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Exploratory study on empowering rural communities of O.R Tambo District with special reference to Mqanduli

- Mbelu, Ntandokazi Busisa

Authors: Mbelu, Ntandokazi Busisa
Date: 2010
Subjects: Rural development Rural population Social services, Rural South Africa -- Eastern Cape
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , M Sw
Identifier: vital:18479 , http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1009453
Description: The aim of the study was to explore development of rural communities in the Mqanduli Administrative Area. The exploratory study was further conducted to examine delivery of service to these rural communities. One of the objectives was to empower rural communities for purposes of improving their daily living standards and also to bring about social change.In determining the sample size, forty (40) respondents were selected from Mqanduli Administrative Area. Out of the forty (40) respondents, thirty (30) respondents were selected from the Mqanduli community members, five (5) were O.R.Tambo District Municipality stakeholders and the other five (5) were Social workers from Mqanduli Administrative Area. The instrument utilized to collect data was a questionnaire. Data was analysed using the quantitative and qualitative measure. The outcome of the study indicates that the majority of rural communities in the Mqanduli Administrative Area were in dire need of empowerment which will enable these disadvantaged communities towards development and social change.
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Date Issued: 2010

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Towards creating a legally literate WSU community for today and tomorrow

- Mammen, Kuttickattu John

Authors: Mammen, Kuttickattu John
Date: 2010
Subjects: Legal literacy -- South Africa Law -- Literacy
Language: English
Type: text , Lectures
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/790 , vital:29777
Description: Legal literacy has been gaining significance in literature in recent years as can be seen from several publications, for example, amongst others, Van Wyk (1983), White (1983), Barrell and Partington (1985), Kawatoko (1995), Andretta (2001), Fischer, Schimmel and Stellman (2003), Oosthuizen (2003), Barry (2006), Hasl-Kelchner (2006), and Schimmel and Militello (2007). In 1948, the world community spoke through the United Nations by establishing a framework for human rights awareness and protection with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). In 1987, several Commonwealth associations founded the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) to promote human rights issues. CHRI’s International Right to Information (RTI) Program focuses on monitoring and supporting the push for recognition and implementation of the right to information throughout the 53 states of the Commonwealth and the institutions of the Commonwealth itself. Generally, legal literacy efforts focus on human rights. It was originally used in a context where citizens, particularly from the marginalized or underprivileged groups, were made to know what the law had to offer them so that they could recognise and challenge injustices much more forcefully. The first step towards that knowledge of the law, which can transform people’s lives, is legal literacy. Legal literacy puts one in the driver’s seat of risk management. Generally, legal literacy efforts focus on human rights.
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Date Issued: 2010

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Towards Medical Education that is Responsive to Community Needs, while Recognising Community Assets and Capabilities

- Mfenyana, Khaya

Authors: Mfenyana, Khaya
Date: 2010
Subjects: Medical education -- South Africa Clinical medicine -- Teaching and learning Problem-based learning -- South Africa
Language: English
Type: text , Lectures
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/780 , vital:29753
Description: Medical education today is under severe tension between “maintenance of standards” and “relevance to the needs of the population served”. A standard is a level of excellence and conventional schools tend to separate “standards” from “relevance” whereas innovative schools do not. This battle has been going on for sometime and in many places including South Africa. de Klerk (1979) warns that South African doctors should not allow the medical standards they have set for themselves to deteriorate because of the pragmatic problems encountered in attempting to attain the primary health care ideal. Daubenton (1990), on the other hand, states that one is excellent only if one is relevant. According to Daubenton, medical education can only be considered excellent if it is responsive and relevant to local needs.
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Date Issued: 2010

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Oesophageal Cancer in Transkei

- Stepien, Andrzej

Authors: Stepien, Andrzej
Date: 2009
Subjects: Esophagus -- Cancer -- South Africa Stomach -- Cancer Cancer -- Patients
Language: English
Type: text , Lectures
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/769 , vital:29751
Description: The oesophagus is a part of the digestive canal between the pharynx and the stomach. It is about 25 cm. long in adults. From inside, it is covered by multilayered squamous epithelium, separated by a basement membrane from deeper tissues that include submucosa, muscle layer and adventitia from outside. Two functional sphincters are located at both ends of the oesophagus, and some glands are present within its wall, which lubricate the surface by its mucin product, contributing to easier swallowing. Knowledge of those structures makes an easier understanding as to the occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma developing in the oesophagus, its spread; it also helps to understand the signs and symptoms of oesophageal carcinoma.
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Date Issued: 2009

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Seasonal Variations in the Growth and Reproduction of Helcion Concolor (Krauss, 1848) Limpet along The Wild Coast Of South Africa

- VUYOKAZI NIBE

Authors: VUYOKAZI NIBE
Language: English
Type: Master
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/2773 , vital:42862
Description: Growth and reproduction are crucial in understanding the biology and ecology of rocky intertidal limpet species. It is inevitable that seasonal fluctuations affect the different reproductive stages of each limpet species in the wild. This led to this research project investigating the seasonal effects on the reproduction and growth rate of the colour variable limpet Helcion concolor (Krauss, 1848). Growth was quantified by comparing the shell dimensions (i.e. shell length, shell width and shell height) and weight (i.e. total body mass, shell weight, somatic weight and gonad weight) of both male and female individuals across the seasons. Histological studies were conducted to quantify the reproductive variation of both male and female individuals during different seasons. Shell conicity (SC), shell ellipticity (SE) and gonad somatic index (GSI) were then calculated to determine seasonal variability. The results revealed that H. concolor females were longer, broader, taller and heavier than the males. Daily incremental shell length analysis detected that the limpets gained more shell length and width in autumn while they gained more shell height in spring and autumn. The ratio of males to females fluctuated on a monthly basis resulting in more females (51.67 ± 4.41 %) than males (48.33 ± 4.41 %) in this study. Males had a larger GSI than females. GSI for females was lowest in summer and highest in spring. For males, the GSI was highest during the winter season. Regression results revealed that shell length and width were useful in determining GSI in both male and females. Histological analysis detected five stages of germ cells for females (Oogonia, Previtellogenic oocyte, Vitellogenic oocyte, Mature oocyte and Atresic oocyte) and four stages for males (Spermatogonia, Spermatocytes, Spermatids and ii Spermatozoa). Mature oocytes were the most abundant stage for females, mostly abundant in autumn and winter. For males, spermatozoa increased from summer to winter and decreased during spring. Histological studies further revealed that H. concolor was a partial spawner as the gonads always contained sperm and eggs within them. Overall, this study highlighted that seasons had more effect on the reproduction than the growth rate of this limpet. Keywords: histology, gonad somatic index, oocytes, patellid, shell dimensions, spawning.
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