A Framework for Broadband Adoption in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality to Enable Citizen Access to e-Government
- Twetwa-Dube, Sithandile Pornelia
- Authors: Twetwa-Dube, Sithandile Pornelia
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Electronic government information
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Information Systems)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18963 , vital:43003
- Description: E-government has been adopted as one of the cornerstones of the government‘s strategy for making services accessible to its citizens. The aim of this broadband adoption is to provide high quality public sector services via digital channels to improve cost-efficiency and generate benefits to municipality employees and citizen. A major challenge that municipalities face is the lack of public participation which restricts levels of communication between governments and municipalities and the citizen where public misses out on information and services available online, which results in further inequality. This has a devastating impact on service delivery because participatory democracy would be non-existent. Limited IT infrastructure, resistance to change, cultural barriers and exposure of malpractice are main themes related to IT usage or facilitating IT access for the wider public. Furthermore, lack of meaningful participation and freedom of association emerged as themes related to governance effectiveness. A mixed approach within a case study was considered, and data was collected through an online questionnaire and review of current literature. The study collected primary data by conducting web based questionnaires comprising sixty respondent’s citizens and fifteen municipal employees, including Information and Communication Technology (ICT) employees and broadband task team members. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) to analyse data from questionnaires. The selected BCMM employees of the population were known to have the relevant knowledge, time and experience to participate. Responses to each question developed the framework further based on the findings. Respondents were selected based on their appropriate knowledge and experience of the problem domain. Six experts were selected for final evaluation of the research findings. Firstly, the findings provided on barriers impact on the adoption of e-government. Secondly, on the techniques available to ensure access to e-government within BCMM. Thirdly, on the availability of technologies currently in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Finally, on the elements of a Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality broadband adoption strategy. This study evaluates barriers of e-government adoption, assessing strategies and techniques for accessing e-government services, examines current technologies to support e-government service within municipalities and analyses elements of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality broadband adoption strategy. A broadband adoption model was proposed based on empirical findings. Key adoption factors include adoption benefits and drivers, concerns and barriers and adoption interventions. These factors provide an essential foundation for the development of the proposed broadband adoption framework. The contribution of this study is a framework based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Technology Organisation Environment (TOE) framework to determine factors that influence or restrict a citizen’s intention to use and adopt technology, specifically broadband, in e-government services as a tool for citizen engagement. The proposed framework aims to overcome barriers to broadband adoption 4 Final Submission of Thesis, Dissertation or Research Report/Project, Conference or Exam Paper in municipalities, specifically Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) to enable citizens’ access to e-government services.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Twetwa-Dube, Sithandile Pornelia
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Electronic government information
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Information Systems)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18963 , vital:43003
- Description: E-government has been adopted as one of the cornerstones of the government‘s strategy for making services accessible to its citizens. The aim of this broadband adoption is to provide high quality public sector services via digital channels to improve cost-efficiency and generate benefits to municipality employees and citizen. A major challenge that municipalities face is the lack of public participation which restricts levels of communication between governments and municipalities and the citizen where public misses out on information and services available online, which results in further inequality. This has a devastating impact on service delivery because participatory democracy would be non-existent. Limited IT infrastructure, resistance to change, cultural barriers and exposure of malpractice are main themes related to IT usage or facilitating IT access for the wider public. Furthermore, lack of meaningful participation and freedom of association emerged as themes related to governance effectiveness. A mixed approach within a case study was considered, and data was collected through an online questionnaire and review of current literature. The study collected primary data by conducting web based questionnaires comprising sixty respondent’s citizens and fifteen municipal employees, including Information and Communication Technology (ICT) employees and broadband task team members. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) to analyse data from questionnaires. The selected BCMM employees of the population were known to have the relevant knowledge, time and experience to participate. Responses to each question developed the framework further based on the findings. Respondents were selected based on their appropriate knowledge and experience of the problem domain. Six experts were selected for final evaluation of the research findings. Firstly, the findings provided on barriers impact on the adoption of e-government. Secondly, on the techniques available to ensure access to e-government within BCMM. Thirdly, on the availability of technologies currently in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Finally, on the elements of a Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality broadband adoption strategy. This study evaluates barriers of e-government adoption, assessing strategies and techniques for accessing e-government services, examines current technologies to support e-government service within municipalities and analyses elements of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality broadband adoption strategy. A broadband adoption model was proposed based on empirical findings. Key adoption factors include adoption benefits and drivers, concerns and barriers and adoption interventions. These factors provide an essential foundation for the development of the proposed broadband adoption framework. The contribution of this study is a framework based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Technology Organisation Environment (TOE) framework to determine factors that influence or restrict a citizen’s intention to use and adopt technology, specifically broadband, in e-government services as a tool for citizen engagement. The proposed framework aims to overcome barriers to broadband adoption 4 Final Submission of Thesis, Dissertation or Research Report/Project, Conference or Exam Paper in municipalities, specifically Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) to enable citizens’ access to e-government services.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A study of the geology of the Vaalbank and Lady Frere areas in the Karoo Basin of South Africa using gravity, magnetic and gamma-ray spectrometry data: implications of groundwater potential
- Khalimashe, Sinesihle, Gwavava, Oswald
- Authors: Khalimashe, Sinesihle , Gwavava, Oswald
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Gamma ray astronomy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Geology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11983 , vital:39124
- Description: The Vaalbank and Lady Frere areas belong to the Elliot, Molteno and Burgersdorp Formations, that are part of the sedimentary succession of the Beaufort Group in the Karoo Basin of South Africa. There is Quaternary alluvium covering the mudstone, sandstone and shale rocks of the Beaufort Group. Dolerite and gabbro sills of the Karoo age have intruded the whole area. A number of investigations were carried out for the study namely field observations, petrographic, X-ray diffraction, airborne gamma-ray spectrometry, aeromagnetic and gravity analyses. Twenty four rock samples were collected in the field from fresh outcrops of the Karoo dolerites, Burgersdorp and Molteno formations. The measured densities and porosities show that the Karoo dolerite suite has the highest average dry density of 2.771 g/cm3 and the lowest average porosity of 3%. The Burgersdorp Formation has an intermediate average density of 2.458 g/cm3 and an intermediate average porosity of 5.4%. The Molteno Formation has the lowest average density of 2.190 g/cm3 and the highest average porosity of 14.5%. Petrographic and geochemical investigations were carried on 19 rocks samples collected in the field to determine the mineralogy character using microscopic and XRD analyses. Both petrographic and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the sandstones of the study area are composed of quartz as their primary mineral and feldspars as the secondary mineral. The dolerite consists of euhedral structured minerals such as magnetite, pyroxene, plagioclase and amphibole. The gamma ray maps show high spectrometric values are associated with the Burgersdorp Formation, alluvium cover and dolerite dykes. The low spectrometric values are associated with dolerite sills and ring complexes. The boundaries of the sill/ring complexes are clearly delineated by the K/U ratio and ternary maps. The magnetic maps show ring like patterns of magnetic high anomalies that are due to the sills/ring complexes whilst the numerous, narrow, linear magnetic highs are due to faults and dolerite dyke swarms. The majority of the dykes trend in a NW-SE direction and a few dykes are in a NE-SE direction. The magnetic power spectrum indicates four depths of the magnetic sources at average depths of 0.13 km, 1.60 km, 2.83 km and 12.40 km. The magnetic depth iii slices maps show that both the circular/ring like and linear anomalies extend from shallow to deeper depth of 12.4 km. The gravity map is dominated by a long wavelength gravity anomaly that increases from about -120 mGals in the northwestern corner of the study area to -110 mGals in the southeastern corner of the study area. Results from 2½D gravity modelling show that this long wavelength anomaly is due to a horizontal Moho at a depth of 47 km in the study area, which shallows outside the study area near the coast. Superimposed on it are short wavelength gravity anomalies due to low density sediments and high density dolerite intrusions. The simple 2½D models generated from five profiles traversing the study area reveal that the sediments of the Karoo Supergroup extend from the surface down to a depth 5 km below sea level attaining a maximum thickness of about 6½ km. These sediments are dykes, sills and ring complexes. The dykes and sills/ring complexes identified from gamma ray spectrometry, magnetic and gravity data results are likely to be associated with fractures, joints, cracks and fissures in the host rocks, which form preferential pathways for groundwater transmission. Hence, they could be suitable targets for groundwater.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Khalimashe, Sinesihle , Gwavava, Oswald
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Gamma ray astronomy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Geology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11983 , vital:39124
- Description: The Vaalbank and Lady Frere areas belong to the Elliot, Molteno and Burgersdorp Formations, that are part of the sedimentary succession of the Beaufort Group in the Karoo Basin of South Africa. There is Quaternary alluvium covering the mudstone, sandstone and shale rocks of the Beaufort Group. Dolerite and gabbro sills of the Karoo age have intruded the whole area. A number of investigations were carried out for the study namely field observations, petrographic, X-ray diffraction, airborne gamma-ray spectrometry, aeromagnetic and gravity analyses. Twenty four rock samples were collected in the field from fresh outcrops of the Karoo dolerites, Burgersdorp and Molteno formations. The measured densities and porosities show that the Karoo dolerite suite has the highest average dry density of 2.771 g/cm3 and the lowest average porosity of 3%. The Burgersdorp Formation has an intermediate average density of 2.458 g/cm3 and an intermediate average porosity of 5.4%. The Molteno Formation has the lowest average density of 2.190 g/cm3 and the highest average porosity of 14.5%. Petrographic and geochemical investigations were carried on 19 rocks samples collected in the field to determine the mineralogy character using microscopic and XRD analyses. Both petrographic and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the sandstones of the study area are composed of quartz as their primary mineral and feldspars as the secondary mineral. The dolerite consists of euhedral structured minerals such as magnetite, pyroxene, plagioclase and amphibole. The gamma ray maps show high spectrometric values are associated with the Burgersdorp Formation, alluvium cover and dolerite dykes. The low spectrometric values are associated with dolerite sills and ring complexes. The boundaries of the sill/ring complexes are clearly delineated by the K/U ratio and ternary maps. The magnetic maps show ring like patterns of magnetic high anomalies that are due to the sills/ring complexes whilst the numerous, narrow, linear magnetic highs are due to faults and dolerite dyke swarms. The majority of the dykes trend in a NW-SE direction and a few dykes are in a NE-SE direction. The magnetic power spectrum indicates four depths of the magnetic sources at average depths of 0.13 km, 1.60 km, 2.83 km and 12.40 km. The magnetic depth iii slices maps show that both the circular/ring like and linear anomalies extend from shallow to deeper depth of 12.4 km. The gravity map is dominated by a long wavelength gravity anomaly that increases from about -120 mGals in the northwestern corner of the study area to -110 mGals in the southeastern corner of the study area. Results from 2½D gravity modelling show that this long wavelength anomaly is due to a horizontal Moho at a depth of 47 km in the study area, which shallows outside the study area near the coast. Superimposed on it are short wavelength gravity anomalies due to low density sediments and high density dolerite intrusions. The simple 2½D models generated from five profiles traversing the study area reveal that the sediments of the Karoo Supergroup extend from the surface down to a depth 5 km below sea level attaining a maximum thickness of about 6½ km. These sediments are dykes, sills and ring complexes. The dykes and sills/ring complexes identified from gamma ray spectrometry, magnetic and gravity data results are likely to be associated with fractures, joints, cracks and fissures in the host rocks, which form preferential pathways for groundwater transmission. Hence, they could be suitable targets for groundwater.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Access to social grants information by the Balfour Village elderly population in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Faku, Andile
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Information services Information resources
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc. Sci (Library and Information Science)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18096 , vital:42231
- Description: This study sought to investigate the access to information about social grants by the elderly population of Balfour village in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality in SA’s Eastern Cape Province. A study on access to information is quite relevant in the knowledge-based economies. People act when they have information and similarly elderly people require information in order to access their grants. This study is quite relevant in the Library and Information Science field. The targeted population for the study were the elderly people of the Balfour village. The qualitative research approach was used in this study. The researcher selected a sample for the study using snowballsampling procedure. Both in-depth interviews and questionnaires were employed as methods of gathering data and thematic analysis of data was used. Results showed that there is a lack of information dissemination and access to information about social grants for elderly people living in Balfour. The study found out that elderly people in Balfour complained that, in most cases, they were not sure about the documents they were supposed to bring with them when they visited the South African Social Security Agency offices. This indicates the need for SASSA to train their staff members to be customer orientated and encourage staff to empower themselves with formal educational qualifications. In addition, the distance to and from SASSA offices is of great concern because elderly people spend significant amounts of money for travelling these distances. Therefore, there must be an office that is situated in a favourable distance to the elderly so that they do not struggle when they want to reach SASSA offices. Another option would be to avail a mobile office that may serve the area two or three times a week.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Faku, Andile
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Information services Information resources
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc. Sci (Library and Information Science)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18096 , vital:42231
- Description: This study sought to investigate the access to information about social grants by the elderly population of Balfour village in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality in SA’s Eastern Cape Province. A study on access to information is quite relevant in the knowledge-based economies. People act when they have information and similarly elderly people require information in order to access their grants. This study is quite relevant in the Library and Information Science field. The targeted population for the study were the elderly people of the Balfour village. The qualitative research approach was used in this study. The researcher selected a sample for the study using snowballsampling procedure. Both in-depth interviews and questionnaires were employed as methods of gathering data and thematic analysis of data was used. Results showed that there is a lack of information dissemination and access to information about social grants for elderly people living in Balfour. The study found out that elderly people in Balfour complained that, in most cases, they were not sure about the documents they were supposed to bring with them when they visited the South African Social Security Agency offices. This indicates the need for SASSA to train their staff members to be customer orientated and encourage staff to empower themselves with formal educational qualifications. In addition, the distance to and from SASSA offices is of great concern because elderly people spend significant amounts of money for travelling these distances. Therefore, there must be an office that is situated in a favourable distance to the elderly so that they do not struggle when they want to reach SASSA offices. Another option would be to avail a mobile office that may serve the area two or three times a week.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Accessibility of agricultural information by smallholder farmers in Amatole District Municipality: Nexus between agricultural extension services and the library
- Authors: Sigigaba, Masimthembe
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Farms, Small
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Agric (Agric Extension)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18849 , vital:42870
- Description: Accessibility to relevant, accurate and timely information remains vital in farming. For farmers to improve their productivity they depend on access to pertinent agricultural information. Such information updated them about new agricultural technologies, climate change, new cultivars, access to market and access to financial assistance. These types of information help farmers in decision making regarding their farming. Agricultural extension officers remain a reliable source where farmers could obtain relevant agricultural information. Community libraries are also channels that could be used by agricultural extension officers to complement their work of providing farmers with information. Thus, the study sought to assess linkage between these two institutions to provide farmers with information. A positivism paradigm with quantitative research approach were adopted in the study. Smallholder farmers (169), agricultural extension officers (5) and librarians (15) were the unit of analysis. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection and SPSS software for analysis. Findings revealed that, agricultural extension officers mostly utilise interpersonal channels that include demonstrations, group meetings and face-to-face interaction to provide farmers with information. Community libraries were found to be non-utilised by extension services and also by farmers. Farmers were of the perception that libraries are meant for educated people. It was also discovered that community libraries have information on agriculture that only targets learners who are taking agriculture in school as a subject. There was no existing linkage between agricultural extension services and community libraries working together to provide farmers with pertinent agricultural information that can help them improve productivity
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Sigigaba, Masimthembe
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Farms, Small
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Agric (Agric Extension)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18849 , vital:42870
- Description: Accessibility to relevant, accurate and timely information remains vital in farming. For farmers to improve their productivity they depend on access to pertinent agricultural information. Such information updated them about new agricultural technologies, climate change, new cultivars, access to market and access to financial assistance. These types of information help farmers in decision making regarding their farming. Agricultural extension officers remain a reliable source where farmers could obtain relevant agricultural information. Community libraries are also channels that could be used by agricultural extension officers to complement their work of providing farmers with information. Thus, the study sought to assess linkage between these two institutions to provide farmers with information. A positivism paradigm with quantitative research approach were adopted in the study. Smallholder farmers (169), agricultural extension officers (5) and librarians (15) were the unit of analysis. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection and SPSS software for analysis. Findings revealed that, agricultural extension officers mostly utilise interpersonal channels that include demonstrations, group meetings and face-to-face interaction to provide farmers with information. Community libraries were found to be non-utilised by extension services and also by farmers. Farmers were of the perception that libraries are meant for educated people. It was also discovered that community libraries have information on agriculture that only targets learners who are taking agriculture in school as a subject. There was no existing linkage between agricultural extension services and community libraries working together to provide farmers with pertinent agricultural information that can help them improve productivity
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Adol-Safety: A Framework for Empowering Parents to be Aware of Social Network Threats Affecting Adolescents
- Mjoli, Phumelela, Shibeshi, Z
- Authors: Mjoli, Phumelela , Shibeshi, Z
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Social networks Social media|
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Computer Science )
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12016 , vital:39127
- Description: The use of social networks has grown so much that adolescents have become active members of various social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, etc. The gradual change in how people choose to communicate, socialize and share ideas today has influenced adolescents to an extent that they find themselves wanting to engage more on social networks than they really should due to peer pressure. Whenever a person joins social networks or browses the Internet, they by default are exposed and become vulnerable to many cyber threats. Cyber threats are driven by users that have negative intentions on the Internet or social networks. Adolescents are no exception to these cyber threats. The findings of this research reveal that threats such as cyberbullying, harassment, and online predators to name a few are often designed to abuse and affect adolescents). Therefore, this research aims to prevent such threats from prevailing by empowering parents to be aware of the threats that affect their adolescents in an online environment, which typically includes social networks. To achieve this, this research starts by investigating the cyber threats that affect adolescents and then explores ways that can be used to empower parents. A framework is developed to handle this. The framework includes strategies that parents can adopt and ways in which safety on social networks can be increased, as well as guidelines that can be followed in order to prevent cyber threats. The framework also aims to enhance a parent-child relationship that can help in preventing social network threats. Lastly, the framework is implemented as a knowledgesharing website that can be used by parents to receive and give an insight into social network threats that influence adolescents on social networks.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mjoli, Phumelela , Shibeshi, Z
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Social networks Social media|
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Computer Science )
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12016 , vital:39127
- Description: The use of social networks has grown so much that adolescents have become active members of various social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, etc. The gradual change in how people choose to communicate, socialize and share ideas today has influenced adolescents to an extent that they find themselves wanting to engage more on social networks than they really should due to peer pressure. Whenever a person joins social networks or browses the Internet, they by default are exposed and become vulnerable to many cyber threats. Cyber threats are driven by users that have negative intentions on the Internet or social networks. Adolescents are no exception to these cyber threats. The findings of this research reveal that threats such as cyberbullying, harassment, and online predators to name a few are often designed to abuse and affect adolescents). Therefore, this research aims to prevent such threats from prevailing by empowering parents to be aware of the threats that affect their adolescents in an online environment, which typically includes social networks. To achieve this, this research starts by investigating the cyber threats that affect adolescents and then explores ways that can be used to empower parents. A framework is developed to handle this. The framework includes strategies that parents can adopt and ways in which safety on social networks can be increased, as well as guidelines that can be followed in order to prevent cyber threats. The framework also aims to enhance a parent-child relationship that can help in preventing social network threats. Lastly, the framework is implemented as a knowledgesharing website that can be used by parents to receive and give an insight into social network threats that influence adolescents on social networks.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
An in silico analysis, purification and partial kinetic characterisation of a serine protease from Gelidium pristoides
- Authors: Ntsata, Zolani
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Gelidium Proteolytic enzymes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12076 , vital:39149
- Description: The aim of this study was to characterize the protease enzyme (s) from red algae. An in silico analysis of red algae genomes was used to identify gene coding for protease. Protease sequences identified from these genomes were examined for conserved domains, active site and structures. The domain search revealed that the identified sequences were from the five classes of protease enzymes. For function inference, the red algae sequences were aligned to identify the catalytic sites, and the tertiary structures were predicted using homology modelling. An in silico analysis provides an indication of the class and potential functions of the enzymes. However, it cannot predict whether the gene is constitutively expressed in the red algae or under which conditions it may be induced, and it cannot determine the kinetic efficiency of an enzyme against various substrate, or the optimum conditions for the protein activity. Attempts to clone and recombinantly express selected red algae proteases, proved unsuccessful, as the available genomes where from red algae species found mainly in Asia, and the designed primers, therefore, did not amplify a corresponding PCR product from the red algae harvested in South Africa. Crude extracts of red algae collected from Kenton-on-Sea, along the East Coast of South Africa, were screened for protease activity using Benzoyl-Arginine-pNitroAnilide (BApNA) as substrate. The proteases detected in the crude extract were purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation and HiPrep DEAE FF 16/10; CM FF 16/10, and HiPrep Q FF 16/10 columns for ion-exchange chromatography. The HiPrep Q FF 16/10 column yielded active protein, which revealed two bands of 11kDa and 17kDa on SDS-PAGE. It was assumed that these bands represented two subunits of the purified protease. Kinetic characterisation of the purified protease revealed a pH optimum of 9, using BApNA as substrate, a temperature optimum at 60ºC, and sensitivity to temperature when stored above 4ºC. The protease activity was inhibited by Ferric chloride (32%), induced by calcium chloride (156%), no inhibition by magnesium chloride (97%) and slight inhibition by potassium chloride (77%) and manganese chloride (70%). Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), a serine protease inhibitor, almost totally inhibited the protease activity, indicating that the protease from red algae was most likely a serine protease. The Km and kcat values were 1.96 µM, and 0.364 s -1 , respectively using BApNA as the substrate. This study revealed that the red algae genome contains numerous genes that encode for proteases from almost all the classes of proteases. A serine protease from the red algae Gelidium pristoides was partially purified and kinetically characterised, confirming that red algae found along the Eastern Coast of South Africa contain genes that express active proteases that may be of medical or industrial interest. Further studies, however, are required to recombinantly express, purify and characterise the numerous proteases encoded by the genes identified in the in silico analysis of this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Ntsata, Zolani
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Gelidium Proteolytic enzymes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12076 , vital:39149
- Description: The aim of this study was to characterize the protease enzyme (s) from red algae. An in silico analysis of red algae genomes was used to identify gene coding for protease. Protease sequences identified from these genomes were examined for conserved domains, active site and structures. The domain search revealed that the identified sequences were from the five classes of protease enzymes. For function inference, the red algae sequences were aligned to identify the catalytic sites, and the tertiary structures were predicted using homology modelling. An in silico analysis provides an indication of the class and potential functions of the enzymes. However, it cannot predict whether the gene is constitutively expressed in the red algae or under which conditions it may be induced, and it cannot determine the kinetic efficiency of an enzyme against various substrate, or the optimum conditions for the protein activity. Attempts to clone and recombinantly express selected red algae proteases, proved unsuccessful, as the available genomes where from red algae species found mainly in Asia, and the designed primers, therefore, did not amplify a corresponding PCR product from the red algae harvested in South Africa. Crude extracts of red algae collected from Kenton-on-Sea, along the East Coast of South Africa, were screened for protease activity using Benzoyl-Arginine-pNitroAnilide (BApNA) as substrate. The proteases detected in the crude extract were purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation and HiPrep DEAE FF 16/10; CM FF 16/10, and HiPrep Q FF 16/10 columns for ion-exchange chromatography. The HiPrep Q FF 16/10 column yielded active protein, which revealed two bands of 11kDa and 17kDa on SDS-PAGE. It was assumed that these bands represented two subunits of the purified protease. Kinetic characterisation of the purified protease revealed a pH optimum of 9, using BApNA as substrate, a temperature optimum at 60ºC, and sensitivity to temperature when stored above 4ºC. The protease activity was inhibited by Ferric chloride (32%), induced by calcium chloride (156%), no inhibition by magnesium chloride (97%) and slight inhibition by potassium chloride (77%) and manganese chloride (70%). Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), a serine protease inhibitor, almost totally inhibited the protease activity, indicating that the protease from red algae was most likely a serine protease. The Km and kcat values were 1.96 µM, and 0.364 s -1 , respectively using BApNA as the substrate. This study revealed that the red algae genome contains numerous genes that encode for proteases from almost all the classes of proteases. A serine protease from the red algae Gelidium pristoides was partially purified and kinetically characterised, confirming that red algae found along the Eastern Coast of South Africa contain genes that express active proteases that may be of medical or industrial interest. Further studies, however, are required to recombinantly express, purify and characterise the numerous proteases encoded by the genes identified in the in silico analysis of this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Analysis of maximum power point tracking data for obtaining photovoltaic parameters
- Authors: Chitura, Anesu Godfrey
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Photovoltaic power system
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18576 , vital:42610
- Description: As a standard, photovoltaic (PV) modules are rated by the use of standard test conditions (STC). Such details entail current and voltage (I-V) measurements for modules under an irradiance of 1000 W/m2 an air mass ration of 1.5 global spectrum and 25˚C cell temperature. Outdoor weather conditions continuously vary with time and from one location to the other. This further offset the expected operational power outputs as outdoor conditions are generally characterized by high cell temperatures. The technology one uses will also complicate the power output prediction since different module technologies respond to these outdoor conditions differently. I-V tracers are able to measure the full I-V curve of the module thus can give the operational PV parameters at any given time. However, these tracers are sold at exorbitant prices and they require skilled personnel in order to operate them. Most if not all tracers require isolation of the module under test thereby disrupting the power production function of the module._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In this study a method to obtain photovoltaic (PV) parameters using the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) data is presented and tested under natural outdoor conditions. The method features a customized data acquisition system (DAS) designed for the measurement and storage of meteorological and MPPT data. The DAS is capable of extracting parameters from any combination of modules with an open circuit voltage 〖(V〗_oc) less than or equal to 120 Volts and a short circuit current 〖(I〗_sc) of 100 Amps. The system used is capable of extracting MPPT data using a reliable, improved storage and a programmable data logger. In order to match the sampling operational speeds of internal charge controller switches a computer interfaced Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) card was also used. Data collection and characterization of the MPPT data was done in such a way that the power generation process remained uninterrupted throughout the whole process. The regression nonlinear least squares method was used to fit MPPT crests and obtain the knee part of the I-V curve. This was then extrapolated to obtain the full I-V curve, which then produces the operational PV parameters. The resultant parameters from the characterization process were logged and accessible at any time. The end result was a method that can be incorporated within a charge controller for quick, hands-free PV parameter extraction, using only the MPPT scanned data.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Chitura, Anesu Godfrey
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Photovoltaic power system
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18576 , vital:42610
- Description: As a standard, photovoltaic (PV) modules are rated by the use of standard test conditions (STC). Such details entail current and voltage (I-V) measurements for modules under an irradiance of 1000 W/m2 an air mass ration of 1.5 global spectrum and 25˚C cell temperature. Outdoor weather conditions continuously vary with time and from one location to the other. This further offset the expected operational power outputs as outdoor conditions are generally characterized by high cell temperatures. The technology one uses will also complicate the power output prediction since different module technologies respond to these outdoor conditions differently. I-V tracers are able to measure the full I-V curve of the module thus can give the operational PV parameters at any given time. However, these tracers are sold at exorbitant prices and they require skilled personnel in order to operate them. Most if not all tracers require isolation of the module under test thereby disrupting the power production function of the module._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In this study a method to obtain photovoltaic (PV) parameters using the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) data is presented and tested under natural outdoor conditions. The method features a customized data acquisition system (DAS) designed for the measurement and storage of meteorological and MPPT data. The DAS is capable of extracting parameters from any combination of modules with an open circuit voltage 〖(V〗_oc) less than or equal to 120 Volts and a short circuit current 〖(I〗_sc) of 100 Amps. The system used is capable of extracting MPPT data using a reliable, improved storage and a programmable data logger. In order to match the sampling operational speeds of internal charge controller switches a computer interfaced Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) card was also used. Data collection and characterization of the MPPT data was done in such a way that the power generation process remained uninterrupted throughout the whole process. The regression nonlinear least squares method was used to fit MPPT crests and obtain the knee part of the I-V curve. This was then extrapolated to obtain the full I-V curve, which then produces the operational PV parameters. The resultant parameters from the characterization process were logged and accessible at any time. The end result was a method that can be incorporated within a charge controller for quick, hands-free PV parameter extraction, using only the MPPT scanned data.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Analysis of the contribution of socio-economic factors on poor academic performance of grade 12 learners: the case of Butterworth education district, Eastern Cape Province South Africa
- Authors: Lubisi, Anathi
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Performance standards -- South Africa Teacher effectiveness -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc (Sociology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18141 , vital:42236
- Description: The drive of this research project was to discover factors contributing to the poor academic performance of Grade 12 learners at two selected schools in the Butterworth Education District, Eastern Cape province South Africa. The participants were Grade 12 learners, Grade 12 teachers and parents of Grade 12 learners in both schools. Both schools are located in rural areas of Mnquma municipality under the Butterworth education district. The study used both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The motivation behind using triangulation was to decrease or offset the deficiency of a specific methodology and for deeper understanding of the discoveries of the study. Use of triangulation in this study was aimed at expanding the legitimacy, dependability and generalizability of the results of the study. The findings of the study revealed that the most determining factor that contributes to the poor academic performance of Grade 12 learners in the Butterworth Education District is the unavailability and inadequacy of instructional resources. This is the most critical school resource which the parents cannot afford to buy for their children. Both teachers and Grade 12 learners indicated that they do not have a school library or a community library. The majority of learners also indicated that they do not have enough textbooks in all subjects and their parents concurred that their children end up sharing textbooks with their peers. Furthermore, the three groups of participants agreed that learners do not have access to computers, and the school does not have a science lab for Grade 12 learners doing science. The core argument of this study is that a poor socio-economic background is a primary contributor to low academic performance of Grade 12 learners at the Butterworth Education District. The findings of this study support this thesis as they indicate that instructional resources are inadequate, a school or community library is vii non-existent, and there is not enough textbooks at the selected schools. With parents from low socio-economic background, the Butterworth community is also not in a position to supplement these insufficient instructional resources. This study utilized the cultural reproduction theory of Bourdieu (1977) to explore a system of education in industrialized communities and the way it works to illuminate class differences in academic performance and achievement of Grade 12 learners. The study made recommendations that should be put in place to improve the academic performance of Grade 12 learners in the Butterworth Education District. The most important of these recommendations is that government officials should provide educational resources (teaching and learning resources). Furthermore, the researcher suggest that for further research, it would be interesting to find out about learners that perform well, regardless of identified factors that cause other learners to perform poorly to help them improve their academic performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Lubisi, Anathi
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Performance standards -- South Africa Teacher effectiveness -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc (Sociology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18141 , vital:42236
- Description: The drive of this research project was to discover factors contributing to the poor academic performance of Grade 12 learners at two selected schools in the Butterworth Education District, Eastern Cape province South Africa. The participants were Grade 12 learners, Grade 12 teachers and parents of Grade 12 learners in both schools. Both schools are located in rural areas of Mnquma municipality under the Butterworth education district. The study used both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The motivation behind using triangulation was to decrease or offset the deficiency of a specific methodology and for deeper understanding of the discoveries of the study. Use of triangulation in this study was aimed at expanding the legitimacy, dependability and generalizability of the results of the study. The findings of the study revealed that the most determining factor that contributes to the poor academic performance of Grade 12 learners in the Butterworth Education District is the unavailability and inadequacy of instructional resources. This is the most critical school resource which the parents cannot afford to buy for their children. Both teachers and Grade 12 learners indicated that they do not have a school library or a community library. The majority of learners also indicated that they do not have enough textbooks in all subjects and their parents concurred that their children end up sharing textbooks with their peers. Furthermore, the three groups of participants agreed that learners do not have access to computers, and the school does not have a science lab for Grade 12 learners doing science. The core argument of this study is that a poor socio-economic background is a primary contributor to low academic performance of Grade 12 learners at the Butterworth Education District. The findings of this study support this thesis as they indicate that instructional resources are inadequate, a school or community library is vii non-existent, and there is not enough textbooks at the selected schools. With parents from low socio-economic background, the Butterworth community is also not in a position to supplement these insufficient instructional resources. This study utilized the cultural reproduction theory of Bourdieu (1977) to explore a system of education in industrialized communities and the way it works to illuminate class differences in academic performance and achievement of Grade 12 learners. The study made recommendations that should be put in place to improve the academic performance of Grade 12 learners in the Butterworth Education District. The most important of these recommendations is that government officials should provide educational resources (teaching and learning resources). Furthermore, the researcher suggest that for further research, it would be interesting to find out about learners that perform well, regardless of identified factors that cause other learners to perform poorly to help them improve their academic performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Assessing the implementation of long-acting reversible contraceptive implant, Implanon NXT, roll out in East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
- Authors: Mdingi, Mildred Mandisa
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Primary health care
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18452 , vital:42267
- Description: Background: In 2014, South African Department of Health (SADOH) initiated use of Implanon NXT, a type of implant in addition to long-acting reversible contraceptives available in the country to expand contraceptives options for women of reproductive age. After its introduction, there were reports on early removals and frequent side effects. It is therefore vital to identify how successful the implementation of this method was in particular in East London area. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how successful the implementation of Implanon NXT roll out was in East London, Eastern Cape. Additionally, the study also aimed to understand the views health care providers have of the Implanon NXT. Methods: A retrospective crosssectional design using existing data from family planning registers and distribution of questionnaires to Health Care Providers responsible for insertion and removal of the method (HCP). Results: February 2014 to March 2019, 1238 Implanon NXT insertions were done and only 266 removals in one study site. Out of the 266 participants, 67.7% of the participants removed the Implanon for reasons other than ill health (side effects), while the remaining 32.3% had experienced side effects and opted for early Implanon removal. Bleeding was the most common side effect reported by 44 of 266 (16.5%) participants. The health care providers who completed questionnaires for this study were overall confident in providing the Implanon NXT services. Conclusion: Implementation of a new contraceptive method requires clear standardised policies and guidelines on counselling and management of side effects. Findings of this study are reassuring that Implanon NXT had a role to play in prevention of unintended pregnancies. Implementation and rollout in one site reviewed has been demonstrated to be successful. The respondents in this study possesses knowledge about the Implanon NXT.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mdingi, Mildred Mandisa
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Primary health care
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18452 , vital:42267
- Description: Background: In 2014, South African Department of Health (SADOH) initiated use of Implanon NXT, a type of implant in addition to long-acting reversible contraceptives available in the country to expand contraceptives options for women of reproductive age. After its introduction, there were reports on early removals and frequent side effects. It is therefore vital to identify how successful the implementation of this method was in particular in East London area. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how successful the implementation of Implanon NXT roll out was in East London, Eastern Cape. Additionally, the study also aimed to understand the views health care providers have of the Implanon NXT. Methods: A retrospective crosssectional design using existing data from family planning registers and distribution of questionnaires to Health Care Providers responsible for insertion and removal of the method (HCP). Results: February 2014 to March 2019, 1238 Implanon NXT insertions were done and only 266 removals in one study site. Out of the 266 participants, 67.7% of the participants removed the Implanon for reasons other than ill health (side effects), while the remaining 32.3% had experienced side effects and opted for early Implanon removal. Bleeding was the most common side effect reported by 44 of 266 (16.5%) participants. The health care providers who completed questionnaires for this study were overall confident in providing the Implanon NXT services. Conclusion: Implementation of a new contraceptive method requires clear standardised policies and guidelines on counselling and management of side effects. Findings of this study are reassuring that Implanon NXT had a role to play in prevention of unintended pregnancies. Implementation and rollout in one site reviewed has been demonstrated to be successful. The respondents in this study possesses knowledge about the Implanon NXT.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Beef quality, oxidative stability and fatty acid composition of Nguni heifers fed diets with incremental levels of Opuntia ficus-indica (cactus) cladodes
- Authors: Mkhosi, Silungile
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Meat -- Quality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Animal Science )
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18732 , vital:42728
- Description: The objective of the study was to determine meat quality, fatty acid (FA) composition and shelf-life stability of longissimus muscle of Nguni heifers fed incremental levels of Opuntia ficus-indica (cactus) cladodes. A total of 32 heifers aged 36 months were allocated randomly to four dietary treatments: 10% cactus, 20% cactus, commercial and control diets for 90 days. The longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) samples were taken from each carcass for the determination of meat quality, retail shelf-life stability and FA composition. Diet had no effect (P > 0.05) on pH and drip display, however, there was an increase in drip display with ageing time (P ≤ 0.05). Meat colour attributes (L* a* b* and C*) were influenced by diet, with 20% cactus diet having lower L* values compared to other diets (P ≤ 0.05). During a 14-day retail display, a diet day interaction was observed for hue angle with the cactus diets having the lowest values at day 14 of display compared to the other diets (P ≤ 0.05). Differences in meat from heifers fed different diets were observed with 20% cactus accounting for significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher levels of deoxymyoglobin and the lowest levels of oxymyoglobin. Thawing loss and Warner Bratzler shear force decreased (P ≤ 0.05) with ageing period. Meat from heifers fed cactus diets had lower (P ≤ 0.05) proportions of oleic acid (C18:1n9c) and total MUFA, higher (P ≤ 0.05) proportions of total SFA, C15:1, C17:1, linoleic acid (C18:2n6c) and total PUFA. The control diet produced meat with the highest thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values compared to other diets (P ≤ 0.05) and with ageing TBARS values increased (P ≤ 0.05). Diet showed an effect (P ≤ 0.05) on sensory attributes such as overall tenderness and mouth feel with cactus diets accounting for lower scores. However, juiciness, overall tenderness, grassy and animal like attributes increased with ageing (P ≤ 0.05). Inclusion of cactus in the diet did not produce any adverse effects on meat quality, fatty acid composition, lipid oxidation and sensory quality. Therefore, it can be concluded that inclusion of cactus in Nguni heifer finisher diets up to 20% can improve meat quality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mkhosi, Silungile
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Meat -- Quality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Animal Science )
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18732 , vital:42728
- Description: The objective of the study was to determine meat quality, fatty acid (FA) composition and shelf-life stability of longissimus muscle of Nguni heifers fed incremental levels of Opuntia ficus-indica (cactus) cladodes. A total of 32 heifers aged 36 months were allocated randomly to four dietary treatments: 10% cactus, 20% cactus, commercial and control diets for 90 days. The longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) samples were taken from each carcass for the determination of meat quality, retail shelf-life stability and FA composition. Diet had no effect (P > 0.05) on pH and drip display, however, there was an increase in drip display with ageing time (P ≤ 0.05). Meat colour attributes (L* a* b* and C*) were influenced by diet, with 20% cactus diet having lower L* values compared to other diets (P ≤ 0.05). During a 14-day retail display, a diet day interaction was observed for hue angle with the cactus diets having the lowest values at day 14 of display compared to the other diets (P ≤ 0.05). Differences in meat from heifers fed different diets were observed with 20% cactus accounting for significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher levels of deoxymyoglobin and the lowest levels of oxymyoglobin. Thawing loss and Warner Bratzler shear force decreased (P ≤ 0.05) with ageing period. Meat from heifers fed cactus diets had lower (P ≤ 0.05) proportions of oleic acid (C18:1n9c) and total MUFA, higher (P ≤ 0.05) proportions of total SFA, C15:1, C17:1, linoleic acid (C18:2n6c) and total PUFA. The control diet produced meat with the highest thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values compared to other diets (P ≤ 0.05) and with ageing TBARS values increased (P ≤ 0.05). Diet showed an effect (P ≤ 0.05) on sensory attributes such as overall tenderness and mouth feel with cactus diets accounting for lower scores. However, juiciness, overall tenderness, grassy and animal like attributes increased with ageing (P ≤ 0.05). Inclusion of cactus in the diet did not produce any adverse effects on meat quality, fatty acid composition, lipid oxidation and sensory quality. Therefore, it can be concluded that inclusion of cactus in Nguni heifer finisher diets up to 20% can improve meat quality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Budget Deficits, the Savings Gap and Current Account Deficits in the Southern African Development Community
- Authors: Kopeledi, Alyssa
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Budget deficits -- South Africa Accounts current
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Economics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12392 , vital:39259
- Description: This study examines the validity of the triple deficit hypothesis for a selected number of SADC countries, utilising secondary annual data for the period 1996-2018. Based on previous studies and theory, current account deficit was chosen as the dependent variable and budget deficit and the savings gap as the independent variables. The study makes use of both first generation and second-generation unit root tests to examine the time series properties of the data. The empirical results show that the data is integrated of different orders. Kao, Pedroni and Westerlund cointegration tests were carried out to examine the long-term relationship between the variables of interest. The empirical results revealed that there is a long-term relationship between current account deficit, budget deficit s and the savings gap. The long-run model under the Autoregressive Distributed Lag test revealed that, a positive and significant relationship exists between budget deficit and current account deficit at a significance level of 10% and a negative and insignificant relationship exists between savings gap and current account deficit in the long run. This suggests that an improvement in the current account balance in SADC countries requires fiscal stringency
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Kopeledi, Alyssa
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Budget deficits -- South Africa Accounts current
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Economics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12392 , vital:39259
- Description: This study examines the validity of the triple deficit hypothesis for a selected number of SADC countries, utilising secondary annual data for the period 1996-2018. Based on previous studies and theory, current account deficit was chosen as the dependent variable and budget deficit and the savings gap as the independent variables. The study makes use of both first generation and second-generation unit root tests to examine the time series properties of the data. The empirical results show that the data is integrated of different orders. Kao, Pedroni and Westerlund cointegration tests were carried out to examine the long-term relationship between the variables of interest. The empirical results revealed that there is a long-term relationship between current account deficit, budget deficit s and the savings gap. The long-run model under the Autoregressive Distributed Lag test revealed that, a positive and significant relationship exists between budget deficit and current account deficit at a significance level of 10% and a negative and insignificant relationship exists between savings gap and current account deficit in the long run. This suggests that an improvement in the current account balance in SADC countries requires fiscal stringency
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Centrality of religiosity as a moderator of the relationship between workplace spirituality and organisational citizenship behaviour among police officers in the Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality
- Authors: Noko, Sibongile
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Religion in the workplace Employees -- Religious life Organizational change
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Industrial Psychology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12491 , vital:39268
- Description: The significant positive relationships between workplace spirituality and organisational citizenship behaviour, as well as between centrality of religiosity and oganisational citizenship behaviour among police officers, confirm the relevance of social exchange theory and affective events theory to police officers’ behaviour. This study confirms the applicability of Social Exchange Theory (SET) and Affective Events Theory (AET). The current study utilized the SET and AET to examine the correlation between workplace spirituality and centrality of religiosity as well as organisational citizenship behaviour among Police officers in the Raymond Mlaba Local Municipality of the Eastern Cape. There is limited previous research concerning the influence of workplace spirituality and centrality of religiosity on organisational citizenship behaviour among police officers in the South African Police Services (SAPS) Department. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted. The sample (N= 100) consist of Police officers from Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality Police stations. Data were collected through the questionnaire method and SPSS was used for data analysis. A correlational analysis coupled with a simple linear regression analysis was utilised to determine whether there existed any significant relationship with the study’s theoretical attributes. The results of the simple linear regression indicated that workplace spirituality is positively correlated with organisational citizenship behaviour; which is similar to the centrality of religiosity. The results from multiple linear regression showed that the centrality of religiosity does moderate the correlation between workplace spirituality and organisational citizenship behaviour. The results of Multiple linear regression also showed that Workplace spirituality and centrality of religiosity both account for an extensively higher proportion vi of variance in organisational citizenship behaviour than in any of the two variables. This study augments existing knowledge on workplace spirituality, the centrality of religiosity and organisational citizenship behaviour among Police officers in the Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality, which has largely been ignored by previous researchers, validates certain aspects of the SET and AET. The Station Commanders or Captains should give consideration on how to make the workplace more conducive to the centrality of religiosity and workplace spirituality; so that the Police officers can increase their organisational citizenship behaviour. Strategies need to be implemented to improve managerial and coworker support for Police officers through socialization and team building activities. However, to overcome feelings of occupational stress and their effects on well-being, employers should provide adequate information on any changes in the police service that may entail excessive work demand and dangerous working conditions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Noko, Sibongile
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Religion in the workplace Employees -- Religious life Organizational change
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Industrial Psychology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12491 , vital:39268
- Description: The significant positive relationships between workplace spirituality and organisational citizenship behaviour, as well as between centrality of religiosity and oganisational citizenship behaviour among police officers, confirm the relevance of social exchange theory and affective events theory to police officers’ behaviour. This study confirms the applicability of Social Exchange Theory (SET) and Affective Events Theory (AET). The current study utilized the SET and AET to examine the correlation between workplace spirituality and centrality of religiosity as well as organisational citizenship behaviour among Police officers in the Raymond Mlaba Local Municipality of the Eastern Cape. There is limited previous research concerning the influence of workplace spirituality and centrality of religiosity on organisational citizenship behaviour among police officers in the South African Police Services (SAPS) Department. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted. The sample (N= 100) consist of Police officers from Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality Police stations. Data were collected through the questionnaire method and SPSS was used for data analysis. A correlational analysis coupled with a simple linear regression analysis was utilised to determine whether there existed any significant relationship with the study’s theoretical attributes. The results of the simple linear regression indicated that workplace spirituality is positively correlated with organisational citizenship behaviour; which is similar to the centrality of religiosity. The results from multiple linear regression showed that the centrality of religiosity does moderate the correlation between workplace spirituality and organisational citizenship behaviour. The results of Multiple linear regression also showed that Workplace spirituality and centrality of religiosity both account for an extensively higher proportion vi of variance in organisational citizenship behaviour than in any of the two variables. This study augments existing knowledge on workplace spirituality, the centrality of religiosity and organisational citizenship behaviour among Police officers in the Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality, which has largely been ignored by previous researchers, validates certain aspects of the SET and AET. The Station Commanders or Captains should give consideration on how to make the workplace more conducive to the centrality of religiosity and workplace spirituality; so that the Police officers can increase their organisational citizenship behaviour. Strategies need to be implemented to improve managerial and coworker support for Police officers through socialization and team building activities. However, to overcome feelings of occupational stress and their effects on well-being, employers should provide adequate information on any changes in the police service that may entail excessive work demand and dangerous working conditions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Contraceptive use and Sex Education among Teenagers in Mdantsane Township, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Ibikunle, Kehinde Olaoye
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Sex instruction Primary Health Care
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18411 , vital:42263
- Description: Uptake of contraceptives to prevent unwanted pregnancy among sexually active teenagers in South Africa remains low as evidenced by the high prevalence of unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortions among adolescents. This is happening despite the wide availability of contraceptives which are also offered free of charge and in a context where comprehensive sexuality education is provided from primary school level. There is limited evidence regarding contraceptive use among teenagers in South Africa, which limits the decision making on targeting for promoting use of contraceptives. To address this gap, a quantitative cross sectional study of women aged 13 and above was conducted in Mdatsane Township to investigate the factors associated with contraceptive use among teenagers and compare this with young women aged 20 and above, as well as to assess if there are any associations in the use of contraceptives between the demographic characteristics of the teenagers and their caregivers. The study findings showed that non-use of contraceptives was 53.3%. Teenagers were significantly less likely to use contraceptives, OR 0.31, 95% CI (0.18 – 0.530), more likely to use injectables OR 3.48 95% CI 1.99 – 6.08, more likely to identify partner issues being reason for not using condoms OR 10.60, 95 % CI (2.01 – 55.94). Teenager were more likely to have Termination of unwanted pregnancy on the past (TOP), OR 2.13 95% CI (1.03 – 4.38), and would likely choose Depo/Petogen even if it increases HIV transmission OR 3.65, 95% CI (1.98 – 6.73). Teenagers were more likely to have been exposed to sex education and less likely to have a close relationship with caregivers OR 0.49 95% CI (0.27 – 0.90). In view of these findings it is logical to argue that although teenagers have accessed CSE they have not been able to translate it into action. Hence the need to develop the strategies that can help facilitate behaviour change. Further in-depth studies must be conducted to establish which types of contraceptives are preferred and acceptable to teenagers. Promote self-efficacy of teenagers to be empowered to make own decisions and not put their partners’ preferences on use of contraceptives and continue promoting primary and secondary abstinence while also encouraging delayed sexual debut
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Ibikunle, Kehinde Olaoye
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Sex instruction Primary Health Care
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18411 , vital:42263
- Description: Uptake of contraceptives to prevent unwanted pregnancy among sexually active teenagers in South Africa remains low as evidenced by the high prevalence of unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortions among adolescents. This is happening despite the wide availability of contraceptives which are also offered free of charge and in a context where comprehensive sexuality education is provided from primary school level. There is limited evidence regarding contraceptive use among teenagers in South Africa, which limits the decision making on targeting for promoting use of contraceptives. To address this gap, a quantitative cross sectional study of women aged 13 and above was conducted in Mdatsane Township to investigate the factors associated with contraceptive use among teenagers and compare this with young women aged 20 and above, as well as to assess if there are any associations in the use of contraceptives between the demographic characteristics of the teenagers and their caregivers. The study findings showed that non-use of contraceptives was 53.3%. Teenagers were significantly less likely to use contraceptives, OR 0.31, 95% CI (0.18 – 0.530), more likely to use injectables OR 3.48 95% CI 1.99 – 6.08, more likely to identify partner issues being reason for not using condoms OR 10.60, 95 % CI (2.01 – 55.94). Teenager were more likely to have Termination of unwanted pregnancy on the past (TOP), OR 2.13 95% CI (1.03 – 4.38), and would likely choose Depo/Petogen even if it increases HIV transmission OR 3.65, 95% CI (1.98 – 6.73). Teenagers were more likely to have been exposed to sex education and less likely to have a close relationship with caregivers OR 0.49 95% CI (0.27 – 0.90). In view of these findings it is logical to argue that although teenagers have accessed CSE they have not been able to translate it into action. Hence the need to develop the strategies that can help facilitate behaviour change. Further in-depth studies must be conducted to establish which types of contraceptives are preferred and acceptable to teenagers. Promote self-efficacy of teenagers to be empowered to make own decisions and not put their partners’ preferences on use of contraceptives and continue promoting primary and secondary abstinence while also encouraging delayed sexual debut
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Critical Success Factors to Motivate Citizens to Participate in a Public Safety Smart City Project
- Authors: Tuswa, Mbali
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Information technology -- Security measures City planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Information Systems)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18974 , vital:43004
- Description: Currently more people reside in urban areas than previously. The population shift from rural to urban results in increased problems with Public Safety. Public Safety initiatives were introduced to address such issues and help reduce the increasing number of urban problems. It is the citizen's responsibility to report the Public Safety issues they observe or experience for authorities to respond quickly in emergency situations, thus maintaining a safer living environment for all citizens. A Public Safety Smart City Project was introduced in the city of East London, South Africa to help improve Public Safety in the city. However, for this to be successful citizens need to contribute by reporting Public Safety issues and suspicious activities. This study is therefore focused on motivational factors to improve citizen participation in a Public Safety Smart City Project. The Design Science Methodology and a mixed method approach guided this research study. Keller’s (2010) Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction (ARCS) Theory of Motivation provided the theoretical base for this study. A questionnaire was used to gather data on the motivational factors for participation in a Public Safety Smart City Project. Five Critical Success Factors were developed to motivate citizens to participate in a Public Safety Smart City Project. These Critical Success Factors are: Ensure user satisfaction by providing a toll-free number, Citizens should be able to participate due to their concerns of safety for others, Citizens should be given the opportunity to make a difference in their community, Public Safety initiatives must provide adequate response to citizens and Citizens should be given incentives after participating. The Critical Success Factors were refined and verified through two rounds of expert review. Five factors were identified in the findings as factors that contribute towards motivating citizens participate. These factors include User Satisfaction, Making a difference, Response from Public Safety initiatives, Concern of safety for others and Incentives. The factors were included on the Critical Success Factors
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Tuswa, Mbali
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Information technology -- Security measures City planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Information Systems)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18974 , vital:43004
- Description: Currently more people reside in urban areas than previously. The population shift from rural to urban results in increased problems with Public Safety. Public Safety initiatives were introduced to address such issues and help reduce the increasing number of urban problems. It is the citizen's responsibility to report the Public Safety issues they observe or experience for authorities to respond quickly in emergency situations, thus maintaining a safer living environment for all citizens. A Public Safety Smart City Project was introduced in the city of East London, South Africa to help improve Public Safety in the city. However, for this to be successful citizens need to contribute by reporting Public Safety issues and suspicious activities. This study is therefore focused on motivational factors to improve citizen participation in a Public Safety Smart City Project. The Design Science Methodology and a mixed method approach guided this research study. Keller’s (2010) Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction (ARCS) Theory of Motivation provided the theoretical base for this study. A questionnaire was used to gather data on the motivational factors for participation in a Public Safety Smart City Project. Five Critical Success Factors were developed to motivate citizens to participate in a Public Safety Smart City Project. These Critical Success Factors are: Ensure user satisfaction by providing a toll-free number, Citizens should be able to participate due to their concerns of safety for others, Citizens should be given the opportunity to make a difference in their community, Public Safety initiatives must provide adequate response to citizens and Citizens should be given incentives after participating. The Critical Success Factors were refined and verified through two rounds of expert review. Five factors were identified in the findings as factors that contribute towards motivating citizens participate. These factors include User Satisfaction, Making a difference, Response from Public Safety initiatives, Concern of safety for others and Incentives. The factors were included on the Critical Success Factors
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Design of a Traffic Surveillance Application using iFogSim
- Authors: Sinqandu, Mluleki
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Cloud computing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18676 , vital:42705
- Description: __iFogSim is a toolkit to model, simulate and evaluate networks of Fog computing, Edge computing and Internet of Things (IoT). This framework provides the capabilities of analysing and evaluating the performance of applications and resource management policies in Fog/IoT environments, based on which designers can model and test their applications. This thesis proposes a novel application model of a traffic surveillance vehicular network application through smart cameras using iFogSim, where the scenario of multiple vehicles tracking is considered. The effectiveness of the proposed application model is assessed and validated by simulations using a modified application model inherited from a case study of intelligent surveillance through distributed camera networks introduced. Simulations are conducted using the iFogSim tool and performance evaluation is done. The comparison between one vehicle and multiple vehicle tracking is done and the results demonstrate that the multiple vehicle application model achieves a better performance in terms of average latency and data transfer rate
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Sinqandu, Mluleki
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Cloud computing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18676 , vital:42705
- Description: __iFogSim is a toolkit to model, simulate and evaluate networks of Fog computing, Edge computing and Internet of Things (IoT). This framework provides the capabilities of analysing and evaluating the performance of applications and resource management policies in Fog/IoT environments, based on which designers can model and test their applications. This thesis proposes a novel application model of a traffic surveillance vehicular network application through smart cameras using iFogSim, where the scenario of multiple vehicles tracking is considered. The effectiveness of the proposed application model is assessed and validated by simulations using a modified application model inherited from a case study of intelligent surveillance through distributed camera networks introduced. Simulations are conducted using the iFogSim tool and performance evaluation is done. The comparison between one vehicle and multiple vehicle tracking is done and the results demonstrate that the multiple vehicle application model achieves a better performance in terms of average latency and data transfer rate
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Determinants of adaptation to climate variability:A case study of crop farming households in Tyhume Valley communities Eastern Cape,South Africa.
- Authors: Mtintsilana, Olona
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Climatic changes Sustainable agriculture Climatic changes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18789 , vital:42733
- Description: Climate variability affects rural households and agricultural productivity, yet it is just one of many stresses that vulnerable rural households have to cope with. Climate variability is not as noticeable as weather variability, because it happens over seasons and years. It is the manner in which climate fluctuates above or below a long-term average value. Without measures at local and national level to adapt to climate variability, risk of food insecurity will continue to increase at household level. The objective of the study was to determine factors affecting adaptation to climate variability. Purposive sampling was used to identify households who participated because of un-availability of sampling frame. Information was elicited from the selected households with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire. The study utilised a cross-sectional survey of 205 farming households in Tyhume Valley communities. Data gathered was subjected to descriptive statistics, Cross tabulations and Binary logit model. The results indicate that rural households from Tyhume Valley communities practiced coping adaptation through use of the following adaptation strategies; crop rotation, planted drought resistant crops, changed planting dates and used indigenous strategies such as using ash to kill mule (intuku). Most of the households used irrigation as the coping strategy to adapt to climate variability. However, heatwave, high winds, employment status, cell phones, age and gender of the rural households’ heads have effects on households’ adaptation to climate variability in Tyhume Valley. In view of the research findings, a large number of farming households are old and are females, there is a need for development of labour saving technologies and extension services to increase the likelihood of adaptation of climate variability by vulnerable farmers such as women and elderly farmers.The study also recommends that there must be a development of infrastructure for farmers as they are negatively affect by high winds due to low infrastructural development.The study also shows that farming households who have access to cellphones are more likely to adapt to climate variability, therefore the study recommends that communication of farming households must be improved.Adapting to climate variability is an increasingly important issue in agriculture and one that is likely to persist for many years.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mtintsilana, Olona
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Climatic changes Sustainable agriculture Climatic changes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18789 , vital:42733
- Description: Climate variability affects rural households and agricultural productivity, yet it is just one of many stresses that vulnerable rural households have to cope with. Climate variability is not as noticeable as weather variability, because it happens over seasons and years. It is the manner in which climate fluctuates above or below a long-term average value. Without measures at local and national level to adapt to climate variability, risk of food insecurity will continue to increase at household level. The objective of the study was to determine factors affecting adaptation to climate variability. Purposive sampling was used to identify households who participated because of un-availability of sampling frame. Information was elicited from the selected households with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire. The study utilised a cross-sectional survey of 205 farming households in Tyhume Valley communities. Data gathered was subjected to descriptive statistics, Cross tabulations and Binary logit model. The results indicate that rural households from Tyhume Valley communities practiced coping adaptation through use of the following adaptation strategies; crop rotation, planted drought resistant crops, changed planting dates and used indigenous strategies such as using ash to kill mule (intuku). Most of the households used irrigation as the coping strategy to adapt to climate variability. However, heatwave, high winds, employment status, cell phones, age and gender of the rural households’ heads have effects on households’ adaptation to climate variability in Tyhume Valley. In view of the research findings, a large number of farming households are old and are females, there is a need for development of labour saving technologies and extension services to increase the likelihood of adaptation of climate variability by vulnerable farmers such as women and elderly farmers.The study also recommends that there must be a development of infrastructure for farmers as they are negatively affect by high winds due to low infrastructural development.The study also shows that farming households who have access to cellphones are more likely to adapt to climate variability, therefore the study recommends that communication of farming households must be improved.Adapting to climate variability is an increasingly important issue in agriculture and one that is likely to persist for many years.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Developing a Machine Learning Algorithm for Outdoor Scene Image Segmentation
- Authors: Zangwa, Yamkela
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Computational intelligence Computer science
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Computer Science )
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12087 , vital:39150
- Description: Image segmentation is one of the major problems in image processing, computer vision and machine learning fields. The main reason for image segmentation existence is to reduce the gap between computer vision and human vision by training computers with different data. Outdoor image segmentation and classification has become very important in the field of computer vision with its applications in woodland-surveillance, defence and security. The task of assigning an input image to one class from a fixed set of categories seem to be a major problem in image segmentation. The main question that has been addressed in this research is how outdoor image classification algorithms can be improved using Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) architecture. There has been no one segmentation method that works best on any given problem. To determine the best segmentation method for a certain dataset, various tests have to be done in order to achieve the best performance. However deep learning models have often achieved increasing success due to the availability of massive datasets and the expanding model depth and parameterisation. In this research Convolutional Neural Network architecture is used in trying to improve the implementation of outdoor scene image segmentation algorithms, empirical research method was used to answer questions about existing image segmentation algorithms and the techniques used to achieve the best performance. Outdoor scene images were trained on a pre-trained region-based convolutional neural network with Visual Geometric Group-16 (VGG-16) architecture. A pre-trained R-CNN model was retrained on five different sample data, the samples had different sizes. Sample size increased from sample one to five, to increase the size on the last two samples the data was duplicated. 21 test images were used to evaluate all the models. Researchers has shown that deep learning methods perform better in image segmentation because of the increase and availability of datasets. The duplication of images did not yield the best results; however, the model performed well on the first three samples.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Zangwa, Yamkela
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Computational intelligence Computer science
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Computer Science )
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12087 , vital:39150
- Description: Image segmentation is one of the major problems in image processing, computer vision and machine learning fields. The main reason for image segmentation existence is to reduce the gap between computer vision and human vision by training computers with different data. Outdoor image segmentation and classification has become very important in the field of computer vision with its applications in woodland-surveillance, defence and security. The task of assigning an input image to one class from a fixed set of categories seem to be a major problem in image segmentation. The main question that has been addressed in this research is how outdoor image classification algorithms can be improved using Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) architecture. There has been no one segmentation method that works best on any given problem. To determine the best segmentation method for a certain dataset, various tests have to be done in order to achieve the best performance. However deep learning models have often achieved increasing success due to the availability of massive datasets and the expanding model depth and parameterisation. In this research Convolutional Neural Network architecture is used in trying to improve the implementation of outdoor scene image segmentation algorithms, empirical research method was used to answer questions about existing image segmentation algorithms and the techniques used to achieve the best performance. Outdoor scene images were trained on a pre-trained region-based convolutional neural network with Visual Geometric Group-16 (VGG-16) architecture. A pre-trained R-CNN model was retrained on five different sample data, the samples had different sizes. Sample size increased from sample one to five, to increase the size on the last two samples the data was duplicated. 21 test images were used to evaluate all the models. Researchers has shown that deep learning methods perform better in image segmentation because of the increase and availability of datasets. The duplication of images did not yield the best results; however, the model performed well on the first three samples.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Digitization as a strategy for preservation of and access to private collections in the Eastern Cape: a case study of National Heritage and Cultural Studies Centre and International Library of African Music
- Authors: Tyali, Lungisani
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Preservation Digitization
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc. Sci (Library and Information Science)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18302 , vital:42250
- Description: The aim of the study was to investigate digitization as a strategy for the preservation and access to private collections in Eastern Cape covering National Heritage and Cultural Studies Centre (NAHECS) at the University of Fort Hare, Alice campus and International Library of African Music (ILAM) at Grahamstown. The objectives of the study were: to find out the types of artefacts digitized at NAHECS and ILAM; to describe the available infrastructure for the digitization of collections at NAHECS and ILAM; to determine the impact of digitization on the preservation of and access to digitized materials; to find out the extent to which digitization programme at NAHECS and ILAM comply with the relevant legal and regulated framework, and to investigate challenges to the current digitization programmes at NAHECS and ILAM. The study used a purposive non-probability sampling technique to select the participants. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Qualitative data collected was analysed using thematic analysis while quantitative data were analysed statistically using SPSS software using frequencies, pie charts, bar charts and percentages. The findings of the study revealed that there are different challenges faced by both institutions (that is, ILAM and NAHECS). Some of the challenges faced by ILAM include inadequate funds for supporting the digitalizing project/ programme, inadequate staff and poor infrastructure. The finding has shown that the majority of respondents’ indicated that NAHECS has available knowledge of infrastructures such as Meta Data and Audio for the digitization of collections while all respondents confirmed that ILAM has the various distribution of available instrument for digitization and these include Meta Data, Video Tapes and Audio. iv The study recommends that proper necessary access to the digitized documents should be made available through Africa Media Online (AMO) so that all the interested users can search for digitized materials.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Tyali, Lungisani
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Preservation Digitization
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc. Sci (Library and Information Science)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18302 , vital:42250
- Description: The aim of the study was to investigate digitization as a strategy for the preservation and access to private collections in Eastern Cape covering National Heritage and Cultural Studies Centre (NAHECS) at the University of Fort Hare, Alice campus and International Library of African Music (ILAM) at Grahamstown. The objectives of the study were: to find out the types of artefacts digitized at NAHECS and ILAM; to describe the available infrastructure for the digitization of collections at NAHECS and ILAM; to determine the impact of digitization on the preservation of and access to digitized materials; to find out the extent to which digitization programme at NAHECS and ILAM comply with the relevant legal and regulated framework, and to investigate challenges to the current digitization programmes at NAHECS and ILAM. The study used a purposive non-probability sampling technique to select the participants. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Qualitative data collected was analysed using thematic analysis while quantitative data were analysed statistically using SPSS software using frequencies, pie charts, bar charts and percentages. The findings of the study revealed that there are different challenges faced by both institutions (that is, ILAM and NAHECS). Some of the challenges faced by ILAM include inadequate funds for supporting the digitalizing project/ programme, inadequate staff and poor infrastructure. The finding has shown that the majority of respondents’ indicated that NAHECS has available knowledge of infrastructures such as Meta Data and Audio for the digitization of collections while all respondents confirmed that ILAM has the various distribution of available instrument for digitization and these include Meta Data, Video Tapes and Audio. iv The study recommends that proper necessary access to the digitized documents should be made available through Africa Media Online (AMO) so that all the interested users can search for digitized materials.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Educators’ views on the effectiveness of alternatives to corporal punishment to maintain discipline: a case of four high schools in the O.R. Tambo District
- Kassim, Abdul Fatau, Pylman, N J
- Authors: Kassim, Abdul Fatau , Pylman, N J
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: School discipline -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Corporal punishment of children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11329 , vital:39060
- Description: The purpose of this study is to explore educators’ views on the effectiveness of alternatives to corporal punishment to maintain discipline in selected high schools in the O.R. Tambo District. Corporal punishment has been outlawed in all South African schools through the South African Schools Act and was replaced by alternatives to corporal punishment. The objectives of this research were to determine educators’ understanding of alternatives to corporal punishment; the interface between alternatives to corporal punishment and learner behaviour; alternatives to corporal punishment in relation to effective teaching and learning and the barriers that educators experience with the implementation of alternatives to corporal punishment. This research study is fundamentally placed within two schools of thought, namely, Thorndike’s traditional behaviour modification theory and Roger’s diffusion of innovations theory. This study is a multiple-case study located within the interpretivist paradigm, and qualitative in nature. Purposive sampling was used to sample four secondary schools in the O.R. Tambo districts. Twelve (12) participants comprising four principals, four teachers and four SMT members were purposively selected from the four schools. In depth semi-structured interviews and document reviews were used as data generating instruments. Thematic analysis was used to analyse taperecorded data obtained from the semi-structured interviews and document reviews. Findings revealed that there seems to be a common understanding amongst participants around the issue of alternatives to corporal punishment. The findings indicated that participants are aware of the different strategies that can be used to discipline learners without causing physical pain or a violation of their rights. The second finding noted that alternatives to corporal punishment did not serve the purpose which it was intended to. This view points to the fact that learners do not take alternatives to corporal punishment seriously and as such do not lead to improved discipline and behaviour amongst learners. The third finding also revealed that the implementation of alternatives to corporal punishment does not contribute to effective teaching and learning as well as the academic performance in the classroom, because learners frequently absent themselves and are also bunking classes which leads to poor academic performance. It was also claimed that teaching and learning is not all that effective as learners do not respect educators anymore and as such also fail to v complete homework and assignments on a regular basis. The final finding alluded to the fact that insufficient orientation and lack of training on alternative methods of discipline by the Department of Education made it extremely difficult for teachers to implement and administer alternatives to corporal punishment in schools. Given the aforementioned findings, it can be concluded that alternatives to corporal are mainly viewed as ineffective. Furthermore, findings from this study also revealed that educators have not adopted alternatives to corporal punishment, which is in line with Rogers’ theory who aptly states that any new idea or innovation can either be adopted or rejected by social groups. In addition is also seems as if educators have as yet not undergone a change in behaviour in line with Thorndike’s traditional behaviour modification theory, which further hinders the successful implementation of alternatives to corporal punishment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Kassim, Abdul Fatau , Pylman, N J
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: School discipline -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Corporal punishment of children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11329 , vital:39060
- Description: The purpose of this study is to explore educators’ views on the effectiveness of alternatives to corporal punishment to maintain discipline in selected high schools in the O.R. Tambo District. Corporal punishment has been outlawed in all South African schools through the South African Schools Act and was replaced by alternatives to corporal punishment. The objectives of this research were to determine educators’ understanding of alternatives to corporal punishment; the interface between alternatives to corporal punishment and learner behaviour; alternatives to corporal punishment in relation to effective teaching and learning and the barriers that educators experience with the implementation of alternatives to corporal punishment. This research study is fundamentally placed within two schools of thought, namely, Thorndike’s traditional behaviour modification theory and Roger’s diffusion of innovations theory. This study is a multiple-case study located within the interpretivist paradigm, and qualitative in nature. Purposive sampling was used to sample four secondary schools in the O.R. Tambo districts. Twelve (12) participants comprising four principals, four teachers and four SMT members were purposively selected from the four schools. In depth semi-structured interviews and document reviews were used as data generating instruments. Thematic analysis was used to analyse taperecorded data obtained from the semi-structured interviews and document reviews. Findings revealed that there seems to be a common understanding amongst participants around the issue of alternatives to corporal punishment. The findings indicated that participants are aware of the different strategies that can be used to discipline learners without causing physical pain or a violation of their rights. The second finding noted that alternatives to corporal punishment did not serve the purpose which it was intended to. This view points to the fact that learners do not take alternatives to corporal punishment seriously and as such do not lead to improved discipline and behaviour amongst learners. The third finding also revealed that the implementation of alternatives to corporal punishment does not contribute to effective teaching and learning as well as the academic performance in the classroom, because learners frequently absent themselves and are also bunking classes which leads to poor academic performance. It was also claimed that teaching and learning is not all that effective as learners do not respect educators anymore and as such also fail to v complete homework and assignments on a regular basis. The final finding alluded to the fact that insufficient orientation and lack of training on alternative methods of discipline by the Department of Education made it extremely difficult for teachers to implement and administer alternatives to corporal punishment in schools. Given the aforementioned findings, it can be concluded that alternatives to corporal are mainly viewed as ineffective. Furthermore, findings from this study also revealed that educators have not adopted alternatives to corporal punishment, which is in line with Rogers’ theory who aptly states that any new idea or innovation can either be adopted or rejected by social groups. In addition is also seems as if educators have as yet not undergone a change in behaviour in line with Thorndike’s traditional behaviour modification theory, which further hinders the successful implementation of alternatives to corporal punishment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Evaluating the exclusion of certain categories of workers from the coverage of the unemployment insurance act 63 of 2001 and the consequences thereof
- Authors: Ncamane, Ntando
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Social security
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18347 , vital:42254
- Description: The South African Unemployment Insurance system esteems from Social Insurance as a stream of Social Security, which consist of various elements, such as private savings, social assistance and social relief as well as social insurance. The Unemployment Insurance Act 63 of 2001 together with its sister Act, which is the Unemployment Insurance Contribution Act 4 of 2002 regulate South Africa’s unemployment insurance system. The Unemployment Insurance Act made provision for the establishment of the Unemployment Insurance Fund, which will pay unemployment benefits to certain categories of employees for unemployment, illness, maternity, adoption and dependents benefits. The UIA further makes provision for the establishment of the Unemployment Insurance Board and the appointment of the Unemployment Insurance Commissioner. The UIA applies to all employers and employees including domestic workers and seasonal workers, except to employees who work for less than 24 hours a month, employees who are employed on a leanership registered under the Skills Development Act 97 of 1998 and employees employed by the national or provincial government. Although the new Unemployment Insurance Amendment Bill makes provision for workers who were previously excluded from the coverage to be covered under the Amendment Act, these workers includes, workers on learnership, government workers and migrant workers. However, there are still some workers who do not enjoy the scope and application of the UIA those workers are workers working in the informal sector and employees who work less than 24 hours a month and workers who voluntary resign. Apart from the challenge of coverage, the study also examines other challenges faced by the UIA such as non-compliance with international standards, failure to minimise unemployment, discrimination of women against unemployment benefits, the short financial intervention provided by the UIF and the lack of proper dispute resolution mechanism. It is therefore the aim of this study to evaluate the exclusionary practice of the UIA and its repercussions on these certain categories of workers mentioned above. To achieve this abovementioned aim, the study embarks on a journey in which the background is outlined; the historical background of both social security and unemployment insurance including both the constitutional and legislative background (vi) is examined. The study scrutinises the unemployment insurance legal framework this include the structure of the UIF, benefits paid by the UIF, requirements for qualifying for benefits stipulated by the UIA. It goes further in scrutinising these certain categories of workers and other notable challenges of the UIA and UIF. Lastly but not least, an International Perspective and Comparative study is engaged on, so to outline relevant international instrument to the study and to get a better understanding of other countries unemployment insurance system and to enable South Africa to learn from these countries to enhance its unemployment insurance. Finally, recommendations are made to provide solutions to the UIA shortcomings identified in this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Ncamane, Ntando
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Social security
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18347 , vital:42254
- Description: The South African Unemployment Insurance system esteems from Social Insurance as a stream of Social Security, which consist of various elements, such as private savings, social assistance and social relief as well as social insurance. The Unemployment Insurance Act 63 of 2001 together with its sister Act, which is the Unemployment Insurance Contribution Act 4 of 2002 regulate South Africa’s unemployment insurance system. The Unemployment Insurance Act made provision for the establishment of the Unemployment Insurance Fund, which will pay unemployment benefits to certain categories of employees for unemployment, illness, maternity, adoption and dependents benefits. The UIA further makes provision for the establishment of the Unemployment Insurance Board and the appointment of the Unemployment Insurance Commissioner. The UIA applies to all employers and employees including domestic workers and seasonal workers, except to employees who work for less than 24 hours a month, employees who are employed on a leanership registered under the Skills Development Act 97 of 1998 and employees employed by the national or provincial government. Although the new Unemployment Insurance Amendment Bill makes provision for workers who were previously excluded from the coverage to be covered under the Amendment Act, these workers includes, workers on learnership, government workers and migrant workers. However, there are still some workers who do not enjoy the scope and application of the UIA those workers are workers working in the informal sector and employees who work less than 24 hours a month and workers who voluntary resign. Apart from the challenge of coverage, the study also examines other challenges faced by the UIA such as non-compliance with international standards, failure to minimise unemployment, discrimination of women against unemployment benefits, the short financial intervention provided by the UIF and the lack of proper dispute resolution mechanism. It is therefore the aim of this study to evaluate the exclusionary practice of the UIA and its repercussions on these certain categories of workers mentioned above. To achieve this abovementioned aim, the study embarks on a journey in which the background is outlined; the historical background of both social security and unemployment insurance including both the constitutional and legislative background (vi) is examined. The study scrutinises the unemployment insurance legal framework this include the structure of the UIF, benefits paid by the UIF, requirements for qualifying for benefits stipulated by the UIA. It goes further in scrutinising these certain categories of workers and other notable challenges of the UIA and UIF. Lastly but not least, an International Perspective and Comparative study is engaged on, so to outline relevant international instrument to the study and to get a better understanding of other countries unemployment insurance system and to enable South Africa to learn from these countries to enhance its unemployment insurance. Finally, recommendations are made to provide solutions to the UIA shortcomings identified in this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020