- Title
- The Ecca type section (Permian, South Africa) : an outcrop analogue study of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs
- Creator
- Campbell, Stuart Alexander
- Subject
- Hydrocarbon reservoirs -- Ecca Group
- Subject
- Geology, Stratigraphic -- Permian
- Subject
- Paleogeography -- Ecca Group
- Subject
- Shale gas -- Ecca Group
- Subject
- Shale gas reservoirs -- Ecca Group
- Subject
- Ecca Group
- Subject
- Ripon Formation (South Africa)
- Subject
- Collingham Formation (South Africa)
- Date Issued
- 2015
- Date
- 2015
- Type
- Thesis
- Type
- Masters
- Type
- MSc
- Identifier
- vital:5083
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018199
- Description
- The Karoo Basin of South Africa holds an estimated 906 billion to 11 trillion cubic meters of unconventional shale gas within the shales of the Whitehill and Collingham formations of the Ecca Group. Evaluation of this potential resource has been limited due to the lack of exploration and a scarcity of existing drill core data. In order to circumnavigate this problem this study was undertaken to evaluate the potential target horizons exposed in outcrops along the southern portion of the Karoo Basin, north of Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape Province. Detailed field logging was done on the exposed Whitehill and Collingham formations as well as a possible conventional sandstone (turbidite) reservoir, the Ripon Formation, along road cuttings of the Ecca Pass. Palaeocurrent data, jointing directions and fossil material were also documented. Samples were analysed for mineralogy, porosity, permeability, and total organic carbon content (TOC). The extensively weathered black shales of the Whitehill Formation contain a maximum TOC value of 0.9% and the Collingham Formation shales contain a maximum TOC value of 0.6%. The organic lithic arkose sandstones of the Ripon Formation are classified as ‘tight rock’ with an average porosity of 1% and an average permeability of 0.05 mD. The Whitehill Formation in the southern portion of the Karoo Basin has experienced organic matter loss due to low grade metamorphism as well as burial to extreme depths, thus reducing shale gas potential. The Ripon Formation is an unsuitable conventional reservoir along the southern basin boundary due to extensive cementation and filling of pore spaces.
- Format
- 105 p.
- Format
- Publisher
- Rhodes University
- Publisher
- Faculty of Science, Geology
- Language
- English
- Rights
- Campbell, Stuart Alexander
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