plagiarism and it is an issue of signifcant interest. This article looks at how plagiarism is discussed in the 55 Higher Education articles between 1982 and June 2022 that make some reference to the term. Many of the articles focused on a police-catch-punish approach and imbued a strong moral charge to the issue. In contrast to such articles were those that presented citation as a complex academic practice that needs to be engaged with educationally. Our understandings of and responses to plagiarism emerge from a number of causal mechanisms but I argue that a key mechanism is the commodifcation of knowledge. Where knowledge is a product to be packaged, bought, and sold, then ownership and attribution become more important than engagement and personal meaning making. Instead of our obsession with a police-catch-punish approach to plagiarism, at a more micro-level, we should be inducting students into the many roles citations serve, and at a macro-level, we should be engaging in considerations of the purposes of a higher education and how we might better enable students to enjoy a transformative relationship to knowledge.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: McKenna, Sioux
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/426967 , vital:72404 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00926-5"
- Description: Universities have put in place various policies and punishments to manage plagiarism and it is an issue of signifcant interest. This article looks at how plagiarism is discussed in the 55 Higher Education articles between 1982 and June 2022 that make some reference to the term. Many of the articles focused on a police-catch-punish approach and imbued a strong moral charge to the issue. In contrast to such articles were those that presented citation as a complex academic practice that needs to be engaged with educationally. Our understandings of and responses to plagiarism emerge from a number of causal mechanisms but I argue that a key mechanism is the commodifcation of knowledge. Where knowledge is a product to be packaged, bought, and sold, then ownership and attribution become more important than engagement and personal meaning making. Instead of our obsession with a police-catch-punish approach to plagiarism, at a more micro-level, we should be inducting students into the many roles citations serve, and at a macro-level, we should be engaging in considerations of the purposes of a higher education and how we might better enable students to enjoy a transformative relationship to knowledge.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Socio-ecological Justice Informed Curriculum: Inquiry Transformative Potentials of Critical Water Pedagogy
- Authors: James, Anna
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436159 , vital:73231 , ISBN 978-3-030-84510-0 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84510-0_5
- Description: This paper brings water education, critical pedagogy, and environmental learning into dialogue for the purposes of ar-ticulating some tensions and openings toward a critical envi-ronmental pedagogy that is asked of us in contexts of the Global South. Against this backdrop, I present a pedagogical framework for a socio-ecological school’s audit which seeks to bring to life the possibility of merging environmental and social movement knowledge. Drawing on the threads of transformative potential from literature on water education projects situated in South Africa, I offer a framework for en-gaging with water as socio-ecological phenomena that re-spond to multiple experiences and the urgency of knowing and shifting our structural relationship to water.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: James, Anna
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436159 , vital:73231 , ISBN 978-3-030-84510-0 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84510-0_5
- Description: This paper brings water education, critical pedagogy, and environmental learning into dialogue for the purposes of ar-ticulating some tensions and openings toward a critical envi-ronmental pedagogy that is asked of us in contexts of the Global South. Against this backdrop, I present a pedagogical framework for a socio-ecological school’s audit which seeks to bring to life the possibility of merging environmental and social movement knowledge. Drawing on the threads of transformative potential from literature on water education projects situated in South Africa, I offer a framework for en-gaging with water as socio-ecological phenomena that re-spond to multiple experiences and the urgency of knowing and shifting our structural relationship to water.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Solvent promoted tautomerism in thione-containing tetraazatricyclics: evidence from 1H NMR spectroscopy and transition state studies
- Odame, Felix, Tshentu, Zenixole R, Lobb, Kevin A
- Authors: Odame, Felix , Tshentu, Zenixole R , Lobb, Kevin A
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/453198 , vital:75230 , xlink:href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00894-022-05204-w"
- Description: Tautomerism in the nitro substituted thione-containing traazatricyclics has been investigated. Evidence from 1 H NMR indicating the existence of the tautomers has been augmented with computational studies providing evidence of the stability or otherwise of these tautomers. The role of water and DMSO in the formation of the tautomers has been explained. The role of the nitro group in assisting in the formation of the tautomers has been discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Odame, Felix , Tshentu, Zenixole R , Lobb, Kevin A
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/453198 , vital:75230 , xlink:href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00894-022-05204-w"
- Description: Tautomerism in the nitro substituted thione-containing traazatricyclics has been investigated. Evidence from 1 H NMR indicating the existence of the tautomers has been augmented with computational studies providing evidence of the stability or otherwise of these tautomers. The role of water and DMSO in the formation of the tautomers has been explained. The role of the nitro group in assisting in the formation of the tautomers has been discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
The Okavango Delta Peatlands
- Ellery, William N, Ellery, Karen S
- Authors: Ellery, William N , Ellery, Karen S
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434557 , vital:73077 , ISBN 978-3-030-86101-8 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86102-5_3
- Description: The presence of a large (approximately 2000 km2) peatland in a semi-arid climatic setting such as the Kalahari is unusual. Peat forms in permanently flooded areas in the Okavango Delta primarily due to the perennial input of large volumes of water from a distant catchment in the highlands of Angola, into a valley formed by rifting. Peat deposits form in three distinct settings in the Okavango: backswamp settings where open water is converted into homogeneous emergent peatlands, lake and channel margins where the peatland is patchy, and the inlets to lakes that connect to the primary distributary channel, which presently is the Okavango-Nqoga-Maunachira River system. An unusual feature of peat formation in backswamp areas, as well as in lake and channel margin settings, is that frequently mats of fine organic detritus on the bed rise to the water surface and are colonised by emergent plants.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Ellery, William N , Ellery, Karen S
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434557 , vital:73077 , ISBN 978-3-030-86101-8 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86102-5_3
- Description: The presence of a large (approximately 2000 km2) peatland in a semi-arid climatic setting such as the Kalahari is unusual. Peat forms in permanently flooded areas in the Okavango Delta primarily due to the perennial input of large volumes of water from a distant catchment in the highlands of Angola, into a valley formed by rifting. Peat deposits form in three distinct settings in the Okavango: backswamp settings where open water is converted into homogeneous emergent peatlands, lake and channel margins where the peatland is patchy, and the inlets to lakes that connect to the primary distributary channel, which presently is the Okavango-Nqoga-Maunachira River system. An unusual feature of peat formation in backswamp areas, as well as in lake and channel margin settings, is that frequently mats of fine organic detritus on the bed rise to the water surface and are colonised by emergent plants.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Why Doctoral Education is a Place to be Committed to Social Justice: From Argument to Practice
- Nerad, Mareis, Chiappa, Roxana
- Authors: Nerad, Mareis , Chiappa, Roxana
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434529 , vital:73073 , ISBN 978-981-16-9048-8 , https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-9049-5_9
- Description: Doctoral education is the last formal step in a globally accepted higher education certification scheme. It has the formal responsibility of educating the next generation of scholars. This unique role gives doctoral education programs access to people who have, or will have, authority about specific subjects and would be able to make changes that contribute to socially just practices. This chapter is the beginning of an investigative journey to demonstrate that such changes can be executed not only in the research agenda but also in the doctorate research training processes—the research-training ecosystem itself. Using a few examples, we explain how a social justice approach can be used to scrutinize processes of doctoral recruitment and admission, preparation of doctoral candidates for the workplace, and pedagogical decisions exerted throughout the doctorate program. Particularly, in our current era of rising nationalist governments, an alarming environmental crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic raging, we argue that doctoral education can play a critical role of making visible and questioning the norms and values that (re)produce inequity and exclusion in society at the local, national, and global levels.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Nerad, Mareis , Chiappa, Roxana
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434529 , vital:73073 , ISBN 978-981-16-9048-8 , https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-9049-5_9
- Description: Doctoral education is the last formal step in a globally accepted higher education certification scheme. It has the formal responsibility of educating the next generation of scholars. This unique role gives doctoral education programs access to people who have, or will have, authority about specific subjects and would be able to make changes that contribute to socially just practices. This chapter is the beginning of an investigative journey to demonstrate that such changes can be executed not only in the research agenda but also in the doctorate research training processes—the research-training ecosystem itself. Using a few examples, we explain how a social justice approach can be used to scrutinize processes of doctoral recruitment and admission, preparation of doctoral candidates for the workplace, and pedagogical decisions exerted throughout the doctorate program. Particularly, in our current era of rising nationalist governments, an alarming environmental crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic raging, we argue that doctoral education can play a critical role of making visible and questioning the norms and values that (re)produce inequity and exclusion in society at the local, national, and global levels.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Advancing urban ecology in the global south: emerging themes and future research directions
- du Toit, Marie J, Shackleton, Charlie M, Cilliers, Sarel S, Davoren, Elandre
- Authors: du Toit, Marie J , Shackleton, Charlie M , Cilliers, Sarel S , Davoren, Elandre
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433713 , vital:72996 , ISBN 978-3-030-67650-6 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67650-6_17
- Description: The rapid growth in urban ecological research and application has been led by countries of the Global North, particularly Europe and the USA, albeit not restricted to them. However, this belies that most urban growth is currently in the Global South, with the differential set to increase in the future. Thus, there is an imbalance between where the bulk of urban ecological research and framings are developed and where the majority of urban citizens globally live, work and seek to meet their aspirations. This chapter illustrates how this book addressed the identified research gaps in the Global South. We also highlight dominant recurring themes in Global South research discourse and importantly, where future research efforts over the next decade should be focussed. Eight themes are considered, namely: inequality; informality; urban–rural links; small and medium-sized towns and cities; urban green infrastructure, biodiversity and ecosystem services; understanding and accommodating multiple worldviews of urban nature; human health and urban nature; and specific research approaches.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: du Toit, Marie J , Shackleton, Charlie M , Cilliers, Sarel S , Davoren, Elandre
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433713 , vital:72996 , ISBN 978-3-030-67650-6 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67650-6_17
- Description: The rapid growth in urban ecological research and application has been led by countries of the Global North, particularly Europe and the USA, albeit not restricted to them. However, this belies that most urban growth is currently in the Global South, with the differential set to increase in the future. Thus, there is an imbalance between where the bulk of urban ecological research and framings are developed and where the majority of urban citizens globally live, work and seek to meet their aspirations. This chapter illustrates how this book addressed the identified research gaps in the Global South. We also highlight dominant recurring themes in Global South research discourse and importantly, where future research efforts over the next decade should be focussed. Eight themes are considered, namely: inequality; informality; urban–rural links; small and medium-sized towns and cities; urban green infrastructure, biodiversity and ecosystem services; understanding and accommodating multiple worldviews of urban nature; human health and urban nature; and specific research approaches.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Development and education that sustain: Expanding value chains in agriculture, mining and higher education in southern Africa
- Rosenberg, Eureta, Shumba, Overson, Ngoma, Justine, Cobban, Leigh
- Authors: Rosenberg, Eureta , Shumba, Overson , Ngoma, Justine , Cobban, Leigh
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435811 , vital:73203 , ISBN 978-3-030-74693-3 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74693-3_16
- Description: Deep sustainability, as defined in this chapter, requires a rad-ical conceptual shift, and aligned practical strategies for cre-ating livelihoods and value in new ways. This chapter ex-plores an expanded value chain approach through which in-dustries, communities and higher education institutions in Af-rica can transition towards development that sustains eco-systems and society. An analysis is presented, based on ex-amples from agriculture and mining, two of the most signifi-cant industries on the continent, as well as higher education. The analysis is done by applying key concepts to existing case studies from Zambia and South Africa, and then explor-ing implications for higher education institutions. The chapter concludes that possibilities for more sustainable and shared value creation are already evident in the selected industries, but achieving the shifts required is challenging. Higher edu-cation emerges as having a very significant role to play, through new curriculum and research directions, with greater local relevance, to enable graduates and industries to critical-ly and creatively engage with the challenges on the road to greater sustainability. In this way, higher education institu-tions would become partners in expanded, shared value cre-ation towards deep sustainability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Rosenberg, Eureta , Shumba, Overson , Ngoma, Justine , Cobban, Leigh
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435811 , vital:73203 , ISBN 978-3-030-74693-3 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74693-3_16
- Description: Deep sustainability, as defined in this chapter, requires a rad-ical conceptual shift, and aligned practical strategies for cre-ating livelihoods and value in new ways. This chapter ex-plores an expanded value chain approach through which in-dustries, communities and higher education institutions in Af-rica can transition towards development that sustains eco-systems and society. An analysis is presented, based on ex-amples from agriculture and mining, two of the most signifi-cant industries on the continent, as well as higher education. The analysis is done by applying key concepts to existing case studies from Zambia and South Africa, and then explor-ing implications for higher education institutions. The chapter concludes that possibilities for more sustainable and shared value creation are already evident in the selected industries, but achieving the shifts required is challenging. Higher edu-cation emerges as having a very significant role to play, through new curriculum and research directions, with greater local relevance, to enable graduates and industries to critical-ly and creatively engage with the challenges on the road to greater sustainability. In this way, higher education institu-tions would become partners in expanded, shared value cre-ation towards deep sustainability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Ecosystem provisioning services in Global South cities
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433764 , vital:72999 , ISBN 978-3-030-67650-6 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67650-6_8
- Description: All of humankind, urban and rural, rich and poor and whether living in the Global South or the Global North rely to some degree on provisioning ecosystem services such as food, water, timber, fibre and medicinal products. However, in contrast to the Global North the contextual forces shaping many urban livelihoods in the Global South necessitate that many people access the needed provisioning services themselves by directly harvesting or collecting from the immediate, local urban and peri-urban environments, or purchasing them from those who do. Thus, the need for and local availability of provisioning services has profound implications for not only the quality of urban livelihoods, but also the urban ecology in relation to extent and use of urban green infrastructure from where the provisioning services are sourced and the species within them. This chapter summarises compelling evidence from throughout the Global South regarding the extent of use of locally sourced provisioning services by urban communities. It shows that Global South contexts prompt the use of a diverse array of resource types and hundreds of different species in specific settings, much greater than found in Global North cities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433764 , vital:72999 , ISBN 978-3-030-67650-6 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67650-6_8
- Description: All of humankind, urban and rural, rich and poor and whether living in the Global South or the Global North rely to some degree on provisioning ecosystem services such as food, water, timber, fibre and medicinal products. However, in contrast to the Global North the contextual forces shaping many urban livelihoods in the Global South necessitate that many people access the needed provisioning services themselves by directly harvesting or collecting from the immediate, local urban and peri-urban environments, or purchasing them from those who do. Thus, the need for and local availability of provisioning services has profound implications for not only the quality of urban livelihoods, but also the urban ecology in relation to extent and use of urban green infrastructure from where the provisioning services are sourced and the species within them. This chapter summarises compelling evidence from throughout the Global South regarding the extent of use of locally sourced provisioning services by urban communities. It shows that Global South contexts prompt the use of a diverse array of resource types and hundreds of different species in specific settings, much greater than found in Global North cities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Inclusion as social justice: Nancy Fraser’s theory in the South African context
- Musara, Ellison, Grant, Carolyn, Vorster, Jo-Anne E
- Authors: Musara, Ellison , Grant, Carolyn , Vorster, Jo-Anne E
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/453493 , vital:75258 , ISBN 978-3-030-35858-7 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35858-7_107
- Description: Current research suggests that the meaning of inclusion and social justice is still widely contested despite the seeming global acceptance of these educational reforms in most nations. While inclusion and social justice policies are now prevalent in many countries, these concepts bear discussion because they remain elusive and thus subject to numerous interpretations. This chapter reports on conceptualizations of inclusion and social justice in the South African context by authors who live and work in South Africa. They critically examine the concept of inclusion using American critical theorist-feminist Nancy Fraser’s social justice framework. The authors demonstrate how this substantive theory of justice usefully provides conceptual tools for understanding inequalities and inequities in education. An analysis is presented of inclusion as social justice and demonstrates what it looks like in the real-life practice of a South African case. Educators will find conceptual tools aimed at creating meaningful interventions in the areas of inclusion, equity, and social justice that support diverse learners with wide-ranging needs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Musara, Ellison , Grant, Carolyn , Vorster, Jo-Anne E
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/453493 , vital:75258 , ISBN 978-3-030-35858-7 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35858-7_107
- Description: Current research suggests that the meaning of inclusion and social justice is still widely contested despite the seeming global acceptance of these educational reforms in most nations. While inclusion and social justice policies are now prevalent in many countries, these concepts bear discussion because they remain elusive and thus subject to numerous interpretations. This chapter reports on conceptualizations of inclusion and social justice in the South African context by authors who live and work in South Africa. They critically examine the concept of inclusion using American critical theorist-feminist Nancy Fraser’s social justice framework. The authors demonstrate how this substantive theory of justice usefully provides conceptual tools for understanding inequalities and inequities in education. An analysis is presented of inclusion as social justice and demonstrates what it looks like in the real-life practice of a South African case. Educators will find conceptual tools aimed at creating meaningful interventions in the areas of inclusion, equity, and social justice that support diverse learners with wide-ranging needs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021