Implementation of safety measures in selected public high schools in the Alfred Nzo East education district
- Authors: Mditshwa, Simbongile
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Schools -- Security measures School safety and security
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17895 , vital:41975
- Description: The main aim of the study was to find out how safety measures are implemented in selected public high schools in the Alfred Nzo East Education District. The study was motivated by multiple media reports about incidents that have to do with the safety of learners especially in rural public schools. This case study was grounded in the interpretive paradigm and the qualitative approach was adopted. The study was theoretically guided by the principles from both the Street-Level Bureaucracy (SLB) and the Rational Decision Making Model (RDMM). The data was collected from three schools in the Alfred Nzo East Education District, Eastern Cape, RSA. A purposive sampling technique was utilized to choose the research participants. A total of 21 human participants were involved in interviews where two teachers per school, two learners per school, two SGB parents and a principal were interviewed. Interviews were supplemented with short observations and document analysis. The findings of the research include the following: educators get a minimal empowerment to manage school safety in terms of access to school, scholar transport and on. The researched schools had no school-based safety policies. Some of the challenges included the level of roadworthiness of the vehicles that are used to transport school children which exposes learners to a high risk and that puts more pressure on school safety. Drugs and dangerous weapons are other factors which contribute to the instability of school safety. The researcher recommended that educators should be empowered through support from the principals and from the district coordinator through frequent policy implementation conference using online platform to minimize the costs of physical conferences. I recommended that the community must be active whistle-blowers for drug smuggling because drugs in schools emanate from the communities. Indemnity forms, release forms and school-based policies must be made available for implementation and referencing purposes. Schools should establish healthy relationship with external stakeholders like traditional leaders, SAPS and the Department of Social Development to curb lack of safety in schools.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mditshwa, Simbongile
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Schools -- Security measures School safety and security
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17895 , vital:41975
- Description: The main aim of the study was to find out how safety measures are implemented in selected public high schools in the Alfred Nzo East Education District. The study was motivated by multiple media reports about incidents that have to do with the safety of learners especially in rural public schools. This case study was grounded in the interpretive paradigm and the qualitative approach was adopted. The study was theoretically guided by the principles from both the Street-Level Bureaucracy (SLB) and the Rational Decision Making Model (RDMM). The data was collected from three schools in the Alfred Nzo East Education District, Eastern Cape, RSA. A purposive sampling technique was utilized to choose the research participants. A total of 21 human participants were involved in interviews where two teachers per school, two learners per school, two SGB parents and a principal were interviewed. Interviews were supplemented with short observations and document analysis. The findings of the research include the following: educators get a minimal empowerment to manage school safety in terms of access to school, scholar transport and on. The researched schools had no school-based safety policies. Some of the challenges included the level of roadworthiness of the vehicles that are used to transport school children which exposes learners to a high risk and that puts more pressure on school safety. Drugs and dangerous weapons are other factors which contribute to the instability of school safety. The researcher recommended that educators should be empowered through support from the principals and from the district coordinator through frequent policy implementation conference using online platform to minimize the costs of physical conferences. I recommended that the community must be active whistle-blowers for drug smuggling because drugs in schools emanate from the communities. Indemnity forms, release forms and school-based policies must be made available for implementation and referencing purposes. Schools should establish healthy relationship with external stakeholders like traditional leaders, SAPS and the Department of Social Development to curb lack of safety in schools.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Indigenous Knowledge on Birthing Practices and the Use of Uterotonic Medicinal Plants to Prevent and Treat Postpartum Haemorrhage: A Mixed Methods Approach
- Authors: Kovane, Gaotswake Patience
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Medicinal plants Uterine hemorrhage
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Nursing)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11385 , vital:39067
- Description: There is a dearth of publications on women’s use of TMPs during the perinatal period. (Nergard et al., 2015). It is recommended that “plants used by pregnant women need to be better known in order to ensure that pregnant women receive effective treatment, to identify potentially unsafe use, and also to preserve valuable information about medicinal plants for women’s reproductive health for the future” (Nergard et al., 2015). Tripathi, Stanton and Anderson (2013:16) conclude that “[f]urther research is needed on the uterotonic efficacy of traditional preparations and on interventions to address the use [of TMPs] during labour”. Gruber and O’Brien (2011:218) support the statement and argue that the search for a “novel cyclotide-producing plant…may eventually lead to the development of novel uterotonic …drugs”. Pharmacological evidence of TMPs may promote the safe use of TMPs by IKHs during birth and the postpartum period. Kaingu, Oduma and Kanui (2011:495) emphasized that TBAs still have a crucial role to play in society, by assisting labouring women in rural communities and their “knowledge on medicinal plants is equally important and should be preserved for posterity”.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Kovane, Gaotswake Patience
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Medicinal plants Uterine hemorrhage
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Nursing)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11385 , vital:39067
- Description: There is a dearth of publications on women’s use of TMPs during the perinatal period. (Nergard et al., 2015). It is recommended that “plants used by pregnant women need to be better known in order to ensure that pregnant women receive effective treatment, to identify potentially unsafe use, and also to preserve valuable information about medicinal plants for women’s reproductive health for the future” (Nergard et al., 2015). Tripathi, Stanton and Anderson (2013:16) conclude that “[f]urther research is needed on the uterotonic efficacy of traditional preparations and on interventions to address the use [of TMPs] during labour”. Gruber and O’Brien (2011:218) support the statement and argue that the search for a “novel cyclotide-producing plant…may eventually lead to the development of novel uterotonic …drugs”. Pharmacological evidence of TMPs may promote the safe use of TMPs by IKHs during birth and the postpartum period. Kaingu, Oduma and Kanui (2011:495) emphasized that TBAs still have a crucial role to play in society, by assisting labouring women in rural communities and their “knowledge on medicinal plants is equally important and should be preserved for posterity”.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Individualism and collectivism as moderators of the relationship between achievement motivation and entrepreneurial interest among undergraduate students at Walter Sisulu University
- Authors: Magadlela, Asanda Sinazo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Individualism -- Psychological aspects Collectivism -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18543 , vital:42607
- Description: The purpose of this study” is “to explore individualism and collectivism” “as moderators of the relationship between entrepreneurial” interest “and achievement motivation”among undergraduate students. The study is focused on analysing the relationship behind the variables and what drives the University students of Walter Sisulu University towards the business development of young people. “Researchers have traditionally associated individualism with high rates of firm creation, arguing that an orientation towards achievement and the pursuit of personal objectives” (dominant aspects of individualist cultures) “are determinants of entrepreneurial activity.” “The current analysis shows that a culture correlates to entrepreneurship”, “but cannot uphold the idea that higher levels of individualism mean higher rates of entrepreneurship.” “Many universities have introduced entrepreneurship education to promote the interest” of undergraduates in “becoming future entrepreneurs. Here, the researcher tries to retrieve the undergraduate’s interest and achievement motivation which influences them to entrepreneurial intentions. Based on” the “literature” review, it identifies various factors that are used in the predictions of entrepreneurial interest. “These factors were” adopted “to explore” student’s interests. “Survey questionnaires were distributed to” two campuses from the University of Walter Sisulu, namely; College street campus (East London) and the Potsdam campus which is the main campus of the University. “A total of” 154 “valid data” was “analysed using multiple regressions. The results show that entrepreneurial” interest “was predicted by achievement” motivation, individualism and collectivism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Magadlela, Asanda Sinazo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Individualism -- Psychological aspects Collectivism -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18543 , vital:42607
- Description: The purpose of this study” is “to explore individualism and collectivism” “as moderators of the relationship between entrepreneurial” interest “and achievement motivation”among undergraduate students. The study is focused on analysing the relationship behind the variables and what drives the University students of Walter Sisulu University towards the business development of young people. “Researchers have traditionally associated individualism with high rates of firm creation, arguing that an orientation towards achievement and the pursuit of personal objectives” (dominant aspects of individualist cultures) “are determinants of entrepreneurial activity.” “The current analysis shows that a culture correlates to entrepreneurship”, “but cannot uphold the idea that higher levels of individualism mean higher rates of entrepreneurship.” “Many universities have introduced entrepreneurship education to promote the interest” of undergraduates in “becoming future entrepreneurs. Here, the researcher tries to retrieve the undergraduate’s interest and achievement motivation which influences them to entrepreneurial intentions. Based on” the “literature” review, it identifies various factors that are used in the predictions of entrepreneurial interest. “These factors were” adopted “to explore” student’s interests. “Survey questionnaires were distributed to” two campuses from the University of Walter Sisulu, namely; College street campus (East London) and the Potsdam campus which is the main campus of the University. “A total of” 154 “valid data” was “analysed using multiple regressions. The results show that entrepreneurial” interest “was predicted by achievement” motivation, individualism and collectivism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Influence of Tamarix species on soil physicochemical properties and mapping its distribution and density using GIS in Western Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Mlahlwa, Asiphe
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Tamarisks
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18588 , vital:42611
- Description: Tamarix ramosissima invasion is unarguably one of the worst ecological disasters in South Africa and is classified under category 1b by the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 2014 (NEM: BA). The exotic Tamarix species was introduced in South Africa during the early 1900s as an ornamental or phytoremediating plant. This study was conducted to assess Tamarix distribution and evaluate its impact on soil physicochemical properties in two sites at Leeu River and Olifant River in Western Cape, South Africa. Samples were collected from Leeu River (which consists both the exotic and native Tamarix species) and Olifant River (only exotic Tamarix species). Three transects were laid from the water point outwards, with exotic Tamarix invading the river bank (first transect), the control on the open land (second transect) and the native Tamarix at the far end of the study site (third transect) in Leeu River. In Olifant, transects were laid according to the degree of invasion, low Tamarix density transect was referred to as T1, the medium as T2 and the high density as T3. Soil samples from each transect were taken from three points, at three soil depths (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm) during winter and summer. Soil physiochemical properties such as soil pH, electro-conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), soil organic carbon (SOC), sodium (Na+ ), potassium (K+ ), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), bulk density, soil texture and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) were determined. Soil chemicals properties including EC, Na+ , SAR, K+ and Mg2+ were found significantly higher under the native and the exotic Tamarix species when compared to Tamarix free soils. In general, salinity of surface soils (0–10 cm) was greater than those in the deeper soils with 5.05 mS/cm and 4.73 mS/cm observed under exotic and native Tamarix species, respectively. High levels of EC, K+ , Ca2+, Na+ , SAR, TN, TC and SOC were observed under T3, followed by T2 with the lowest being recorded in T1 at 0-10 cm. Unlike the soil EC, the effect of Tamarix density on soil pH at 0-10 cm soil profile was not significant. Alterations of soil physicochemical properties were more pronounced under the high Tamarix density as compared to the low invasion. Increased in distance from the river was related to a higher density of the invasive species and also topography had a major role in the change of species density. An increase in Tamarix density, results in high leaf litter which in turn results in salinity and soil nutrient at 0-10 cm. Soil salinity was dramatically increased under Tamarix species. Tamarix species are capable of altering the soil properties making it conducive for their growth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mlahlwa, Asiphe
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Tamarisks
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18588 , vital:42611
- Description: Tamarix ramosissima invasion is unarguably one of the worst ecological disasters in South Africa and is classified under category 1b by the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 2014 (NEM: BA). The exotic Tamarix species was introduced in South Africa during the early 1900s as an ornamental or phytoremediating plant. This study was conducted to assess Tamarix distribution and evaluate its impact on soil physicochemical properties in two sites at Leeu River and Olifant River in Western Cape, South Africa. Samples were collected from Leeu River (which consists both the exotic and native Tamarix species) and Olifant River (only exotic Tamarix species). Three transects were laid from the water point outwards, with exotic Tamarix invading the river bank (first transect), the control on the open land (second transect) and the native Tamarix at the far end of the study site (third transect) in Leeu River. In Olifant, transects were laid according to the degree of invasion, low Tamarix density transect was referred to as T1, the medium as T2 and the high density as T3. Soil samples from each transect were taken from three points, at three soil depths (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm) during winter and summer. Soil physiochemical properties such as soil pH, electro-conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), soil organic carbon (SOC), sodium (Na+ ), potassium (K+ ), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), bulk density, soil texture and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) were determined. Soil chemicals properties including EC, Na+ , SAR, K+ and Mg2+ were found significantly higher under the native and the exotic Tamarix species when compared to Tamarix free soils. In general, salinity of surface soils (0–10 cm) was greater than those in the deeper soils with 5.05 mS/cm and 4.73 mS/cm observed under exotic and native Tamarix species, respectively. High levels of EC, K+ , Ca2+, Na+ , SAR, TN, TC and SOC were observed under T3, followed by T2 with the lowest being recorded in T1 at 0-10 cm. Unlike the soil EC, the effect of Tamarix density on soil pH at 0-10 cm soil profile was not significant. Alterations of soil physicochemical properties were more pronounced under the high Tamarix density as compared to the low invasion. Increased in distance from the river was related to a higher density of the invasive species and also topography had a major role in the change of species density. An increase in Tamarix density, results in high leaf litter which in turn results in salinity and soil nutrient at 0-10 cm. Soil salinity was dramatically increased under Tamarix species. Tamarix species are capable of altering the soil properties making it conducive for their growth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Information needs and information-seeking behaviour of practising medical doctors at Katutura and Windhoek central state hospitals in Namibia
- Authors: Matsveru, David
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Information behavior Information resources
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17976 , vital:42000
- Description: This study investigated the information needs and information-seeking behaviour of practising medical doctors at Katutura and Windhoek Central hospitals in Namibia. Anchored on Wilson’s (1996) model of information-seeking behaviour, the purpose of the study was to establish the information required by practising medical doctors to carry out their work, how they seek information, the information sources and resources they use, and the factors that affect them as they do so. Understanding users’ information needs and the way information is disseminated in hospitals is necessary in developing an effective information provision system and ensuring the quality of information services in the hospitals. A mixed-methods research approach was used to meet the objectives of the study. Questionnaires were administered on 140 practising medical doctors at Katutura and Windhoek Central state hospitals, while fifteen doctors were interviewed telephonically, using a semi-structured interview guide. IBM SPSS (Version 25) was used to analyse quantitative data from the questionnaires, while content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data from the interviews. The findings of this research are that practising medical doctors need information mainly for improving clinical decision-making, keeping up-to-date, improving professional knowledge, and continuing education. The study also revealed that medical doctors use a variety of information sources and resources. However, the degree to which information sources are xiii used depends on the clinical context (outpatients, wards and casualty/emergency). Some contextual factors (organisational context, socio-cultural context, and information sources) can either support or hinder doctors in seeking the information they need. The patient is one of the primary information sources for medical doctors. However, language problems are a significant challenge in communicating with patients or patients’ relatives. Lack of patients’ understanding of medical terms and unavailability of properly run libraries in hospitals are some of the factors that affect doctors’ information-seeking behaviour. Participants recommended health education for patients, training of medical doctors on the use of the Internet and ICT, provision of properly run hospital libraries, and improved communication with other international hospitals as some of the ways to improve health information sources and services. Three related models were drawn from the study’s findings, based on Wilson’s (1996) model and literature, namely, the doctors’ decision-making model (DDmM), the clinical context information sources model (CCISM), and the model of information needs and information-seeking behaviour of medical doctors (MINISBMD). The thesis concludes with practical recommendations to enhance the provision of information at Katutura and Windhoek Central hospitals and suggestions for further research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Matsveru, David
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Information behavior Information resources
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17976 , vital:42000
- Description: This study investigated the information needs and information-seeking behaviour of practising medical doctors at Katutura and Windhoek Central hospitals in Namibia. Anchored on Wilson’s (1996) model of information-seeking behaviour, the purpose of the study was to establish the information required by practising medical doctors to carry out their work, how they seek information, the information sources and resources they use, and the factors that affect them as they do so. Understanding users’ information needs and the way information is disseminated in hospitals is necessary in developing an effective information provision system and ensuring the quality of information services in the hospitals. A mixed-methods research approach was used to meet the objectives of the study. Questionnaires were administered on 140 practising medical doctors at Katutura and Windhoek Central state hospitals, while fifteen doctors were interviewed telephonically, using a semi-structured interview guide. IBM SPSS (Version 25) was used to analyse quantitative data from the questionnaires, while content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data from the interviews. The findings of this research are that practising medical doctors need information mainly for improving clinical decision-making, keeping up-to-date, improving professional knowledge, and continuing education. The study also revealed that medical doctors use a variety of information sources and resources. However, the degree to which information sources are xiii used depends on the clinical context (outpatients, wards and casualty/emergency). Some contextual factors (organisational context, socio-cultural context, and information sources) can either support or hinder doctors in seeking the information they need. The patient is one of the primary information sources for medical doctors. However, language problems are a significant challenge in communicating with patients or patients’ relatives. Lack of patients’ understanding of medical terms and unavailability of properly run libraries in hospitals are some of the factors that affect doctors’ information-seeking behaviour. Participants recommended health education for patients, training of medical doctors on the use of the Internet and ICT, provision of properly run hospital libraries, and improved communication with other international hospitals as some of the ways to improve health information sources and services. Three related models were drawn from the study’s findings, based on Wilson’s (1996) model and literature, namely, the doctors’ decision-making model (DDmM), the clinical context information sources model (CCISM), and the model of information needs and information-seeking behaviour of medical doctors (MINISBMD). The thesis concludes with practical recommendations to enhance the provision of information at Katutura and Windhoek Central hospitals and suggestions for further research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Integrating quality management principles into policies and procedures for water and sanitation provision in the Cape Town Metro
- Authors: Madliwa, Nokhanyo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Total quality management local government Quality assurance
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18882 , vital:42995
- Description: The study aims to find a way of improving water and sanitation services through the standardisation of policies and procedures in Reticulation, Waste Water and Bulk Water. It further aims to develop and test an IQM-based model that improves policy and procedure standardisation for the provision of quality water and sanitation services at municipality level. The researcher regards effective IQMS as one of the possible mechanisms that can contribute to the improvement of standardised policies and procedures in quality water and sanitation provision. This study examined the effects of IQM on the standardisation of policies and procedures for the provision of quality water and sanitation services in the Utility Department of the Cape Town Metro, especially in Reticulation, Waste Water and Bulk Water. The study saw a possible link between the effectiveness of IQM and the effective provisioning of quality water and sanitation. The mixed method approach was used. Quantitative and qualitative methods were both used in order to support each other during data analysis. Furthermore, the mixed method was adopted to provide an interpretative and analytical balance towards a clearer understanding of the phenomena under study. The quantitative phase was completed first, followed by the qualitative phase to explain the results even further. For the quantitative method, survey data was gathered. The quantitative method was used for historical numerical data purposes when explaining the survey results. Survey data was analysed using statistical analysis. The qualitative method utilised interviews, providing clarity and thick descriptions of the findings, where quantitative methods did not. This research found that the three branches of the Utility Department in the Cape Town Metro under study did not fully comply with the IQMS as shown by the results of the hypothesis testing. In other words, there is partial compliance with ISO 140001, ISO 9001 & OHSAS 18001 in relation to the standardisation of policy and procedure design and development (DD), implementation (IP), examination (EP), review (RP) and assessment (AP). This means that components of IQMS were not fully applied to the standardisation of policies and procedures for the provision of water and sanitation services. The partial standardisation of policy and procedure vi design and development accounted for the lack of the following: Firstly, improvement in the management of infrastructure, secondly in monitoring and evaluation for quality water and sanitation services. The partial standardisation of policy and procedure implementation accounted for the lack of improvement in the corrective measures, technical knowledge and public health knowledge for quality water and sanitation services. The partial standardisation of policy and procedure examination accounted for the lack of improvement in the corrective measures, management of infrastructure; and monitoring and evaluation for quality water and sanitation services. The partial standardisation of policy and procedure review accounted for the lack of improvement in the corrective measures, management of infrastructure; monitoring and evaluation, technical knowledge and public health knowledge for quality water and sanitation services. Last but not least, the partial standardisation of policy and procedure assessment accounted for the lack of improvement in the corrective measures, and technical knowledge for quality water and sanitation services
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Madliwa, Nokhanyo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Total quality management local government Quality assurance
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18882 , vital:42995
- Description: The study aims to find a way of improving water and sanitation services through the standardisation of policies and procedures in Reticulation, Waste Water and Bulk Water. It further aims to develop and test an IQM-based model that improves policy and procedure standardisation for the provision of quality water and sanitation services at municipality level. The researcher regards effective IQMS as one of the possible mechanisms that can contribute to the improvement of standardised policies and procedures in quality water and sanitation provision. This study examined the effects of IQM on the standardisation of policies and procedures for the provision of quality water and sanitation services in the Utility Department of the Cape Town Metro, especially in Reticulation, Waste Water and Bulk Water. The study saw a possible link between the effectiveness of IQM and the effective provisioning of quality water and sanitation. The mixed method approach was used. Quantitative and qualitative methods were both used in order to support each other during data analysis. Furthermore, the mixed method was adopted to provide an interpretative and analytical balance towards a clearer understanding of the phenomena under study. The quantitative phase was completed first, followed by the qualitative phase to explain the results even further. For the quantitative method, survey data was gathered. The quantitative method was used for historical numerical data purposes when explaining the survey results. Survey data was analysed using statistical analysis. The qualitative method utilised interviews, providing clarity and thick descriptions of the findings, where quantitative methods did not. This research found that the three branches of the Utility Department in the Cape Town Metro under study did not fully comply with the IQMS as shown by the results of the hypothesis testing. In other words, there is partial compliance with ISO 140001, ISO 9001 & OHSAS 18001 in relation to the standardisation of policy and procedure design and development (DD), implementation (IP), examination (EP), review (RP) and assessment (AP). This means that components of IQMS were not fully applied to the standardisation of policies and procedures for the provision of water and sanitation services. The partial standardisation of policy and procedure vi design and development accounted for the lack of the following: Firstly, improvement in the management of infrastructure, secondly in monitoring and evaluation for quality water and sanitation services. The partial standardisation of policy and procedure implementation accounted for the lack of improvement in the corrective measures, technical knowledge and public health knowledge for quality water and sanitation services. The partial standardisation of policy and procedure examination accounted for the lack of improvement in the corrective measures, management of infrastructure; and monitoring and evaluation for quality water and sanitation services. The partial standardisation of policy and procedure review accounted for the lack of improvement in the corrective measures, management of infrastructure; monitoring and evaluation, technical knowledge and public health knowledge for quality water and sanitation services. Last but not least, the partial standardisation of policy and procedure assessment accounted for the lack of improvement in the corrective measures, and technical knowledge for quality water and sanitation services
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Investigating carcass characteristics, meat quality and ageing effects on physicochemical attributes, lipid oxidation, and degradation of muscle proteins in mature beef and dairy cull cows
- Authors: Mpala, Bukhosi
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Meat -- Quality Dairy cattle
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Animal Science )
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18777 , vital:42732
- Description: This study aimed to examine carcass characteristics, meat quality and postmortem ageing effects on physicochemical properties, lipid oxidation and muscle protein degradation in dairy and beef cull cows. Three cattle genotypes representing dairy {Holstein-Friesian (HF)}, beef {Bonsmara (BON)}, and a mixed purpose genotype {South Devon × Aberdeen Angus crossbreed (SD × AA)} were selected at a commercial abattoir lairage and used for this study. From each genotype, mature cows falling into the C-age class were then randomly chosen consisting of 24 HF, 31 BON and 26 SD × AA. The South African red meat classification system was used to evaluate carcass parameters, while objective measurements associated with meat quality {i.e., pH, colour (CIE L*, a*, b*), water holding capacity (WHC) and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF)} were assessed in the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle. Also, six cows were selected from each genotype within a carcass weight range of 290 ± 5 kg and fat score (FS) and conformation score (CS) of 2 and 3 respectively, and their meat was aged in a 4 ℃ chiller for 1, 7 or 14 days. At each ageing period, steaks were evaluated for pH, colour, WHC, WBSF and lipid oxidation. Furthermore, sub-samples were cut from each aged steak, vacuum-sealed, and stored in a freezer at -20 ℃ until needed for the determination of protein solubility and degradation of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins. Study results showed that the HF had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower dressing percentage than the BON and SD × AA. A total of 59% of the cull cows yielded lean carcasses, while 33% and 4% had a medium and fat subcutaneous fat score, respectively. The Holstein-Friesian recorded carcasses that had a fat score of 0 (2%) and a fat score of 1 (4%) while the Bonsmara had 20% C2, 16% C3 and 2% C4 carcasses, respectively. Most of the carcasses (78%) had a medium CS with the BON and SD × AA making up to 37% and 30%, respectively. All the measured meat quality attributes showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among the three cattle genotypes, except b*, hue angle and thawing loss. Notably, the HF recorded higher (P < 0.05) L*, a* and drip loss values but had a lower WBSF than the BON. The findings of the present study also showed that meat pH, colour traits, purge loss, lipid oxidation, cooking loss and WBSF were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by post-mortem ageing and genotype. Except for SD × AA, WBSF only showed a significant decrease after 14 days of ageing. Moreover, significant (P < 0.05) ageing and genotype effects were observed on protein solubility and degradation of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins. One dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of several protein bands 4 Final Submission of Thesis, Dissertation or Research Report/Project, Conference or Exam Paper with molecular weights ranges of 16 - 250 kDa and 12.5 – 166.6 kDa in the myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein extracts, respectively. The staining intensities of some the protein bands were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by ageing and cattle genotype. In conclusion, the present study observed that carcass characteristics and meat quality traits vary among cattle genotypes with different production use. The data also revealed that physicochemical characteristics and degradation of muscle proteins is related to both cattle genotype and postmortem ageing. It is recommended that the meat of mature cull cows be aged under vacuum conditions for up to 14 days to improve its tenderness.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mpala, Bukhosi
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Meat -- Quality Dairy cattle
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Animal Science )
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18777 , vital:42732
- Description: This study aimed to examine carcass characteristics, meat quality and postmortem ageing effects on physicochemical properties, lipid oxidation and muscle protein degradation in dairy and beef cull cows. Three cattle genotypes representing dairy {Holstein-Friesian (HF)}, beef {Bonsmara (BON)}, and a mixed purpose genotype {South Devon × Aberdeen Angus crossbreed (SD × AA)} were selected at a commercial abattoir lairage and used for this study. From each genotype, mature cows falling into the C-age class were then randomly chosen consisting of 24 HF, 31 BON and 26 SD × AA. The South African red meat classification system was used to evaluate carcass parameters, while objective measurements associated with meat quality {i.e., pH, colour (CIE L*, a*, b*), water holding capacity (WHC) and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF)} were assessed in the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle. Also, six cows were selected from each genotype within a carcass weight range of 290 ± 5 kg and fat score (FS) and conformation score (CS) of 2 and 3 respectively, and their meat was aged in a 4 ℃ chiller for 1, 7 or 14 days. At each ageing period, steaks were evaluated for pH, colour, WHC, WBSF and lipid oxidation. Furthermore, sub-samples were cut from each aged steak, vacuum-sealed, and stored in a freezer at -20 ℃ until needed for the determination of protein solubility and degradation of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins. Study results showed that the HF had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower dressing percentage than the BON and SD × AA. A total of 59% of the cull cows yielded lean carcasses, while 33% and 4% had a medium and fat subcutaneous fat score, respectively. The Holstein-Friesian recorded carcasses that had a fat score of 0 (2%) and a fat score of 1 (4%) while the Bonsmara had 20% C2, 16% C3 and 2% C4 carcasses, respectively. Most of the carcasses (78%) had a medium CS with the BON and SD × AA making up to 37% and 30%, respectively. All the measured meat quality attributes showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among the three cattle genotypes, except b*, hue angle and thawing loss. Notably, the HF recorded higher (P < 0.05) L*, a* and drip loss values but had a lower WBSF than the BON. The findings of the present study also showed that meat pH, colour traits, purge loss, lipid oxidation, cooking loss and WBSF were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by post-mortem ageing and genotype. Except for SD × AA, WBSF only showed a significant decrease after 14 days of ageing. Moreover, significant (P < 0.05) ageing and genotype effects were observed on protein solubility and degradation of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins. One dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of several protein bands 4 Final Submission of Thesis, Dissertation or Research Report/Project, Conference or Exam Paper with molecular weights ranges of 16 - 250 kDa and 12.5 – 166.6 kDa in the myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein extracts, respectively. The staining intensities of some the protein bands were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by ageing and cattle genotype. In conclusion, the present study observed that carcass characteristics and meat quality traits vary among cattle genotypes with different production use. The data also revealed that physicochemical characteristics and degradation of muscle proteins is related to both cattle genotype and postmortem ageing. It is recommended that the meat of mature cull cows be aged under vacuum conditions for up to 14 days to improve its tenderness.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Investigating the psychological well-being of female students who gave birth during cohabitation
- Authors: Mashabela, Emanuel
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Unmarried couples
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc. Sci (Psychology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18175 , vital:42239
- Description: This study investigated the psycho-social well-being of female students aged 18 to 27 who gave birth during cohabitation at one of South African university (University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus). It also investigated the challenges those female students face when they try to balance academics with motherhood. The study is underpinned by Ryff (1989) psychological well-being that suggested that psychological well-being is attained by achieving a state of balance affected by both challenging and rewarding life events. Purposive sampling was employed to select participants of the study and in-depth interview was used to generate data. Thematic analysis was engaged to analyse data. The study discovered that the psychological well-being of female students who gave birth during cohabitation is impaired in way that they experienced impaired environmental mastering, impaired good relationship with others, impaired self-acceptance, impaired personal growth however they show resilient. The study found that female students who gave birth during cohabitation are faced with numerous challenges such as discrimination, lack of support, depression in balancing academics with motherhood, lack of attachment with their children including poor academic performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mashabela, Emanuel
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Unmarried couples
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc. Sci (Psychology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18175 , vital:42239
- Description: This study investigated the psycho-social well-being of female students aged 18 to 27 who gave birth during cohabitation at one of South African university (University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus). It also investigated the challenges those female students face when they try to balance academics with motherhood. The study is underpinned by Ryff (1989) psychological well-being that suggested that psychological well-being is attained by achieving a state of balance affected by both challenging and rewarding life events. Purposive sampling was employed to select participants of the study and in-depth interview was used to generate data. Thematic analysis was engaged to analyse data. The study discovered that the psychological well-being of female students who gave birth during cohabitation is impaired in way that they experienced impaired environmental mastering, impaired good relationship with others, impaired self-acceptance, impaired personal growth however they show resilient. The study found that female students who gave birth during cohabitation are faced with numerous challenges such as discrimination, lack of support, depression in balancing academics with motherhood, lack of attachment with their children including poor academic performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Job characteristics and organisational citizenship behaviour among employees in a previously disadvantaged South African university
- Authors: Yawethe, Thozama
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Organizational behavior
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Industrial Psychology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18952 , vital:43002
- Description: This study examined job characteristics and organisational citizenship behaviour among employees in a previously disadvantaged South African University. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 149 randomly selected participants. A 5-point Likert scale job characteristics survey by Hackman and Oldham (1975) was used to measure job characteristics while, a 5-point Likert scale by Lee and Allen (2002) on organisational citizenship behaviour was used to measure employee’s organisational citizenship behaviour. Different statistical techniques such as Spearman rho correlation technique and Regression analysis were used to analyse data. The results showed that task significance, skills variety, autonomy and feedback are significantly positively related to organisational citizenship behaviour. There was a non-significant negative relationship between task identity and organisational citizenship behaviour. A combination of two or more job characteristics dimensions were found to report a higher proportion of variance in organisational citizenship behaviour than any one job characteristic separately. The study, thus, recommends that managers must design employees’ jobs or tasks that are more meaningful to stimulate the display of organisational citizenship behaviour. Initiatives that stimulate the use of a variety of skills, promotes feedback, promote task significance and autonomy were suggested as solutions to stimulate the display of OCB. The prevalence of such dimensions on one’s job increase motivation and satisfaction therefore contributing positively towards organisational citizenship behaviour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Yawethe, Thozama
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Organizational behavior
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Industrial Psychology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18952 , vital:43002
- Description: This study examined job characteristics and organisational citizenship behaviour among employees in a previously disadvantaged South African University. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 149 randomly selected participants. A 5-point Likert scale job characteristics survey by Hackman and Oldham (1975) was used to measure job characteristics while, a 5-point Likert scale by Lee and Allen (2002) on organisational citizenship behaviour was used to measure employee’s organisational citizenship behaviour. Different statistical techniques such as Spearman rho correlation technique and Regression analysis were used to analyse data. The results showed that task significance, skills variety, autonomy and feedback are significantly positively related to organisational citizenship behaviour. There was a non-significant negative relationship between task identity and organisational citizenship behaviour. A combination of two or more job characteristics dimensions were found to report a higher proportion of variance in organisational citizenship behaviour than any one job characteristic separately. The study, thus, recommends that managers must design employees’ jobs or tasks that are more meaningful to stimulate the display of organisational citizenship behaviour. Initiatives that stimulate the use of a variety of skills, promotes feedback, promote task significance and autonomy were suggested as solutions to stimulate the display of OCB. The prevalence of such dimensions on one’s job increase motivation and satisfaction therefore contributing positively towards organisational citizenship behaviour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Joint Modelling Inference for Longitudinal and Time To Event Data with Application to Biomarkers in Medical and Clinical Studies
- Authors: Azeez, Adeboye Nurudeen
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Biochemical markers Bayesian statistical decision theory
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Biostatistics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18476 , vital:42543
- Description: In the past couple of decades, longitudinal and survival data analysis have emerged as important and popular concepts of biostatistics and statistics for disease modelling. In recent years, these two statistics concepts have been combined to develop a joint model for longitudinal and survival data analysis. The Joint model is a simultaneous modelling application of longitudinal and survival data while taking into account a possible association between them. In this thesis, three sub-topics (Conditional score approach, estimating equation approach, and modified Cholesky decomposition approach) are utilised to model the association if the independence assumption is violated. Using the conditional score approach, the study investigated the association between longitudinal covariates and the time-to-event process to examine the within-subject measurement error that could influence estimation when the assumption of normality and mutual independence is violated. Given the assumption violation, I proposed an estimating equation approach based on the conditional score to relax parametric distributional assumptions for repeated measures of random effects. I jointly modelled the time-dependent biomarkers and event times using the Cox model with intermittent time-dependent covariates measure, in which the longitudinal model was used to characterize the biomarker underlying (unobservable) trajectory and incorporated as a latent time-dependent covariate in the survival model to predict failure times. Estimates of the parameters were obtained by a restricted maximum likelihood estimate (REML). A modified Cholesky decomposition method was used to capture the within-subject covariance for a positive definite and symmetric matrix, with the assumption that the observed data from different subjects are independent. I illustrated the proposed method by a real data set from a lung study and simulation. An extension to the joint model of longitudinal-survival data was also proposed, in which the longitudinal data has a cumulative and weighted effect on the hazard event function. Using a Bayesian parametric method, I proposed a skewed weighted probability density function to estimate the parameters. The weighted cumulative effect used enabled different longitudinal profiles to be incorporated over time in calculating the hazard ratio between the subjects. The proposed functions provide greater flexibility for modelling the association structure of different longitudinal and survival sub-model. The focus was on the association between the biomarker (serum creatinine, sCr) and the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Since the effect of sCr biomarker is anticipated to be a cumulative effect, with the development of sCr biomarker over time leading to progressively higher damage of the kidney. The approach was applied a simulation for validation of the proposed method
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Azeez, Adeboye Nurudeen
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Biochemical markers Bayesian statistical decision theory
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Biostatistics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18476 , vital:42543
- Description: In the past couple of decades, longitudinal and survival data analysis have emerged as important and popular concepts of biostatistics and statistics for disease modelling. In recent years, these two statistics concepts have been combined to develop a joint model for longitudinal and survival data analysis. The Joint model is a simultaneous modelling application of longitudinal and survival data while taking into account a possible association between them. In this thesis, three sub-topics (Conditional score approach, estimating equation approach, and modified Cholesky decomposition approach) are utilised to model the association if the independence assumption is violated. Using the conditional score approach, the study investigated the association between longitudinal covariates and the time-to-event process to examine the within-subject measurement error that could influence estimation when the assumption of normality and mutual independence is violated. Given the assumption violation, I proposed an estimating equation approach based on the conditional score to relax parametric distributional assumptions for repeated measures of random effects. I jointly modelled the time-dependent biomarkers and event times using the Cox model with intermittent time-dependent covariates measure, in which the longitudinal model was used to characterize the biomarker underlying (unobservable) trajectory and incorporated as a latent time-dependent covariate in the survival model to predict failure times. Estimates of the parameters were obtained by a restricted maximum likelihood estimate (REML). A modified Cholesky decomposition method was used to capture the within-subject covariance for a positive definite and symmetric matrix, with the assumption that the observed data from different subjects are independent. I illustrated the proposed method by a real data set from a lung study and simulation. An extension to the joint model of longitudinal-survival data was also proposed, in which the longitudinal data has a cumulative and weighted effect on the hazard event function. Using a Bayesian parametric method, I proposed a skewed weighted probability density function to estimate the parameters. The weighted cumulative effect used enabled different longitudinal profiles to be incorporated over time in calculating the hazard ratio between the subjects. The proposed functions provide greater flexibility for modelling the association structure of different longitudinal and survival sub-model. The focus was on the association between the biomarker (serum creatinine, sCr) and the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Since the effect of sCr biomarker is anticipated to be a cumulative effect, with the development of sCr biomarker over time leading to progressively higher damage of the kidney. The approach was applied a simulation for validation of the proposed method
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Knowledge of drowning risks amongst adolescents in the Nelson Mandela Metropole, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Isaacs, Imeraan
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Primary health care
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18422 , vital:42264
- Description: The purpose of this research study was to explore and describe the knowledge and the level of awareness of drowning risks amongst adolescents in the Nelson Mandela Metropole, Eastern Cape Province, and South Africa. Drowning is defined as the “process of experiencing respiratory impairment from either submersion or immersion into a water medium” (van Beeck et al 2005:853). Global statistics place drowning as being the third foremost cause of unintentional death worldwide (WHO 2013). The World Health Organization reports that more than 90% of the estimated 370 000 drowning fatalities recorded in 2012 occurred in low and middle income countries (WHO 2014). A qualitative descriptive explorative contextual design was employed in this research study. A non-probability convenience sampling method was used. Adolescents aged 10- 13 years old who attend a public primary school and model C primary school in Nelson Mandela Metropole area in the Eastern Cape Province were the target population who had the specific characteristics of interest and significance to the research phenomenon (Asiamah et al 2017). Four focus group interviews were conducted. The groups consisted of five to ten participants grouped together to discuss the matter. Field notes were also taken by the researcher on what was heard, observed, thought and experienced during the interview process (Streubert & Carpenter 2007). Ethical principles were maintained as well as the concepts of trustworthiness were applied throughout this study.Data analysis was done using Tesch’s approach to open coding in qualitative research. A total of six themes and seven sub-themes arose during the analysis of the data and were completely discussed. The findings suggest that most of the participants are quite aware and knowledgeable of the potential risks that predispose an individual to drowning. The consequences of what happens when a victim is exposed to drowning, however, requires more insight. The risk of being unsupervised as well as not being able to swim was echoed in most of the group interviews. vii A noteworthy finding was the fact that the participants who were involved with some form of water safety programme/s at school were very articulate in their responses to the questions. It was recommended that educational programmes ought to be aligned with current evidence which is reflective of the region’s demographics and dynamics. Even though all researchers do not share the sentiments that swim proficiencies heighten the safety of the individual in and around water, the need for ongoing research initiatives is a significant stimulus that will generate new evidence and inform current preventive strategies. Identification and awareness of drowning risks require a foundation of comprehension in order to better understand and interpret the consequences of these risks. Learn to swim or swim orientation initiatives could potentially assist at primary school level with the safety levels of learners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Isaacs, Imeraan
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Primary health care
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18422 , vital:42264
- Description: The purpose of this research study was to explore and describe the knowledge and the level of awareness of drowning risks amongst adolescents in the Nelson Mandela Metropole, Eastern Cape Province, and South Africa. Drowning is defined as the “process of experiencing respiratory impairment from either submersion or immersion into a water medium” (van Beeck et al 2005:853). Global statistics place drowning as being the third foremost cause of unintentional death worldwide (WHO 2013). The World Health Organization reports that more than 90% of the estimated 370 000 drowning fatalities recorded in 2012 occurred in low and middle income countries (WHO 2014). A qualitative descriptive explorative contextual design was employed in this research study. A non-probability convenience sampling method was used. Adolescents aged 10- 13 years old who attend a public primary school and model C primary school in Nelson Mandela Metropole area in the Eastern Cape Province were the target population who had the specific characteristics of interest and significance to the research phenomenon (Asiamah et al 2017). Four focus group interviews were conducted. The groups consisted of five to ten participants grouped together to discuss the matter. Field notes were also taken by the researcher on what was heard, observed, thought and experienced during the interview process (Streubert & Carpenter 2007). Ethical principles were maintained as well as the concepts of trustworthiness were applied throughout this study.Data analysis was done using Tesch’s approach to open coding in qualitative research. A total of six themes and seven sub-themes arose during the analysis of the data and were completely discussed. The findings suggest that most of the participants are quite aware and knowledgeable of the potential risks that predispose an individual to drowning. The consequences of what happens when a victim is exposed to drowning, however, requires more insight. The risk of being unsupervised as well as not being able to swim was echoed in most of the group interviews. vii A noteworthy finding was the fact that the participants who were involved with some form of water safety programme/s at school were very articulate in their responses to the questions. It was recommended that educational programmes ought to be aligned with current evidence which is reflective of the region’s demographics and dynamics. Even though all researchers do not share the sentiments that swim proficiencies heighten the safety of the individual in and around water, the need for ongoing research initiatives is a significant stimulus that will generate new evidence and inform current preventive strategies. Identification and awareness of drowning risks require a foundation of comprehension in order to better understand and interpret the consequences of these risks. Learn to swim or swim orientation initiatives could potentially assist at primary school level with the safety levels of learners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of food preparers regarding food preparation in East London, South Africa
- Fundam, Thembeka, van Niekerk, Firstnames
- Authors: Fundam, Thembeka , van Niekerk, Firstnames
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Primary health care Food service management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18400 , vital:42262
- Description: Background: Food preparers and food handlers seem to face difficulties in identifying activities that render food unsafe as a result of food contamination during food preparation. Research has shown that food preparation is a global problem and a potential health risk which can result in food-borne diseases as a result of a lack of knowledge on the principles of hygienic practices and negative attitudes when handling food. Aim: This study aims to determine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours that motivate food preparers in safe food preparation. Method: Building on existing work in understanding this phenomenon it asks: A purposive sample of male and female participants who prepare food at home were asked to complete a questionnaire. The questionnaire items were developed through focus group interviews and after a pilot study, presented to participants to complete. The items were subjected to principal component analysis (factor analysis), yielding a six-factor solution. The factor means, standard deviations were calculated and reliability was determined for each factor using Cronbach’s alpha as a measure of internal consistency. Group differences were determined through independent samples t-tests and anova. Results: The quantitative analysis demonstrated that food preparers have a fair knowledge and perception of how to prevent contamination. However, their behaviour is various aspects of food preparation might at times put them at risk for contamination. With regards to attitude, when comparing groups, people who prepare food with love and care demonstrated a more positive attitude towards food preparation than those who are less passionate to prepare food. On this basis, hygiene education should focus on the perceived threat to health as cues to action in changing attitudes and adherence to recommendations on hygiene. Conclusion: Further research is required to solicit the views of respondents below the age of 18 with regard to food-handling practices in pre-prepared food to ascertain and prevent further contamination and ensure food safety.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Fundam, Thembeka , van Niekerk, Firstnames
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Primary health care Food service management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18400 , vital:42262
- Description: Background: Food preparers and food handlers seem to face difficulties in identifying activities that render food unsafe as a result of food contamination during food preparation. Research has shown that food preparation is a global problem and a potential health risk which can result in food-borne diseases as a result of a lack of knowledge on the principles of hygienic practices and negative attitudes when handling food. Aim: This study aims to determine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours that motivate food preparers in safe food preparation. Method: Building on existing work in understanding this phenomenon it asks: A purposive sample of male and female participants who prepare food at home were asked to complete a questionnaire. The questionnaire items were developed through focus group interviews and after a pilot study, presented to participants to complete. The items were subjected to principal component analysis (factor analysis), yielding a six-factor solution. The factor means, standard deviations were calculated and reliability was determined for each factor using Cronbach’s alpha as a measure of internal consistency. Group differences were determined through independent samples t-tests and anova. Results: The quantitative analysis demonstrated that food preparers have a fair knowledge and perception of how to prevent contamination. However, their behaviour is various aspects of food preparation might at times put them at risk for contamination. With regards to attitude, when comparing groups, people who prepare food with love and care demonstrated a more positive attitude towards food preparation than those who are less passionate to prepare food. On this basis, hygiene education should focus on the perceived threat to health as cues to action in changing attitudes and adherence to recommendations on hygiene. Conclusion: Further research is required to solicit the views of respondents below the age of 18 with regard to food-handling practices in pre-prepared food to ascertain and prevent further contamination and ensure food safety.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Laypersons’ perceptions and livelihood uses of invasive alien species (Opuntia ficus-indica) in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Mdweshu, Luleka
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Opuntia ficus-indica
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Botany)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18720 , vital:42727
- Description: Opuntia ficus-indica is a succulent plant species that originated from Mexico and parts of neighbouring middle-America and introduced in South Africa by white settlers in the eighteenth century. The species is now categorized as invasive in South Africa but has both commercial and non-market uses. This study evaluated the livelihood uses and local perceptions of O. ficus-indica of rural residents in Makana, Ngqushwa and Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipalities in the Eastern Cape province in South Africa. Data on the livelihood uses and local perceptions on the species in the study area were gathered through community focus group discussions and household surveys using semi-structured questionnaires between June 2018 and August 2019. A sample of 150 participants selected via snowball-sampling technique provided detailed accounts on utilization of O. ficus-indica in the study area. The importance of O. ficus-indica as a useful plant species was ubiquitously perceived, with all respondents reporting its contribution towards their livelihood needs and more than three quarters (88.0%) using the species on a regular basis. Majority of the respondents (41.0%) regarded O. ficus-indica as an important source of cash income while about a third (33.0%) regarded the species as an important source of food products and nutrition. Interviews with respondents revealed that O. ficusindica is currently being harvested from the wild with 73.3% of the respondents reporting that the abundance of the species was decreasing. The positive socioeconomic contributions of O. ficus-indica need to be taken into account when assessing the costs resulting from invasions caused by alien plant species. This study is a crucial starting point in trying to understand and initiate the management of alien invasive species such as O. ficus-indica. Results of this study are also important for understanding local peoples’ perceptions of new introductions and management of existing alien plants in the province.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mdweshu, Luleka
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Opuntia ficus-indica
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Botany)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18720 , vital:42727
- Description: Opuntia ficus-indica is a succulent plant species that originated from Mexico and parts of neighbouring middle-America and introduced in South Africa by white settlers in the eighteenth century. The species is now categorized as invasive in South Africa but has both commercial and non-market uses. This study evaluated the livelihood uses and local perceptions of O. ficus-indica of rural residents in Makana, Ngqushwa and Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipalities in the Eastern Cape province in South Africa. Data on the livelihood uses and local perceptions on the species in the study area were gathered through community focus group discussions and household surveys using semi-structured questionnaires between June 2018 and August 2019. A sample of 150 participants selected via snowball-sampling technique provided detailed accounts on utilization of O. ficus-indica in the study area. The importance of O. ficus-indica as a useful plant species was ubiquitously perceived, with all respondents reporting its contribution towards their livelihood needs and more than three quarters (88.0%) using the species on a regular basis. Majority of the respondents (41.0%) regarded O. ficus-indica as an important source of cash income while about a third (33.0%) regarded the species as an important source of food products and nutrition. Interviews with respondents revealed that O. ficusindica is currently being harvested from the wild with 73.3% of the respondents reporting that the abundance of the species was decreasing. The positive socioeconomic contributions of O. ficus-indica need to be taken into account when assessing the costs resulting from invasions caused by alien plant species. This study is a crucial starting point in trying to understand and initiate the management of alien invasive species such as O. ficus-indica. Results of this study are also important for understanding local peoples’ perceptions of new introductions and management of existing alien plants in the province.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Learning styles, availability, and utilization of instructional materials as correlates of grade 6 learners’ mathematics performance in Buffalo city
- Authors: Adu, Kemi Olajumoke
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Learning ability
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Education)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11374 , vital:39066
- Description: Mathematics is the foundation for the economic and technological development of any nation. It has been asserted that Mathematics is expected to help in accelerating social, economic and technological progress of any society. Performance of this subject is very important and there are different types of learners; such auditory, visual, and kinesthetic. Auditory learners appreciate listening to the teachers and sit down close to the teachers in class. Visual learners like to see things physically during teaching. They learn by materials like charts, graphs, and pictures. Kinesthetic learners learn by doing. Students can prefer one, two, or three learning styles; all these are subject to the availability of instructional materials. The Primary school level is very important in any educational system and any lack at this level would permeate to other levels of the educational system. Hence, this thesis examines the Learning Styles, Availability, and Utilization of Instructional Materials as Correlates of Grade 6 Learners’ Mathematics Performance in Buffalo City. The study adopted the positivist paradigm and employed the quantitative approach in investigating the phenomenon. The thesis made use of correlational research design as it attempted to find out the effects of learning styles and instructional materials on learners’ performance in Mathematics. Stratified sampling was used to select participants. Stratified sampling is a process of dividing the sample frame into strata to obtain relatively homogenous subgroups; this gave us 1225 Grade 6 learners selected across 35 schools in Buffalo City as the sample of the study. Three instruments which are Students’ Learning Styles Scale (SLSS), Availability and Utilization of Instructional Materials Inventory (AUIMI), and Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) whose reliability co-efficient are; 0.87, 0.78 and 0.89 respectively. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed among others; students learning style (visual, auditory, and kinesthetic) have a significant relationship on Grade 6 learners Mathematics performance (B=-.113, t=-3.886, p<0.05). Students learning style (∆R2=.012, ∆F (1, 1223) = 5.047, p < 0.05) emerged as the best predictor of Grade 6 learners Mathematics performance in Buffalo City, while the availability and utilization of instructional materials (∆R2 = .000), ∆F (1,223) = .018, P > 0.05), and gender (∆R2 = .000, ∆F (1,1223) = .036, p>0.05) emerged as better predictors. The study further iv revealed that, Grade six learners with visual learning style ( = 13.242, SD = 5.565) had the best performance in Mathematics at Buffalo City, followed by learners with auditory learning style ( = 12.996, SD = 3.883), and learners with Kinaesthetic learning style ( = 11.525, SD =3.800). The study concluded that one of the most fundamental issues to consider in improving Mathematics performance is the understanding of the learners’ learning styles and effective use of appropriate instructional materials for teaching Mathematics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Adu, Kemi Olajumoke
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Learning ability
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Education)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11374 , vital:39066
- Description: Mathematics is the foundation for the economic and technological development of any nation. It has been asserted that Mathematics is expected to help in accelerating social, economic and technological progress of any society. Performance of this subject is very important and there are different types of learners; such auditory, visual, and kinesthetic. Auditory learners appreciate listening to the teachers and sit down close to the teachers in class. Visual learners like to see things physically during teaching. They learn by materials like charts, graphs, and pictures. Kinesthetic learners learn by doing. Students can prefer one, two, or three learning styles; all these are subject to the availability of instructional materials. The Primary school level is very important in any educational system and any lack at this level would permeate to other levels of the educational system. Hence, this thesis examines the Learning Styles, Availability, and Utilization of Instructional Materials as Correlates of Grade 6 Learners’ Mathematics Performance in Buffalo City. The study adopted the positivist paradigm and employed the quantitative approach in investigating the phenomenon. The thesis made use of correlational research design as it attempted to find out the effects of learning styles and instructional materials on learners’ performance in Mathematics. Stratified sampling was used to select participants. Stratified sampling is a process of dividing the sample frame into strata to obtain relatively homogenous subgroups; this gave us 1225 Grade 6 learners selected across 35 schools in Buffalo City as the sample of the study. Three instruments which are Students’ Learning Styles Scale (SLSS), Availability and Utilization of Instructional Materials Inventory (AUIMI), and Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) whose reliability co-efficient are; 0.87, 0.78 and 0.89 respectively. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed among others; students learning style (visual, auditory, and kinesthetic) have a significant relationship on Grade 6 learners Mathematics performance (B=-.113, t=-3.886, p<0.05). Students learning style (∆R2=.012, ∆F (1, 1223) = 5.047, p < 0.05) emerged as the best predictor of Grade 6 learners Mathematics performance in Buffalo City, while the availability and utilization of instructional materials (∆R2 = .000), ∆F (1,223) = .018, P > 0.05), and gender (∆R2 = .000, ∆F (1,1223) = .036, p>0.05) emerged as better predictors. The study further iv revealed that, Grade six learners with visual learning style ( = 13.242, SD = 5.565) had the best performance in Mathematics at Buffalo City, followed by learners with auditory learning style ( = 12.996, SD = 3.883), and learners with Kinaesthetic learning style ( = 11.525, SD =3.800). The study concluded that one of the most fundamental issues to consider in improving Mathematics performance is the understanding of the learners’ learning styles and effective use of appropriate instructional materials for teaching Mathematics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Mineral Resources Governance and Socio-Economic Development in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Chawatama, Chrispen Tauya
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Mines and mineral resources -- Zimbabwe Mining law --Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD(Dev)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/${Handle} , vital:42996
- Description: This study focused on investigating mineral resources governance (reflected in terms of three indicators of transparency, accountability and stakeholder inclusion) and its effect on socioeconomic development (in terms of three indicators of education, health and household incomes. Mineral resources can be a blessing and can lead to socioeconomic transformation of a country if they are managed transparently, accountably, inclusively equitably and sustainably. On the other hand, these subsoil capital assets can be a ‘curse’ and lead to poverty, conflicts amongst interest groups, elite capture, corruption and economic stagnation if they are not properly managed. Good governance of mineral resources seeks to ensure that the harnessing of mineral resources benefits the economy, enhances the quality of life and reduces poverty amongst citizens. The mining sector of Zimbabwe has risen to be the key economic sector in terms of its contribution to the GDP, FDI, fiscal revenue, exports and employment creation, particularly after the discovery of diamonds and more gold deposits in the country. However, in spite of the growth of the mining sector and its elevation to the mainstay of the economy, glaring dire socioeconomic conditions in terms of unemployment and high poverty levels, poor health, education and household incomes, leads one to question the way the country’s opulent mineral resources are being governed. The study used a mixed methods approach, through use of primary data (quantitative and qualitative data) and secondary data (archival data) as the basis for the collection as well as analysis of data. Complementarity of the research methods was achieved through use of data from household survey with 160 households in Mhondoro-Ngezi, Chegutu, Kwekwe and Shurugwi and in-depth interviews with officials of government ministries; of Finance and Economic Development, Health and Childcare, Primary and viii Secondary Education, local councillors, CSOs; ZELA and ZIMCODD, Traditional chiefs and ZASMC. The study established that mining growth is contributing somewhat to socio-economic development through employment creation, corporate social responsibility, CSOTs, ESPOs, taxation and royalties, but broad-based development has not taken place in the four districts. The study proposes a holistic mineral resources governance and socioeconomic development framework. The study recommends the Repeal of MMA and gazetting of a more comprehensive legal framework, implementation of constitutional provisions on transparency, accountability and stakeholder inclusion, adoption of free online tools for mineral processes disclosure, consolidation of the mining fiscal regime and so on.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Chawatama, Chrispen Tauya
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Mines and mineral resources -- Zimbabwe Mining law --Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD(Dev)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/${Handle} , vital:42996
- Description: This study focused on investigating mineral resources governance (reflected in terms of three indicators of transparency, accountability and stakeholder inclusion) and its effect on socioeconomic development (in terms of three indicators of education, health and household incomes. Mineral resources can be a blessing and can lead to socioeconomic transformation of a country if they are managed transparently, accountably, inclusively equitably and sustainably. On the other hand, these subsoil capital assets can be a ‘curse’ and lead to poverty, conflicts amongst interest groups, elite capture, corruption and economic stagnation if they are not properly managed. Good governance of mineral resources seeks to ensure that the harnessing of mineral resources benefits the economy, enhances the quality of life and reduces poverty amongst citizens. The mining sector of Zimbabwe has risen to be the key economic sector in terms of its contribution to the GDP, FDI, fiscal revenue, exports and employment creation, particularly after the discovery of diamonds and more gold deposits in the country. However, in spite of the growth of the mining sector and its elevation to the mainstay of the economy, glaring dire socioeconomic conditions in terms of unemployment and high poverty levels, poor health, education and household incomes, leads one to question the way the country’s opulent mineral resources are being governed. The study used a mixed methods approach, through use of primary data (quantitative and qualitative data) and secondary data (archival data) as the basis for the collection as well as analysis of data. Complementarity of the research methods was achieved through use of data from household survey with 160 households in Mhondoro-Ngezi, Chegutu, Kwekwe and Shurugwi and in-depth interviews with officials of government ministries; of Finance and Economic Development, Health and Childcare, Primary and viii Secondary Education, local councillors, CSOs; ZELA and ZIMCODD, Traditional chiefs and ZASMC. The study established that mining growth is contributing somewhat to socio-economic development through employment creation, corporate social responsibility, CSOTs, ESPOs, taxation and royalties, but broad-based development has not taken place in the four districts. The study proposes a holistic mineral resources governance and socioeconomic development framework. The study recommends the Repeal of MMA and gazetting of a more comprehensive legal framework, implementation of constitutional provisions on transparency, accountability and stakeholder inclusion, adoption of free online tools for mineral processes disclosure, consolidation of the mining fiscal regime and so on.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Mineralogy, geochemistry and pebble morphology of the Katberg Formation around Graaff Reinet and East London, Eastern Cape province of South Africa
- Authors: Ndlazi, Nondumiso Zandile
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Mineralogy|
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Geology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18631 , vital:42615
- Description: The Katberg Formation forms the upper part of the Tarkastad Subgroup in the Beaufort Group of the main Karoo Supergroup. The Katberg Formation consists of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks mostly dominated by greyish sandstone, red mudstone with minor siltstone occurrences. The Katberg Formation also consists of calcareous and ferruginous concretions that formed during diagenesis. Braided streams deposited the Katberg Formation with a predominantly sand bed load. The Katberg Formation sandstones contain pebbles with no true conglomerates identified in the study area. This study was conducted in the Katberg Formation to understand the mineralogy, geochemistry, and pebble morphology around Graaff Reinet and East London areas. The major and trace elements were analyzed through X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to deduce the source rock provenance, tectonic setting, paleo-weathering conditions, climatic conditions, and sediment maturity. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to highlight a detailed distribution and variation of mineralogical polymorphs of the minerals present in sandstones and mudstones. The pebble morphology was used to confirm the depositional environment of the Katberg Formation. The use of The bivariate plots of the Maximum Projection Sphericity Index (MPSI) and the Oblate-Prolate Index (OPI) showed that 79 % of pebbles fall in the fluvial environment, whereas 21 % of pebbles fall in the beach environment. A small proportion of beach pebbles within the Katberg Formation suggests that the river reached the marginal marine environment during its flow. The majority of the pebbles yielded a bladed shape with a dominating Sphericity Index symptomatic of fluvial sediments. All the bivariate plots illustrate the fluvial depositional environment for the sediments of the Katberg Formation. Petrographic studies based on the prepared 15 thin sections indicated that the Katberg Formation rocks are dominated by quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals. However, they show more plagioclase feldspar than k-feldspars. The grains are poorly sorted and immature, with irregular grain sizes and shapes. The angularity of clasts indicates that the grains have travelled shorter distances. The abundance of feldspar minerals suggests that the arkose sandstone was derived either from situ or from a short distance. The albitization of plagioclase to illite and the replacement of plagioclase feldspars by calcite and laumontite is very common in the Katberg Formation, which points out deep burial diagenesis. The XRD analysis revealed the occurrence of 14 minerals in the siliciclastic rocks of the Katberg Formation, namely: quartz, albite, clinochlore, muscovite, phlogopite, annite, illite, orthoclase, anorthoclase, laumontite, calcite, and ankerite. Amongst these minerals, albite, clinochlore, muscovite, and phlogopite show variation in crystal forms known as polymorphs. Geochemical analysis of the Katberg Formation sandstones and mudrocks revealed that all samples show a high concentration of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, and MgO. The trace elements: TiO2, MnO, P2O5, BaO, SrO, ZrO2, and V2O5 are depleted with values ranging below 1 wt %. The geochemical classification of the Katberg Formation sandstones revealed the origin from wacke and arkose sources. The geochemical diagrams and indices of paleoweathering conditions suggested that the Katberg Formation underwent a moderate degree of chemical weathering. The geochemistry revealed that the sediments were 4 Final Submission of Thesis, Dissertation or Research Report/Project, Conference or Exam Paper deposited during the arid climate conditions. The studied sandstone and mudstone samples pointed an active continental margin and passive margin tectonic setting of the Katberg Formation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Ndlazi, Nondumiso Zandile
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Mineralogy|
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Geology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18631 , vital:42615
- Description: The Katberg Formation forms the upper part of the Tarkastad Subgroup in the Beaufort Group of the main Karoo Supergroup. The Katberg Formation consists of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks mostly dominated by greyish sandstone, red mudstone with minor siltstone occurrences. The Katberg Formation also consists of calcareous and ferruginous concretions that formed during diagenesis. Braided streams deposited the Katberg Formation with a predominantly sand bed load. The Katberg Formation sandstones contain pebbles with no true conglomerates identified in the study area. This study was conducted in the Katberg Formation to understand the mineralogy, geochemistry, and pebble morphology around Graaff Reinet and East London areas. The major and trace elements were analyzed through X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to deduce the source rock provenance, tectonic setting, paleo-weathering conditions, climatic conditions, and sediment maturity. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to highlight a detailed distribution and variation of mineralogical polymorphs of the minerals present in sandstones and mudstones. The pebble morphology was used to confirm the depositional environment of the Katberg Formation. The use of The bivariate plots of the Maximum Projection Sphericity Index (MPSI) and the Oblate-Prolate Index (OPI) showed that 79 % of pebbles fall in the fluvial environment, whereas 21 % of pebbles fall in the beach environment. A small proportion of beach pebbles within the Katberg Formation suggests that the river reached the marginal marine environment during its flow. The majority of the pebbles yielded a bladed shape with a dominating Sphericity Index symptomatic of fluvial sediments. All the bivariate plots illustrate the fluvial depositional environment for the sediments of the Katberg Formation. Petrographic studies based on the prepared 15 thin sections indicated that the Katberg Formation rocks are dominated by quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals. However, they show more plagioclase feldspar than k-feldspars. The grains are poorly sorted and immature, with irregular grain sizes and shapes. The angularity of clasts indicates that the grains have travelled shorter distances. The abundance of feldspar minerals suggests that the arkose sandstone was derived either from situ or from a short distance. The albitization of plagioclase to illite and the replacement of plagioclase feldspars by calcite and laumontite is very common in the Katberg Formation, which points out deep burial diagenesis. The XRD analysis revealed the occurrence of 14 minerals in the siliciclastic rocks of the Katberg Formation, namely: quartz, albite, clinochlore, muscovite, phlogopite, annite, illite, orthoclase, anorthoclase, laumontite, calcite, and ankerite. Amongst these minerals, albite, clinochlore, muscovite, and phlogopite show variation in crystal forms known as polymorphs. Geochemical analysis of the Katberg Formation sandstones and mudrocks revealed that all samples show a high concentration of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, and MgO. The trace elements: TiO2, MnO, P2O5, BaO, SrO, ZrO2, and V2O5 are depleted with values ranging below 1 wt %. The geochemical classification of the Katberg Formation sandstones revealed the origin from wacke and arkose sources. The geochemical diagrams and indices of paleoweathering conditions suggested that the Katberg Formation underwent a moderate degree of chemical weathering. The geochemistry revealed that the sediments were 4 Final Submission of Thesis, Dissertation or Research Report/Project, Conference or Exam Paper deposited during the arid climate conditions. The studied sandstone and mudstone samples pointed an active continental margin and passive margin tectonic setting of the Katberg Formation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Organisational justice as a predictor of organisational citizenship behaviour among academic employees at the University of Fort Hare in South Africa
- Authors: Matsungo, Forget
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Organizational change Universities and colleges -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Industrial Psychology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12458 , vital:39265
- Description: This research was designed to examine the relationship between Organisational Justice (OJ) constructs and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB). This study was based on social exchange theory, the norm of reciprocity. The sample for the study consisted of 184 academic members of staff from the University of Fort Hare in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Moorman and Niehoff (1993). Organizational Justice Scale was used to measure justice and Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Moorman, and Fetter’s (1990) OCB Scale was used to measure extra role behaviours. Data analysis was done by means of the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression Model using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between OJ and OCB. More specifically, OJ was revealed be significantly positively associated with the measures of OCB (courtesy, altruism, civic virtue, conscientiousness, and sportsmanship) at the University of Fort Hare. Therefore, to improve work performance it is imperative that the university should continuously ensure and promote: fairness in their decisions relating (distributive justice); fairness of the methods, mechanisms, processes, and procedures used to determine the decisions or outcomes (procedural justice); as well as fairness in the quality of the interpersonal treatment employees receive within the work environment (interactional justice). This is particularly so, because when employees perceives that there is emphasis on justice or fairness (procedural justice, distributive justice, and interactional justice) within the organisation, they may reciprocate this gesture by displaying desirable discretionary work related behaviours. Theoretical and managerial implications and suggestions for future research are discussed
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Matsungo, Forget
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Organizational change Universities and colleges -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Industrial Psychology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12458 , vital:39265
- Description: This research was designed to examine the relationship between Organisational Justice (OJ) constructs and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB). This study was based on social exchange theory, the norm of reciprocity. The sample for the study consisted of 184 academic members of staff from the University of Fort Hare in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Moorman and Niehoff (1993). Organizational Justice Scale was used to measure justice and Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Moorman, and Fetter’s (1990) OCB Scale was used to measure extra role behaviours. Data analysis was done by means of the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression Model using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between OJ and OCB. More specifically, OJ was revealed be significantly positively associated with the measures of OCB (courtesy, altruism, civic virtue, conscientiousness, and sportsmanship) at the University of Fort Hare. Therefore, to improve work performance it is imperative that the university should continuously ensure and promote: fairness in their decisions relating (distributive justice); fairness of the methods, mechanisms, processes, and procedures used to determine the decisions or outcomes (procedural justice); as well as fairness in the quality of the interpersonal treatment employees receive within the work environment (interactional justice). This is particularly so, because when employees perceives that there is emphasis on justice or fairness (procedural justice, distributive justice, and interactional justice) within the organisation, they may reciprocate this gesture by displaying desirable discretionary work related behaviours. Theoretical and managerial implications and suggestions for future research are discussed
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Practices, dynamics and discourses of cross-racial adoption: the case of Buffalo city municipality in South Africa
- Authors: Nyasha, Kausi
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Interracial adoption -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Adoption -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD(Social Work)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18009 , vital:42003
- Description: This study investigated the practices, dynamics, and discourses pertaining to crossracial adoption (CRA) in the Buffalo City Municipality (BCM) in South Africa. The researcher made use of qualitative methods to collect and analyse relevant data, which was made from both the in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The research sample comprised of six adoption social workers, ten adoptive parents and ten adoptees, who were selected by means of purposive non-random sampling. The researcher also made use of observations, in order to that relevant, valuable, and rich information could be obtained. All the data was subsequently analysed by means of thematic analysis. The principal findings of the study revealed that although it has been legal since 1991, the practices of CRA in South Africa continues to be controversial and that, in the vast majority of cases, it entails black children being adopted by white parents. Relevant discourses covered cultural genocide, the best interests of adopted children, racial identity, colour-blindness, acculturation, and racial consciousness. The phenomenon of CRA needed to be evaluated from all of these standpoints, owing to the racial, cultural, and political perceptions which continue to linger after generations of enforced racial segregation in South Africa. It is evident from the findings that perceptions pertaining to race, culture, and politics exert a significant influence on social relations in the caring for and protection of vulnerable children and on family dynamics in adoptive families. It also emerged from the findings that CRA placements have begun to decline significantly, owing to factors such as long and tedious assessment processes, the xviii attitudes of social workers, a general lack of adequate pre- and post-adoption support for adoptive parents, and shortages of adoption social work staff and resources. The researcher endeavoured to assess the roles of adoption social workers within the adoption triad with respect to determining the adoptability of children and matching them with prospective adoptive parents, recruiting and selecting prospective adoptive parents, counselling prospective parents, counselling biological parents, counselling adopted children, and the providing of post-adoption services. It could be concluded from the findings that although the practice of CRA is an efficacious and desirable form of care for children who are in need of protection, despite any present shortcomings in relation to legislation pertaining to the practice, the phenomenon requires considerably more attention from relevant academics and researchers than it has received to date. The overarching conclusion which emerged from the findings was that although the practice of CRA has attracted controversy and denunciations from several racial groups, it has unlimited potential for erasing the racial stigmas which continue to haunt South African society as well as affording permanency care to those children who are in need of it. The study ends with some recommendations as well as a conceptual framework to deal with the issues of the practices, dynamics and discourses of CRA in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Nyasha, Kausi
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Interracial adoption -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Adoption -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD(Social Work)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18009 , vital:42003
- Description: This study investigated the practices, dynamics, and discourses pertaining to crossracial adoption (CRA) in the Buffalo City Municipality (BCM) in South Africa. The researcher made use of qualitative methods to collect and analyse relevant data, which was made from both the in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The research sample comprised of six adoption social workers, ten adoptive parents and ten adoptees, who were selected by means of purposive non-random sampling. The researcher also made use of observations, in order to that relevant, valuable, and rich information could be obtained. All the data was subsequently analysed by means of thematic analysis. The principal findings of the study revealed that although it has been legal since 1991, the practices of CRA in South Africa continues to be controversial and that, in the vast majority of cases, it entails black children being adopted by white parents. Relevant discourses covered cultural genocide, the best interests of adopted children, racial identity, colour-blindness, acculturation, and racial consciousness. The phenomenon of CRA needed to be evaluated from all of these standpoints, owing to the racial, cultural, and political perceptions which continue to linger after generations of enforced racial segregation in South Africa. It is evident from the findings that perceptions pertaining to race, culture, and politics exert a significant influence on social relations in the caring for and protection of vulnerable children and on family dynamics in adoptive families. It also emerged from the findings that CRA placements have begun to decline significantly, owing to factors such as long and tedious assessment processes, the xviii attitudes of social workers, a general lack of adequate pre- and post-adoption support for adoptive parents, and shortages of adoption social work staff and resources. The researcher endeavoured to assess the roles of adoption social workers within the adoption triad with respect to determining the adoptability of children and matching them with prospective adoptive parents, recruiting and selecting prospective adoptive parents, counselling prospective parents, counselling biological parents, counselling adopted children, and the providing of post-adoption services. It could be concluded from the findings that although the practice of CRA is an efficacious and desirable form of care for children who are in need of protection, despite any present shortcomings in relation to legislation pertaining to the practice, the phenomenon requires considerably more attention from relevant academics and researchers than it has received to date. The overarching conclusion which emerged from the findings was that although the practice of CRA has attracted controversy and denunciations from several racial groups, it has unlimited potential for erasing the racial stigmas which continue to haunt South African society as well as affording permanency care to those children who are in need of it. The study ends with some recommendations as well as a conceptual framework to deal with the issues of the practices, dynamics and discourses of CRA in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceptions about the Value of Teaching Practice Assessment as a Catalyst to the Improvement of Quality Model
- Authors: Bako, Yellow
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Teaching -- Evaluation Effective teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Education)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17921 , vital:41978
- Description: Teaching Practice assessment is criticized for not promoting critical reflection and problem-solving thinking in pre-service teachers as expected. Pre-service teachers lack praxis: translating theoretical knowledge into authentic practice. Teaching Practice assessment is too traditional to offer authentic evaluation for life-long learning. Globally, Teaching Practice is the greatest academic process in training preservice teachers. However, there are concerns raised regarding what is regarded as inadequate teacher preparation, inconsistencies and subjectivity in Teaching Practice assessment, and misalignment between instructional theory and classroom practice have resulted in high demand for quality improvement of the Teaching Practice assessment framework. The research has adopted the post-positivism research paradigm, mixed methods research approach, and the QUAN-QUAL sequential explanatory research design. The population was all Post Graduate students at one university and all Diploma in Education students at on Teachers College in Zimbabwe. Data collection instruments used were: observations schedule, interviews, questionnaires, and documentary analysis. Results have shown that Teaching Practice assessment was of great value for academic, pedagogical, and teacher professional development. Subject content knowledge posed greater challenge to preservice teachers than pedagogical content knowledge during Teaching Practice assessment. School environment, accommodation, lack of material and financial resources, heavy workload, indiscipline, unexpected assessment visits, and contradictions by assessors were major factors that affected Teaching Practice assessment. Pre-service teachers preferred to be assessed by college-based to university-based assessors because they give them feedback for learning, they motivate, and they understand their plight, and they appear more professional in their conduct than university-based assessors. The study therefore suggests a framework for improving the quality of Teaching Practice that includes a balanced curriculum, intensified training on content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge; a proper collaboration between college and university assessors; training in ICT, and more focused Teaching Practice workload, and the practice of reflective, authentic, and emancipatory assessment practices for sustainable development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Bako, Yellow
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Teaching -- Evaluation Effective teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Education)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17921 , vital:41978
- Description: Teaching Practice assessment is criticized for not promoting critical reflection and problem-solving thinking in pre-service teachers as expected. Pre-service teachers lack praxis: translating theoretical knowledge into authentic practice. Teaching Practice assessment is too traditional to offer authentic evaluation for life-long learning. Globally, Teaching Practice is the greatest academic process in training preservice teachers. However, there are concerns raised regarding what is regarded as inadequate teacher preparation, inconsistencies and subjectivity in Teaching Practice assessment, and misalignment between instructional theory and classroom practice have resulted in high demand for quality improvement of the Teaching Practice assessment framework. The research has adopted the post-positivism research paradigm, mixed methods research approach, and the QUAN-QUAL sequential explanatory research design. The population was all Post Graduate students at one university and all Diploma in Education students at on Teachers College in Zimbabwe. Data collection instruments used were: observations schedule, interviews, questionnaires, and documentary analysis. Results have shown that Teaching Practice assessment was of great value for academic, pedagogical, and teacher professional development. Subject content knowledge posed greater challenge to preservice teachers than pedagogical content knowledge during Teaching Practice assessment. School environment, accommodation, lack of material and financial resources, heavy workload, indiscipline, unexpected assessment visits, and contradictions by assessors were major factors that affected Teaching Practice assessment. Pre-service teachers preferred to be assessed by college-based to university-based assessors because they give them feedback for learning, they motivate, and they understand their plight, and they appear more professional in their conduct than university-based assessors. The study therefore suggests a framework for improving the quality of Teaching Practice that includes a balanced curriculum, intensified training on content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge; a proper collaboration between college and university assessors; training in ICT, and more focused Teaching Practice workload, and the practice of reflective, authentic, and emancipatory assessment practices for sustainable development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Preparation and characterization of sodium alginate-based dissolvable bandages as potential wound dressings
- Authors: Ndlovu, Sindi Prescila
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Nanostructured materials
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Chemistry)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18800 , vital:42734
- Description: Burn wounds are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity globally. Burn wounds are painful, cause social isolation and causes post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to prolonged hospital treatment. The challenges encountered in the treatment of burn wounds are infections resulting from the use of wound dressings that do not protect the wounds from microbial invasion. Sodium alginate-based dissolvable bandages were prepared and encapsulated with various antibiotics (ampicillin and ciprofloxacin) and nanoparticles (i.e. zinc oxide and silver). The dissolvable bandages were characterized by FTIR, SEM/EDX, TEM, XRD and TGA. Furthermore, the porosity, water uptake, biodegradation, antibacterial studies, and water vapour transmittance properties of the bandages were also studied. The prepared sodium alginate-based dissolvable bandage incorporated with varied amount of drugs (such as ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, zinc oxide and silver nanoparticle) exhibited good porosity, high water uptake, excellent WVTR with sustained drug release profiles. The loading of ZnO Nps, CLP/ZnO Nps and Ag Nps/CLP into the bandages improved the antibacterial activity of the bandages against both gram-negative and gram-positive strains of bacteria. XRD confirmed the amorphous nature of the dissolvable bandage and the absence of free drugs. FTIR revealed the successful encapsulation of the antibiotics and nanoparticle into the dissolvable bandages. The dissolvable bandages exhibited high water uptake ranging from 870-4468% with good porosity suggesting that they can absorb large amount of wound exudates. The drug release for all the bandages obeyed the Korsemeyer Peppas drug release model with n values in the range 0.1-1.0. The results obtained indicate that the bandages are potential wound dressings for burns and for patients with sensitive skins.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Ndlovu, Sindi Prescila
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Nanostructured materials
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Chemistry)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18800 , vital:42734
- Description: Burn wounds are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity globally. Burn wounds are painful, cause social isolation and causes post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to prolonged hospital treatment. The challenges encountered in the treatment of burn wounds are infections resulting from the use of wound dressings that do not protect the wounds from microbial invasion. Sodium alginate-based dissolvable bandages were prepared and encapsulated with various antibiotics (ampicillin and ciprofloxacin) and nanoparticles (i.e. zinc oxide and silver). The dissolvable bandages were characterized by FTIR, SEM/EDX, TEM, XRD and TGA. Furthermore, the porosity, water uptake, biodegradation, antibacterial studies, and water vapour transmittance properties of the bandages were also studied. The prepared sodium alginate-based dissolvable bandage incorporated with varied amount of drugs (such as ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, zinc oxide and silver nanoparticle) exhibited good porosity, high water uptake, excellent WVTR with sustained drug release profiles. The loading of ZnO Nps, CLP/ZnO Nps and Ag Nps/CLP into the bandages improved the antibacterial activity of the bandages against both gram-negative and gram-positive strains of bacteria. XRD confirmed the amorphous nature of the dissolvable bandage and the absence of free drugs. FTIR revealed the successful encapsulation of the antibiotics and nanoparticle into the dissolvable bandages. The dissolvable bandages exhibited high water uptake ranging from 870-4468% with good porosity suggesting that they can absorb large amount of wound exudates. The drug release for all the bandages obeyed the Korsemeyer Peppas drug release model with n values in the range 0.1-1.0. The results obtained indicate that the bandages are potential wound dressings for burns and for patients with sensitive skins.
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- Date Issued: 2020